CHUYN : NGUYN T-BNG H THNG TUN HON

DNG 1: BI TON V CC LOI HT Lu : + Z = P = E +A=Z+N + Ht mang in tch l p,e ; Ht khng mang in tch l n 39 81 40 Cu 1: Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu : 35 Br ; 19 K ; 18 Ar . Hy xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng. Cu 2:. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v k hiu nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X v ca cc ion to thnh t X. Cu 3: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca ,nguyn t Y l 54, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,7 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t X. Cu 4: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s proton, ntron, electron bng 54, s ht proton gn bng s ht ntron . Tnh Z v A ca nguyn t nguyn t R. Cu 5: Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cos s khi A = 40 v tng s ht c bn (e,p,n) l 60. Hy vit k hiu nguyn t Y ? Cu 6. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. Hy xc nh s khi nguyn t ca nguyn t X. Cu 7 Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t Y l 21. Hy xc nh thnh phn cu to nguyn t, gi tn v vit k hiu nguyn t X. Cu 8. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t R l 34. Hy da vo bng tun hon xc nh nguyn t R. Cu 9: Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M 2+ l 78. Vy nguyn t kim loi M c k hiu no sau y? 54 54 54 54 n , 26 Fe , 25 M 27 Co . 24 Cr , Cu 10: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht p,n,e l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Tnh s p,n,e v k hiu nguyn t M ? Cu 11: Mt ion M2- c tng s ht p,n,e = 50, mt khc trong nguyn t M s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. Tnh s p,n,e v k hiu nguyn t M ? Cu 12: Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s khi ca X v Y bng 8 ht. - X v Y u c s p = s n trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2?, DNG 2: BI TON V BN KNH NGUYN T Lu : + Cch i n v + Mt s cng thc :

Vngt =

.r

D=
Trong : V: th tch hnh cu ca ht nhn hoc nguyn t (cm3) r : bn knh ht nhn hoc nguyn t (cm) D : khi lng ring ht nhn hoc nguyn t (g/cm3) m : khi lng ht nhn hoc nguyn t (g)

Cu 13: Cho bit 1u = 1,6605.10-27kg, nguyn t khi ca oxi bng 15,999u. Hy tnh khi lng ca mt nguyn t oxi ra kg. Cu 14 Cho bit khi lng nguyn t ca C gp 11,905 ln khi lng nguyn t ca hiro. Hy tnh nguyn t khi hiro ra u v gam. Bit rng nguyn t khi ca C bng 12u. 0 Cu 15: Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,43 A v nguyn t khi l 27u. Hy xc nh khi lng ring khi lng ring ca nhm l bao nhiu ? Cu 16 . Nguyn t km c bn knh R = 1,35.10-10m, c khi lng nguyn t l 65u. a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km. Bit Vhnh cu =
4 . r3. 3

b) Thc t hu nh ton b khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn vi bn knh r = 2.10-15m. Tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t km. DNG 3: BI TON V NG V
Lu : + nh ngha ng v : nhng nguyn t c cng s p , khc s n dn n khc s A. + Cng thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh 1 6 1 7 1 8 Cu 17: Oxi c 3 ng v l 8 O , 8 O , 8 O . Cacbon c 2 ng v l 12C v 13C. Xc nh cc loi phn t CO2

c th to thnh. Tnh M CO2. 35 37 1 2 3 Cu 18: Hiro c ba ng v 1 H , 1 H v 1 H . Clo c hai ng v l 17 Cl v 17 Cl . Hy cho bit c bao nhiu phn t hiro clorua to thnh t cc ng v khc nhau v tnh phn t khi ca mi phn t. Cu 19: Mg c 3 ng v : 24Mg ( 78,99%), 25Mg (10%), 26Mg( 11,01%). a. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh. b. Gi s trong hn hp ni trn c 50 nguyn t 25Mg, th s nguyn t tng ng ca 2 ng v cn li l bao nhiu. Cu 20: Khi lng nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87, trong t nhin bc c hai ng v, trong ng v 109Ag chim hm lng 44%. Tm s khi ca ng v cn li ? Cu 21: ng c hai ng v bn l 65Cu v 63Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Tnh thnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v ? Cu 22 : Nguyn t X c 2 ng v A v B.T l s nguyn t ca 2 ng v A v B l 27: 23. ng v A c 35p v 44n. ng v B nhiu hn ng v A 2 ntron. Xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.
Cu 23: A,B l 2 ng v ca nguyn t X. tng s ht trong A v B l 50, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 14, s n ca B nhiu hn s n ca A l 2 ht. Hy vit k hiu ng v A, B ? 27 Cu 24: Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l nguyn t l . Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35 proton. Trong 23

nguyn t ca ng v th nht c 44 ntron. S ntron trong nguyn t ng v th hai nhiu hn trong ng v th nht l 2 ht. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.
Cu 25: Trong t nhin Brom c 2 ng v l 79Br v 81Br c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 79,92. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 81Br trong NaBr l bao nhiu ? Cu 26: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5. Clo c 2 ng v 3517 Cl ,3717 Cl. Phn trm khi lng ca 3717 Cl trong KClO3 l bao nhiu ? Cu 27 : Cho mt dung dch cha 8,19 gam mui NaX tc dng mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 20,09

gam kt ta . Tm nguyn t khi v gi tn X.? DNG 4: CU HNH ELECTRON

Cu 28: Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t sau: Na(Z=11), S (Z=16), Ca (Z=20), Fe (Z=26), Br (Z=35),Kr (Z=36),Cr (Z=24), Cu (Z=29), Co (Z=27) Cu 29: Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , S , S2- , Rb v Rb+ .

