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Chng 3 Tit 25 + 26
Ngy dy: 14/10/2011
Bi 16
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc
- V sao cc nguyn t li lin kt vi nhau.
- S to thnh ion, ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t.
- nh ngha lin kt ion.
- Khi nim tinh th ion, tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion.
2. K nng
- Vit c cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t c th.
- Xc nh ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t trong mt phn t cht c th.
II. Chun b
Photo hnh v m hnh mng tinh th natri clorua, chun b mt s m hnh tht (nu
c)
III. Tin trnh ln lp
1. n nh lp
Lp trng bo co s s lp v cc hc sinh vng.
2. Vo bi
Chng ta hc xong chng 2 Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc v nh lut
tun hon th chng ta bit c nhiu v cc nguyn t ha hc v by gi chng
ta s bt u chng 3 Lin kt ha hc. Sau khi kt thc chng ny chng ta s
bit c v sao cc nguyn t d lin kt vi nhau (tr kh him) to phn t hay
tinh th v bit c nhng lin kt gia chng c to thanh nh th no.
3. Ni dung bi ging
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung bi hc
I. Khi nim v lin kt ha hc
GV t chc cho hc Hc sinh nghin cu 1. Khi nim v lin kt
sinh t nghin cu SGK SGK v tr li cu Lin kt ha hc l s kt hp gia
v tr li cu hi:
hi ca GV.
cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay
- Lin kt ha hc l g?
tinh th bn hn.
- Ti sao cc nguyn t
Khi lin kt c to thnh gia
lin kt vi nhau to
cc nguyn t th nng lng s
thnh phn t hay tinh
nh hn khi tn ti cc nguyn t
th?
ring bit nn s bn hn.
2. Quy tc bt t (8 electron)
GV hi: Cc nguyn t HS tr li: Nguyn t Theo quy tc bt t ( 8 electron ) th
nhm no tn ti trong nhm VIIIA
nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c
t nhin dng t do v
khuynh hng lin kt vi cc
hot ng ha hc km?
nguyn t khc t c cu
GV hi: Nhng nguyn HS tr li: C cu hnh electron vng bn ca cc kh
t nhm VIIIA c cu hnh 8 electron lp him vi 8 electron (hoc 2 i vi
hnh electron th no? ngoi cng (hoc 2 heli) lp ngoi cng.
T s tn ti ca n nh electron i vi heli)
vy, em c kt lun th l cu hnh vng bn.
no v cu hnh electron
ca n?
GV hi: S electron v
s proton trong 1
nguyn t nh th no
vi nhau? Kt lun.
Nu nguyn t mt hay
thm electron th n s
mang in tch nh th
no?
GV hi: Electron mang
in tch g? Khi mt i
electron th nguyn t
mang in tch g?
HS tr li: Electron
mang in tch m.
Khi mt electron th
nguyn t mang in
tch dng.
GV hi: Nguyn t ca HS tr li: Cc
cc nguyn t no d nguyn t kim loi.
mt electron?
Trong phn ng ha
hc, t cu hnh
electron bn ca kh
him (c 8 e hoc 2e
ging nh heli) nguyn
t kim loi c khuynh
hng nhng electron
tr thnh ion dng
2
2
6
1
c gi l cation.
13Na : 1s 2s 2p 3s
GV gi hc sinh ln Hc sinh ln bng Na+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6
bng vit cu hnh vit cu hnh electron
electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t v ion.
Natri v ion Na+.
* Ion m
t cu hnh electron bn ca
GV hi: Khi nhn thm HS tr li: Mang in kh him, cc nguyn t phi kim
electron th nguyn t tch m. Nguyn t nhn 1, 2, 3 electron t nguyn t
mang in tch g? phi kim.
cc nguyn t khc tr thnh ion
Nguyn t ca cc
m gi l anion .
nguyn t no d nhn
VD : F + 1e Felectron?
Anion florua (ion florua)
Cl + 1e Cl-
GV gi hc sinh ln
bng vit cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t
Clo v ion clorua.
GV gii thch cho hc
sinh bit ion n
nguyn t v ion a
nguyn t. GV gi hc
sinh cho v d.
Gv dng hnh v m t
phn ng chy ca Na
trong kh Clo.
- Nguyn t Natri
nhng 1 electron cho
nguyn t Clo bin
i thnh cation Na+.
- Nguyn t Clo nhn 1
electron ca nguyn t
Natri bin i thnh
anion Cl-.
GV gi hc sinh ln
bng vit phng trnh
phn ng.
Tng t nh trng
hp hnh thnh phn t
NaCl. GV yu cu hc
t
CaCl2.
- Hc sinh c khi
nim lin kt ion
trong SGK.
GV a ra m hnh
hoc hnh v tinh th
NaCl m t mng
tinh th ion.
Da vo lc ht tnh
in hy cho bit tnh
cht chung ca hp cht
ion.
Hc sinh da vo
SGK suy ra tnh cht
chung ca hp cht
ion.