QUAN TR HOC

Cau 1 : Hay Neu Va Phan Tch Cac Khai Niem Khac Nhau Ve Quan Tr. Anh Ch Thch Nhat La nh Ngha Nao ? Giai Thch. 1. Quan tr la phng thc e thc hien co hieu qua muc tieu cua to chc bang va thong qua nhng ngi khac. Phng thc o c cac nha quan tr thc hien qua cac cong viec hay con goi la cac chc nang hoach nh, to chc, ieu khien, kiem tra. Quan tr la nhng hoat ong can thiet khi co nhieu ngi ket hp vi nhau trong 1 to chc nham hoan thanh muc tieu chung cua to chc. 2. Quan tr la nham tao lap va duy tr mot moi trng noi bo thuan li nhat, trong o cac ca nhan lam viec theo nhom co the at c mot hieu suat cao nhat nham hoan thanh nhng muc tieu chung cua to chc. 3. Quan tr la tien hanh lam viec vi con ngi va thong qua con ngi nham at c muc tieu cua to chc trong mot moi trng luon luon thay oi. Trong tam cua qua trnh nay la s dung co hieu qua nguon lc co gii han. Giai thch nh ngha mot : nh ngha nay xac nh rang hoat ong quan tr ch phat sinh khi con ngi ket hp vi nhau thanh mot to chc. Neu ca nhan ch song, hoat ong mot mnh nh Robinson tren hoang ao, th khong co hoat ong quan tr. Khi co hai ngi quyet tam ket hp vi nhau e cung thc hien muc tieu chung th se phat sinh nhieu hoat ong ma cha ai co kinh nghiem khi song va lam viec mot mnh. Trong s ket hp thanh to chc, cac hoat ong quan tr la het sc can thiet v neu khong co no, tap the se khong biet phai lam g, lam nh the nao, hoac se lam lon xon, thay v bc cung mot hng th moi ngi lai bc theo nhng hng khac nhau.

Cau 2 : Chng Minh Quan Tr Va Co Tnh Khoa Hoc, Va Co Tnh Nghe Thuat. Theo Cac Anh Ch e Nang Cao Tnh Nghe Thuat Trong Quan Tr, Cac Nha Quan Tr Can Phai Lu Y Nhng Van e G Trong Thc Tien Cong Tac Quan Tr. Quan tr va co tnh khoa hoc va co tnh nghe thuat. Khoa hoc cho no nghien cu, phan tch ve cong viec quan tr trong cac to chc, tong quat hoa cac kinh nghiem tot thanh nguyen tac va ly thuyet ap dung cho moi hnh thc quan tr tng t. No cung giai thch cac hien tng quan tr va e xuat nhng ly thuyet cung nhng ky thuat nen ap dung e giup nha quan tr hoan thanh nhiem vu va qua o giup cac to chc thc hien tot muc tieu. Quan tr tap trung nghien cu cac hoat ong quan tr thc chat, tc la nhng hoat ong quan tr co y ngha duy tr va tao ieu kien thuan li cho to chc hoat ong. Quan tr cung cap cac khai niem c ban lam nen tang cho viec nghien cu cac mon hoc ve quan tr chc nang nh quan tr san xuat, quan tr tiep th, quan tr nhan vien, quan tr hanh chanh, quan tr nha nc Quan tr la mot mon khoa hoc v no co oi tng nghien cu cu the, co phng phap phan tch, va co ly thuyet xuat phat t cac nghien cu. Quan tr hoc cung la mot khoa hoc lien nganh, v no s dung tri thc cua nhieu nganh khoa hoc khac nh kinh te hoc, tam ly hoc, xa hoi hoc, toan hoc, thong ke Quan tr va la mot khoa hoc, nhng s thc hanh quan tr la 1 nghe thuat. Nha quan tr phai hieu biet ly thuyet quan tr, nhng e co the quan tr hu hieu, nha quan tr phai biet linh hoat van dung cac ly thuyet vao nhng tnh huong cu the. Trong thc tien cong tac quan tr, e nang cao tnh nghe thuat nha quan tr can lu y en : + Qui mo cua to chc. + ac iem nganh nghe. + ac iem con ngi. + ac iem moi trng.

