CHNG 1: CU TRC V XP LOI C CU

1) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu phi hi u my xe la trn hnh 1.1a v 1.1b.

K

O2

G
O1

G
O1

G
O1

E
A

C
E

Hnh 1.1a

Hnh 1.1a.a

C
F

Bc t do c cu c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 9 (2 * 13 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, nhm tnh inh c tch ra bao gm 4 nhm loi 2 (6,9; 7,8; 2,3;
4,5) nh hnh 1.1a.a. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
H
O
A
K
H
9 10
2
M
8
O2 9 10
K
I
O
1
G
G 8
6
I
F
1
O1
O
O3
L
11
1
M
5
G
11
6
L
A
O
7
M
O
F
E
O
1
7
1
1
B
2
5
1
O1
3
E
2
A
B
D
4
C
C
4
3
D
Hnh 1.1b

Hnh 1.1b.b

Bc t do c cu c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 11 (2 * 16 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, nhm tnh inh c tch ra bao gm 1 nhm loi 2 (2,3) v 2
nhm loi 3 (4,5,6,7; 8,9,10,11) nh hnh 1.1b.b. y l c cu loi 3.
Cng thc cu to c cu: 1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0

2) Tnh bc t do v c cu my dp c kh (hnh 1.2a) v my p thu ng (hnh 1.2b)

A

A
1

O1
3

O2

C
Hnh 1.2a

B
4

O1
3

O2

Hnh 1.2a.a

Bc t do c cu c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 5 (2 * 7 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, nhm tnh inh c tch ra bao gm 2 nhm loi 2 (2,3; 4,5) nh hnh
1.2a.a. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0
C
C
O
O
3
3
D
D
1
1

O2

O2

O1

O1

Hnh 1.2b

Hnh 1.2bb

Bc t do c cu c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 5 (2 * 7 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, khi tch nhm ta ch c 1 nhm tnh inh loi 3 (2,3,4,5 nh hnh
1.1bb. y l c cu loi 3.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0

3) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu ng c diesel (hnh 1.3a)

B

O3

D
1

C
C

O3

O1

6
7

O1

Hnh 1.3a

Hnh 1.3b

Bc t do c cu c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 7 (2 * 10 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, khi tch nhm ta ch c 3 nhm tnh inh loi 2 (2,3; 4,5; 6,7) nh
hnh 1.3b. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0

4) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu bm oxy (hnh 1.4a)

B
O2

E
O
1

O
6

A
K

2
1

O
6

Hnh 1.4b

Hnh 1.4a
Bc t do c cu c tnh theo cng thc:
W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 6 (2 * 8 + 1) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp loi cao l hai
bin dng rng ang tip xc vi nhau tai A, do vy ta phi
thay th khp cao thnh khp thp (hnh 1.4b).
Bc t do c cu thay th:
Hnh 1.4c
W = 3 * 7 (2 * 8 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
khi tch nhm ta c 1 nhm tnh inh loi 2: (2,2) v nhm loi 3: (3,4,5,6) nh hnh 1.4c.
y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0

O2

5) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu iu khin ni trc (hnh 1.5a)

1
2
2
4

Hnh 1.5a

Hnh 1.5b

Hnh 15c

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.5a c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 5 (2 * 6 + 1) + 0 1 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp loi cao l khp cam do vy ta phi thay th khp cao
thnh khp thp (hnh 1.5b).
Bc t do c cu thay th:
W = 3 * 5 (2 * 7 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Khi tch nhm ta c 2 nhm tnh inh loi 2: (2,3; 4,5) nh hnh 1.5c. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0

6) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu my dt vi dy, p kh d (hnh 1.6a)

O4
+4

O1
+4
O3
+4

4
1

O2
+4

Hnh 1.6a

O4
+4

C
B

O1
+4

2
O6
+4

O3
+4

4
A

O2
+4

O4
+4

C
B

1
3

O1
+4

O6
+4

Hnh 1.6b

O3
+4

C
B

O2
B
+4 2

6
O6
+4

Hnh 1.6c

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.6a c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 8 (2 * 10 + 2) + 0 1 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp loi cao l khp cam v khp bnh rng, do vy ta phi
thay th khp cao thnh khp thp (hnh 1.6b).
Bc t do c cu thay th:
W = 3 * 9 (2 * 13 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Khi tch nhm ta c 4 nhm tnh inh loi 2 nh hnh 1.6c. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0

7) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu ct ko t ng (hnh 1.6a):

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.6a c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth

= 3 * 7 (2 * 9 + 1) + 0 1 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp
loi cao l khp cam (tip xc gia cam 1 v
con ln 2, do vy ta phi thay th khp cao
thnh khp thp (hnh 1.6b).
Bc t do c cu thay th:
W = 3 * 7 (2 * 10 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Khi tch nhm ta c 3 nhm tnh inh
loi 2 nh hnh 1.6c. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu :
1=1+0+0+0+0

O7

Hnh 1.6a
A

O7
E

O2

O3

C
K

O7

O1

E
D

O7

7
5

O1

C
B

Hnh 1.6b

O3

Hnh 1.6c

8) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu my nghin (hnh 1.8a):