(Bit s hiu : ZFe = 26 ; ZS = 16 ; ZRb = 37 ) Cu 30: Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau: 6 C , 8 O , 1 Mg , 1 P , 2 Ca , 1 Ar , 3 Ge , 3 Br, 3 Zn , 2 Cu . 5 0 8 2 5 0 9 2 - Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao? - Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao? 3 5 Cu 31 : Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau : 20 Ne , 39 K , 17 Cl 1 0 1 9

Hy vit cu hnh electron v v cu to nguyn t .

Cu 32: a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s24p4 . Hy vit cu hnh electron

ca nguyn t X. b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y. Cu 33: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R v ion X2- , Y+ u l 4s24p6. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t R, X, Y v cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, kim loi hay lng tnh ? V sao ? Cu 34 : Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him , nguyn t c phn lp electrron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s. a) Nguyn t no l kim loi , l phi kim ? b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7. Cu 35: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht p,n,e l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Xc nh s p,n,e ca M v vit cu hnh e ca M ? Cu 36: Mt ion M2+ c tng s ht p,n,e l 34, trong nguyn t M th s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. Tm s p,n,e v vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t M ? Cu 37 : Mt ion X2- c tng s ht p,n,e l 50,trong s ht mang in ln hn s ht khng mang in l 18 ht. Tm s p,n,e v vvieets cu hnh ca X2- ? Cu 38: Phn lp electron cui cng ca hai nguyn t A, B ln lt l 3p, 4s . Tng s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 5, hiu s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 3. a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B. b) S ntron ca nguyn t B ln hn s ntron trong nguyn t A l 4 ht v tng s khi ca A v B l 71. Xc nh s khi ca A v B. Cu 39 : Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8. a. Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2-; ? b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH? Cu 40 : Vit cu hnh e cc nguyn t c s th t: 19, 35, 52, 24, 83 v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH? Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca mi nguyn t? Cu 41: Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34. a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc). b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t . DNG 5 : XC NH TN NGUYN T DA VO CNG THC OXIT CAO NHT, HP CHT KH VI HYDRO
Lu : Tng Ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hidro bng 8

Cu 42: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng R2O7. Sn phm kh cu R vi hidro cha 2,74% hiro v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R. Cu 43: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng R2O5. Sn phm kh cu R vi hidro cha 91,18% R v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R. Cu 44: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng RO3, trong hp cht ca R vi hidro cha 5,88% hiro v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R. Cu 45: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng RO2, trong hp cht ca R vi hidro cha 75% cacbon v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R. Cu 46 : Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt ngt c cng thc HR. oxit cao nht ca n cha 58,92 % khi lng ca nguyn t R. Tm nguyn t . Cu 47: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt ngt c cng thc H2R. oxit cao nht ca n cha 60% khi lng oxi. Tm nguyn t R v suy cng thc Oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro ? Cu 48:Mt nguyn t R c hp cht kh vi H l RH3. Oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66% khi lng ca R a. Xc nh nguyn t R. b. Cho 28,4g oxit trn ha tan vo 80 ml dd NaOH 25% ( d=1,28). Tnh C% ca dd mui sau phn ng. DNG 6: XC NH TN NGUYN T THUC 2 CHU K, HAI NHM LIN TIP TRONG BHTTH
Lu : + Nu hai nguyn t cng mt chu k v 2 nhm lin tip th Z ca chng hn km nhau mt n v

VD : Nguyn t Na (Z=11) v Mg (Z=12) ,chng nm cng chu k 3 v hai nhm lin tip I,II + Nu hai nguyn t cng 1 nhm chnh v 2 chu k lin tip th Z ca chng hn km nhau 8 hoc 18 n v VD: Nguyn t Na (Z=11) v K (Z=19) thuc cng nhm IA,v 2 chu k lin tip 3,4 (chu k b) Z ca chng cch nhau 8 n v Nguyn t Ca (Z=20) v Sr (Z=38) thuc cng nhm IIA v hai chu k lin tip 4,5 (chu k ln) Z ca chng cch nhau 18 n v Cu 49: Hai nguyn t A,B cng mt chu k v thuc hai phn nhm lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn ca nguyn t A,B bng 27. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t A,B ? Cu 50 : A, B l hai nguyn t cng mt phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s

proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A, B bng 32. Hy vit cu hnh e ca A, B v cc ion m A, B c th to thnh. Cu 51: Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? Cu 52: A v B l 2 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong cng mt chu k. Tng s p trong hai ht nhn l 49. Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? Cu 53: X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH. Tng s ht p trong 2 ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t X v Y l 30. Vit cu hnh e ca X, Y?
Cu 54 :Ba nguyn t X,Y,Z cng nhm A v 3 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s ht proton trong 3 nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t bng 70. Xc nh 3 nguyn t ? Cu 55: Hai nguyn t A v B 2 nhm A lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s hiu nguyn t ca A v B l 31. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t A v B ? Cu 56 : Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. A thuc nhm VIA. trng thi

n cht , A v B phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 25.Vit cu hnh e ca A v B. Xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon. Gi : cu 55,56 : Do bi khng cho cng hay khc chu k nn ta phi bin lun hai trng hp l cng chu k v khc chu k. DNG 7 :XC NH TN NGUYN T QUA CC PHN NG HO HC
Lu : Cc em nm vng phn l thuyt v tnh cht ha hc ca axit, bazo, mui Cu 57 : Ha tan 28,4 gam 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh

ktc v dd A. a. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd A? b. Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II? c. Tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong hh u? Cu 58: em m gam hh hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cn sn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan. a. Tnh m? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trong bng HTTH? Cu 59: Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh? Cu 60: Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48g hiro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn kim loi kim ? Cu 61: Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ?
Cu 62: Cho 2 gam hh hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dd

H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hh 2 mui khan. a. Xc nh 2 kim loi? b. Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 dng?