Cau 3 : Phan Tch 10 Vai Tro Cua Nha Quan Tr Trong Hoat ong To Chc. Tam Quan Trong Nay Co Thay oi Theo Cap Bac Hay Khong? Trong Boi Canh Hoat ong Ngay Nay Chung Ta Can Nhan Manh Nhng Vai Tro Nao ? * Phan tch 10 vai tro cua nha quan tr : _ Vai tro quan he vi con ngi : + Vai tro ai dien (hay tng trng, co tnh chat nghi le trong to chc) : trong cac cuoc nghi le, ky ket van ban, hp ong vi khach hang va cac oi tac. + Vai tro cua ngi lanh ao : oi hoi nha quan tr phai phoi hp va kiem tra cong viec cua nhan vien di quyen nh ch dan, ra lenh, ong vien, tao ra nhng ieu kien thuan li e ngi di quyen thc hien tot cong viec. + Vai tro lien lac : phat huy cac lien he, quan he, nham gan lien ca ben trong lan ben ngoai (co the s dung cac phng tien th tn, ien am.) _ Vai tro thong tin : + Vai tro thu thap va tiep nhan thong tin : thng xuyen xem xet, phan tch boi canh chung quanh to chc e nhan ra nhng tin tc, nhng hoat ong va nhng s kien co the em lai c hoi tot hay e doa oi vi cac hoat ong cua to chc ( oc bao ch, van ban va qua trao oi, tiep xuc vi moi ngi .e biet c dien bien moi trng ben trong va ben ngoai). + Vai tro pho bien tin (oi noi) : thong tin c truyen at chnh xac, ay u (hoac co the c x ly bi ngi lanh ao) en ngi co lien quan, co the la thuoc cap, ngi ong cap hay thng cap. + Vai tro phat ngon (oi ngoai) : hien thc hoa va cung cap thong tin cho cac bo phan trong cung mot n v hay cac c quan, to chc ben ngoai. Muc tieu la e giai thch, bao ve hay tranh thu them s ung ho cho to chc. _ Vai tro quyet nh : + Vai tro doanh nhan : xuat hien khi nha quan tr tm cach cai tien hoat ong cua to chc, khi xng cac d an mi ve hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh, chu trach nhiem cuoi cung ve ket qua hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh, chap nhan rui ro.

+ Vai tro giai quyet xao tron : phai kp thi oi pho vi nhng bien co bat ng nham a to chc sm tr lai on nh, hoa giai cac xung ot, mau thuan noi bo gia cac thuoc cap. + Vai tro phan bo tai nguyen : quyet nh phan bo va s dung cac nguon lc (tien bac, thi gian, quyen hanh, trang thiet b hay con ngi) cho hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh. + Vai tro thng thuyet, am phan : thay mat c quan trong cac cuoc thng ngh ve cac hp ong kinh te hoac trong quan he vi cac oi tac va cac to chc co lien quan.

Cau 4 : Phan Tch Ky Nang Can Thiet oi Vi Nha Quan Tr ? Y Ngha ? Ba ky nang cua nha quan tr : ky nang ky thuat, nhan s, t duy. _ Ky nang ky thuat : (ky nang chuyen mon) nam bat va thc hanh c cong viec chuyen mon lien quan en pham vi ma mnh ang ieu hanh ( hieu biet ve qui trnh, nguyen tac, ky thuat thc hien cong viec ). Ky nang nay giup nha quan tr thc hien viec ch ao, ieu hanh cong viec, kiem soat va anh gia nang lc cap di. Ky nang nay phai tr thanh mot hoat ong thng xuyen lien tuc, nhat quan cua nha quan tr. Vd : thao chng trnh ien toan, soan thao hp ong phap ly kinh te, thiet ke may moc _ Ky nang nhan s : la tai nang ac biet cua nha quan tr trong viec quan he vi ngi khac ( cung lam viec, ong vien ieu khien con ngi va tap the trong x nghiep du o la thuoc cap, ngang cap hay cap tren ) nham tao thuan li va thuc ay s hoan thanh cong viec chung. Cac ky nang nhan s can thiet cho nha quan tr la biet cach thong at hu hieu, quan tam tch cc en ngi khac, xay dng khong kh hp tac va ong vien nhan vien di quyen. _ Ky nang t duy (nhan thc) : tam nhn, t duy co he thong, nang lc xet oan, kha nang trong viec khai quat cac moi quan he qua o giup cho viec nhan dang van e va a ra giai phap, t o lap ke hoach (ac biet la ke hoach chien lc) va to chc thc hien.

