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TAØI LIEÄU ÑÖÔÏC CUNG CAÁP TAÏI ÑÒA CHÆ DIEÃN ÑAØN

WWW.MOITRUONG.CO.NR
THE WATER
THE WATER CYCLE
DRINKING AND
PROCESS
WATER PLANT River, Lake, sea

ter
a
w
ing
k
rin
D
WASTEWATER
Pr
oc TREATMENT
es
s
w
PLANT
at
er

Rain water
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

Wastewater
treatment plant

 Origin
 Destination / why do we need to treat
 Composition (principal parameters)
 Different kinds of treatment
Municipal wastewaters : Principal
parameters
 BOD : Biochemical oxygen Demand

 COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

 SS : Suspended solids

 KN : Kjeldahl Nitrogen = Organic N + N.NH4+

TN : Total Nitrogen = Organic N+N.NH4+ +oxyded N (NO2- + NO3-)

 TP : Total Phosphorus = Polyphosphates + P.PO4 + particulate P


Municipal wastewaters :typical
values
Pollution for population equivalent (PE)
BOD5 : 60 g / PE / day
Water consumption : 120 to 600 l /PE / day

g/PE / day Concentration


(mg/l)
COD 120 to 150 200 to 1200
BOD5 55 to 70 100 to 600
SS 60 to 90 100 to 750
KN 13 to 15 20 to 125
TP 2.5 to 4 4 to 33
Typical values for microorganisms in wastewaters
Bacteria No. for liter in a domestic WW

- Total coliforms 109 à 1011


- Fecal coliforms 106 à 1010
- Streptococcus 105 à 108
- Salmonella 0 à 103
- Staphylococcus 101 à 105
- Aeromonas 105 à 108
Parasites
- giardia 101 à 105
- cryptosporidium 0 à 104
- Helminthes eggs (nematodes) 0 à 102

Virus 0 à 2x105
THE
EFFLUENT
Municipal wastewaters :
destination

Natural environment  river, lake,sea…

- Hazardous
- Oxygen consumption
- Flore and fauna toxicity
- Unpleasant ecosystems development
- To protect the environment
European laws : quality of treated water

Concen Efficiency Pollution load Conformity rules


Parameter maxi mini

mg/l % No. PE No. of Maxi values


Autorised
excess
BOD5 25 70 2 000-10 000
According BOD5 = 50
Normal BOD5 25 80 > 10 000 To COD = 250
Zones Analyses SS = 85
COD 125 75 All loads
Carbon no. mg/l
pollution
SS 35 90 All loads

TN 15 70 10 000–100 000
Sensible
zones TN 10 70 > 100 000 To be respected in yearly
N and P average
pollution TP 2 80 10 000–100 000

TP 1 80 > 100 000


Vietnamese Standards : TCVN 7222 :
2002
Standard Parameter Value Sampling type

F1 COD < 100 mg/l 24 hours mixed sample

BOD5 < 30 mg/l

SS < 30 mg/l

Tot-N < 30 mg/l

Tot-P < 12 mg/l

F3 COD < 50 mg/l 24 hours mixed sample

BOD5 < 10 mg/l

SS < 10 mg/l

Tot-N < 15 mg/l

Tot-P < 5 mg/l

TCVN 6987 : 2001


Typical values for a discharge in a
river :
No. For 100 ml (for a discharge in a river)

Bacteria Total coliforms 1000 / 100 ml

Fecal Coliforms 100 / 100 ml

Streptococcus 10 / 100 ml

Salmonella 0 – 10 / 100 ml

Parasites Giardia 1 – 10 / 100 ml

Cryptosporidium 0 – 10 / 100 ml

Helminthes eggs 0 – 1 / 100 ml


Principal treatments for domestic wastewaters

 Settling
Physical  Filtration
 Clarification

 Coagulation – Flocculation + Settling


Chemical
 Coagulation – Flocculation + Filtration

Biological
 Free Cultures : Activated Sludge, MBR
 Fixed cultures : Bio-filters, Biodiscs, Trickling filters...
 Hybrid cultures : MBBR

DISINFECTION
 UV
 Chemical
TAØI LIEÄU ÑÖÔÏC CUNG CAÁP TAÏI ÑÒA CHÆ DIEÃN ÑAØN

WWW.MOITRUONG.CO.NR

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