TRNG CAO NG BN TRE KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN BI TP MN: NGN NG LP TRNH (PASCAL) (Bi 1 3 tit) Cc th tc/hm

m hc: Unit CRT: Textmode(), Textcolor(), TextBackGround(), Clrscr, Gotoxy(). Unit System: Write(), Writeln() Cc kiu d liu hc: Byte, ShortInt, Word, Integer, Longint. Real. Char. Boolean
A)

Lm quen vi phn mm Borland Pascal: a. Thc tp ci t Borland Pascal ln my ca mnh. b. Hng dn ghi file Turbo.tpl chng li divide by zero. c. Quan st s b tr cc file trong cc th mc.
d.

Dng lnh Run ca Windows chy th Pascal bng cch dng Turbo.exe v bng cch dng BP.EXE. Quan st v cho nhn xt. To Shorcut cho BP.EXE.

e. Chy Borland Pascal v quan st cc thnh phn ca giao din, menu ca n. B tr ca s son tho v ca s g ri (Watch window). f. Gi Help ca Borland Pascal bng cch dng phm F1 v bng cch dng CTRL-F1 (online help).
g.

Copy v d trong Help v chy th. (Test qua vic s dng cc phm/t hp phm F9/CTRL-F9/F7/F8/F4).

h. Thc tp son tho v s dng cc t hp phm chc nng Shift+(mi tn)/CTRL-K-C/CTRL-K-V/CTRL-K-H/CTRL-K-Y. B) Lm quen vi cc bc lp trnh: 1) Vit chng trnh in ra chui Xin chao cac ban den voi ngon ngu lap trinh Pascal. 2) Cng ni dung trn nhng dng ch c kt xut ra ngay gia mn hnh. 3) Vit chng trnh xut ra ba chui: TRUONG CAO DANG SU PHAM BEN TRE KHOA CONG NGHE THONG TIN * c mu khc nhau, trn ba dng lin tip, canh gia mn hnh. Cc bi tp trn cn c chy trong cc ch mn hnh khc nhau (BW40, BW80, CO40, CO80). Ch s sai bit v s dng mn hnh vn bn trn l thuyt v mn hnh vn bn gi lp bi Window. Sinh vin b sung thm th tc READLN ( dng mn hnh kt xut, ch g phm ENTER), tuy nhin trc nn hng dn sinh vin dng t hp phm ALT-F5 chuyn qua li gia giao din ca Pascal v mn hnh kt xut.

BI TP MN: NGN NG LP TRNH (PASCAL) (Bi 2 3 tit) Cc th tc/hm hc: Textmode(), Textcolor(), TextBackGround(), Clrscr, Gotoxy(), Readkey. Write(), Writeln(), Read(), Readln(), Randomize, Random(). Cc kiu d liu hc: Byte, ShortInt, Word, Integer, Longint. Real. Char. Boolean
C) 4)

Cu lnh r nhnh v x l phm, x l ngu nhin:

Vit chng trnh thc hin cc vic sau: a. Xa mn hnh.

b.

Xut ra ti v tr (12,12) chui Xin go mot phim:

c. Ch ngi dng g mt phm. d. Thng bo ti v tr (20,19) chui Phim vua duoc go la: e. Thng bo ti v tr (42,19) tn phm va c g vo.
5)

Vit chng trnh cho php ngi dng nhp cc h s a,b,c ca phng trnh bc hai ax2+bx+c=0 vi a,b,c l cc h s thc. Xut ra mn hnh kt qu gii phng trnh .

6) Vit chng trnh cho php ngi dng nhp vo hai s NUM1, NUM2 kiu thc. Xut ra s ln nht trong 2 s . 7) Vit chng trnh cho php ngi dng nhp vo ba s NUM1, NUM2,NUM3 kiu thc. Xut ra s ln nht trong 3 s . 8) Vit chng trnh xut ra 5 s nguyn ngu nhin trn mn hnh, ti cc v tr ngu nhin, mu ngu nhin.

