NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

I - NH HNG CA HOT NG XY DNG N MI TRNG TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG D N XY DNG CNG TRNH GIAO THNG NG B. Trong qu trnh thc hin D n, vic gii to, san i mt bng, vn chuyn vt liu, xy dng cng trnh s c nhng tc ng nh hng n mi trng. nh gi cc yu t tc ng n mi trng ca d n l vic lm cn thit xc nh mc nh hng, a ra cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu v x l nhim mi trng, hn ch cc tc ng tiu cc. Giai on xy dng c khi lng cng vic kh ln vi cc hot ng no vt bc lp t mt, p nn, ng cc, o h mng, vn chuyn tp kt nguyn vt liu, thi cng xy dng v thi u c th to ra cc ngun gy nhim mi trng: Bi, kh thi, ting n, cht thi rn nh gi c th cc tc ng ca giai on thi cng cng trnh giao thng ng b n mi trng nh sau: ( Da trn bo co TM d n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng ): 1. 1.1. Tc ng n yu t mi trng vt l: Cht lng khng kh:

Cht lng khng kh thng l mt vn mi trng c xem l rt quan trng i vi khu vc dn c, cc khu thng mi hai bn ng, c bit trong cc khu th; cc trung tm kinh t x hi c mt xy dng ln. Giai on thi cng s gy nn mt s tc ng n mi trng khng kh do pht sinh cc yu t nhim sau: + Bi: Do cc hot ng san i, lu m mt bng, o t, p nn, vn chuyn vt liu. Bi b cun ln t ng giao thng do phng tin, gi thi qua bi cha vt liu xy dng nh xi mng, t ct

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG (Trong d n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng s phi thi cng o p v vn chuyn mt khi lng t khng l: +) p: 18.155.329,26 m3 t +) o v vn chuyn i :3.033.897,84 m3 t yu Trung bnh khi s dng 1m3 t o p nn trong iu kin kh hu bnh thng s sinh ra 1,5 kg bi, trong c 0,15kg bi l lng, Nh vy vi mt lng t p 18.155.329,26 m3nh trong D n s sinh ra 27.858 tn bi, trong c 2.785,8 tn bi l lng. Lng bi cn tng cao hn do cc c hng trm cc phng tin vn ti c ln ng thi hot ng trn ton tuyn Trong giai on thi cng s i hi mt lng b tng ln bao gm b tng asphalt v b tng xi mng. p ng iu ny s phi b tr mt lot cc trm b tng theo m ti cc v tr gn cc nt giao ln . Hot ng ca cc trm ny v cc hot ng c lin quan trn cng trng lun to mt lng bi v kh c c th lm suy gim cht lng khng kh. nhim bi trong giai on thi cng l nghim trng, cn c cc bin php gim tc ng ny xung mc thp nht.)

+ Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn ti, my mc thi cng, t nha ng... cha bi, cc kh: SO2, CO2, CO, NOx, THC, hp cht ch t khi xng du. + nhim khng kh do t cc cht thi c cha du m, ha cht (ti nilon, cao su, nha, gi du, cht hu c hoc mt s cht thi sinh hot .khi t ngoi tri sinh ra kh c dioxin gy nguy hi cho ngi v h sinh thi). + nhim khng kh t cc khu vc t nha ng. 1.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc Mi trng nc mt:

Mi s hot ng ca qu trnh thi cng trn cng trng c th ni u c th trc tip hoc gin tip tc ng ti mi trng nc. Vn quan tm trc tin l x l cht thi t cc khu ln tri thi cng, trnh x trc tip cht thi vo ngun nc. Cc hot ng thi cng lm xo ng mt t, bin i a hnh, vic o p lm rnh, to cc taluy u trc tip lm bin i ch dng chy v cht lng nc.
( Trong d n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng : + nhim ngun nc do cht hu c v cht thi rn:

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG - Cht thi hu c: Trong thi cng, s c nhng khu vc lu gi cht thi (t hu c, t do o v ph d) v vt liu. Tnh trng xi di dng ra tri t ph khi c ma ln c th xy ra. Theo tnh ton, D n thc hin p khong 18 triu m 3ct v t, o khong 1,75 triu m3t khng thch hp. Nh vy tng lng o p khong 20 triu m3. Nu c tnh 0,2% khi lng t o p c chuyn thnh bn ct l lng, th lng bn ct l lng to ra khong 4.000 tn. Lng bn ct l lng cn c gia tng thm do c tng cng nc ma chy trn. Chnh v vy c ca nc trong sng s tng mnh vo nhng nm thi cng. Dng bn ct c chuyn vo trng thi l lng gy c nc sng, lm gim cht lng ngun nc. Ngoi ra, nc thi sinh hot ca nhng cng nhn lm vic trn sng ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD) v cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh thi xung sng gy nhim mi trng nc.. Tuy nhin, do trong khu vc D n ngun nc mt rt phong ph, kh nng pha long v t lm sch ln nn mc tc ng c hi c gim i ng k. - Cht thi rn: Theo c tnh, mi cn b cng nhn vin lm vic ti khu vc D n thi ra t 0,3 0,5 kg rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. Lng rc thi sinh hot ca khong 400 lao ng hng ngy c tnh: 400 ngi/ngy x 0,4 kg/ngi = 160 kg/ ngy. Mc d khi lng rc thi rn sinh hot nh, nhng nu khng c bin php thu gom mang vo b x l m thi xung sng th sau 2 nm thi cng s xy ra hin tng tch t cc cht khng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc nh nha, thy tinh, bao b kim loi ti on sng ca D n. Bao b nha s cun vo chn vt ca cc tu nh gy ch tc, s c cho hot ng tu thuyn. + nhim do Du thi: Trong khun kh D n, nhim du gy ra bi hai ngun chnh: t phng tin thi cng mng tr cu (ti cc a im xy dng cu) v cc thit b thi cng c s dng nhin liu nh xe chuyn vt liu, my xc, my i, my san nn, nha, trn b tng...Trong qu trnh hot ng chng s lm tht thot r r mt lng du nht nh. Lng r r du m s rt kh thu gom x l v th chng c th gy nhim ngun nc sng, nhim t. Khi thi cng m v tr cu phi s dng cc phng tin thu (nh s lan, tu ko...) Ngoi lng du r r theo chn vt, cc cht thi cha du khng qun l v thu gom s l ngun gy nhim du ng k cho sng cc knh mng ti tiu. Nc sng b nhim du s khng ch nh hng n h sinh thi trong khu vc D n m cn nh hng n h sinh thi mi trng. Tuy nhin cc yu t gy nhim nc trong thi gian thi cng ch mang tnh tm thi do kh nng t lm sch ca nc rt cao nn sau khi kt thc cng vic thi cng chng 6 thng n 1 nm, cht lng nc s dn dn tr li trng thi cn bng ban u. Cc tc ng c hi do nhim du trong thi gian thi cng l khng ln khi c cc bin php gim thiu hp l ).

Mi trng nc ngm:

Cc nguyn nhn c bn tc ng n cht lng ngun nc ngm trong qu trnh thi cng, xy dng c th nh sau:

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

+ Nc mt l ngun cung cp nc c bn cho nc ngm, v th s nhim nc mt s dn n nhim cc tng nc ngm. + Qu trnh thi cng ng cc, khoan, o h xy dng mng v tr cu gy thng tng t mt lm cho c s trao i trc tip gia nc mt b nhim v nc ngm, gy nhim tng nc ngm. + i vi cc tng nc ngm nng, vic o p, san i mt bng s lm cho cc mch nc ngm b l ra, nc mt v nc ma cha cht nhim xm nhp vo tng nc ngm gy nn s nhim tng nc ngm. S thay i ca h thng cc dng chy lm bin i quy lut dng chy ko theo l mc nc ngm c th b h thp hoc nng cao tu theo qu trnh bin i ca h thng dng chy mt cng l mt nguyn nhn dn ti s thay i cht lng v lu lng ca cc tng nc.
1.3.

