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CC DNG BI TP V AMIN-AMINO AXIT I. Dng bi tp ca amin 1.

Phn ng chy ca amin TH 1: Amin n chc, no, mch h (k = 0; n = 1): CnH2n + 3N CnH2n + 3N + Ta c: a (mol) 6n + 3 2n + 3 1 O2 nCO2 + H2O + N2 4 2 2 6n + 3 a (mol) 4 Nhn xt: C na min = 2nN 2 So = So = C nCO2 na min = nCO nCO2 2 nN 2
2

na (mol)

2n + 3 a a (mol) (mol) 2 2

2 (nH 2O nCO2 ) 3

3nCO2 2(nH 2O nCO 2 )

nH

nCO2 =

3 na min v nH 2 O nCO2 nN 2 = na min 2

Da vo d kin cho, bi ton c th gii bng phng

php bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng. TH2: Amin thuc dy ng ng ca anilin (C6H5-NH2) Phn t cha 1 vng, 3 v mt nhm NH2 (k =4, m = 1): CnH2n - 5N Cn H 2 n 5 N + Nhn xt: nCO2 nH 2O = 5 na min v nCO2 nH 2O nN 2 = 2na min 2 nCO2 2 nN 2 6n 5 2n 5 1 O2 nCO2 + H2 O + N2 4 2 2

C na min = 2nN 2 So =

TH3: Amin m chc c k lin kt v vng: CnH2n + 2 - 2k + mNm Cn H 2 n + 2 2 k + m N m + Nhn xt: n nCO2 = m 2 nN 2 nH
O

6n + 2 2k + m 2n + 2 2k + m m O2 nCO2 + H2 O + N2 4 2 2

m nCO2 = 1 k + na min 2

2.

Phn ng vi axit Phng php ch yu gii dng ton ny l phng php bo ton khi lng hay phng php tng gim khi lng a. Phn ng vi axit HCl ( hoc HX, X = Cl, Br, I) o TH 1: Amin n chc, no/khng no (k lin kt v vng trong mch cacbon), mch h: CnH2n + 3-2kN Nhn xt: Khi vit phn ng nn vit dng R-NH2 (R l gc Hirocacbon no hoc khng no) Amin bc 1: R-NH2 + HCl R-NH3+Cl-

Theo phng trnh phn ng:

1 mol----------- 1 mol------ 1 mol R + 16 gam------------------- R + 16 +36,5 gam => S tng khi lng m/mol = 36,5 gam

Theo bi ton:

x mol----------- x mol------ x mol m (gam)----------------------- m (gam) => S tng khi lng m = m-m gam Nhn xt:

mHCl = mRNH 3Cl mRNH 2 v nR NH 2 = nHCl = nR NH3Cl M R NH 2 = mR NH 2 nR NH 2 hay M R NH 3Cl = m ' m 36,5 mR NH 3Cl nR NH 3Cl

nR NH 2 = nHCl = nR NH3Cl =

Lp lun tng t cho trng hp amin bc 2, bc 3. Amin bc 2:


R1 NH R2 + HCl R2 R1 NH 2Cl

Amin bc 3:
R1 R2 R3 N + HCl R1 R2 R3 NHCl

o TH 2: Amin m chc, k lin kt v vng: CnH2n + 2 - 2k + mNm Amin bc 1: Theo phng trnh phn ng: R-(NH2)x + xHCl R-(NH3+Cl-)x

1 mol----------- x mol------ 1 mol R + 16x gam------------------ R + 16x +36,5x gam => S tng khi lng m/mol = 36,5x gam

Theo bi ton:

a mol----------- ax mol------ a mol m (gam)----------------------- m (gam) => S tng khi lng m = m-m gam => nR ( NH 2 ) x = Nhn xt: M R ( NH 2 ) x = nHCl m ' m = nR ( NH3Cl ) x = x 36,5 x hay M R ( NH 3Cl ) x = m( R NH3Cl ) x n( R NH 3Cl ) x

mR ( NH 2 ) x n( R NH 2 ) x

b. Phn ng vi axit H2SO4 o TH1: amin n chc R-NH2 + H2SO4 mui axit R-NH3HSO4 Nhn xt: m ' m 98 mR NH 3Cl nR NH 3Cl

nR NH 2 = nH 2 SO4 = nR NH 3HSO4 = M R NH 2 = o TH2: mR NH 2 nR NH 2

hay M R NH 3Cl =

amin n chc 2R-NH2 + H2SO4 mui trung ha (R-NH3)2SO4 Nhn xt: nR NH 2 = 2nH 2SO4 = n(R NH3 )2 SO4 = M R NH 2 = mR NH 2 nR NH 2 2(m ' m) 98 m( R NH 3 )2 SO4 n( R NH 3 )2 SO4

hay M R NH 3Cl =

II. Dng bi tp ca amino axit Bi ton ch yu l dng phn ng ca amino axit vi HCl v NaOH xc nh CTPT 1. Amino axit cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm cacboxyl COOH Phng trnh phn ng H 2 N R COOH + HCl ClH3 N R COOH ClH 3 N R COOH + 2 NaOH H2 N R COONa + NaCl + 2 H2 O 2. Amino axit cha mt a NH2 v b nhm cacboxyl COOH Phng trnh phn ng ( H 2 N ) a R (COOH )b + aHCl (ClH3 N )a R (COOH )b ( I ) (ClH 3 N ) a R (COOH )b + (a + b) NaOH ( H2 N )a R (COONa)b + aNaCl + (a + b) H2 O( II )

Lu : Khi thay NaOH bng Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2,nn vit phn ng (II) theo dng: (ClH 3 N ) a R (COOH )b + (a + b)OH ( H2 N )a R (COO )b + aCl + (a + b) H2 O( III ) Nhn xt So m -NH2 : a = nho a+b = nH + nX = nHCl nX

o S nhm NH2: o S nhm COOH:

n nNaOH nOH n = b = NaOH a = OH a nX nX nX nX

III. Dng bi tp ca hp cht CxHyNO2 1. Dng 1: o V d: C2H7NO2 (X) s c 2 dng mui c to thnh t 2 phn ng sau NH 3 + CH 3COOH CH3 COONH4 CH 3 NH 2 + HCOOH HCOONH3 CH3 Du hiu nhn bit: Tnh bt bo ha : xanh giy qu tm. 2. 3. Dng 2: Dng 3: Amino axit H2NRCOOH: = 1 Este ca amino axit H2NRCOOR Khi phn ng vi NaOH, sn phm thu c l ancol ROH (hoc =1 Hp cht nitro RNO2 Hp cht CxHyN2O3 thng c dng mui ca HNO3 v amin =0 Mui ca NH3 (hoc amin R-NH2) v axit hu c (RCOOH)

Hp cht X s phn ng vi NaOH to sn phm l cht kh, lm

andehit RCHO, xeton R(R)C=O nu gc R khng no) 4. 5. Dng 4: Dng 5:

Phn ng vi dung dch Fe + HCl to thnh amin, lm xanh qu tm m V d: CH3NH2 + HNO3 CH3NH3NO3 Du hiu: Khi phn ng vi NaOH to thnh sn phm v c (mui NaNO3)

Mt s phn ng c bit ca amin v amino axit


3RNH 2 + FeCl3 + 3H 2 O 3RNH3 Cl + Fe(OH )3 2 RNH 2 + CuCl2 + 2 H 2 O 2 RNH3 Cl + Cu (OH )2 2 RNH 2 + ZnCl2 + 2 H 2 O 2 RNH3 Cl + Zn(OH )2 3RNH 2 + AlCl3 + 3H 2 O 3RNH3 Cl + Al (OH )3
t C6 H 5 NO2 + 3Fe + 7 HCl C6 H5 NH3 Cl + 3FeCl2 + 2 H2 O >10 C C6 H 5 NH 2 + HONO( HNO2 ) t C6 H 5OH + N2 + H 2 O HCl H 2 N R COOH + C2 H5 OH ClH3 N R COOC2 H5 + H2 O
0 0 0

BI TP P DNG I. 1. a. b. c. d. 2. nng mol): a. b. CH3NH2 (1); C2H5NH2 (2); C6H5NH2 (3); NaOH (4); C2H5ONa (5) C2H5NH2 (1); (C2H5)2NH (2); C6H5NH2 (3); NH3 (4) So snh tnh baz ca amin Sp xp dy cht sau theo chiu tng tnh baz: CH3NH2 (1); C2H5NH2 (2); C6H5NH2 (3); NaOH (4); C2H5ONa (5) C2H5NH2 (1); (C2H5)2NH (2); C6H5NH2 (3); NH3 (4) NH3 (1); (CH3)2NH (2); C2H5NH2 (3); NaOH (4); CH3NH2 (5) NH2CH2COOH (1); CH3CH2COOH (2); CH3CH2NH2 (3); (CH3)2NH (4) Sp xp dy cht sau theo chiu gim dn gi tr pH (cc cht c cng

