Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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S GIAO DUC & AO TAO KY THI HOC SINH
GIOI VONG TNH
LAM ONG Nam
hoc 2000 - 2001
Ngay thi: 20 -12 - 2000
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Bai I:
1. Viet cong thc cau tao cac chat sau:
a. cis-2-metyl xiclopentanol
b. axit di n-propylaxetic
c. axit 2,3-dihiroxibutadioic
2. Goi ten theo danh phap IUPAC cac chat sau:
a. HO CH
2
CH(CH
3
) CH = CH C(=O) CH
3
b. C
6
H
5
CH
2
COOH
c. CH
3
CH (C
2
H
5
) CH
2
CH(C
2
H
5
) CHO
3. a. Hoan thanh phng trnh phan ng va trnh bay c che:
CH
2
= O + H CN
nc
(1)
CH
2
= CH
2
+ HBr
nc
(2)
Toc o cua moi phan ng bien thien nh the nao khi thay the 1
nguyen t hidro trong phan t hp chat hu c bang nhom CH
3
va khi cho them NaOH vao hon hp phan ng. Giai thch da vao
c che phan ng.
b. Viet phng trnh phan ng khi cho xiclo penten lan lt tac dung
vi dung dch Br
2
/CCl
4
, dung dch KMnO
4
/H
2
O. Cho biet cau tao cua
san pham.
Bai II:
1. S o bien hoa sau:
A (C
6
H
8
O
4
) + 2NaOH X + Y + Z
o Y tac dung vi H
2
SO
4
tao thanh X
1
, X
1
tac dung vi Ag
2
O/NH
3
tao
thanh X
2
.
o Y tac dung vi H
2
SO
4
tao thanh Y
1
, Y
1
tac dung vi H
2
SO
4
ac, 170
0
C
tao thanh Y
2
. Y
2
tac dung vi HBr tao thanh Y
3
, Y
3
tac dung vi
NaOH tai tao thanh Y
.
o Z cho phan ng trang gng.
2. Viet cong thc cau tao cac ong phan vi cong thc phan t
C
5
H
6
O
4
biet rang khi thuy phan chung bang dung dch NaOH th thu
c ch mot muoi va mot ru au khong phai la hp chat tap
chc.
3. Hat oc sam co oc to ten la coniin. Coniin co khoi lng phan t
bang 127 .v.C, cha 75,60% C, 13,38% H theo khoi lng. Coniin
lamxanh quy tm am, khong lam mat mau dung dch Br
2
/CCl
4
cung
khong lam mat mau dung dch thuoc tm. Khi dehidro hoa coniin th thu
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c chat A (C
8
H
11
N). Khi oxi hoa A th thu c mot hp chat d vong B
co cong thc C
5
H
4
N-COOH.
Biet rang trong ca hai phan ng tren khong co s ong hay m
vong va phan t coniin khong co C bac ba.
a. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua coniin va cho biet bac amin cua
coniin A, B . V sao khoi lng phan t cua coniin, cua A, B eu la
so le.
b. e tach lay coniin t hat oc sam vi hieu suat va o tinh
khiet cao nen chiet vi dung moi nao sau ay (co giai thch):
Nc, ru etylic, dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl.
Bai III:
1. Cho hon hp kh A gom mot anken E va H
2
co ty le mol 1:1 ( ktc).
Cho hon hp A i qua ong s cha Ni nung nong c hon hp kh B
co ty khoi hi oi vi H
2
la 23,2.
a. Tm cong thc phan t cua anken va tnh hieu suat phan ng.
b. T B va cac chat vo c can thiet, hay ieu che m-bromphenol.
c. E co 6 ong phan lan lt k hieu la E, F, G, H, I, J.
- E, F, G, H lam mat mau dung dch brom con I, J th khong.
- E, F, G cong H
2
cho san pham hoan toan giong het nhau.
- I co iem soi cao hn J, G co iem soi cao hn F.
Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua tng ong phan.
2. Ve cau trang lech va che khuat (theo phep chieu Newman) cua 2-
metyl butan theo thc t nang lng tang dan.
3. Inden co cong thc phan t C
9
H
8
co cac tnh chat sau:
- Lam phai mau dung dch brom va dung dch KmnO
4
loang.
- Hap thu nhanh 1 mol h
2
cho indan co cong thc phan t C
9
H
10
.
- Tac dung vi H
2
d (Ni, t
0
C) tao hp chat C
9
H
16
.
- B oxi hoa bi dung dch KMnO
4
/H
2
SO
4
tao axit phtalic.
Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua inden va viet cac phng trnh phan
ng xay ra.
Bai IV:
Khi cho PVC tac dung vi Zn trong ru th thay tach ra ZnCl
2
va thu c
polime co cha 20,82% Cl. Polime khong co cha noi oi va khong co
tnh deo nh PVC.
a. Ket qua tren cho biet g ve cau tao cua PVC (s phan bo cac
nguyen t clo trong mach polime) va ve cau tao cua polime mi
thu c.
b. Tnh % mac xch vinylclorua a b tach clo bi Zn.
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Ngay thi: 20 -12 2000
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Bai I:
1. Hoa tan hoan toan Fe
x
O
y
trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
ac nong, thu c dung
dch A va kh B. Sau o lam tiep cac th nghiem sau: Cho kh B tac
dung vi dung dch brom, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, PCl
5
, kh clo
(di anh sang mat tri).
Cho dung dch A phan ng vi dung dch NaOH d, loc ket tua roi
em nung trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi c chat ran A
1
.
Tron A
1
vi bot nhom roi nung nhiet o cao thu c hon hp A
2
gom cac oxit trong o co Fe
n
O
m
. Hoa tan A
2
trong dung dch HNO
3
th thu
c chat kh de hoa nau ngoai khong kh.
Viet ay u cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra trong cac qua trnh
th nghiem tren.
2. Co 5 dung dch anh so t 1 en 5, o la nhng dung dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
,
Na
2
CO
3
, MgCl
2
, K
2
SO
4
va Na
3
PO
4
( so th t khong theo trat t cac chat
hoa hoc). Xac nh ten cac chat c anh so. Biet rang:
- Dung dch 1 tao thanh ket tua trang vi cac dung dch 3 va 4.
- Dung dch 2 tao ket tua trang vi dung dch 4.
- Dung dch 3 tao ket tua trang vi dung dch 1, 5.
- Dung dch 4 tao ket tua trang vi cac dung dch 1, 2, 5.
Ket tua sinh ra do dung dch 1 va dung dch 3 b phan huy nhiet o
cao, tao ra oxit kim loai.
