CNG NGH CH BIN THC PHM

BI GING LP SH07
GV: Ths. T NG KHOA Ths. NH XUN THIN CHN Ths. L TH MINH HIN
( B mn Cng Ngh Thc Phm Trng i Hc M TPHCM)
3/25/2011 1

NI DUNG
Chng 1: Gii thiu mn hc Chng 2: Cc qu trnh ha hc, ha sinh v sinh hc Chng 3: Cc qu trnh l ha
Nhm QT Sy Nhm QT c c kt tinh. Nhm QT chng ct, trch ly,

Chng 4: Cc qu trnh vt l Chng 5: Tng kt mn hc

3/25/2011

CHNG III QU TRNH SY

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. L Bch Tuyt (ch bin). 1994. Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc phm. H Ni. NXB Gio Dc. Nguyn Vn La. 2006. K thut sy vt liu. NXB HQG TPHCM. Nguyn Vn May. 2002. K thut sy nng sn thc phm. H Ni. NXB Khoa Hc K Thut. L Vn Vit Mn (ch bin). 2009. Cng ngh ch bin thc phm. TPHCM. NXB HQG TPHCM. Kenneth.J. Valentas, etal. 1997. Handbook of food engineering practice. New York. CRC Press. P. Fellows. 2000. Food Processing Technology principles and practice. New York. CRC press. Philip Richardson. 2001. Thermal technologies in Food processing. New York. CRC press.
3/25/2011 4

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

3.1.1. nh ngha Sy l qu trnh s dng nhit tch nc ra khi mu nguyn liu ( rn, lng, huyn ph).

Bc hi

Thng hoa

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

3.1.2. Bn cht L s bc hi nc ca sn phm do nhit . L qu trnh khuch tn do :

Chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu Chnh lch p sut hi ring phn b mt vt liu v mi trng xung quanh

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

Sy i lu Sy tip xc Sy bc x Sy bng vi sng Sy bng in cao tng Sy thng hoa...

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

Sy i lu Sy tip xc Sy bc x Sy bng vi sng Sy bng in cao tng Sy thng hoa...

Mu c cp nhit theo nguyn tc i lu. + Chnh lch p sut hi bc hi. + Chnh lch m khuych tn.

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

Sy i lu Sy tip xc Sy bc x Sy bng vi sng Sy bng in cao tng Sy thng hoa...

Mu c cp nhit theo nguyn tc dn nhit

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

Sy i lu Sy tip xc Sy bc x Sy bng vi sng Sy bng in cao tng Sy thng hoa...

- Mu c cp nhit bng ngun nhit bc x - S thi m theo nguyn tc i lu. + G bc x nguyn liu + G thi khng kh ngui

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

Sy i lu Sy tip xc Sy bc x Sy bng vi sng Sy bng in cao tng Sy thng hoa...

Vi sng (Sng in t: 300 300.000 Mhz) Dng in cao tng: tn s 27 100Mhz

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc.

Sy i lu Sy tip xc Sy bc x Sy bng vi sng Sy bng in cao tng Sy thng hoa...

N

+ Nc trng thi rn + p sut hi trn thc phm thp hn 610,5 Pa Nu gia tng nhit nc t rn s chuyn sang hi

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3. 2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin.

Chun b Khai thc Ch bin Bo qun Hon thin

3. 2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin.

Chun b Khai thc Hon thin Bo qun Ch bin

Tch bt nc ngm tm dung dch, p hng Hm lng dinh dng trong 1 n v khi lng tng.

3. 2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin.

Chun b Khai thc Ch bin Bo qun Hon thin

Bin i nguyn liu to ra nhiu tnh cht c trng cho sn phm: + Sy rau qu + Sn xut sa bt, c ph ha tan

3. 2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin.

Chun b Khai thc Ch bin Bo qun Hon thin

Gim hot nc C kh nng v hot mt s vi sinh vt v enzyme

3. 2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin.

Chun b Khai thc Ch bin Bo qun Hon thin

- m bo mu sc, tng bn ( ht , tinh th) - Qu trnh sy malt

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm.

3.3.1. Bn cht Vt liu c th khc nhau v : Ngun gc Hm lng nc Trng thi, tnh cht vt liu ...

3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm.

3.3.2. Lin kt m trong vt liu Cc loi m ht vo nguyn liu to thnh mi lin kt ca cc trng lc khc nhau: Lin kt ha hc Lin kt ha l Lin kt c l

Lin kt ha hc Th hin dng lin kt ion hay lin kt phn t Chim t l nht nh Khi b tch m tnh cht thay i
500 kg

500 kg

1 cm2

100 MPa

Lin kt ha l
Th hin dng lin kt hp ph v lin kt thm thu. Khng theo mt t l nht nh Lin kt hp ph: lin kt ion, lin kt phn t rt bn vng thng ch tch 1 phn. Tnh cht nc trong lin kt thm thu hp thu gp nhiu ln lin kt hp ph , khng khc nc t do.

Lin kt c l
Th hin dng lin kt cu trc, lin kt mao dn v lin kt thm t. Khng theo t l nht nh, thay i tuyn tnh theo nhit . Lc c l khng ln nn m d dng tch ra
Phn m tch c ra khi nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy gi chung l m t do

ng cong sy

ng cong tc sy

Kho st ng cong sy v ng cong tc sy trong trng hp sy i lu

3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm.

3.3.3. Tnh cht l hc vt liu Theo tnh cht l hc c th chia lm 3 loi : Vt liu keo Vt liu xp mao dn Vt liu keo xp mao dn

Vt liu keo
C tnh do do c cu trc ht. Nc hoc m dng lin kt hp th v thm thu. vt liu nhm ny khi tch m vn gi nguyn tnh n hi do V d: gelatin, cc sn phm t bt nho, tinh bt...

Vt liu xp mao dn
Vt liu ny thng gin hu nh khng co li v d dng lm nh (v vn) sau khi lm kh. V d: ng tinh th, mui n v.v...

Vt liu keo xp mao dn

Thnh mao dn c tnh do v n hi, khi ht m cc mao dn ca chng trng ln, khi sy kh th co li. Loi vt liu ny chim phn ln cc vt liu sy V d: ng cc, cc ht h u, bnh m, rau, qu v.v...

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy.

Bin i vt l Bin i ha l (1) (2) (3) Bin i ho hc Bin i sinh ho Bin i sinh hc Bin i cm quan

Bin i vt l
Khuych tn m, co th tch, khi lng ring tng
Gim khi lng do nc bay hi To gradient nhit gia mt ngoi v trong vt liu sy Bin i cc tnh cht c l : bin dng, hin tng co, tng gin..... C th c hin tng nng chy v tp trung cc cht ha tan ln b mt V d: sy thm ct ming nh hng tc cam quan

Bin i ha l
Khuch tn m (*)
Xy ra trong giai on u ca qu trnh sy m khuch tn t lp trong ra ngoi vt liu do co dn v nhit.

Bin i ha l
dn m
Qu trnh chuyn di m bn trong sn phm sy do s chnh lch m gia cc lp b mt v cc lp bn trong ca vt liu sy c thc hin nh lc khuch tn, thm thu, lc mao qun...

Bin i ha l
Bin i ha l quan trong nht trong qu trnh sy l hin tng chuyn pha t lng sang hi ca m. To lp ngoi vt liu c tnh cht keo, mt s hp cht thay i tnh cht pha
VD:

tinh bt h ha, protein ng t

Bin i ho hc
Tc phn ng ho hc tng ln do nhit vt liu tng Tc ho hc chm i do mi trng nc b gim dn Mt s phn ng:
Oxy ha : vitamin, cht mu, polyphenol,lipid. Thy phn: triglyceride glycerol + acid bo. Maillard Dehydrate, phn hy

Bin i sinh ho
Trong giai on u cc enzym hot ng (enzym oxy ho kh) gy nh hng xu n vt liu ( sy malt) Giai on sy, nhit tng cao hot ng enzym gim v dng li

Bin i sinh hc
Cu to t bo : trao i cht dng li, t t bo sng bin thnh t bo cht, cu trc m t bo thay i nc, enzyme, DNA. Vi sinh vt : b lm yu, c ch hay tiu dit hot nc Dinh dng : tng lng calo

Bin i cm quan
Mu sc : cng mu tng ln
Mi : mt s cht thm b bay hi theo m, to mi mi cho sn phm. V : nng v tng ln, cng v tng nht l v ngt v mn. V chua c gim i mt t do lng acid bay hi trong qu trnh sy. Trng thi : tng tnh n hi, tnh dai, tnh trng n, vn cc, tnh gin v c bin i v hnh dng.