O5

A
2

O5
A

C
4
5
O O1

O3

O5
B

O3 4

C
5

O1

O1

Hnh 1.8a
Hnh 1.8b
Hnh 1.8c
Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.8a c tnh theo cng thc:
W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 5 (2 * 6 + 1) + 0 1 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp loi cao l khp cam (tip xc gia cam 1 v con ln 2),
do vy ta phi thay th khp cao thnh khp thp (do bin dng cam ti v tr tip xc l phng nn
thay th khp thp l khp tnh tin)(hnh 1.8b).
Bc t do c cu thay th:
W = 3 * 5 (2 * 7 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Khi tch nhm ta c 2 nhm tnh inh loi 2 nh hnh 1.8c. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0

9) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu phanh m (hnh 1.9a)

B
5
A

O3

2
3

O5
4

D
5

4
1
O1

3
O3

O3
5

1
O1

A
O5
4

Hnh 1.9a

Hnh 1.9b

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.9a c tnh theo cng thc:

O54

O4

Hnh 1.9c

1
O1

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth

= 3 * 5 (2 * 6 + 2) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp loi cao l khp cam (tip xc gia cam 3 v khu 4 v
5), do vy ta phi thay th khp cao thnh khp thp (do bin dng cam ti v tr tip xc l phng nn
thay th khp thp l khp tnh tin)(hnh 1.9b).
Bc t do c cu thay th:
W = 3 * 7 (2 * 10 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Khi tch nhm ta c 3 nhm tnh inh loi 2 nh hnh 1.9c. y l c cu loi 2.
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0

10) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu v ng thng Lipkin vi cc chiu di AD = AE,

BD=DC=CE=EB, AF = FB (hnh 1.11a)
C
D

6
7

5
4

6
7

Hnh 1.10a

A
A

Hnh 1.10b

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.10a c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 7 (2 * 10 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c chui ng kn BDCE nn khi tch nhm ta c 1 nhm tnh
nh loi 4 nh hnh 1.10b. y l c cu loi 4
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0

11) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu chuyn ng theo qu o cho trc (hnh 1.11a)

G

G
5
A

G
C

3
D

Hnh 1.11a

4 F

2 E

2 E

Hnh 1.11b

4 F
C

Hnh 1.11c

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.11a c tnh theo cng thc:

G
W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
5
= 3 * 5 (2 * 5 + 2) + 0 2 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, v c khp loi cao ch tip xc ca hai con ln 3 v 4 vi gi v
khu 5 nn ta phi thay th khp cao thnh khpAthp nh hnh
F 1.11b. Bc t do c cu thay th:
W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth = 3 * 5 1(2 * 7 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Khi tch nhm ta c 2 nhm tnh nh loi 2 nh hnh 1.11c.
y l c cu loi 2
C
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 =
1
+
0
+
2
0
4
B
D

3 thng ht ging (hnh 1.12a) v c cu nhc li cy

12) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu nng

a)

ca my nng nghip (hnh 1.12b)

Xt hnh 1.12a:

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.12a c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 5 (2 * 7 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, tch nhm ta c 2 nhm tnh nh loi 2 (2,3; 4,5) nh hnh 1.12aa.
y l c cu loi 2
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0
O5

O3
O5
O3

5
4

O1
1

O1

Hnh 1.12a

Hnh 1.12aa

b) Xt hnh 1.12b:

O7

B
B
A

O7
7

O3

O3

6
F

O5

6
E

D
4

O5

Hnh 1.12b

Hnh 1.12bb

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.13b c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 7 (2 * 10 + 0) + 0 0 = 1
Chn khu 1 l khu dn, tch nhm ta c 3 nhm tnh nh loi 2 (2,3; 4,5; 6,7) nh hnh
1.12bb. y l c cu loi 2
Cng thc cu to c cu : 1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0

13) Tnh bc t do v xp loi c cu trong my tnh : cng (hnh 1.13a) v nhn (hnh 1.13b)
a) Xt hnh 1.13a:
D

E
2

a1

A
a2

Hnh 1.13.a

x a + x 2 a1
x3 = 1 2
a1 + a 2

B
E

3 C

x3

x2

x1

3 C

2
F

Hnh 1.13aa

x1 + x 2
2

Khi a1 = a2 th x3 =

Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.14a c tnh theo cng thc:

W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 6 (2 * 8 + 0) + 0 0 = 2
Chng t c cu co 2 khu dn, Chn khu 1 v 2 l khu dn, tch nhm ta c 1 nhm tnh
nh loi 3 (3, 4, 5, 6) nh hnh 1.13aa. y l c cu loi 3
Cng thc cu to c cu : 2 = 2 + 0
b) Xt hnh 1.14b:
5
3
y

z
x

h
Hnh 1.13b

4
2

1
1
Hnh 1.13bb

xy
z=
hy
y
= const = t , do vy z = tx
hy
Bc t do c cu Hnh 1.13b c tnh theo cng thc:
W = 3n (2P5 + P4) + rth - Wth
= 3 * 6 (2 * 8 + 0) + 0 0 = 2
Chng t c cu co 2 khu dn, Chn khu 1 v 6 l khu dn, tch nhm ta c 1 nhm tnh
nh loi 3 (2, 3, 4, 5) nh hnh 1.13bb. y l c cu loi 3
Cng thc cu to c cu : 2 = 2 + 0
hi khu 2 c nh: