CNG NGH CT BNG TIA NC 1. Nguyn l gia cng.

Ct bng tia nc (Water Jet Cutting-WJC) l mt qu trnh s dng tia nc p sut cao gia cng vt liu. Vt ct hoc rnh c rng xp x 1mm. ng knh l nh nht c th ct c l 1,5mm. Phng php ny cn c gi l gia cng bng thu ng lc hc. S nguyn l c th hin trn hnh 1.

u tin nc t thng cp nc i qua b lc v ha trn. Sau nh ng dn cht lng i qua b khuych i tng p n u phun. Ti u phun tia nc c phun ra mnh hay yu l nh van tit lu. Van ny c iu khin bi mt b iu khin. Tia nc sau khi ra khi u phun c p sut rt ln (thng t 100 - 400 MPa), tc tia nc t 400 - 1000m/s. Vi p sut ny, khi tia nc chm vo b mt vt liu gia cng n to nn p lc ln hn bn nn ca vt liu, b mt vt liu b nt ra v tia nc xuyn qua to thnh vt ct, ct chi tit gia cng. Vy tia nc to ng vai tr nh mt ci ca ct mt vt hp trn vt liu. 2. Cc thng s cng ngh. Cc thng s gia cng quan trng trong gia cng bng tia nc bao gm : khong cch gia cng, ng knh l vi phun, p sut nc v tc ct. Khong cch gia cng l khong cch gia u vi phun v b mt gia cng. Thng thng khong cch ny l nh tia nc phn tn ti mc ti thiu trc khi kp p vo b mt. Khong cch gia cng in hnh l 3,2mm. Kch thc ca l vi phun nh hng n chnh xc ca qu trnh ct l vi. Vi phun nh c s dng trn nhng vt liu mng. i vi nhng vt liu dy hn th cn c nhng tia phun dy hn v p sut cao hn. Tc ct thng vo khong t 5 - 500 mm/s ty theo dy ca chi tit gia cng. Phng php gia cng tia nc thng c t ng ho bng h thng CNC hay ngi my cng nghip. Phm vi gia cng : t 1,6 - 305 mm vi chnh xc l 0,13 mm.

3. u im v phm vi ng dng. u im : - Cht lng vt ct rt cao. - Vt ct c th bt u bt k ch no m khng cn khoan mi trc v c th ct c cc vt liu cn mng. - C kh nng t ng ha v ngi my ha rt cao. - Ch ph thp. - Khng c cht ha hc nh ct bng ht mi (AWJC). - Thch ng vi h thng CAD/CAM. - Gia cng t chnh xc cao, b mt phng. - Khng nh hng nhit. - C th ct bt c vt liu no. - t lng ph cht thi sau gia cng. - Mi trng gia cng trong sch. Phm vi ng dng. - Gia cng ct : phng php gia cng bng tia nc c ng dng trong cc ngnh hng khng, thc phm, ngh thut ha, cng nghip t, giy dp, cao su, nha, chi, g, luyn kim, giy, ch to my - Lm sch b mt trong ngnh xy dng v ch to my. Mt s vt liu c ct bng tia nc l : cc tng, thm, lie (lm nt chai), giy, plastic, sn phm g, cao su, da, giy, l kim loi mng, gch, vt liu composite Ty loi vt liu m chiu dy ct ln n 25mm v cao hn. So vi cc phng php khc, ct bng tia nc c nng sut cao v sch, nn n cng c dng trong cng ngh thc phm ct v thi mng sn phm. Khi ngi ta s dng dung dch cht lng l cn, glyxrin hoc du n.

CT BNG TIA NC C HT MI (Abrasive Water Jet Cutting - AWJC) a. Nguyn l gia cng : tng kh nng ct bng tia nc nhm ct cc vt liu cng nh thp, thy tinh, b tng hay vt liu composite, ngi ta thm vo tia nc nhng ht mi. V th phng php ny c gi l gia cng tia nc c ht mi. Nguyn l ca phng php ny cng nh gia cng tia nc nhng khc ch l trong qu trnh hnh thnh tia nc p sut cao th cho thm vo dng ht mi. Vn tc rt cao ca dng tia khi i qua l phun s to chn khng ht cc ht mi t ng cha ht mi, sau , ht mi s trn vi nc trong ng trn. Vic cp ht mi trong qu trnh gia cng quyt nh nng sut gia cng.