Bai II:
1. Nang lng phat ra (+) hay thu vao (-) khi co mot electron ket hp vao
mot nguyen t t do trang thai kh, tao thanh mot ion am, c
goi la ai lc vi electron cua nguyen t.
Ngi ta o c gia tr ai lc electron (A) cua mot vai nguyen to
xep theo th t so ien tch hat nhan (Z) tang dan thuoc cac chu
ky nho nh sau:
Nguyen
to
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H)
Z Z Z + 1 Z + 2 Z + 3 Z + 4 Z + 5 Z + 6 Z +
7
A (eV) -0,10 +1,4
7
+3,4
5
+
0,57
+
0,54
+
0,30
+
0,52
+1,3
9
a. Nguyen to nao thuoc nhom kh hiem, kim loai kiem, halogen. Giai
thch.
b. Tai sao nguyen to (A) co A < 0 (eV).
c. D oan A cua cac nguyen to (Z 3), nguyen to (Z + 10) co tr
so am hay dng, giai thch.
d. n chat cua (H) co nhiet o nong chay cao hay thap, v sao?
e. Cho biet mot vai hp chat cua nhng nguyen to co tnh chat
hoa hoc giong nh (D).
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2. Co cac muoi sau: NH
4
NO
2
, (CH
3
COO)
2
Ca, NH
4
NO
3
, NaClO
2
, KMnO
4
, NaN
3
,
Hg
2
(NO
3
)
2
, Ga(NO
3
)
3
. Lan lt cho vao chen s, em nung trong tu hot,
sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan, e nguoi th thay co cac chen
s khong con lai g ca, co chen s con lai chat ran. Hay xac nh
muoi nao phu hp vi hien tng tren?
Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.
3. Ion R
2+
co cau hnh electron phan lp ngoai cung la 3d
5
.
a. Hay xac nh v tr cua R trong bang HTTH, R la nguyen to g?
b. Cho biet RO la oxit baz, RO
2
la oxit lng tnh, R
2
O
7
la oxit axit. Viet
phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho cac oxit tren tac dung vi
dung dch HCl, NaOH va RO
2
tac dung vi axit oxalic (trong moi
trng H
2
SO
4
).
Bai III
1. a. Theo phng phap cap electron lien ket th co the ton tai cac
phan t sau khong? Giai thch.
SF
6
, BrF
7
, ClF
3
, OF
6
, I
7
F.
b. Cho biet cau truc khong gian cua cac phan t va ion sau: BeCl
2
,
BCl
3
, NH
4
+
, PCl
5
.
2. Hay giai thch:
- Tai sao nhiet o soi cua nc cao hn nhieu so vi nhiet o
soi cua HF mac du chung eu co lien ket hidro va co khoi
lng phan t gan bang nhau.
- S bien thien cua moment lng cc cua cac hidrohalogenua
HX (kh)
- Tai sao moment lng cc cua cac metyl halogenua co s
bien thien sau:
CH
3
F: 1,82 D; CH
3
Cl: 1,94 D; CH
3
Br: 1,79D; CH
3
I: 1,64D
3. Co ket tua Mg(OH)
2
tao thanh hay khong khi:
- Tron 100 ml dung dch Mg(NO
3
)
2
1,5.10
-3
M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH
3.10
-3
M
- Tron hai the tch bang nhau cua hai dung dch Mg(NO
3
)
2
2.10
-3
M va
dung dch NH
3
4.10
-3
M.
Biet rang T Mg(OH)
2
= 1.10
-11
va K
b
(NH
3
) = 1,58.10
-5
Bai IV:
1. Kh NO tac dung vi kh H
2
theo phan ng: 2NO + 2H
2
2H
2
O + N
2
- Hay xac nh bac cua phan ng, biet rang neu dung lng d
ln H
2
th toc o phan ng la bac 2 oi vi NO, neu dung lng
d ln NO th toc o phan ng la bac 2 oi vi H
2
.
- Hay cho biet moi lien quan gia toc o tieu hao NO, H
2
vi toc
o hnh thanh N
2
, H
2
O.
2. Co dung dch (A) CH
3
COOH 0.1M, K
a
(CH
3
COOH) = 1,58.10
-5
.
a. Can bao nhieu mol CH
3
COOH cho vao 1 lt dung dch (A) e o
ien li cua axit giam i mot na. Tnh pH cua dung dch mi.
b. Tnh pH cua dung dch thu c khi them vao 1 lt dung dch (A):
- 0,05 mol HCl
- 1.10
-3
mol HCl.
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S GIAO DUC & AO TAO KY THI HOC SINH
GIOI VONG TNH
LAM ONG Nam
hoc 2001 - 2002
Ngay thi: 21 -12 - 2001
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Cau 1: (5 iem)
1. Viet phng trnh phan ng khi cho dung dch NaOH d tac dung vi:
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
; CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
, ClH
3
NCH
2
COOH; CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
OCOH; CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
2. Hoan thanh s o phan ng:
Propanol-2 C
3
H
6
2
Br +
A
KOH ac/Ru
B
Trunghp
C
4
KMnO
D
Biet C la dan xuat cua benzen va D la muoi kali cua axit hu c
trong phan t co 3 nhom cacboxil.
Cau 2: (4 iem)
1. X, Y la hai hidrocacbon ong phan.
Hidro hoa hoa toan X thu c 1,3-ietyl ciclohexan. Hidro hoa hoan
toan Y theo ty le 1:5. X tac dung vi dung dch brom theo ty le mol
1:3, Y khong tac dung vi dung dch brom. Tm Cong thc cau tao
cua X va Y.
2. Cho s o bien hoa sau:
Natriphenolat
2
CO +
Apsuat cao
A
1
2 4
H SO +
A
A + B C
8
H
8
O
3
(dau nong xoa bop) + H
2
O
A + C C
9
H
8
O
4
(aspirin) + CH
3
COOH
Hoan thanh cac phng trnh phan ng di dang cong thc cau
tao. Giai thch c che phan ng tao thanh A
1
. Cho biet A la dan xuat
cua benzen cha hai nhom chc v tr ortho oi vi nhau.
Cau 3: (3,5 iem)
1. Theo phep chieu Newman, hay ve cac cau dang ben nhat cua
etylamin, etylenglicol, buten-1, butadien-1,3.
2. a. Khi phan tch mot loai cao su lu hoa ngi ta thay ham lng lu
huynh chiem 4% ( theo khoi lng)
Gia s can noi lu huynh trong cao su lu hoa eu dang cau
disunfua. Hay tnh trung bnh may mat xch co mot cau noi disunfua
trong loai cao su nay.
b. Sn vo tau bien c che tao bang cach clo hoa cao su t nhien
vi ham lng clo bang 60%. T ham lng clo nay, hay e ngh
qua trnh clo hoa va viet cac phng trnh phan ng qua cac giai
oan.
