CHUYN LUY N THI I H C GIO VIN : NGUY N MINH NHIN T 0976566882

M T S K NNG GI I PH NG TRNH L NG GIC

Trong cc thi i h c nh ng nm g n y , a s cc bi ton v gi i ph ng trnh l ng gic u
r i vo m t trong hai d ng :ph ng trnh a v d ng tch v ph ng trnh ch a n m u . Nh m
gip cc b n n thi c k t qu t t , bi vi t ny ti xin gi i thi u m t s k nng quan tr ng c a d ng
ton
I.PH NG TRNH A V D NG TCH
1, Ph ng trnh s d ng cc cng th c bi n i l ng gic : cng th c bi n tch thnh t ng, t ng thnh tch
, cng th c h b c ,
Bi 1. Gi i ph ng trnh : sinx+sin2x+sin3x+sin4x+sin5x+sin6x=0 (1)
Gi i
, ) , ) , ) , )
, )
1 sin 6x sin x sin5x sin 2x sin 4x sin3x 0
7x 5x x 3x 7x 3x
2sin cos cos cos 0 4sin cos 2cosx+1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
k2 7x
x sin 0
7 2
3x k2
cos 0 x ; k Z
2 3 3
2cosx+1 0 2
x k2
3
+ + + + + =
( | |
+ + = =
| (
\ .
t
= =


t t

= = + e


= t

= + t


*L u : Khi ghp c p ra t ng ( ho c hi u ) sin ( ho c cos ) c n n gc sao cho t ng ho c hi u
cc gc b ng nhau
Bi 2 . Gi i ph ng trnh :
3 3
2 3 2
cos3xcos x sin3xsin x
8

= (2)
Gi i
, ) , ) , )
, ) , )
, ) , )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 3 2
2 cos x cos4x cos2x sin x cos2x cos4x
2 2 8
2 3 2 2 3 2
cos4x cos x sin x cos2x cos x sin x cos4x cos 2x
4 4
2 k
4cos4x 2 1 cos4x 2 3 2 cos4x x k Z
2 16 2

+ =

+ + = + =
t t
+ + = = = + e
*L u : Vi c kho lo s d ng cng th c bi n tch thnh t ng c th gip ta trnh c vi c s d ng cng
th c nhn 3
Bi 3 . Gi i ph ng trnh :
2 2
2cos 2x 3cos4x 4cos x 1
4
t | |
+ =
|
\ .
(3)
Gi i
CHUYN LUY N THI I H C GIO VIN : NGUY N MINH NHIN T 0976566882
, ) , )
2 2
3 1 cos 4x 3cos4x 4cos x 1 sin 4x 3cos4x 2 2cos x 1
2
x k
1 3
12
sin 4x cos4x cos2x cos 4x cos2x , k Z
k 2 2 6
x
36 3
t | |
+ + = + =
|
\ .
t
= + t

t | |
+ = = e
|
t t
\ .

= +

2,Ph ng trnh s d ng m t s bi n i khc

Vi c a ph ng trnh v d ng tch i u quan tr ng nh t v n l lm sao pht hi n ra nhn t
chung nhanh nh t , sau y l m t s bi n i c th gip ta lm c i u
, ) , ) , ) , )
, ) , )
, )
, )
2 2
2
2
sin x 1 cos x 1 cos x , cos x 1 sin x 1 sin x
cos2x cos x sin x cos x sin x
1 cos 2x sin 2x 2cos x(sin x cos x)
1 sin 2x sin x cos x
1 cos 2x sin 2x 2sin x(sin x cos x)
1 sin 2x sin x cos x
sin x cos x
1 tan x
cos x
2 sin x
= + = +
= +
+ + = +
+ = +
+ = +
=
+
+ =
sin x cos x
4
t | |
+ = +
|
\ .
Bi 4 . Gi i ph ng trnh : 2sin x(1 cos2x) sin 2x 1 2cos x + + = + (4)
Gi i
Cch 1 : , ) , ) , )
2
4 2sin x2cos x 2sin x cos x 1 2cos x 2cos x 1 2sin x cos x 1 0 + = + + =
1
cos x
2
sin 2x 1