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. Cc yu t lin quan n iu kin sy

1. Nhit tc nhn sy:
Gia tng truyn nhit Bin i vt l, ha hc: dinh dng, cm quan

2. m tng i
m tng i cng thp tc sy ng tc cng nhanh Quyt nh m cn bng sau khi sy.

3. Tc tc nhn sy.
4. Cc yu t lin quan n nguyn liu

3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. Cc yu t lin quan n nguyn liu

1. Din tch b mt
Din tch b mt Thi gian khuch tn n b mt bin

2. Cu trc nguyn liu

m nm bn ngoi m nm bn trong ph hy t bo

3. Thnh phn ha hc
S tng tc vi nc Tc khuych tn

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3.6. Phng php thc hin.

Lng m (kg) bay hi trn mt din tch (m2) b mt sn phm sy trong mt n v thi gian (h) Cc yu t nh hng n tc sy : - Bn cht vt liu, cu trc thnh phn ho hc, c tnh lin kt m - Hnh dng vt liu sy, kch thc, chiu dy lp vt liu - m ban u v m ti hn ca vt liu - Tnh cht ca tc nhn sy - Cu to my sy, phng thc v ch sy

3.6. Phng php thc hin.

Phng php thc hin qu trnh

Sy t nhin Sy nhn to Sy tip xc Sy i lu Sy c bit

3.6. Phng php thc hin. Sy i lu Bung sy (T sy) Hm sy Sy bng ti Thp sy Sy thng quay Sy tng si Sy phun

3.6. Phng php thc hin.

Thit b sy tip xc T sy chn khng Sy trc Thit b sy c bit Sy bng tia bc x Sy bng dng in cao tng Sy thng hoa

3.6. Phng php thc hin.

Sy t nhin (phi) Sy nhn to : Thit b sy i lu Thit b sy tip xc Thit b sy c bit

Chng 3: Qu Trnh Sy
NI DUNG:

3.1. nh ngha C s khoa hc. 3.2. Mc ch cng ngh & Phm vi thc hin. 3.3. Nguyn liu v cc yu cu sn phm. 3.4. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu trong qu trnh sy. 3.5. Cc yu t nh hng. 3.6. Phng php thc hin. 3.7. Gii thiu cc thit b sy & ng dng.

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy t nhin (phi)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy t nhin (phi)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy t nhin (phi)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy t nhin (phi)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy t nhin (phi)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy t nhin (phi)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to ( tng si)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy nhn to ( sy vi lp nguyn liu chuyn ng tng i)

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng.

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

3.7. Cc thit b sy thng dng. Sy nhn to

NG DNG

 Rau qu ht (gia v, ph gia, bt) v cc sn phm t rau qu ( nc ung nng lng, bt tri cy, c ph ha tan, sa da) Cc sn phm ng vt ( tht, sa bt.) Cc sn phm probiotic Cc sn phm mui khong (calcium, mui), vitamin, Cc sn phm dng tinh th (ng, lactose, maltodextrin, gelatine)

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T sy (Cabinet drier) T sy chn khng (Cabinet Vacuum Drier) Sy hm cng chiu (Concurrent flow drier) Sy hm ngc chiu (Counter-current flow drier) Sy tng si (Fluidized-bed drier) Sy phun (Spray drier) Sy thng hoa (Freeze drier) Sy bng ti (Belt drier) Dn nhit (Heat conduction) i lu nhit (Heat convection) Truyn nhit bc x (Radiative heat transfer) Cc thit b trao i nhit (Heat exchanger)

Phn loi qu trnh gia cng theo mc ch cng ngh:

o

Chun b: khng lm bin i nhiu cc ch tiu, ch lm thay i mt vi ch tiu ca nguyn liu, h tr cho qu trnh no tip theo tt hn, c th b qua khi khng cn thit.

Khai thc: lm tng hm lng cc cht dinh dng hoc l thu hi nhng cu t c gi tr trong qu trnh sn xut.

Ch bin: lm bin i su sc thnh phn v cc ch tiu ca nguyn liu theo hng to ra sn phm.

o o

Bo qun: n nh cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm trong qu trnh bo qun. Hon thin: ci thin mt s ch tiu no ca sn phm.