Giai thch tai sao loai cao lu hoa nay ben vi dau m va cac
dung moi hu c.
Cau 4: (4 iem)
1. Cho cac chat sau:
Cl-CH
2
-CH=O (1) CH
3
-CH=CH-CN (2) CH
2
=C=O (3)
a. Hay cho biet kieu lai hoa cua cac nguyen t trong cac phan t
tren.
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b. Giai thch tai sao CH
3
trong phan t chat (2) co the t quay t do.
c. So sanh o dai lien ket C-H, nhng lien ket C-C trong phan t
chat (2). Giai thch.
2. Khi un nong hon hp gom butadien-1,3 va etylen xay ra phan ng
cong ong vong Diels-Alder tao thanh xiclohexen. Phan ng nay se
tr nen de dang hn neu thay nguyen t H trong etylen bang nhom
hut electron nh COOH, -COOR, -CHO va thay H trong butadien bang
nhom ay electron nh CH
3
, -C
2
H
5
a. Khi tham gia phan ng, butadien co cau truc khong gian nh the
nao? Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra gia butadien-1,3 va rtylen.
b. un nong trans-pentadien-1,3 vi axit acrilic va isopren vi metylacilat.
Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra vi cong thc cau tao
cua san pham chnh.
c. so sanh toc o phan ng khi un nong moi dien sau vi axit acrilic.
Giai thch.
- 2-metyl butadien-1,3 va 2-clo butadien-1,3
- cis-pentadien-1,3 va trans-pentadien-1,3.
Cau 5: (3,5 iem)
1. Andehitfomic, axeton tac dung vi nc trong mot phan ng thuan
nghch e tao ra san pham khong ben goi la gem-diol.
a. Viet phng trnh phan ng.
b. Ap dung e giai thch cac trng hp sau:
- Ninhydrin co the ton tai di dang monohidrat.
Vay nhom cacboxyl nao se b hidrat hoa.
- Khi chiet tach axeton (CH
3
)
2
C=
16
O t H
2
O giau
18
O th thu
c (CH
3
)
2
C=
18
O
2. Cho ba chat phenol, anilin, axit 2-aminobenzoic.
a. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng khi cho dung dch
brom en d vao dung dch phenol, anilin. Cho biet hien tng g xay
ra.
b. Hidrohoa axit 2-aminobenzoic ngi ta thu c mot
aminoaxit khac. Hai amino axit nay co mot so tnh chat trai ngc
nhau. Dung cong thc cau tao e giai thch.
3. Epiclohidrin la mot epoxit, nguyen lieu chnh e che tao nha epoxi
dung lam keo dan kim loai, knh, sanh s. Epiclohidrin phan ng vi
C
6
H
5
MgBr tao thanh C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
2
Cl.
a. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua epiclohidrin.
b. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng khi cho epiclhidrin tac dung vi ru
etylic, dung dch NH
3
va khi epiclohidrin b thuy phan trong moi
trng kiem.
c. e ieu che nha epoxi, ngi ta un nong epiclohidrin vi
bisphenol-A (2,2-bis-[p-hidroxiphenyl] propan. Viet phng trnh phan
ng.
d. Khi tron nha epoxi noi tren vi mot amin a chc v du nh vi
N(CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
)
3
th se thu c polime mang khong gian. Giai thch.
O
O
O
Ninhydrin
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
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Ngay thi: 20 -12 2001
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Cau 1: (5 iem)
1. Co ba bnh ng kh rieng biet; O
2
, NO, NO
2
. hay nhan biet tng chat
kh khi khong co thuoc th.
2. Viet phng trnh phan ng dang phan t thc hien cac chuyen hoa
sau:
a. SO
4
2-
SO
2
b. H
2
S SO
2
c. Cl
-
Cl
2
d. NO
3
-
NH
4
+
3. Chon 3 muoi vi 3 goc axit khac nhau e cho phan ng hoa hoc sau
xay ra hoan toan. Viet phng trnh phan ng.
BaCl
2
+ ? NaCl + ?
Cau 2: (4 iem)
1. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng bieu dien cac qua trnh phan ng
hoa hoc sau:
- Cho Clo tac dung vi: Ca(OH)
2
ran am, dung dch dch KI
cho en d, dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
- Cho F
2
i qua dung dch NaOH 2% lanh.
2. Co 8 ong nghiem mat nhan cha cac dung dch NH
4
Cl 1M, BaCl
2
0,2M,
HCl 1M, C
6
H
5
ONa 0,2M, Na
2
CO
3
0,1M, NaOH 1M, Na
2
SO
4
0,1M va H
2
SO
4
.
Ch c dung qu tm, hay nhan biet hoa chat cha trong moi ong
nghiem.
3. Cho H
2
S loi cham qua dung dch A gom AlCl
3
, NH
4
Cl, FeCl
3
va CuCl
2
(nong
o moi chat xap x 0,1M) cho en bao hoa thu c ket tua va
dung dch B.
a. Cho biet cac chat trong ket tua va trong dung dch B.
b. Them dan dung dch NH
3
vao dung dch B cho en d. Co hien
tng g xay ra? Viet tat ca cac phngtrnh phan ng ion a xay
ra.
Cau 3: (3,5 iem)
1. e phat hien oxi co trong mot hon hp kh ngi ta dung dung dch
phc ong. Dung dch phc ong nay c ieu che bang cach cho
cac phoi ong vao dunmg dch hon hp NH
3
ac + NH
4
Cl trong bnh kn.
ay, ban au, khi co mat NH
3
+ NH
4
Cl, Cu b oxi co trong nc oxi
hoa tao ra phc ong mau xanh, sau o phc ong nay b Cu kh
thanh mot dung dch phc ong khac khong mau va khi tiep xuc
vi oxi, dung dch se co mau xanh tr lai. Khi ngng tiep xuc vi oxi
dung dch lai mat mau do tnh kh cua ong. Viet cac phng trnh
phan ng e giai thch cac hien tng tren.
Trong th nghiem, neu thay phoi ong bang phoi kem hoac bac th
co phat hien c oxi hoac clo khong? Viet cac phng trnh phan
ng e giai thch.
2. HA la hp chat kh rat oc, co the nhan biet khi khoi thuoc la tr
nen cay hoac co trong cu san m va khi ot chay cho ngon la mau
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tm. Trong nc, HA la mot axit yeu va con xay ra phan ng thuy
phan tao thanh muoi amoni cua axit hu c.