NH3 (1); (CH3)2NH (2); C2H5NH2 (3); NaOH (4); CH3NH2 (5) NH2CH2COOH (1); CH3CH2COOH (2); CH3CH2NH2 (3); (CH3)2NH (4) II. 1. 2. 3. Phn ng chy ca amin t chy hon ton mt lng amin no n chc X thu c 8,8 gam CO2 t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 amin thu c 6,6 gam CO2, 5,4 t chy hon ton a mol amin Z khng no, c mt lin kt trong mch v 6,3 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca X gam H2O v 1,12 lt N2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu? cacbon n chc, sn phm thu c dn qua bnh nc vi trong d, thy c 30 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng 17,7 gam . Tnh a v tm CTPT ca Z. 4. 5. T= III. 1. 2. nCO2 nH 2O Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc A thu c 20,25 gam H2O, t chy hon ton mt ng ng X ca anilin th t l = 1, 4545 . Tm CTPT ca X 16,8 lt CO2 v 2,8 lt kh N2 (ktc). Tm CTPT v s ng phn ca A

Phn ng vi axit ca amin trung ha hon ton 20 gam mt dung dch amin n chc A c nng Cho 20 gam mt hn hp 3 amin no n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau 9,3% cn va 20ml dung dch HCl 3M. Tm CTPT ca A c t l mol tng ng 1:10:5 tc dng va vi dung dich HCl thu c 31,68 gam mui. Vy amin nh nht c s nguyn t C l bao nhiu? 3. trung ha mt dung dch cha 0,45 gam amin no n chc X cn 100ml HCl 0,1M. Tm CTPT ca X

4. 5. 6.

Cho 3,21 gam mt ng ng ca anilin A phn ng ht vi 30ml dung Cho 5,2 gam hn hp 2 amin no n chc l ng ng k tip nhau tc Hn hp X gm 3 amin n chc mch h. Cho m gam X tc dng ht vi

dch HCl 1M. Tm CTPT ca A dng va vi dung dch HCl, thu c 8,85 gam mui. Tm CTPT ca 2 amin dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng thu c 16,875 gam mui. t chy cng m gam X trn thu c 2,8 gam kh N2. Tm gi tr m 7. 8. Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d) thu c Cho 1,825 gam amin X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn 15 gam mui. Xc nh CTPT v vit cc CTCT ca X ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y c 2,7375 gam mui RNH3Cl. Tm CTPT v vit cc CTCT ca X IV. 1. Phn ng vi axit HCl v NaOH ca amino axit Cho 0,1 mol mt amino axit no A tc dng va vi dung 160ml dung dch HCl 0,125M. Mt khc, 0,1 mol A phn ng va vi dung dch c ha tan 4 gam NaOH thu c 11,2 gam mui. Tm CTPT A 2. 3. Cho m gam H2NCH2COONa phn ng ti a vi 36,5 gam dung dch HCl Mt hp cht hu c X c CTPT C4H11O2N. Bit X phn ng vi NaOH x% thu c mt hp cht hu c c khi lng (m + 1,45) gam. Tnh nng % ca HCl un nh thu c mui Y v kh Z lm xanh giy qu tm m. T Y c th iu ch trc tip C2H6. Tm CTPT ca X 4. Cho 0,01 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M. Mt khc, tc dng ht vi 0,01 mol X cn 25 gam dung dch NaOH 3,2%. Xc nh s nhm NH2 v nhm -COOH ca X 5. Este X c iu ch t amino axit Y v ancol etylic. T khi hi ca X so vi H2 bng 51,5. t chy hon ton 10,3 gam X thu c 17,6 gam kh CO2, 8,1 gam nc v 1,12 lt kh N2 (ktc). Tm CTPT ca X 6. 7. Cho m gam glixin vo bnh cha 0,5 mol HCl d. tc dng ht vi cc Cho 11,25 gam glixin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl. Sn phm sau cht c trong bnh sau phn ng trn cn 0,8 mol NaOH. Tnh khi lng m phn ng cho tc dng vi V ml dung dch NaOH 1M. un nh dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh V, m ? 8. Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl d thu c m1 gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit m2m1=7,5 gam. Tm CTPT ca X, bit MX < 120 (H.KA 2009) 9. phn ng. Cho 0,15 mol axit glutamic vo 175ml dung dch HCl 2M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d phn ng vi dung dch X, tnh s mol NaOH

10.

Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton

vi dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu m gam X tc dng hon ton vi HCl d, thu c dung dch Z cha (m + 36,5) gam mui. Tnh gi tr m.

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