Bi 1: DANH T S T V S NHIU ( Singular and Prular Nouns)

Quy tc chung: Mt danh t s t khi chuyn sang s nhiu theo quy tc chung ch cn thm s vo sau danh t . Nhng cn lu nhng vn sau: 1. Danh t s t tn cng l o: 1.1 Trc o l mt ph m th khi chuyn sang s nhiu cng thm es: V d: potato Cargo Tomato potatoes cargoes tomatoes

1.2 Nhng nu trc o l nguyn m hoc t l t mn ca ting nc ngoi vo Ting Anh th ch thm s khi chuyn sang s nhiu: V d: photos radios Pianos bambos Casinos (trong t in k hiu: N (pl+es) ting Anh gc cn gi l t mn) 2. Danh t s t tn cng l y: Nu trc y l ph m th i y thnh i v thm es khi chuyn sang s nhiu: country countries Lorry lorries (xe ti) Community communities Nu trc y l nguyn m th ch thm s 3. Nhng danh t s t c tn cng c phin m l mt trong nhng m sau y: /z, s, , d.., , t../ khi chuyn sang s nhiu th thm es v c l /iz/, cn nu c e ri th ch thm s v c l /iz/ Bus kiss price box intense portfolios

(Ba trng hp ny p dng tng t cho chia ng t ngi ba s t) 4. Nhng danh t s t c tn cng l f hoc fe khi i sang s nhiu th i f hoc fe thnh ves /vz/ Wife wives Knife knives Shelf shelves tr ngoi l vi t: safe safes (n: kt bc)

Nhng nu tn cng l: ff, rf, of, if th ch thm s khi chuyn sang s nhiu: Cliffs scrafs proofs ngoi l: thief thieves 5. Cn ch 9 danh t bt qui tc sau: Man Woman Child Tooth Foot Ox Goose Mouse Louse chiefs belifs

men women children teeth feet oxen geese (con ngng) mice lice (con rn)

6. Cch c s trong s nhiu: - /s/ sau /k, p, t, f, / - /iz/ sau /z, s, , t.., d.., / - /z/ sau tt ce cc nguyn m v ph m cn li 7. Nhng danh t s t c tn cng (c ui) l tn cng s t ca 9 danh t trn, khi chuyn sang s nhiu th ch cn chuyn ui sang s nhiu theo qui tc ca danh t bt qui tc . 8. Mt danh t s t c woman hoc man ng ng trc b ngha, khi chuyn sang s nhiu phi ng thi i 2 t cng mt lc Woman worker Man worker women workers men workers

9. Nhng danh t ghp m c mt t t lm gc (mang ngha chnh ca t ghp ), khi chuyn sang s nhiu th nh s nhiu vo t t lm gc d n ng u hay ng cui Father-in law Step-father fathers-in law step-fathers

10. Nhng danh t ghp m khng c t t no lm gc (ngha ca t ghp khc vi ngha ca t t to nn t ghp), khi chuyn sang s nhiu th nh s nhiu vo t t sau cng: Foget-me-not In-law foget-me-nots in-laws (hoa lu ly) (du, r)

Drop-out

drop-outs

(hc sinh b hc)

11. Nhiu danh t trong Ting Anh s t ngha ny v s nhiu ngha khc: Content: 1 (u) k: dung tch, hm lng 2 (c) : ni dung, mc lc 3 (usu, pl) : mc lc water (nc) waters (lnh hi) air airs (thi ) advice (li khuyn) advices (thng tin) investment (s u t) investments (tin u t) capital (vn) capitals ( th ) 12. Nhiu danh t lun mang ngha s t k c vit di hnh thc s nhiu; thng ba trng hp sau: + Danh t khng m c (k). (Water, rice, advice, news) (u) mun dng s nhiu ca cc danh t ny th dng cch sau: pieces of advice pieces of news + Tn cc bnh. + Tn cc mn hc: sociology (usu sing) thng s t chemistry (usu sing) economics physisis nh s t politics (s t: mn chnh tr hc) (s nhiu: nhng quan im ct) 13. C nhiu danh t lun mang ngha s nhiu k c vit di hnh thc s
t

people police head quarters (tr s) living quarters (khu tp th) cattle (gia sc) 14. C nhiu danh t s t v s nhiu vit ging nhau a). (K hiu trong t in) vit theo cch ca s t (khng bao gi c s) V d: deer (pl unchange): hu, nai Reinder : con tun lc Sheep Fish

Fruit Aircraft : my bay b). Vit theo cch ca s nhiu V d: means Series Species :loi 15. C nhiu danh t (c th m c hay k) khi vit s nhiu mang ngha l loi: tea teas: cc loi tr wine wines: cc loi ru fish fishes: cc loi c food foods: cc loi thc n 16. Nhng tnh t c danh t ho bng cch thm the vo ng trc th lun mang ngha s nhiu V d: the poor the rich The good ( nhng iu thin) The evil: nhng k c c the unemployed the beauti

17. Nhng danh t c tn cng l um khi chuyn sang s nhiu th i um thnh a datum data curriculum curricula (cc mn hc, chng trnh ging dy) medium media stadium stadiums hoc stadia forum forums hoc fora data khi mang ngha l thng tin th chia ng t s t 18. Nhng danh t c tn cng l sis khi chuyn sang s nhiu th i thnh ses crisis crises basis bases thesis theses (lun n)( dng cho master tr ln) symthesis symtheses analysis analyses discussion paper: demonstration stand: country report: key note address: (n) tham lun (n) bc ging (n) bo co quc gia (n) bo co dn

19. C mt s t danh t c tn cng l on khi i sang s nhiu chuyn on thnh a criterion critera :tiu ch phenomenon phenomena :hin tng norm, benchmark, stanar, criterion: mang ngha ch tiu 20. Mun vit mt ch ci hoc mt ch s dng s nhiu th phi nh 1 du phy sau thm s (ging nh nh s hu cch ca s t) three Hs (HHH) three Rs (RRR) three 5s (555)

21. Nhng t ch quc tch v a danh th lu 3 qui tc sau: a). Nhng t c tn cng l an v i th c s dng nh mt danh t y ( ngha l khi s t th c dng a ng trc, khi s nhiwuf th c thm s) Russian Iraqi American Kuwati Indonesian Bangladeshi Korean Pakistani b). Nhng t c tn cng l ese th s t c dng a nhng khng c vit s nhiu ( khng thm s khi s nhiu). Nu mun dng c s nhiu th phi s dng mt trong nhng cch sau We are Vietnamese The Vietnamese Vietnamese people

c). Nhng t c tn cng l ish th khng c dng a khi s t v cng khng c thm es khi s nhiu, m phi dng nhng qui tc va nu VD trn thay th: We are British The British British people I am British person/ man, woman. Ngoi l: Philipines Philipine thuc v Phi lip pin Philipino(s) Thailand Thais Laos Lao Laotian Serbia Serbian Serb(s)

Poland

Polish Pole(s)

Nhng i lng s t ni vi nhau bi lin t and th khi n lm ch ng th ng t chia s nhiu. Nhng vi trng hp every th li khc, khi every i vi nhng i lng s t th mang ngha s nhiu nhng chia ng t li ngi ba s t.