Trong phong th nghiem, HA co the ieu che bang cach nho t
t dung dch muoi NaA vao dung dch H
2
SO
4
un nong. Trong tong hp
hu c, ieu che HA bang cach un nong 500
0
C va di ap suat
mot hon hp CO va NH
3
.
Muoi cua HA e ngoai khong kh co mui kho chu v chung b
phan huy cham bi CO
2
luon co mat trong khong kh.
Khi co mat cua oxi ion A
-
co the tac dung vi vang kim loai nen
dung e tach vang ra khoi tap chat.
a. Viet phng trnh phan ng e minh hoa cac tnh chat hoa 1hoc
tren.
b. Trong t nhien HA ton tai ong thi hai dang ong phan ma khi
un nong o dai lien ket gia hai nguyen t tao thanh A
-
tang
dan. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua ong phan cua HA (co
giai thch).
Cau 4: (3,5 iem)
1. Co cac phan t va ion sau: ZnCl
2
, NF
3
, SF
6
, SO
3
2-
, SO
2
, H
2
SO
4
, [Ni(CN)
4
]
2-
.
a. Tren c s cua thuyet lai hoa, hay cho biet dang lai hoa cua
nguyen t trung tam va dang hnh hoc cac phan t tren.
b. Hay giai thch s lai hoa tao lien ket trong phan t ZnCl
2
.
c. So sanh goc lien ket FNF trong phan t NF
3
trong hai trng hp
xet theo thuyet cong hoa tr thuan tuy va theo thuyet lai hoa.
d. So sanh nhiet o soi gia NH
3
va NF
3
. Giai thch.
2. Them t t tng giot dung dch AgNO
3
vao dugn dch cha hon hp
KCl 0,1M va KI 0,001M
a. Ket tua nao se xuat hien trc.
b. Khi ket tua th hai bat au ket tua th nong o ion th nhat
con lai la bao nhieu? (Bo qua s thay oi the tch dung dch khi cho
dung dch AgNO
3
vao)
Cho T
AgCl
= 1.10
-10
. T
AgI
= 1.10
-16
Cau 5: (4 iem)
1. Co can bang sau N
2
O
4(k)
2NO
2 (k)
a. Cho 18,4 gam N
2
O
4
vao bnh co dung tch 5,904 lt 27
0
C. Luc can
bang ap suat cua hon hp kh trong bnh la 1atm. Tnh ap suat
rieng phan cua NO
2
va N
2
O
4
luc can bang.
b. Neu giam ap suat cua he luc can bang xuong con 0,5 atm th
ap suat rieng phan cua NO
2
va N
2
O
4
luc can bang la bao nhieu?
2. Trong qua trnh xac nh kh oc H
2
S trong khong kh ngi ta lay 30 lt
khong kh nhiem H
2
S
(co
d = 1,2 g/l) cho i cham qua bnh ng lng d
dung dch CdSO
4
e hap thu het kh H
2
S. Tiep theo em axit hoa hoan
toan lng ket tua trong bnh, roi hap thu het lng kh thoat ra
bang cach cho vao ong ng 10 ml dung dch I
2
0,0107M. Lng iod con
d phan ng va u vi 12,85 ml dung dch Na
2
S
2
O
3
0,01344M. Hay
viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra va tnh ham lng H
2
S trong khong
kh theo ppm. Biet rang ppm la so microgam chat trong 1g mau. (1 ppm
= 10
-6
g)
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:9
***************************************************************************************************************************
S GIAO DUC & AO TAO KY THI HOC SINH
GIOI VONG TNH
LAM ONG Nam
hoc 2002 - 2003
Ngay thi: 21 -12 - 2002
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Cau 1: (4 iem)
1. Bon hp chat hu c A, B, C, D co cung cong thc phan t C
3
H
7
O
2
N,
trong phan t cua moi chat ch co mot mach cacbon. Hay xac nh
cong thc cau tao ung va goi ten moi chat biet:
- A, B, C la nhng hp chat lng tnh.
- Ch co C lam mat mau nc brom
- D la hp chat trung tnh
- Chat A, D co nhom chc lien ket vi nguyen t cacbon au
mach.
2. e ot chay het 1,02 gam chat hu c X can dung 2,016 lt kh Oxi
(ktc), san pham chay la CO
2
va hi nc co t le the tch la
VCO
2
:VH
2
O = 6:7. un nong X vi H
2
SO
4
ac 180
0
C th thu c hon
hp 3 ong phan olefin A, B, C. xac nh cong thc phan t va cong
thc cau tao cua X biet rang khi ozonit hoa hon hp A, B, C sau o
thuy phan th thu c hon hp 3 andehit va mot xeton.
3. Viet phng trnh phan ng co the xay ra gia hai trong so cac chat
sau:
NaOH, (CH
3
)
2
NH
2
Cl, NH
4
Cl, C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl, NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
Cau 2: (6 iem)
1. a. Phan ng este hoa co ac iem g va c tien hanh trong ieu
kien nao? Tai sao?
b. Cho amol ru etylic va 1 mol axit axetic vao bnh cau roi them nv
vao cho c 100ml. Tao ieu kien cho phan ng xay ra cho en
khi at trang thai can bang co K
cb
= 4.
- Hay tnh nong o cua este theo a luc can bang.
- Cho a = 2. hay tnh khoi lng este thu c?
2. Xac nh cong thc cau tao va hoan thanh cac phng trnh phan
ng sau:
C
4
H
5
O
4
Cl + NaOH A + B + NaCl
B + O
2
C + H
2
O
C + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O D + NH
4
NO
3
+ 4Ag
D + NaOH A + NH
3
+ H
2
O
3. T tinh bot viet cac phng trnh ieu che Propiolactit (3,6-dimetyl-1,4-
dioxan-2,5-dion). T toluen viet cac phng trnh ieu che ra m-Toluidin.
Hoa chat vo c ay u.
4. D oan ham lng phan tram cac san pham dan xuat mono clo khi
clo hoa 2,2,4-trimetylpentan, neu ty so toc o phan ng the hydro
cacbon bac 1,2,3 la 1:3,3:4,4.
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:10
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5. Chat A co cong thc phan t C
8
H
18
. Biet A co kha nang trung hp,
cong hp vi hidro, lam mat mau dung dch nc brom va khi b oxi
hoa manh th thu c san pham:
HOOC-CH
2
-CH(COOH)-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
Xac nh cau tao cua A va viet cac phng trnh phan ng.