Cau 5 : Trnh Bay Trng Phai Co ien Ve Quan Tr Va Rut Ra Nhng Nhan Xet Ve Mat u iem Va Han Che ? Cac ly thuyet co ien la nhng ly thuyet quan tr au tien, ra i vao cuoi TK19 au TK20 thi iem thnh hanh cua nen CN ai c kh vi s ieu hanh doanh nghiep cua cac ky s. 3 ly thuyet chnh : QT kieu th lai, QT khoa hoc, va QT hanh chnh. I. QT kieu th lai : Do Max Weber (c) sang lap a. ac iem : _ Ly thuyet quan tr kieu th lai a ra 1 qui trnh cach thc ieu hanh 1 to chc. Trong tam cua ly thuyet nay la toan bo to chc. _ He thong cac nguyen tac chnh thc oi vi cac thanh vien cua to chc. S ton trong triet e cac nguyen tac am bao tnh ong bo cac thu tuc, qui trnh hoat ong va duy tr s on nh cua to chc . _ am bao tnh khach quan, em lai s cong bang cho tat ca cac thanh vien trong to chc, bi no khong cho phep bat c cap tren nao e nhng nh kien ca nhan anh hng en viec anh gia cap di. _ Phan cong lao ong hp ly, phan chia nhiem vu thanh nhng cong viec cu the hn, cho phep to chc co the s dung e huan luyen cong viec va giao cho nhan vien thc hien 1 cach hieu qua hn. _ C cau he thong th bac giup kiem soat hu hieu cap di do xac nh ro rang v tr cua nha quan tr. _ C cau quyen lc chi tiet xac nh ai la ngi co quyen a ra nhng quyet nh quan trong tai moi cap quan tr trong to chc. _ S cam ket lam viec lau dai em lai s an tam cho nhan vien, giup tch luy kinh nghiem va nang cao kha nang chuyen mon, to chc cung khong b xao tron ve nhan s. _ Tnh hp ly trong phan chia nhng muc tieu chung thanh nhng muc tieu cu the. Do o neu tat ca cac bo phan hoan thanh muc tieu cua mnh th muc tieu chung cua to chc se c thc hien. b. u iem : _ Tnh hieu qua va on nh cua to chc. _ Cong viec cua nhan vien tr nen n gian, ket qua cong viec c tieu chuan hoa ve chat lng va mc o can thiet e ap ng muc tieu cua to chc. c. Han che :

_ Nguyen tac cng nhac lam lang ph thi gian va tien bac; khong phu hp vi cong nghe cao cap, vi s thay oi tnh chat nhiem vu to chc va qui trnh thu tuc mi thng xuyen c a vao th nghiem. _ Lam cham toc o ra quyet nh. Khong quan tam en hieu qua ma tap trung moi no lc vao viec m rong va bao ve quyen li. II. QT mot cach khoa hoc : a. ac iem : _ Phan chia cong viec cua moi ca nhan thanh nhieu thao tac n gian, ap dung phng phap tot nhat 1 cach khoa hoc e thc hien moi thao tac nay. Tuan theo nguyen tac Co mot phng phap tot nhat e thc hien cong viec. _ La chon va huan luyen cong nhan 1 cach khoa hoc, moi cong nhan chuyen ve 1 thao tac. Co he thong giam sat theo chc nang, he thong nay c thiet ke vi cac oc cong phu trach 1 lnh vc chuyen mon nhat nh. _ ong lc thuc ay cong nhan tuan theo menh lenh cua cac nha quan tr, san xuat ngay cang nhieu san pham la s dung bien phap khuyen khch bang cach tra lng theo mc o hoan thanh cong viec. _ Trong tam cua ly thuyet nay la ngi tha hanh. b. u iem : _ Nang cao nang suat va hieu qua cong viec, cat giam hao ph thi gian, tien bac va sc lc, lam ra san pham nhanh va re hn. c. Han che : _ Pham vi ng dung ch gii han trong to san xuat cho en phan xng. _ Tnh nhan ban thap, t quan tam en kha canh con ngi. _ Quan niem cha ay u ve nhu cau cua con ngi. III. QT hanh chnh : do Henry Fayol sang lap a. ac iem : _ nh ro cac chc nang quan tr c ban nh hoach nh, ieu khien, kiem tra va ap dung nhng nguyen tac quan tr nhat nh. Tien trnh quan tr cho phep lam giam bt nhng chc nang rieng le va nhng nguyen tac lien quan en chc nang o. _ Phan cong lao ong ro rang, s chuyen mon hoa giup ngi cong nhan at c hieu qua cao hn trong cong viec.