Tc ng n mi trng t

Tc ng n mi trng t do cht thi rn:Trong giai on xy dng, mt lng ln cht thi rn c sinh ra: Vt liu xy dng b thi b: gch ngi, t ct, ph liu st thp Nhng ngun ny nu khng c thu gom, x l m thi ba bi ra xung quanh s l ngun gy nhim mi trng, lm mt cnh quan khu vc. Ngoi ra nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn cha t ct, bn thi, du m nu chy trc tip xung t lm suy gim cht lng t, nng sut cy trng. Vic xy dng con ng mi c th lm thay i mc nc ngm l c hi cung cp cc nguyn t ha hc khng mong mun nh Al, Fe v mang i cc hp phn kim v kim th, phn hy cht mn gim hot ng cc vi sinh vt trong t, gim ph ca t gy nguy c suy thoi t. Khu x l t ph thi nu khng c kim sot cht ch s gy hu qu khng tt ti t trng trt c bit l cc loi

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

ct si, va b tng, nc thi ca cc trm trn b tng c kim cao v cha cn lng xi mng s lm suy thoi t . Hu qu ca cc tc ng trn s lm thay i c tnh c l ca t nh chai cng, kt vn. Lm thay i c im ha hc nh chua ha, t b nhim c cc kim loi nng..lm cho t b suy thoi v gim kh nng canh tc. . Nhn chung tc ng ca D n ti mi trng t l khng ln; tuy nhin cng cn c bin php gim thiu tc ng ny.
1.4.

Tc ng ca ting n v rung: Tc ng ca ting n:

Cc ngun gy n bao gm: Xe ti nng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng, cc thit b, my mc xy dng, trm trn b tng, my ng cc, hot ng i t, my pht in.

Mc n trong cc hot ng xy dng c bit c nh gi nh sau: a) Cc hot ng trn b tng: Mc n ln nht ti v tr cch trm trn b tng 15m l 90 dBA, trong iu kin khng c vt che chn; mc n ti khong cch xa gp i b gim 6 dBA so vi mc n trc . V vy, mc n ti v tr cch trm trn b tng 30m, 60m, 120m tng ng s l 84 dBA, 78 dBA v 72 dBA. b) Cc hot ng ng cc: Hot ng ng cc c th to nn ting n vt qu 105 dBA trong phm vi15m tnh t ngun gy n. . c) Cc hot ng o p t, san lp mt bng: o t v san lp mt bng, cn c mt s my mc thit b nh my xc, my i, my ko, my san v t ti. Cc my mc thit b ny c th to nn mc n 90 dBA khong cch 15 m. Nu chng cng hot ng th mc n s c cng hng, v d 6 my cng lm vic c th gy mc n 97 - 98 dBA. d) My pht in: Mc n to nn t cc my pht in c th t 82 dBA ti v tr cch xa 15 m. Nh vy, mc n ln nht khong cch 60 m s khong 70 dBA.

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

Trong khu vc xy dng, cc my mc s to ra ting n cao, gy nn nhng tc ng tiu cc i vi n sc khe ca cng nhn lm vic gn bn my pht in Tc ng ny c nh gi l cc tc ng gy bt li nhng ch mang tnh a phng v tm thi do mc n cao c th gim nhanh chng trong khong cch ngn ti cc khu dn c. Tc ng ca rung:

Vic s dng cc xe ti nng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng v cc thit b, my mc xy dng nh xe lu, m, cn cu... s khng ch gy nhim ting n m cn gy ra rung ng k ti khu vc thi cng cng nh cc vng ln cn trong giai on xy dng cu v ng. . + Cc tm lin kt c chiu di 5-7,5m vi mt ct hnh ch U c ng n su cn thit to thnh tm panel thp lin kt vi nhau. Mt ba my 8 tn vi cng sut u vo khong 80KJ c th gy chn ng 12,9mm/s2 c ly 10m. + ng cc vo lp t bn vi xung nng u khong 30KJ c th gy chn ng 4,3mm/s2 c ly 10m. + My ba diesel hot ng trn lp t st c th gy chn ng 7mm/s2 c ly 10m. Trong qu trnh xy dng cu th ng cc v chuyn ch vt liu l hai ngun gy chn ng chnh. Nh vy vi khong cch t 100m tr ln, tc ng do rung ca cc hot ng n cc khu dn c l khng ng k.