--------------------------------------------------------o0o------------------------------------------------------
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:11
***************************************************************************************************************************
Ngay thi: 20 -12 2002
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Cau 1: (2,5 iem)
Viet cac phng trnh phan ng trong cac cac trng hp sau:
a. Dan kh NO
2
vao dung dch KOH d va sau o cho Zn vao dung dch
sau phan ng th thu c NH
3
va H
2
.
b. Natri tan het trong dung dch CuSO
4
thay co ket tua.
c. Cho dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
vao cac dung dch rieng biet: HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
,
Na
2
SO
4
va NaHSO
4
.
Cau 2: (2,5 iem)
Do nhieu nguon o nhiem, trong kh quyen thng ton tai cac kh NO, CO
2
,
SO
2
co mot phan SO
2
va NO b oxi hoa. o la nguyen nhan chu yeu
lam cho nguon nc ma co pH thap hn nhieu so vi nc nguyen
chat. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng cho nhng bien hoa hoa hoc a
xay ra.
Cau 3: (2 iem)
Mot chat X mau xanh luc nhat, tan trong nc tao thanh dung dch phan
ng vi NH
3
luc eu cho ket tua, sau o ket tua tan dan trong NH
3
d
tao thanh dung dch mau xanh am. Them H
2
SO
4
ac vao dung dch X
va un nhe th hi bay ra co mui giam.
Cho biet X la chat g?
Cau 4: (2 iem)
a. CO co tnh chat vat ly va kha nang kh tang len khi nhiet
o cao giong nh Nit. Hay can c vao s hnh thanh lien ket
trong phan t CO, N
2
e giai thch cac tnh chat nay.
b. CO co the kh c oxit cua mot so kim loai nen c dung trong
luyen kim, de dang b clo, lu huynh oxi hoa khi ot nong. Viet
phng trnh phan ng e minh hoa.
c. CO la mot kh oc, co trong thanh phan cua khoi thuoc la, khoi
xe gay anh hng xau ti moi trng. Ngi ta dung dung dch
muoi palai e phat hien vet CO va dung dung dch I
2
O
5
e nh
lng CO co trong khong kh. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay
ra.
Cau 5: (2 iem)
CO co kha nang phan ng cong vi cac kim loai chuyen tiep (Ni,
Co, Fe) tao thanh cac phc chat Cabonyl kim loai. Co c kha nang
nay la do cap electron t do cua cacbom trong phan t CO va nh
cac obitan trong co c khi nguyen t cua cac nguyen to kim loai
chuyen tiep trang thai kch kch. T c s l luan o, hay trnh bay
lien ket cho nhan trong cac phan t Cr(CO)
6
va Fe(CO)
5
.
-------------------------------------------------
o0o--------------------------------------------------
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:12
***************************************************************************************************************************
S GIAO DUC & AO TAO KY THI HOC SINH
GIOI VONG TNH
LAM ONG Nam
hoc 2003 - 2004
Ngay thi: 9 -12 - 2003
Thi gian lam bai: 180 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Cau 1: (2.5 iem)
Cho biet A, B, C, D, E la cac hp chat cua Natri. Cho A lan lt tac
dung vi cac dung dch B, C thu c cac kh tng ng X, Y. Cho D, E
lan lt tac dung vi nc thu c cac kh tng ng Z, T. Cho biet
X, Y, Z, T la cac kh thong thng, chung tac dung c vi nhau
tng oi mot.
Ty khoi hi cua X so vi Z bang 2 va ty khoi hi cua Y so vi T
cung bang 2. Viet tat ca cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.
Cau 2: (2 iem)
Cho biet trang thai lai hoa cua nguyen t trung tam va cay truc
hnh hoc cua cac phan t va ion sau: CO, ClF
3
, I
3
-
, PF
3
Cl
2
. Ve hnh cac
dang va cho biet trang thai ben nhat. V sao ClF
3
b bien dang, I
3
-
co
b bien dang nh vay khong?
Cau 3: (2 iem)
1. Mot nguyen to R tao vi oxi hai loai oxit R
a
O
x
va R
b
O
y
vi a 1 va b
2. Ty so khoi lng phan t cua 2 oxit bang 1,25 va ty so % oxi
trong 2 oxit bang 1,2 (gia s x>y).
a. Xac nh khoi lng nguyen t cua R. Viet cong thc phan t,
cong thc cau tao cua 2 oxit.
b. Hoa tan mot lng oxit R
a
O
x
vao nc c dung dch D. Cho D tac
dung va u vi 1,76 gam oxit M
2
O
z
thu c 1 lt dung dch E co
nong o mol chat tan la 0,011M. Xac nh nguyen t lng cua M
va cong thc cau tao cua M
2
O
z
?
2. Mot dung dch axit nong o 30% khong hoa tan chiec inh sat
nhiet o thng. Them nc can than vao dung dch axit tren thu
c dung dch A 100% va dung dch nay cung khong hoa tan c
chiec inh sat. Neu tiep tuc cho nc vao dungm dch o thu c
dung dch axit 30%, dung dch nay hoa tan c chiec inh sat, giai
phong kh khong mau, khong mui. Hay cho biet dung dch axit ban
au la dung dch g? Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra trong cac
th nghiem tren.
Cau 4: (3 iem)
1. Phan biet dung dch cac chat sau ng trong cac lo rieng biet:
a. Ch dung mot thuoc th: BaCl
2
, KBr, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, AgNO
3
.
b. Khong dung thuoc th: NaCl, H
2
SO
4
, CuSO
4
, BaCl
2
, NaOH.
2. A la dung dch H
2
SO
4
, B la dung dch NaOH. Tron 0,2 lt A vi 0,3 lt B thu
c 0,5 lt dung dch C. ay 20 ml dung dch C them 1 t quy tm va thay
co mau xanh. Sau o them t t dung dch HCl 0,05M ti khi quy oi
sang mau tm thay het 40 ml axit.
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:13
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Tron 0,3 lt A vi 0,2 lt B ta c 0,5 lt dunmg dch D. lay 20 ml dung
dch D, them mot t quy tm vao thay qu oi sang mau o. Sau o
them t t dung dch NaOH 0,1 M ti khi qu oi thanh mau tm thay
het 80 ml dung dch NaOH. Tnh nong o mol/lit cua cac dung dch A va
B.
Cau 5: (2,5 iem)
Ba hp chat A, B, C mach h co cong thc phan t tng ng la
C
3
H
6
O, C
3
H
4
O, C
3
H
4
O
2
va chung co cac tnh chat sau:
- A, B khong tac dung vi Na, khi hp vi kh H
2
(xt Ni) thu c cung
mot san pham nh nhau.
- B cong vi H
2
(xt Ni) tao ra A.
- A co ong phan A khi b oxi hoa A tao ra B.
- C co ong phan C cung thuoc loai n chc nh C.
- Oxi hoa B thu c C.
- Khi oxi hoa B thu c C.