_ He thong cap bac : Quyen lc cua nha quan tr gan lien vi ngha vu, pham vi quyen lc xuat phat t ban lanh ao cap cao xuong ti nhng ngi cong nhan cap thap nhat trong to chc. Moi cong nhan ch nhan menh lenh t 1 cap tren e tranh s mau thuan gia cac menh lenh gay kho khan cho ngi tha hanh. _ Cong bang : Cac nha quan tr can oi x cong bang va than thien oi vi cap di cua mnh. _ Trong tam cua ly thuyet nay la nha quan tr. b. u iem : _ Xay dng c cau ro rang cung nh trach nhiem va quyen han t cac nha quan tr cap cao en cac cong nhan thap nhat. _ Cac nguyen tac luon c am bao e hoan thanh tot muc tieu chung cua to chc. c. Nhc iem : _ Khong e cap en tac ong cua moi trng. _ Khong chu trong en tnh hp ly trong hanh ong cua nha quan tr.

Cau 6 : So Vi Trng Phai Khoa Hoc Cua Taylor Th Trng Phai Quan Tr Tong Quat Cua Henry Fayol Co iem Giong Va Khac Nhau Nh The Nao ? * Giong nhau : _ Ca 2 trng phai eu quan tam ti van e nang suat lao ong, hieu qua cong viec. _ Xac nh cac chc nang hoach nh, to chc, ieu khien, kiem tra la chc nang chu yeu cua nha quan tr. _ Co s phan cong lao ong hp ly, chuyen mon hoa cao trong cong viec. _ Ca 2 trng phai eu co he thong cac nguyen tac va luon am bao cac nguyen tac c thc hien. * Khac nhau : _ Trng phai quan tr tong quat co trong tam la nha quan tr con quan tr khoa hoc th trong tam la ngi tha hanh. _ Ly thuyet cua Taylor tap trung chu y vao nang suat va hieu qua cua to chc. Ong chu y en kha canh hp ly trong hanh ong cua con ngi va cho rang 1 cong viec eu co 1 cach thc hp ly nhat e hoan thanh chung. Con Henry Fayol e cao tnh pho bien cua cac chc nang quan tr chu yeu va phng phap ap dung chung trong to chc. _ Trng phai quan tr khoa hoc e cao luan iem con ngi kinh te va khong e cap en kha canh tam ly xa hoi cua con ngi. Trong khi trng phai quan tr tong quat e cao nguyen tac phan cong lao ong, thiet lap c cau to chc, qui che hoat ong cu the ro rang, yeu cau nha quan tr cong bang va than thien vi cap di trong to chc.

Cau 7 : Moi Trng Hoat ong Cua To Chc La G ? Co Bao Nhieu Cap o ? Y Ngha Nghien Cu Moi Trng Trong Cong Tac Quan Tr Cua Nha Doanh Nghiep ? 1. Moi trng hoat ong cua to chc : Moi trng la khai niem dung e ch cac yeu to, cac lc lng, cac the che ton tai ben ngoai cua to chc ma cac nha quan tr kho hoac khong kiem soat c chung nhng chung lai anh hng en hoat ong va ket qua hoat ong cua to chc. Muc ch cua viec nghien cu moi trng la e giup nhng nha quan tr co the nhan dien c nhng c hoi va cac moi e doa ma moi trng co the em lai cho to chc. 2. Phan loai : Gom : _ Moi trng v mo (moi trng tong quat) _ Moi trng vi mo (moi trng ac thu) 3. Moi trng v mo : * ac iem : _ Cac yeu to cua moi trng v mo thng tac ong 1 cach gian tiep en hoat ong va ket qua hoat ong cua to chc. _ Cac to chc hoat ong trong lnh vc khac nhau co the co chung 1 moi trng v mo, cho nen ngi ta hay goi moi trng nay la moi trng tong quat. _ Cac yeu to cua moi trng v mo co moi quan he tng tac vi nhau e cung tac ong len 1 to chc. * Cac yeu to c ban : _ Kinh te (la yeu to quan trong nhat) _ Chnh tr chnh phu _ Xa hoi dan c _ T nhien _ Ky thuat cong nghe 4. Moi trng vi mo : * ac iem : _ Cac yeu to cua moi trng vi mo thng tac ong 1 cach trc tiep en hoat ong vaa ket qua hoat ong cua to chc. _ Moi 1 to chc dng nh co 1 moi trng vi mo ac thu cua mnh. _ Cac yeu to cua moi trng vi mo thng n le tac ong en moi to chc.

* Cac yeu to c ban : _ oi thu canh tranh _ Khach hang _ Ngi cung cap _ oi thu tiem an _ San pham thay the _ Cac nhom ap lc 5. Y ngha nghien cu : _ Nhom cac yeu to moi trng v mo la nhng yeu to ben ngoai co tac ong gian tiep en DN. Mac du khong tac ong trc tiep en hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh cua DN, nhng moi khi co s bien oi ve nhan khau, ve thu nhap dan c, c s ha tang hay s ra i cua 1 cong nghe mi.eu co nhng tac ong day chuyen en DN. ong thi s khan hiem hay doi dao tai nguyen, s ci m hay bao thu cua luat phap eu la nhng yeu to ma nha quan tr phai quan tam khi ra quyet nh quan tr. _ Nhom cac yeu to moi trng vi mo luon co nhng tac ong trc tiep en s ton tai cua DN, bi 1 DN se khong the ton tai c neu khong co ngi tieu thu san pham, ngi cung cap nguyen vat lieu hay khong duy tr c v the canh tranh so vi oi thu. ong thi thong qua viec bao ve quyen li rieng, cac nhom co quyen li trong QN luon tm cach tac ong trc tiep en cac quyet nh QT. Them vao o, s can thiep cua cac c quan Chnh phu nham duy tr hieu lc cua luat phap se co nhng tac ong nhat nh, tham ch co the lam cho DN phai ong ca. _ Nh vay, tat ca cac yeu to tren tac ong vao DN du di hnh thc trc tiep hay gian tiep eu em lai nhng he qua nhat nh oi vi hoat ong QT. Mac khac cac yeu to nay luon luon bien oi khong ngng, do o oi hoi cac nha quan tr phai co s sang tao trong moi quyet nh quan tr.

Cau 8 : Chc Nang Va Yeu Cau oi Vi Quyet nh QT ? Tam Quan Trong Cac Yeu Cau Co Thay oi Theo Loai Quyet nh QT ? 1. Chc nang : a. Chc nang nh hng : Quyet nh QT thc hien chc nang nh hng khi no quyet nh phng hng phat trien trong tng lai cua to chc b. Chc nang am bao : Quyet nh QT thc hien chc nang QT khi no xac nh cac nguon lc can thiet cho viec thc hien muc tieu a nh cua to chc. c. Chc nang phoi hp : Quyet nh QT thc hien chc nang phoi hp khi no rang buoc cac bo phan trong to chc ve mat thi gian va khong gian. 2. Yeu cau : _ Quyet nh QT phai co can c khoa hoc, tc la phai ap ng cac yeu cau cua cac qui luat khach quan va co 1 lng thong tin ay u, chnh xac. _ Quyet nh QT phai am bao tnh thong nhat e tranh tnh trang mau thuan hoac triet tieu nhau cua cac quyet nh. _ Quyet nh phai ung tham quyen, tc la quyen han en au phai ra quyet nh trong gii han cua quyen hanh. _ Cac quyet nh phai co nh hng. _ Cac quyet nh QT phai that cu the ve thi gian, ac biet la cac quyet nh co tnh chat day chuyen cong nghe. _ Quyet nh QT phai kp thi. 3. Tam quan trong cac yeu cau co thay oi theo loai quyet nh QT :

