THI OLYMPIC TON ANH QU C (Vng 2 - 2003)

1. V i m i s nguyn n > 1, k hi u p(n) l th a s nguyn t l n nh t c a n. Xc nh t t c cc b ba s nguyn dng phn bi t x, y, z th a (i) x, y, z l p thnh c p s c ng, v (ii) p(xyz) 3. 2. Cho tam gic ABC v D l m t i m thu c c nh AB sao cho AB = 4AD. Tia l xu t pht t D v cng pha v i C i v i c nh AB t o v i DA m t gc = ACB. Gi s ng trn ngo i ti p tam gic ABC c t l t i P , ch ng minh r ng P B = 2P D. 3. Gi s f : N N l m t php hon v c a t p cc s nguyn dng N. (i) Ch ng minh r ng t n t i m t c p s c ng cc s nguyn dng a, a + d, a + 2d, v i d > 0, sao cho f (a) < f (a + d) < f (a + 2d). (ii) C nh t thi t ph i t n t i m t c p s c ng cc s nguyn dng a, a + d, . . . , a + 2003d, v i d > 0, sao cho f (a) < f (a + d) < < f (a + 2003d)? [M t php hon v c a N l m t song nh t N vo N, t c l v i m i m N, t n t i duy nh t n N sao cho f (n) = m.] 4. Gi s f l m t hm t t p cc s nguyn khng m vo chnh n sao cho v i m i n 0 (i) (f (2n + 1))2 (f (2n))2 = 6f (n) + 1, v (ii) f (2n) f (n). C bao nhiu s nh hn 2003 trong nh c a f ?