Hay phan biet A, A, B, B trong 4 lo mat nhan.
Cau 6: (2 iem)
1. Viet cong thc cau tao cua tat ca cac ong phan mach h co
cong thc phan t: C
3
H
6
O
2
va ch ro nhng ong phan nao co
kha nang tham gia phan ng trang gng.
2. ot chay hoan toan b mol mot axit cacboxilic ta thu c p mol CO
2
va q
mol H
2
O. Biet p q = b. hay tm cong thc chung cua axit, cho v du cu
the.
Cau 7: (2,25 iem)
Hp chat a la mot
PbI
2 (r )
+ SO
4
2-
, K
1
= 4,6.10
-1
PbI
2
+ CrO
4
2-
PbCrO
4
+ 2I
-
, K
2
= 4,3.10
-12
PbS + CrO
4
2-
PbCrO
4
+ S
2-
, K
3
= 7,5.10
-8
3. Hay tnh tch so tan cua PbS.
Cau 5: (3 iem)
1. Mc toi thieu cho phep cua H
2
S trong khong kh la 0,01 mg/lit. e
anh gia s o nhiem khong kh mot nha may ngi ta lam nh
sau: ien phan dung dch KI trong 2 phut bang dong ien 2 mA. Sau o
cho 2 lt khong kh loi t t qua dung dch ien phan tren cho en khi
iod hoan toan mat mau. Them ho tinh bot vao bnh va tiep tuc
ien phan trong 35 giay na vi dong ien tren th thay dung dch
bat au xuat hien mau xanh. Giai thch th nghiem va cho biet s o
nhiem khong kh nha may tren nam di hay tren mc cho phep.
Tnh ham lng H
2
S trong khong kh theo the tch.
2. a. Tai sao H
2
S lai oc vi ngi?
b. Ta biet H
2
S nang hn khong kh va trong t nhien co nhieu nguon
phat sinh ra no, nhng tai sao tren mat at kh nay lai khong tch
tu lai?
Cau 6: (3 iem)
1. 27
0
C, 1atm co 20% N
2
O
4
bien oi thanh NO
2
. Tnh
a. K
p
b. phan tram N
2
O
4
b bien oi khi tong ap suat hon hp la 0,1 atm.
c. Khi co 69 gam N
2
O
4
vao trong bnh kn 20 lt 27
0
C. Tnh phan tram
N
2
O
4
b phan tch.
2. a. Tnh pH cua dung dch HCl 6,3.10
-8
M. Tnh pH cua dung dch NaOH 1.10
-8
.
b. Tnh hang so can bang cua phan ng: 3HIO
HIO
3
+ 2HI
Cho biet
2
0
HIO/ I
E
= + 1,45V;
0
HIO/ 2I
E
= + 0,45V;
3 2
0
IO / I
E
= +1,2V
Cau 7 : (1,5 iem)
Cho can bang hoa hoc: N
2
+ H
2
2NH
3
vi H = -92KJ.mol
-1
.
Neu xuat phat t hon hp cha N
2
va H
2
theo ty le mol ung bang
he so ty lng tc ty le 1:3 th khi at trang trang thai can bang
450
0
C, 300atm) NH
3
chiem 36% the tch.
1. Tnh hang so can bang K
p
.
2. Gi nhiet o khong oi 450
0
C can tien hanh phan ng di ap
suat bao nhieu e khi at trang thai can bang NH
3
chiem 50% the
tch.
Cau 8: (2 iem)
1. Nguyen t cua mot nguyen to
A
Z
X co cau hnh electron cac phan
lp ngoai cung la 5f
3
6d
1
7s
2
. Hay da vao s sap xep electron trong
cac lp (khong viet cau hnh elctron) cho biet v tr cua X trong bang
HTTH.
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:16
***************************************************************************************************************************
2. Nguyen t X tren ng au day phong xa cua mot ho phong xa.
Trong chuoi phong xa t
A
Z
X en mot nguyen t con
A-24
Z-9
X co bao
nhieu hat
va hat
g ong v au va 3,09
A
2
H / Ni
B
0
3
H O / t
+
C
5
PCl
D
+
B
E
2 5
P O
F
0
Pd,t
G
b. Trong papaverin co d vong nao?
3. Hp chat A (C
5
H
9
OBr) khi tac dung vi Iod trong moi trng kiem tao
ket tua mau vang. A tac dung vi dung dch NaOH tao ra hai xeton B
va C co cung cong thc phan t la C
5
H
8
O. (B) va (C) eu khong
lam mat mau dung dch KMnO
4
lanh, ch co B tao ket tua mau
vang khi tac dung vi Iod trong moi trng kiem. Cho B tac dung vi
CH
3
MgBr roi vi nc th thu c D (C
6
H
12
O). D tac dung vi HBr tao ra
2 ong phan cau tao E va F co cong thc phan t C
6
H
11
Br
trong o
ch co E lam mat mau dung dch KMnO
4
lanh. Dung CTCT, viet s
o phan ng t A tao thanh B, C, D, E, F. Viet ten A va D theo danh
phap IUPAC.
Cau 3: (4 iem)
1. T phenylaxetandehit, axit malonic va axit axetic hay ieu che cis-
decalin.
2. Viet phng trnh phan ng cua isobutylclorua vi:
a. KOH trong atanol
b. Amoniac (dun nong trong ong han kn)
c. Magie trong ete khan.
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:21
***************************************************************************************************************************
3. Khi cho tert-butyl axetat tac dung vi CH
3
ONa, dung CH
3
OH lam dung
moi eu thu u7oc metyl axetat, nhng phan ng cua etyl axetat nhanh
gap 10 lan phan ng cua tert-butyl axetat. Mat khac, khi co mot
lng nho HCl th metanol nhanh chong phan ng vi tert-butyl axetat
tao ra axit axetic va tert-butyl metyl ete, trong khi o metanol lai phan
ng rat cham vi etyl axetat tao ra etanol va metyl axetat.
a. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng bieu dien c che cua nhng phan
ng tren.
b. Co the s dung ong v
18
O nh the nao e chng minh c c
che cua phan ng tren.
Cau 4: (3 iem)
1. Co 6 ong phan cua C
4
H
8
(la chat kh nhiet o phong) ng trong
6 bnh gas b mat nhan. Xac nh cac chat trong 6 bnh gas t A en F.
Bat au suy tm trong moi bnh gas cha chat nao, ta quan sat thay:
a. A, B, C, D lam nhat mau nhanh chong (ngay ca trong bong toi),
trong khi E, F khong lam nhat mau brom.
b. Cac san pham t phan ng cua B va C vi brom la ong
phan lap the cua nhau.
c. A, B va C eu cho san pham giong nhau khi phan ng vi H
2
xuc
tac Pd.
d. E co iem soi cao hn F.
e. C co iem soi cao hn B.
2. Cho s o phan ng:
CH
3
C=O
C
3
H
7
C
2
H
5 H
1
. C
6
H
5
MgBr
2
. H
2
O
B
HBr ac
C
(A)
a. Viet c che phan ng va cong thc cau tao cac san pham.
b. Goi ten cac cau hnh cua B vaa C theo danh phap R, S.
3. Hay giai thch s hnh thanh nhanh chong 2,4,6-Br
3
C
6
H
2
NH
2
(C) khi cho p-
H
2
N-C
6
H
4
-SO
3
H (A) hoac p-O
2
N-C
6
H
4
-COOH (D) tng tac vi dung dch
nc brom.
Cau 5: (2,5 iem)
1. Mot hp chat trien quang 5-bromo hexanol-2 trong moi trng kiem se
tao thanh chat A khong co tnh trien quang, trong khi o mot oi
quang cua 5-bromo hexanol-2 tren trong moi trng kiem lai cho hp
chat B co tnh trien quang. Ca hai chat A va B eu co CTPT la C
6
H
12
O.
Da vao cau truc lap the, hay giai thch 2 trng hp tren.
2. X la mot disaccarit khong kh c AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
. Khi thuy
phan X tao ra san pham duy nhat la M (
-D-andoz). M ch khac D-
Riboz cau hnh nguyen t C
2
. Biet:
M
3
CH OH,xtHCl
N
3
CH I,xtOH
Q
2
H O,xtH
+
2NO
2
b. Cu + 4HNO
3
= Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
c. 4HNO
3
= 4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O
d. 2NO + O
2
= 2NO
2
e. 6HNO
3
+ S = 6NO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
f. 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
= Fe
2
O
3
+ 6NO
2
+ 3/2O
2
4. (1 iem)
Ta co can bang: N
2
O
4
2NO
2
(0,125)
Tnh M cua hon hp:
M = 22,4 x 3,11 x
273 27
273
+
= 76,554 (0,25 )
Goi x la % N
2
O
4
trong hon hp, ta co:
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:29
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76,554 = 92x + 46(1 x)
x = 0,663 =
2
3
(0,25 )
Vay c co 2 mol N
2
O
4
th co 1 mol NO
2
. Vay % N
2
O
4
a b phan huy: h =
1
100
2
1
2
2
+
= 20% (0,375 )
Cau 2: (2 iem)
1. (1,5 iem)
Cac phng trnh phan ng: (0,25 )
2Fe + O
2
= 2FeO
3Fe + 2O
2
= Fe
3
O
4
4Fe + 3O
2
= 2Fe
2
O
3
Hon hp X gom Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
Phan 1 + dd H
2
SO
4
loang: (0,5 )
FeO + H
2
SO
4
= FeSO
4
+ H
2
O
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2
SO
4
= Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ FeSO
4
+ 4H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
= Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
Fe + H
2
SO
4
= FeSO
4
+ H
2
10FeSO
4
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 8H
2
SO
4
= 5Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 8H
2
O
Phan 2 + dd HNO
3
loang (0,75 )
Fe + 4HNO
3
= Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
3FeO + 10HNO
3
= 3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
3Fe
3
O
4
+ 28HNO
3
= 9Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 14H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
= 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
3Cu + 8HNO
3
= 3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Cu + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
= Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Fe(NO
3
)
2
2NO + O
2
= 2NO
2
2. (0,5 iem)
Ba(OH)
2
= Ba
2+
+ 2OH
-
(0,25 )
C 2C (mol/l)
NaOH = Na
+
+ OH
-
C C (mol/l)
NH
3
+ H
2
O
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
C C
1
V NH
3
ch ien ly mot phan nen ta co: 2C > C > C
1
.
Khi nong o OH
-
cang cao th pH cang ln, nen pH (Ba(OH)
2
) > pH (NaOH) >
pH (NH
3
) (0,25)
Cau 3: (3 iem)
1. (2,5 iem)
Xac nh A, B va CTCT A
x
B, AB
x
:
Hieu so hat:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 2 3
A A B B A A B B
Z N Z N x Z N x Z N + + + + + + 1 1
] ]
hay (x 1) (2Z
B
+ N
B
2Z
A
+ N
A
) = 3
(0,125)
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:30
***************************************************************************************************************************
2 2 3(1)
1 1 2
2 2 1(1')
1 3 4
B B A A
B B A A
Z N Z N
x hay x
Z N Z N
x hay x
+
'
'
* Vi he (1): AB
x
la AB
2
% khoi lng:
30, 435
2 2 100
A A
A A B B
Z N
Z N Z N
+
+ + +
69,565(Z
A
+ N
A
) = 60,87 (Z
B
+N
B
) (2)
(0,25)
Hieu so hat mang ien:
4Z
B
2Z
A
= 18 hay 2Z
B
Z
A
= 9 (3)
(0,125)
T (1), (3) N
A
= 15 + N
B
2Z
B
(4)
(0,125)
T (2), (3) N
A
= 9 + 0,875N
B
1,125Z
B
(5)
(0,125)
T (4), (5) N
B
= 7Z
B
48
(0,125)
V Z
B
N
B
1,5 Z
B
8 Z
b
8,727
Z
B
= 8 B la oxi
(0,25)
Z
A
= 7 A la Nit
AB
x
la NO
2
co CTCT la :
(0,25)
A
x
B la N
2
O co CTCT la N N O hoac N N = 0
* Vi he 2: AB
x
la AB
4
% khoi lng:
30, 435
4 4 100
A A
A A B B
Z N
Z N Z N
+
+ + +
(0,25)
69,565(Z
A
+ N
A
) = 121,74 (Z
B
+ N
B
) (2)
Hieu so hat mang ien:
8 Z
B
2Z
A
= 18 hay 4Z
B
Z
A
= 9 (3)
(0,125)
T (1), (3) N
A
= 17 + N
B
6Z
B
(4)
(0,125)
T (2), (3) N
A
= 9 + 1,75N
B
2,25Z
B
(5)
(0,125)
T (4), (5) 3,75Z
B
+ 0,75N
B
= 8
V: Z
B
N
B
1,5Z
B
(0,125)
(He 1)
(He 2)
(0,125)
(0,125)
O
N
O
t
0
t
0
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:31
***************************************************************************************************************************
Z
B
2,04 va Z
B
1,77 (vo l loai)
(0,125)
2. (0,5)
(5a2b)M + (6na2nb)HNO
3
= (5a2b)M(NO
3
)
n
+ n N
a
O
b
+ (3nanb)H
2
O(1)
(0,125)
Th vi N
2
O va NO
2
ta thay ch co N
2
O phu hp (a = 2, b = 1), tc la
A
a
B
b
la A
x
B (hay N
2
O)
8M + 10nHNO
3
= 8M(NO
3
)
n
+ nN
2
O + 5nH
2
O
(0,125)
Cau 4: (2 iem)
1. (0,75 iem)
ieu kien e kim loai (khong tan trong nc) tac dung hoan toan vi
dd H
3
PO
4
la :
- Kim loai phai manh hn H
2
trong day ien hoa.