1.5.

Tc ng ca xy dng cu

- My mc thi cng hot ng khu vc st mp nc s gy nhiu lon dng nc b sng. - Vic ph d lp cy c v lp t mu s lm mt thm thc vt, tri cc trm tch v cc cht hu c xung nc, gy nhiu lon dng chy, tc nghn dng chy nh hng ti cc thy sinh vt, gy thit hi ti nguyn thy sn.

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

- Vic n mn di nc s gy mt n nh trong mt ct ca dng nc, to ra cc mnh vn v cc ht trm tch, gy hi cho loi thy sinh vt. - Vic lm quai c th gy xi l, lng ng. - Cht thi trong qu trnh thi cng ri xung gy tc nghn, nhim dng nc, gy hi ti cc loi thy sinh vt ( mnh vn, xi mng, va, xng du - Vic o hm xy dng hm cu ng b s gy ra chn ng, nh hng n nc ngm, gy nhim khng kh trong hm v d xy ra tai nn laao ng.
( D n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng: Vi phng n la chn l phng n 2 th tng s cu phi xy dng l 30 cu bao gm: 9 cu ln, 21 cu trung, phng n thi cng xy dng tr v m cu l phng n cc khoan nhi. Trng hp cc khoan nhi: Cng ngh ca cc khoan nhi l mt trong nhng cng ngh thng c p dng trong vic thi cng mng v tr cu ca cc cng trnh giao thng. Vi cng ngh ny th kh nng xm nhp nc mt vo cc mch nc ngm cc l khoan rt ln. y l mt tc ng khng th trnh khi i vi vic thi cng cc cc khoan nhi lm mng, tr cu. Con ng vt qua 06 con sng ln l: Sng Bc Hng Hi, sng Thi Bnh, sng Thanh Hng, sng Vn c, sng a , sng Lch Tray vic o p ng cc xy dng cu cng nh hng rt ln ti ch dng chy mt, gy qu trnh xi mn st l lm tng t ngt c ca dng nc. c ca h thng nc mt chu nh hng nhiu nht, ti nhng ni gn dng chy hoc ti cng trng thi cng cu, c c th tng cao ti hn 10 ln so vi bnh thng. c ln ti mc c th tiu dit ton b cc loi ng vt sng di lp bn y. Vo ma ma l, c mt vng rng ln pha h lu cng s b nh hng bi c ny. Trong qu trnh hot ng xy dng cc cu qua sng s lm tht thot r r mt lng du m nht nh t cc thit b nh: xe chuyn t, my xc i, my san nn ng, nha ng, my ng cc, x lan... Lng r r du m rt kh thu gom x l, chng s ngm xung theo cc tng thm nc d gy nn nhim nc ngm trong qu trnh thi cng, nht l trong thi cng cc cu ln vt cc sng cc sng Bc Hng Hi, Thi Bnh, Vn c, Lch Tray. Tc ng ny cn c cc bin php gim thiu ph hp ).
1.6.

ng ngp hoc ng nc

Vng thc hin D n c ch thu vn ph thuc vo c im thu vn ca h thng sng Hng v sng Thi Bnh. Tuy cc h thng thu nng ngy cng c nng cp v hon thin (h thng Bc Hng Hi), nhng nu ma ln ko di khu vc vn xy ra l (ngp ng) ni ng nh cc nm 1984, 1985, 1994 on km0 km65; nm 1975, 1978, 1990 on km 65 km72; nm 1978, 1990 on km75 km95. Nh vy, c th ni rng khu vc nghin cu l vng vn cn nguy c ngp ng. c bit khi xut hin nhng trn ma ln ko di.