BI TP MN: NGN NG LP TRNH (PASCAL) (K t bi tp ny sinh vin cn ln lt gii quyt cc bi tp theo tin hc l thuyt khng t mc thi gian na. C gng gii quyt xong cc bi tp trc khi thi kt thc hc phn) 1. DNG CU TRC CASE: Qui tc gi mt nm, ngy, gi m lch nh sau: m lch tnh theo can chi. C 10 can l Gip, At, Bnh, inh, Mu, K, Canh, Tn, Nhm, Qu. C 12 chi l T, Su, Dn, Mo, Thn, T, Ng, Mi, Thn, Du, Tut, Hi. C mi n v thi gian tri qua th chuyn qua mt can v mt chi mi theo nh th t lit k. V d nm 1968 l nm Mu Thn th nm 1970 l nm K Du. Dng lch gi nm theo s nguyn bt u t nm 1 (trc cng nguyn hoc sau cng nguyn), khng c nm 0. Vit chng trnh nhp mt nm dng lch t bn phm, kt xut ra mn hnh tn nm m lch tng ng. 2. DNG VNG LP FOR: Vit chng trnh nhp 10 s nguyn khng m t bn phm. Xut ra mn hnh tng cc s , s ln nht, s nh nht, s cc s chn,s cc s l. 3. DNG VNG LP FOR V VNG LP REPEAT: Vit chng trnh nhp 10 s nguyn ln hn 100 t bn phm, c kim tra d liu nhp (bt buc nhp li ti v tr nhp trc nu nhp sai). Xut ra mn hnh tng cc s , s ln nht, s nh nht, s cc s chn,s cc s l. 4. DNG VNG LP WHILE: Vit chng trnh nhp vo cc s nguyn t bn phm, c kim tra d liu nhp (bt buc nhp li ti v tr nhp trc nu nhp sai), chm dt nhp bng cch nhp s khng. Xut ra mn hnh tng cc s , s ln nht, s nh nht, s cc s chn,s cc s l (tr s 0). 5. PHI HP CC CU TRC IU KHIN V TNH TON CC V TR KT XUT: a) Vit chng trnh xut ra mn hnh bng cu chng t bng nhn 2 n bng nhn 9. b) Vit chng trnh nhp vo ta gc trn tri v ta gc di phi ca mt hnh ch nht. Xut hnh ch nht ra mn hnh. 6. S DNG TH TC V HM: a) Vit chng trnh nhp vo chiu cao l phng, xut ra ngay gia mn hnh l phng dng sau y: xxxxxx+ xxxxx++ xxxx+++ xxx++++ xx+++++ x++++++ +++++++ b) Vit chng trnh xut ra mn hnh N hnh ch nht (N nhp t bn phm) ti cc v tr ngu nhin. 7. XY DNG CC UNIT: Sau khi thc hin xong bi tp trn y th a tt c cc Procedure v Function vo mt unit tn l My_Unit. Bin dch Unit thnh My_Unit.TPU cn gi dng li v sau.
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8. S DNG QUI: a) Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s nguyn khng m. Xut ra mn hnh kt qu phn tch s thnh tng cc s Fibonacci. b) Vit chng trnh tnh ton c s chung ln nht v bi s chung nh nht ca hai s nguyn khng m (s dng qui) CHUI V MNG: 9. Vit chng trnh nhp mt xu k t (chui) S ch gm cc ch ci thng (khng hoa) trong bng mu t. Hy lp ra xu S1 nhn c t S bng cch sp xp li cc k t theo vn a, b, c. V d: S=xbaqp th S1=abpqx 10. Vit chng trnh cho php nhp vo mt chui v thng bo xem chui c phi l chui i xng khng. V d: Chui S=AABcdcBAA l mt chui i xng Chui SA=AWERTYDFRWA khng phi l mt chui i xng. 11. C th lm cho ngi ta c mt o gic dng ch chy xoay vng trn mn hnh nh sau. Gi s dng ch l CHAO MUA XUAN- th cc pha hin th theo th t mt gin cch thi gian nh ti cng mt v tr mn hnh l nh sau: 1. CHAO MUA XUAN2. -CHAO MUA XUAN 3. N-CHAO MUA XUA 4. AN-CHAO MUA XU 5. UAN-CHAO MUA X 6. XUAN-CHAO MUA 7. XUAN-CHAO MUA 8. A XUAN-CHAO MU ..v.v. Vit chng trnh cho php nhp t bn phm mt chui di 40 v cho dng ch chy ngay gia mn hnh t phi qua tri (hoc t tri qua phi ging nh trong minh ho trn) 12. Vit chng trnh cho php nhp vo t bn phm mt chui. Ta nh ngha mt t l mt dy lin tc cc k t khc khong trng, khong trng l du tch t duy nht. Chng trnh c nhim v thng bo ra mn hnh cc t khc nhau trong chui nhp. 13. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui v mt k t. Thng bo ra mn hnh s k t ny c trong chui. Kt qu trn mn hnh c dng: Chng trnh m s k t c trong chui. Nhp chuoi: Hoc tap chuyen can. K t: a Kt qu: C 2 ch a. Tip tuc (Y/N): Y
4

K t: d

Kt qu: Khng c ch d no.

Tip tuc (Y/N): N 14. Vit chng trnh cho php nhp vo mt chui v thng bo cho ngi dng bit chui cha gm bao nhiu ch ci A, ch ci B, .v.v. Kt qu trn mn hnh c dng: Chng trnh m s k t trong chui. Nhp vo mt chui: Aa Bb Toi di day. Ket qua: 1 chu A, 1 chu B, 1 chu T, 1 chu a, 1 chu b, 2 chu d, ....
15. (*)1

Vit chng trnh cho php nhp vo mt dy hu hn cc s nguyn, chng trnh s thng bo ra: a) Tt c cc dy con tng rt ra t dy ny b) Dy con tng c chiu di ln nht.

V d: T dy 12 - 4 13 6 -4
16. Vit

8 8

9 9

10

-3

20 20

th dy con tng c chiu di ln nht l: 6 chng trnh cho php nhp vo cc ma trn vung kch thc NxN (khai bo N nh mt hng) v cho php thc hin cc php tnh: a) Cng hai ma trn b) Tr hai ma trn. c) Nhn hai ma trn. d) (*) Thng bo ra nh thc (Det) tng ng ca ma trn nhp. 17. Mt mng hai chiu MG2: array[ 0..Max,0..Max] of char; Max l mt hng (const). Mng MG2 c khi to ngu nhin. Duyt trong ton b mng xem c bao nhiu cha ci A (hoc a, khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng), ch ci B, .v..v. Thng bo kt qu ra mn hnh. 18. Mng HOTEN gm 10 phn t l cc chui di 20. Vit chng trnh cho php nhp vo mng h tn t bn phm. Xut kt qu ra mn hnh. Sau sp xp li mng HOTEN theo th t tng dn t in (sp xp kiu Bubble sort). Thng bo kt qu sau khi sp xp ra mn hnh.
19. Vit

chng trnh d trong mt mng MG gm 20 phn t kiu s nguyn (mi phn t nh hn 50) xem c hai phn t lin tip no m tng ca chng bng mt s X hay khng. Mng MG c khi to ngu nhin gm cc s hon ton khc nhau. S X c nhp vo t bn phm.

PHI HP CC KIU D LIU: 20. Vit chng trnh cho php to mt file vn bn theo tng dng tng t lnh COPY CON ca DOS.
1

Bi/cu c du (*) l khng bt buc. Ch dnh cho sinh vin c nng lc ton hc tt. 5

21. Vit chng trnh cho php c vo mt file vn bn. Vi mi dng (chui) ca file vn bn ny thc hin cc cng vic sau: a) B tt c k t trng d tha trc, trong v cui chui. b) Canh l u dng (indent) N v tr (N nhp t bn phm). c) Lm HOA k t u chui, cc k t cn li chuyn v ch thng. d) Ghi li vn bn hiu chnh ln a vi mt tn khc. e) Thng bo ra mn hnh cho bit file mi gm bao nhiu dng, bao nhiu k t (khng k k t xung dng v k t khong trng), bao nhiu t (Mt t l mt chui con khc rng gii hn gia hai k t khong trng) 22. Vit chng trnh cho php to mt file c kiu, mi thnh phn ca file l mt record kiu khai bo nh sau TYPE Nhansu = RECORD Hoten: string; Tuoi:byte; CoQuan:String; Luong:longint; HonPhoi:Boolean; End; Chng trnh cho php: a) To file. b) Xem file. c) Thm vo file mt phn t d) Xa khi file mt phn t. e) Duyt file tr li cho bit cc thng tin cn bit v Luong hoc HonPhoi. 23. Vit chng trnh : a) To mt danh sch (list) c chiu di c th ty cha cc Record Ptu = Record St:string; Num:byte; End; b) Cha cc th tc: Xa/Thm mt phn t vo danh sch c sn. c) Chn mt danh sch vo mt danh sch c. d) Sp xp danh sch theo gi tr ca Num t ln n nh .
24. Da

vo bi 8, vip mt chng trnh cho php nhp vo mt a thc khng gii hn bc. Sau cho php n gin a thc, Cng/Tr/Nhn hai a thc.

25. (*)

Nh bi 24. Vit thm phn chia mt a thc cho mt nh thc bc nht (bng cch vn dng s Hrner).

26. Khai bo kiu d liu nh sau y: TYPE str20=string [20]; str40=string [40]; Hocvien= record Hoten:str20; Tuoi:1..120; Phai:boolean; CQCQ:str40; {C quan ch qun} End; HVF=File of Hocvien; Vit v t chc chng trnh di dng mt menu cho php: a. Nhp d liu v hc vin v lu tr d liu trn a. b. Truy cp v cp nht thng tin v hc vin ct trn a. c. Sp xp li cc thng tin v hc vin theo tng tiu ch (kho sp xp v d: xp theo tn/ xp theo tui) v ghi li thnh cc file d liu c sp xp. d. Tim kim v in thng tin v mt hc vin c trn a ra mn hnh v ra my in.2 e. In ra mn hnh hoc my in thng tin v hc vin theo mt tiu ch chn la no . (V d thng tin v hc vin theo CQCQ, theo tui). 27. Vit chng trnh cho php m phng lnh COPY CON ca DOS (ch thc hin tham s dng lnh y nh trong mi trng DOS). 28. Vit chng trnh cho php m phng lnh TYPE ca DOS (ch thc hin tham s dng lnh y nh trong mi trng DOS). 29. Vit chng trnh m phng tin ch File Split / Merge ca NC. 30. Vit chng trnh m phng lnh REN ca DOS (ch thc hin tham s dng lnh y nh trong mi trng DOS). 31. Vit chng trnh m phng lnh COPYca DOS (ch thc hin tham s dng lnh y nh trong mi trng DOS). 32. Vit chng trnh m phng lnh DEL ca DOS (ch thc hin tham s dng lnh y nh trong mi trng DOS). 33. M phng chc nng Change Case ca MicroSoft Word: Vit chng trnh cho php c mt file vn bn (A) v SAVE li file vi mt tn khc (B) vi ni dung gm tt c dng ca file (A) c chun ha thnh dng Title Case
Lu : Unit Printer ca Turbo Pascal ch h tr xut ra my in qua cng LPT1 (DB25 connector), khng thc hin c vi cc my in hin nay dng kt ni qua cng USB.
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(Nu file A c dng: DAY la dONG troNG File th dng tng ng trong file (B) l: Day La Dong Trong File) 34. Khai bo kiu d liu nh sau: TYPE Hoso = DataType; { y DataType l mt kiu d liu tru tng no do sinh vin t khai bo} DataPtr = ^Node; Node = Record Data : Hoso; Next : DataPtr; End; VAR NhanVien,Tam:DataPtr; a) Vit cc th tc to mt danh sch lin kt (linked list). Trong danh sch ny mi nt (node) bao gm hai field: mt field c d liu kiu DataType, field kia l mt con tr tr n nt k tip. Hy to ra danh sch ny bng hai cch sao cho c th x l c: 1) Theo kiu LIFO (Last In First Out). 2) Theo kiu FIFO (First In First Out). b) Vit cc th tc cho php m s nt / xo mt nt / thm mt nt vo danh sch lin kt hin c. c) Vit cc th tc cho php ni hai danh sch lin kt vi nhau bng cch cho con tr ca nt cui cng ca danh sch ny ch n nt u tin ca danh sch kia. d) Vit th tc cho php trn hai danh sch lin kt hin c: Danh sch mi gm xen k mt nt ca danh sch ny ri mt nt ca danh sch kia (Nu mt trong hai danh sch ngn hn danh sch kia th sau khi dng ht cc nt ca danh sch ngn hn trong xen k th phn cn li ch gm cc nt cn li ca danh sch di hn)