- Muoi tao thanh sau cung phai la muoi tan .
(0,25 )
Th du : Mg tan hoan toan trong dd H
3
PO
4
theo trnh t sau :
3Mg + 2H
3
PO
4
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3H
2
(0,125 )
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ H
3
PO
4
3MgHPO
4
(0,125 )
MgHPO
4
+ H
3
PO
4
Mg(H
2
PO
4
)
2
tan
(0,25 )
2. (1,25 iem)
Cac phan ng cua Mg khi chay trong khong kh :
2
2
1
+ O Mg MgO
(0,125 )
0,04 0,02mol 0,04
3Mg + N
2
Mg
3
N
2
(0,125 )
0,24 0,08mol 0,08
Vi 0,08mol 0,02 - n va
2
N
= 1 , 0 = 02 , 0 = 1 , 0
5
1
=
2
mol n
O
Vay so mol Mg d = 0,3 (0,04 + 0,24) = 0,02 mol (0,25 )
San pham A gom Mg : 0,02 mol
MgO : 0,04 mol
Mg
3
N
2
: 0,08 mol
MgO + 2H
3
PO
4
Mg(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ H
2
O
(0,125 )
0,04mol 0,08
Mg + 2H
3
PO
4
Mg(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ H
2
0,125 )
0,02 mol 0,04
3Mg
3
N
2
+ 20H
3
PO
4
9Mg(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ 2(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
(0,25 )
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:32
***************************************************************************************************************************
0,08mol
3
6 , 1
So mol H
3
PO
4
= 0,08 + 0,04 + mol
3
96 , 1
=
3
6 , 1
The tch dd H
3
PO
4
0,33M toi thieu can dung la :
98 , 1 =
33 , 0 . 3
96 , 1
= V
(0,25 )
* Chu y : Trong dung dch
-
4 2
PO H : khong the hnh thanh
MgNH
4
PO
4
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:33
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Thi gian lam bai: 90 phut (Khong ke thi gian phat e)
Cau 1:
1. Nit tao ra mot so oxit. Mot trong nhng oxit quan trong cua nit la NO
2
,
mot kh hoat ong co mau nau o.
a. Viet cau truc Lewis cua NO
2
va d oan hnh dang cua no bang
thuyet ay oi electron hoa tr
b. Dung thuyet ay oi electron hoa tr, d oan hnh dang cua ion
NO
2
-
, NO
2
+
. So sanh hnh dang cua hai ion vi hnh dang cua NO
2
.
c. Xet hai hp chat khac cua nit la trimetylamin va trisylylamin. Goc
lien ket quan sat c tai nit trong cac hp chat nay lan lt
bang 108
0
va 120
0
. Giai thch s khac biet goc lien ket nay.
2. Ca Nit va Bo eu co the tao triflorua. Nang lng lien ket trong BF
3
bang 646Kj.mol
-1
, con trong NF
3
ch bang 280 Kj.mol
-1
. Hay giai thch s
khac biet cac nang lng lien ket.
3. iem soi cua NF
3
la
129
0
C trong khi o iem soi cua NH
3
la 33
0
C.
Ammoniac tac dung nh la mot baz Lewis trong khi NF
3
lai
khong.
Moment lng cc quan sat c cua NF
3
la 0,24 D nho hn nhieu so
vi moment lng cc cua NH
3
(1,46 D) mac du o am ien cua flo
ln hn nhieu so vi hiro. Giai thch cac s khac biet oa.
4. Phan ng cua dung dch NaNO
3
trong nc vi hon hong natri cung
nh cua etyl nitrit vi hiroxylamin co mat natri etoxit cho cung san
pham. San pham nay la muoi cua mot axit yeu khong ben cua
nit. Hay xac nh axit va viet cong thc cau truc cua axit. Axit nay
ong phan hoa thanh mot san pham co ng dung trong thanh
phan nhien lieu ten la. Viet cong thc cau truc cua ong phan
nay.
Cau 2:
1. Chuan o ien the mot dung dch cha ion Sn
2+
bang Fe
3+
.
a. Viet phng trnh phan ng chung va tnh bien thien the ang ap
tieu chuan cua phan ng chung.
b. Xac nh hang so can bang cua phan ng chung.
Cho E
0
Sn
4+
/Sn
2+
= 0,154 V E
0
Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
= 0,771 V
2. Mot trong nhng phng phap phan tch quan trong e c lng Cu
2+
la chuan o iod. Trong phan ng nay, Cu
2+
b kh thanh Cu
+
bi I
-
va I
2
tao thanh c chuan o bang dung dch natrithiosunfat tieu
chuan. Phan ng oxihoa kh nh sau:
2Cu
2+
+ 4I
-
2CuI
(r)
+ I
2(aq)
(1)
Cho: E
0
Cu
2+
/Cu
+
= 0,153 V E
0
I
2
/2I
-
pK
sp
CuI = 12.
Tnh hang so can bang cua phan ng (1).
Cau 3:
Phan ng gia 24,71g muoi clorua cua mot nguyen to phan nhom
chnh (phan nhom A) vi 10,9g amoniac tao ra mot hon hp cac san
pham gom 25,68g NH
4
Cl; 2,57g mot nguyen to the ran va 7,37g
muoi nitrua ket tinh mau vang cua nguyen to o; phan ng xay ra
theo phng trnh sau: nA
w
Cl
x
+ mNH
3
pNH
4
Cl + qA + rA
y
N
z
Tuyen Tap e Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Vong Tnh
Trang:34
***************************************************************************************************************************
(Trong o n ,m p, q,r ,w, x ,y, z la cac he so va cac ch so phai
xac nh )
Mot mau Nitrua tren no manh khi ap bang bua, nhng khi polime
hoa co kiem soat bang cach un nong tao thanh mot chat ran,
dang si, mau o hong, co kha nang dan ien nh kim loai.
a. Xac nh nguyen to A.
b. Viet va can bang mot phng trnh ay u cho cac phan
ng gia muoi clorua vi amoniac noi tren.
Viet va can bang mot phng trnh cho qua trinh oxi hoa kh co
trong phan ng tren.
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