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG Vic xy dng mt tuyn ng hon ton mi, cao hn hn so vi ban u di hn 105 km, chy qua cc con sng ln c kh nng tiu thot nc cho H Ni, Hng Yn, Hi Dng, ng thi chy qua nhiu knh mng v cc h m lm hn ch kh nng tiu thot nc mang tnh cht cc b cho cc khu vc. Vic nng cao mt ng, vic chn dng chy t nhin san lp mt bng m tuyn vn chuyn vt liu, vic xy dng cc cu, cng vt sng, knh lm thu hp dng chy t nhin, s l nhng nguyn nhn gy ngp ng, ng nc. H qu ca n l lm thay i din tch ngp nc, thi gian ngp ng v cng l nguyn nhn to ra khu vc cha nc mi dn theo hng lot nhng s thay i nh gy snh ly t, gleiha t, mn ha t v mt din tch canh tc, gy nhim mi trng nc, t vtrm tch. Tc ng gy ngp ng l nghim trng, cn c cc bin php gim thiu hu hiu.

2. 2.1.

Tc ng n h sinh thi: H sinh thi di nc:

Hot ng xy dng lm gim cht lng ngun nc mt, t gy nh hng xu n s sinh trng v pht trin ca cc loi ng thc vt thy sinh cng nh lm nh hng xu n sc khe ca ngi dn trong khu vc D n. 2.2. H sinh thi trn cn:

Ph hy hoc gy thit hi cho h thc vt, ng vt, c bit gy nh hng ti h sinh thi nhy cm, cc loi ng, thc vt ang b e da tuyt dit
(Trong D n: Cc yu t b tc ng gm cc h ng thc vt nh: Mt mt s din tch cy trng v cy n qu trong cc khu dn c, Mt thm thc vt gm cc loi cy trng trn t nng nghip - Lm nh hng ti vng sng v vng hot ng ca mt s nhm, - Lm nh hng ti ni kim n v ngun thc n ca mt s nhm, - Lm nhim mi trng sng ca mt s loi, D n thc hin trong khu vc c h sinh thi nng nghip l ch yu, ng thcvt gm cy trng vt nui l chnh do vy tc ng ca d n ti chng l khng ng k)

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

3.

Tc ng cc gi tr s dng ca con ngi:

3.1. Hot ng kinh t : D n tuyn ng chim dng mt s din tch t s dng cho pht trin kinh t nng nghip. S tp trung mt lng ln vt liu, phng tin, xe, my v nhn lc thi cng tuyn ng khng nhng gy nhim khng kh, nc v t lm nh hng ti s pht trin ca cy ci m cn lm cn tr cc hot ng sn xut, chm sc v thu hoch cy. Ngha l, hot ng nng nghip s b nh hng trong qu trnh thi cng tuyn ng. Vic thi cng cc nt giao thng ca tuyn s lm nh hng n hot ng lu thng xe trn cc tuyn ng nm trong khu vc thi cng. 3.2. Chia ct Tuyn ng D n ct qua 12 qun huyn v 37 x. Hot ng thi cng nhng khu vc ny thng gy c tch giao thng. Hn na s xut hin ca con ng cao trung bnh 3m s tch i cng ng dn c, quan h lng xm, tnh cht cng ng s khng cn c gn b nh trc. Nhiu h dn chu tc ng trc tip b chim dng t v nh , ngoi ra cc h dn gn ng chu nhiu tc ng khc trong giai on thi cng. S tch bit gia mt b phn dn c vi trng hc v vi ng rung do s xut hin ca con ng s nh hng n s i li ca hc sinh ti trng, ca nhn dn i lm ng cng nh mi sinh hot khc ca ngi dn. Tc ng ny cn c cc bin php gim thiu. 3.3. Mt ngun sng Vi din tch chim dng l 10.145.388 m2 t nng nghip v t mt nc s c mt b phn ngi dn b mt t canh tc, mt ngun sng buc phi chuyn sang lm ngh khc.

4.
4.1.

Tc ng n cht lng cuc sng: Di tch lch s vn ha:

Hot ng thi cng s ln t, gy nh hng n cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s gn ng giao thng.

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

( D n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng: Mc d c nhiu di tch, n v cha

nm dc tuyn nhng ch nm gn ch gii gii phng mt bng nn hu nh khng c tc ng ).

4.2. Sc khe ca ngi dn v cng nhn: - Cht lng cuc sng ca dn c v ca cng nhn cc t im ng dn c b nh hng do bi, ting n, rung v c th cn c kh c pht thi t cc thit b thi cng. - Cc khu ln, tri tm ca cng nhn s l ni c tr, sinh sn do cc loi vi khun gy bnh, tng kh nng truyn bnh gia cng nhn v dn c a phng. - Ngoi ra c th pht sinh cc t nn x hi; tnh hnh an ninh trt t, v sinh mi trng khng m bo do tp trung mt lng ln cng nhn. - S tp trung mt lng xe ln thi cng: Nh my xc, xe san gt, xe ln ng, xe tri nha.v c bit l mt lng ln xe ti vn chuyn ph thi v vt liu lm ng, t nguy c tai nn s tng do tp trung qu nhiu xe, c bit l nhng khu vc dn c. 4.3. Cnh quan t nhin: Vic o v lp t, vic khai thc , ti nhng ni c phong cnh p s ph v cnh quan, a hnh, a mo. Tuy nhin nh hng ca D n v vn cnh quan l khng ln do s c khc phc sau khi hot ng xy dng cng trnh hon thnh v a vo khai thc. II CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NH HNG CA HOT NG XY DNG N MI TRNG TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG D N XY DNG CNG TRNH GIAO THNG NG B. 1. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh: Lp k hoch v bin php c th i vi nhng xe vn chuyn t nhm hn ch pht thi bi trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lm nn. Ti nc thng xuyn b mt thi cng vo ma kh c bit ti cc on ct qua khu dn c. Trong mi trng hp

Mi trng trong xy dng

10

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

cng trng thi cng phi c lm v sinh v gi c trng thi t nhin sau khi cng vic thi cng hon tt. Ch D n thng qua cc iu khon hp ng kinh t buc cc n v tham gia xy dng phi s dng xe my v cc thit b xy dng t TCVN v lng kh c x thi.Thc hin ch gim st v kim tra thng xuyn v cht ch trong sut giai on thi cng....Khuyn khch s dng cc thit b tiu chun t gy nh hng n mi trng, t pht thi khi, kh c v gy n nh. Cc tuyn ng chuyn ch phi c phun nc v hn ch ti a vic lm ri vi vt liu. Cc xe chuyn ch vt liu phi c bt che ph kn. Trm trn b tng nha s b tr ni rng ri, thong gi cch xa nhng khu dn c v tin ng giao thng. Cc thit b my mc khc nh: my nghin , trm trn b tng di ng phi c h thng gim bi cc b mi c hot ng. Vt liu d tha hoc ph thi ti cc trm trn b tng phi c thu gom chuyn n ni chn lp c quy nh, c s ng ca a phng. B tr ni un nu nha ng cui chiu gi ch o v xa khu dn c (ti thiu xa 150m). Tuyt i khng dng ci g v cao su un nha ng. 2. Cc bin php thiu ting n v rung: Xe c gii, xe ti nng, thit b thi cng m D n s dng s c cc c quan chc nng kim tra v pht thi m bo tiu chun Vit Nam v mc n giao thng. Tnh ton t cc thit b thi cng nhng v tr sao cho ti cc khu dn c, cc c s vn ho - hnh chnh nm gn khu vc D n, gi tr mc n phi nh hn gii hn cho php. Trong trng hp kh nng ny khng thc hin c, s s dng tm chn n (i vi cng trng thi cng). Gim thiu tc ng ca ting n vo ban m. i vi cc trm trn b tng m bo vic ct, , si v cc thng cha c tin hnh lc ban ngy, xp d hng xe ti, vic trn va v bm va cn tin hnh vo gi lm vic ban ngy hoc cch xa khu dn c.
3.

Cc bin php gim thiu nhim nc :

11

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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

m bo cht lng nc ca cc con sng v knh mng, trong qu trnh thi cng ch D n s bt buc cc nh thu phi thc hin nhim v bo v mi trng nc (c th hin trong cc hp ng): - Khng cht thi rn (cht thi xy dng, ct, ...) v cht thi du cn ca thit b xung dng chy; mi loi cht thi phi c thu gom, phn loi v chuyn n v tr thi theo qui nh. - Cc vt liu thi ra cng c coi nh cht thi rn do s c chuyn n nhng ni qui nh theo hng dn ca k s hin trng sau khi c s ng ca chnh quyn a phng. phng nga v gim thiu cc ngun gy nhim du t cng trng thi cng, t cc thit b thi cng v t cc trm nhin liu, cc phng n xut bao gm: - V tr tp trung thit b thi cng xa sng v cc m ao trnh cho du thi thm nhp trc tip vo ngun nc do dng nc chy trn. - Cc ph thi cha du u c thu gom, x l v chn lp xa ngun nc. - Khi thi cng m tr cu, cn du thi s c thu gom chuyn n ni chn lp theo s hng dn ca k s hin trng sau khi thng nht vi a phng ni cc cht thi. - Khng chn v tr t kho nhin liu gn b sng, nhin liu s c lu kho ti nhng khu vc c nh gi l an ton v xa ngun nc t nht 200m. Lm sch v khi phc li v tr kho tr v tnh trng ban u.

Nhng vn nh hn ch lm c nc, ngn nga nhim nc, v tr kho bi, cng

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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

trng s c th hin trong cc hp ng vi cc nh thu nhm m bo mc tc ng ti ngun nc trong giai on thi cng l chp nhn c v khng li nhng nh hng lu di ti cht lng nc. Nc thi sinh hot ti cc khu ln tri cng nhn v cc vn phng qun l ca cc nh thu c thu gom v b t hoi chung ti mi khu. 4. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim cht thi rn:

Rc thi sinh hot s do cc nh thu chu trch nhim. Cc nh thu phi tho thun vi a phng thu gom v cc v tr chn lp rc thi rc thi sinh hot sao cho m bo v sinh mi trng khu vc cng trng, ln tri v mi trng xung quanh. Tuyt i khng nh hng n mi trng khu dn c. Cc nh thu phi c trch nhim thu gom rc thi v lin h tho thun vi a phng v a im chn lp v tp kt rc thi. 5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ti di tch vn ha lch s:

Cc bin php tuyn truyn, ph bin nhm nng cao thc ngi dn trong vic gi gn cc di tch vn ha lch s cn c trin khai rng. Cc bc tng chng n v h thng cy xanh xung quanh cc khu di tch vn ha lch s cn phi c thit lp. Trong trng hp tuyn ng thit k xm phm vo khu vc cc cng trnh phi c phng n lm ng vng trnh.
6.

Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn

sinh vt: Trong giai on vn hnh, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh cn thc hin cc chng trnh sau:

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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

+ Ph cp kin thc c bn v mi trng cho cc hc sinh v c dn trong khu vc nhm nng cao s hiu bit v mi trng cng nh thc gi gn v bo v mi trng. + T chc cc chng trnh mi trng cho dn a phng nhm gi gn mi trng tt trong khu vc + Kim tra nh k iu kin sng ca h thy sinh trong khu vc. + Duy tr, bo dng cc h thng mng rnh v knh thot nc. + Trng cy xanh v gi cc thm c t nhin.

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