Hc phn: Qun L Mi Trng

Bi ging 8

Qun l mi trng da trn cng ng

Quch Th Ngc Th (09/2009)

Ai qun l MT v TNTN?
Chng ta bn v vai tr qun l MT v TNTN ca nh nc. Cc bn hy suy ngh xem, nhng yu t no lm cho nh nc tht bi trong qun l ti nguyn? ------

Ni dung

3 1 2

Quyn s hu ti sn Qun l ti sn thuc v cng ng

3 4

iu kin thnh cng ca MH da trn cng ng

Tm tt

Quyn s hu ti sn (property rights)

Open access: ti sn chung Communal property: ti sn cng ng State property: ti sn nh nc Private property: ti sn t nhn

lin tng n
Tnh mt mt

Ti nguyn c nhn, vd: t, rung, vn cy, nc ao h

Ti nguyn s hu chung, vd: c ngoi bin, rng hoang s

Hng ho c thu ph (vd: bui ho nhc, giao thng, khng kh ca bui tic, ni vui chi)
Tnh d loi tr

Hng ha hon ton cng cng (vd: dch v bo v t nc, sng TV, tnh hiu n hi ng)
Tnh kh loi tr

Cn phn bit quyn s hu ti nguyn v bn cht ca ti nguyn Property rights >< resources

V d trng hp ti nguyn nc VN
Lut Ti nguyn Nc (iu 1):ti nguyn nc l ti sn ca tt c mi ngi v c Nh nc thng nht qun l. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c Chnh ph giao trch nhim qun l nh nc v ti nguyn nc ni chung, B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn, B Thy sn v B Cng Thng c trch nhim qun l ti nguyn nc theo hot ng ca ngnh, cho cc mc ch tng ng nh thy li, nui trng thy sn v sn xut thy in.

Bundles of rights

Open access
Quyn ti sn khng c xc nh (trn thc t); khng ai c quyn (c xc nh v bo v) i vi ti sn open access Tt c mi ngi c th s dng vng, ti nguyn L thuyt ca Hardin p dng V d:

State property
Quyn thuc v nh nc Nh nc v cc nh chc trch quyt nh vic s dng ti nguyn Nh nc c kh nng cng bc thc hin Vd: Vn Quc Gia,

State property and use

Nhiu trng hp c qun l khng hiu qu (= unsustainable) B b qun B tham nhng Thiu kin thc Thiu nng lc qun l

Private property
C nhn hay mt nhm nhng c nhn c quyn s dng ti nguyn v loi tr nhng ngi khc Thng, quyn ny c xc nhn bi nh nc Thng, quyn l duy nht v c th chuyn nhng Vd: t th c vi S

Private property and use

Nhiu trng hp thnh cng Nhiu trng hp tht bi, do: C nhn thng hnh ng ti a ho li ch c nhn Nu unstustainable c li hn, th c th lm theo Quyn cn c xc nh r i vi tng loi ti nguyn. Vd: quyn khai thc nc mt trn t canh tc

Ti sn cng ng
Ti nguyn c qun l bi mt nhm cng ng xc nh Ngi s dng c quyn: loi tr ngi bn ngoi cng ng Quan st v qun l nhng ngi trong cng ng Quyn ny c th hin 2 dng: Trn thc t/ truyn thng c lut php quy nh

Ti sn cng ng
Thng, quyn ny khng chuyn nhng c Ti sn cng ng khc vi open access

C nhng trng hp qun l ti nguyn da trn cng ng thnh cng Nhng cng c nhng trng hp tht bi iu c ngha l c nhng iu kin thc y vic qun l ti nguyn da trn cng ng l qun l bn vng iu kin l g?

Bi c, trang 7

Trang 8, qun l ngun nc

Qun l ti nguyn thu sn, Lo

 Local people have strong beliefs about two female guardian spirits, Widow and Sweet. They believe that the spirits watch over the backswamp and all fishing activities need to be reported. customary rules have been set to ban some massive fishing activities, such as brushfilled basket traps and plunge traps, to prohibit some harmful activities (for the resource), including blocking streams entering the pond, cutting trees close to the edge of the backswamp, or farming near the resource to punish those who break the rules by appeasing a costly tribute to the spirits.

Since 1997, obtaining support from the local government, Kaengpho has claimed the resource and excluded the other 16 communities from having access. The community backswamp committee is established to manage the resource and set the rules. The existing fishing gears are maintained, while the users and period to access are under control of exclusive Kaengpho community.

By the end of dry season, the committee arranges a group of village fishers to harvest the fish, which are sold to the village and outside. In 2000, the committee sold the fishing rights to villagers and outsiders. The generated revenue has been used for communal purposes, such as buying books, paying for meetings and village ceremonies, and maintaining the school and temple.

Qua nhng v d, cc bn hy suy ngh v nhng iu kin lm cho QL d trn cng ng thnh cng

iu kin

c tnh ca ti nguyn

c tnh ca nhm

Qun l da trn cng ng bn vng

Th ch

Mi trng ngoi tc

c tnh ca ti nguyn
Quy m nh Ranh gii c xc nh r rng

c tnh nhm
Dn s nhm nh Ranh gii r rng C chung phong tc C kinh nghim trc y Tnh lnh o thch hp S ph thuc ln nhau gia cc thnh vin trong nhm K sinh nhai a dng Thng nht trong mc tiu

Th ch
Lut n gin v d hiu Lut c xy dng t cng ng D thi hnh lut Hnh thc pht Chi ph thc thi thp Accountable to users

Mi trng ngoi tc
Chi ph loi tr ngi ngoi thp Chnh ph tin tng vo quyn qun l ca i din cng ng a phng H tr ph hp cho nhng ngi bo v ti nguyn Nhng cng ng bn ngoi c s a dng trong k sinh nhai ca h

QLTN da trn cng ng VN: 1 vd

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