ph n cn l i dnh cho b n c
Cch 2 : , ) 4 2sin xcos2x (1 sin 2x) 2(cos x sin x) 0 =
, ) , ) , ) , )
2
2sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x 2 cos x sin x 0 + =
, ) , )
2
cos x sin x 2sin x cos x 2sin x cos x sin x 2 0 + + =
, ) , )
2
cos x sin x 2sin x cos x 2cos x cos x sin x 0 + = ph n cn l i dnh cho b n c
Bi 5 .Gi i ph ng trnh : cos2x 3sin 2x 5sin x 3cos x 3 + + = (5)
Gi i
, )
2
5 (6sin x cos x 3cos x) (2sin x 5sin x 2) 0
3cos x(2sin x 1) (2sin x 1)(sin x 2) 0
(2sin x 1)(3cos x sin x 2) 0
+ =
=
+ =
Ph ng trnh ny t ng ng v i 2 ph ng trnh c b n ( dnh cho b n c )
II. PH NG TRNH CH A N M U
V i lo i ph ng trnh ny khi gi i r t d d n n th a ho c thi u nghi m , i u quan tr ng nh t c a d ng ny
l t i u ki n v ki m tra i u ki n xc nh.Thng th ng ta hay dng ng trn l ng gic lo i
nghi m.
CHUYN LUY N THI I H C GIO VIN : NGUY N MINH NHIN T 0976566882
Ngoi ra , ta c ng g p nhi u ph ng trnh ch a tan , cot . Khi , c th s d ng m t s cng th c
, ) , )
, ) , )
sin a b sin b a
tan a tan b cota cotb=
cos a cos b cos a cos b
cos a b cos a b
tan a cot b tana-cotb=
cos a sin b cos a sin b
2
tan a cot a c
sin 2a

=
+
+ =
+ =
, ) , )
ot a tan a 2cot 2a
cos a b cos a b
1 tan a tan b 1 tan a tan b
cos a cos b cos a cos b
=
+
+ = =
C n l u cc i u ki n xc nh c a t ng cng th c
Bi 6 . Gi i ph ng trnh :
2cos 4x
cot x tan x
sin 2x
= + (6)
Gi i .
K :
sin x 0
k
cos x 0 sin 2x 0 x , k Z
2
sin 2x 0
=
t
= = = e

, )
x l
2cos4x 2cos 2x 2cos4x
6 cot x tan x cos4x cos2x , l Z
l
sin 2x sin 2x sin 2x x
3
= t

= = = e
t

Ki m tra i u ki n ta c x l , l Z
3
t
= + t e
Bi 7 . Gi i ph ng trnh :
, ) , )
3 2
2
4cos x 2cos x 2sin x 1 sin 2x 2 sin x cos x
0
2sin x 1
+ +
=

(7)
Gi i .
K :
2
k
2sin x 1 0 cos2x 0 x , k Z
4 2
t t
= = = + e
, ) , ) , ) , )
, ) , ) , )
2
7 4cos x sin x cos x 2cos x sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x 0
x m
4
2 sin x cos x cos x 1 2cos x 1 0 x m2 , m Z
2
x m2
3
+ + + =
t
= + t

+ + = = t e

t
= + t

Ki m tra i u ki n ta c nghi m
m2
x , m Z
3
t
= e
Bi 8. Gi i ph ng trnh :
2
3tan3x cot 2x 2tan x
sin 4x
+ = + (8)
Gi i
CHUYN LUY N THI I H C GIO VIN : NGUY N MINH NHIN T 0976566882
K :
cos3x 0
k
x
sin2x 0
6 3
, k Z
cos x 0 k
x
4 sin 4x 0
=
t t
= +

=

e

= t

=

=

(*)
, ) , ) , )
, )
2 2sin 2x cos x 2
8 2 tan3x tan x tan3x cot 2x
sin 4x cos3x cos x cos3xsin 2x sin 4x
4sin 4xsin x 2cos2x cos x 2cos3x 4sin 4xsin x cos3x cos x 2cos3x
4sin 4xsin x cos3x cos x 8sin 2xcos2xsin x 2sin 2xsin x do (*)
cos2x
+ + = + =
+ = + + =
= =
=
1 1 1
x arccos m , m Z
4 2 4
| |
= + t e
|
\ .
nghi m ny tho mn K
BI T P T LUY N
CHUYN LUY N THI I H C GIO VIN : NGUY N MINH NHIN T 0976566882
2
3
1, cos3x cos2x cos x 1 0
2, 2 2 sin x cos x 1
12
3, (1 tan x)(1 sin 2x) 1 tan x
1 1
4, sin 2x sin x 2cot 2x
sin 2x 2sin x
5, sin 2x cos2x 3sin x cos x 2 0
x
6, tan x cos x cos x sin x 1 tan x tan
2
7, 2 2cos x 3cos x si
4
+ =
t | |
=
|
\ .
+ = +
+ =
+ + =
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
t | |

|
\ .
, )
3 3
2 2
2
n x 0
2 cos x sin x
1
8,
tan x cot 2x cot x 1
1
9, cos x cos 2xcos3x sin xsin 2xsin3x
2
10, sin x cos x cos2x tan x tan x
4 4
11, tan x tan 2x sin3x cos 2x
x 7
12, sin x cos 4x sin 2x 4sin
4 2 2
x x
13, sin sin x cos sin
2 2
=

=
+
+ =
t t | | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
+ =
t | |
=
|
\ .

, )
2
2
2 3 3 2
x
x 1 2cos
4 2
14, 2sin x cot x 2sin 2x 1
sin 3x
15, sin x cos3xsin x sin3x cos x sin xsin 3x
3sin 4x
t | |
+ =
|
\ .
+ = +
+ + =