Vi phun ca thit b gia cng bng tia nc

Vi phun ca thit b gia cng bng tia nc c ht mi i vi gia cng tia nc c ht mi, khi thm nhng ht mi vo tia nc s lm phc tp qu trnh gia cng v phi b sung mt s thng s v nhng thng s ny phi c iu khin. Nhng thng s thm vo cho qu trnh l loi ht mi, c ht v tc dng chy. Cc loi vt liu ht mi thng c s dng l Al2O3, SiO2 v garnet, cc c ht khong t 60 n 100. Lng mi c thm vo trong tia nc xp x khong 0,3 kg/pht sau khi thot ra vi phun. ng knh l ca vi khong t 0,25 - 0,63 mm. S d kch c hn mt cht so vi s gia cng bng tia nc l c c tc dng chy cao hn v nng lng nhiu hn v bn trong n c cha ht mi.

p sut nc trong gia cng bng tia nc c ht mi ging trong gia cng bng tia nc. Khong cch cho php phi t hn gim n mc ti thiu hiu qu phn tn ca cht lng ct m hin gi c cha nhng ht mi. Khong cch cho php in hnh l khong hay khong cch trong gia cng tia nc. Phng php gia cng tia nc hay tia nc c ht mi c th s dng thay th cho cc phng php gia cng tia laser hay tia plasma nu yu cu khng c nh hng nhit ti ng ct vt liu.

Hnh dng ca my b. Cc thng s cng ngh v kh nng cng ngh : Cc thng s cng ngh c bn ca qu trnh ct l : - Ap sut tia nc (20,000 -60,000 PSI hay 1300 4000 bar). - ng knh tia nc. - Tc ca dng tia ln n 285 fps (1950 mph), khong 2,5 ln tc m thanh. - xa. - Tc np ht mi. - Tc ct , 1 5 inch/ph. Tc ct cng ln th cht lng b mt cng tt. - Tc np vt liu (lng chy dao) Kh nng cng ngh : - Chiu rng ct in hnh l 0,030" v ln hn. - Tm nh hng ca dng tia ln n 8 i vi vt liu cng. Ap sut h xung sau 1. - chnh xc ph thuc vo loi my c s dng. Loi my ln vi u phun dch chuyn trn khung t chnh xc 0,015. Cc my c trung c th chnh xc 0,005. Cc my hin i c th t chnh xc 0,0025, thng t 0,002 C s khc bit ln v dung sai t c gia cc nh sn khc nhau. Hu ht s thay i ny n t s khc bit cng ngh iu khin, v mt vi khc bit t kt cu my. Ngy nay nt s my c kh nng t chnh xc gia cng mt s chi tit n 0,001 thm ch trong mt s trng hp cn tt hn (mc d 0,002 th c l thc t hn). c. u nhc im v phm vi ng dng. - Ct c hu nh mi vt liu: thp ti cng, thp mm, thp khng r (phn ln thp ct cng tc d c khc nhau v cng), ng thau, nhm, vt liu gin nh thu tinh, gm, thch anh, v , tm mng, vt liu d chy, ct qung mng hoc qung dy, to c mi loi hnh dng vi ch mt dng c ct. - Ct vi mt phm vi b dy ln vi dung sai hp l, khng sinh nhit, vng gia cng khng chu tc ng nhit, y l phng php gia cng ct lnh. - nhm b mt c th tt nh cc phng php gia cng truyn thng. - Lc ct khng ng k, v th c rt t hoc khng c d. So snh vi mt s phng php gia cng khc. So snh vi gia cng tia laser - Gia cng c nhiu vt liu m laser khng th gia cng (vt liu phn x, nh nhm v ng). - Tnh ng nht vt liu khng phi l c tnh quan trng. - Dng tia nc khng to nhit ln chi tit. V th khng c bin dng nhit v cng khng

tng. - Tia nc c th t c chnh xc bng hoc hn tia laser. - Gi thnh r hn. - Gia cng uc vt liu dy hn. - Dng tia to mi an ton hn, khng c khi c, khng c la. - C tnh mi trng hn. - Bo tr n gin hn. - Tia ht mi c kh nng t dung sai tng t trong gia cng chi tit mng v t chnh xc cao hn trong gia cng chi tit dy So snh vi gia cng tia la in - Gia cng nhanh hn tia la in. - Kh nng gia cng phm vi vt liu rng ln hn. - Tnh ng nht khng phi l c tnh quan trng i vi gia cng tia nc. - Dng ht mi to l xuyn cho chnh n. - Khng sinh nhit. - Dng tia nc c kh nng b qua nhng bt thng ca vt liu m c th nhng bt thng ny lm cho EDM mt tia la in.