Cau 9 : Neu Va Phan Tch Cac Bc Cua Qua Trnh Ra Quyet nh. Cho V Du. Qua V Du Cho Biet Bc Nao Quan Trong Nhat Anh Hng en Chat Lng Quyet nh. * Bc 1 : Nhan dien va xac nh van e : Neu ngi ra quyet nh khong nhan thc ve van e va nguyen nhan cua chung 1 cach ung an th khong the a ra nhng quyet nh ung an. Co 3 ky nang nhan thc : _ Nhan dien : theo doi va ghi chep ve tat ca moi anh hng cua noi bo va moi trng ben ngoai, e quyet nh lc lng nao la van e can giai quyet. _ Lam sang to : anh gia tac lc a c nhan biet va xac nh ro nguyen nhan thc s cua van e. _ Hp nhat : lien ket nhng hieu biet cua mnh vi muc tieu hien tai hay tng lai cua to chc. Neu 3 ky nang nay khong c thc hien 1 cach ung an khi nhan dien van e, th ngi giai quyet se chon sai giai phap. * Bc 2 : Xac nh muc tieu : at ra nhng muc tieu cu the e loai bo van e. Trong tnh trang khong chac chan viec thiet lap nhng muc tieu chnh xac la rat kho khan. Do o, ngi ra quyet nh phai a ra nhieu muc tieu khac nhau e anh gia va so sanh, chon ra muc tieu hp ly nhat. * Bc 3 : e xuat cac giai phap khac nhau : Phai e xuat nhieu giai phap khac nhau e thc hien 1 muc tieu thu thap them thong tin, t duy sang tao, tham khao y kien cac chuyen gia, tien hanh hoat ong nghien cu * Bc 4 : So sanh va anh gia cac giai phap Tien hanh so sanh va anh gia: tap trung xem xet nhng ket qua mong i va nhng chi ph lien quan cua 1 giai phap. * Bc 5 : La chon giai phap thch hp Ra quyet nh thng gan lien vi viec a ra s chon la cuoi cung. Tuy nhien, ay ch la 1 bc trong toan bo qua trnh ra quyet nh. Song thc te cho thay, nhieu nha quan tr thng ch a ra 1 giai phap cho moi phng an kinh doanh hay d an , do o, ch co the chap nhan hay t choi s la chon c a ra. * Bc 6 : To chc thc hien giai phap a c chon

Chon c giai phap thch hp khong phai a am bao thanh cong ma con oi hoi to chc thc hien chu ao giai phap a c chon. * Bc 7 : anh gia, kiem tra Phai tien hanh kiem tra trong suot qua trnh thc hien giai phap e so sanh ket qua at c vi muc tieu mong muon. Neu viec thc hien khong at ket qua ch i, th can co nhng tac ong can thiet. ong thi, cac yeu to cua moi trng luon tac ong khong ngng, do o cac nha quan tr phai luon anh gia lai van e. Neu tnh hnh co thay oi so vi ban au th can tiep tuc tien hanh 1 qua trnh mi.

Cau 10 : Muc Tieu Co Vai Tro Nh The Nao Trong Cong Tac Hoach nh, Cong Tac Quan Tr ? _ Muc tieu nen tang cua hoach nh _ Muc tieu thng la nhng moc cu the, linh hoat, phat trien tng bc hng en muc tieu lau dai cua to chc. _ Muc tieu quan tr la nhng trang thai mong i co the co va can phai co bi he thong quan tr tai 1 thi iem hoac sau 1 thi gian nhat nh. _ Vai tro cua muc tieu quan tr the hien 2 mat : + Mat tnh tai : khi xac nh cu the cac muc tieu ma to chc theo uoi, at chung lam nen tang cua hoach nh, nham xay dng he thong quan tr . + Mat ong: khi hng en muc ch chien lc lau dai cua to chc. Muc ch quan tr khong con la nhng iem moc co nh, ma phat trien ket qua mong i ngay cang cao hn tren c s xem xet cac nguon lc hien co hoac se co cua to chc. Vi tnh cach ong nay cac muc tieu gi vai tro het sc quan trong oi vi cac tien trnh quan tr, quyet nh toan bo dien bien cua tien trnh nay.

Cau 11 : Anh (Ch) Hieu Nh The Nao Ve Ke Hoach Tieu Chuan Va Ke Hoach Chuyen Biet ? Tac Dung, Hoan Canh Ap Dung ? Ke hoach tieu chuan va ke hoach chuyen biet ( hay hoach nh chien lc va hoach nh tac nghiep ) _ Ke hoach tieu chuan (hoach nh chien lc) : la hoach nh nham trien khai cac chien lc thc hien trong pham vi toan bo to chc. Vai tro hoach nh chien lc do cac nha quan tr cap cao am nhiem. Trong qua trnh hoach nh chien lc, thi han co the t vai nam tr len, cong viec cua nha quan tr cap cao la nhan nh tnh hnh chung, xac nh muc ch va triet ly kinh doanh cua to chc, t o e ra cac chnh sach cho to chc. Tac dung xac nh muc tieu va phng hng thc hien muc tieu o cua to chc, co s nh gia DN 1 cach toan dien, t o xay dng va trien khai cac chien lc phat trien lau dai trong tng lai, ch ro nhng hoach nh se c tien hanh e at c muc tieu a e ra. _ Ke hoach chuyen biet (hoach nh tac nghiep) : la nhng hoach nh lien quan en viec trien khai cac chien lc cho tng bo phan trong nhng tnh huong cu the va nhng thi gian ngan, co the la hang ngay, hang tuan hay hang thang. Hoach nh tac nghiep do cac nha quan tr cap di tien hanh. Noi dung chu yeu la nh ra nhng chng trnh hoat ong ngan, s dung cac nguon lc a c phan bo e hoan thanh cac nhiem vu a c e ra. Tien hanh hoach nh chien lc gom cac ke hoach 1 lan va cac ke hoach thng xuyen. Tac dung : Muc ch cua hoach nh tac nghiep la e thc hien cac chien lc, hoan thanh nhiem vu a e ra, trien khai kp thi cac chng trnh hanh ong giup to chc co the thch nghi vi s thay oi.

Cau 12 : Cho Biet Tac Dung Cua Cong Tac To Chc Va Moi Lien He Cua Chc Nang Nay oi Vi Cong Tac Hoach nh ? * Tac dung cua cong tac to chc : _ La chc nang quan tr co lien quan en cac hoat ong nham cu the hoa muc tieu nhiem vu thanh nhng cong viec c chuyen mon hoa, tao dng nen cac bo phan chc nang e thc hien nhng cong viec nay. _ Xay dng moi quan he, moi lien he va quyen han, trach nhiem va quyen li gia cac bo phan nay e tao nen 1 moi trng noi bo thuan li cho viec thc hien muc tieu chung cua to chc, ngha la moi ca nhan, moi bo phan phat huy c nang lc va nhiet tnh cua mnh, ong gop tot nhat vao viec hoan thanh muc tieu chung cua to chc. _ Khi cong tac to chc c thc hien tot th hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh mi thuan li va at hieu qua cao. * Moi lien he vi cong tac hoach nh : _ Cong tac hoach nh tao tien e cho chc nang to chc thc hien. Cong tac to chc cu the hoa cac muc tieu a c e ra trong hoach nh thanh nhng cong viec chuyen mon hoa, t o xay dng cac bo phan chc nang thc hien nhng cong viec nay. _ Bo may cua doanh nghiep phai luon phu hp vi muc tieu. Bo may ch c xay dng khi to chc a co nhiem vu ro rang, ngha la cong tac hoach nh phai c thc hien tot th mi co the thc hien tot chc nang to chc. _ Cong tac to chc ngc lai anh hng rat nhieu en cong tac hoach nh. Neu cong tac to chc khong thc hien tot, viec thc hien muc tieu cua to chc, co the gap kho khan trong viec e ra chien lc va cac ke hoach tac nghiep, ket qua thc hien muc tieu khong at nh mong muon.

Cau 13 : Cho Biet Noi Dung Thuyet X.Y Cua Mc Gregor, S Phe Phan Cua Cac Nha Quan Tr oi Vi Thuyet Nay. Noi dung : Con ngi co 2 ban chat X va Y _ Ngi co ban chat X khong thch lam viec, li bieng trong cong viec, khong a chu trach nhiem ch lam viec khi c ra lenh va c kiem tra trc tiep. oi vi ngi co ban chat X, nha quan tr nen nhan manh cac yeu to kch thch bang vat chat, giao viec cu the, thng xuyen on oc kiem tra. _ Ngi co ban chat Y la ngi ham thch cong viec, co tinh than trach nhiem va kha nang sang tao. oi vi ngi co ban chat Y, nha quan tr can ong vien bang cach giao trach nhiem, ton trong sang kien cua ho, tao ieu kien e ho phat huy nang lc, noi cach khac, nha quan tr can ong vien ho ve mat tinh than la chu yeu. * S phe phan cua cac nha quan tr oi vi trng phai nay : Trong ly thuyet Z cua William Ouchi (Nhat) cho rang thc te khong co NL nao hoan toan thuoc ve ban chat X hay Y. ieu ma Mc Gregor e cap chnh la thai o L cua con ngi, tuy thuoc vao cach ho c oi x trong thc te. Moi NL eu co the lam viec tot neu c tham gia vao cac quyet nh, c quan tam en nhu cau.