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Dng 1 :
Kim Lai + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) +
H2
nnhn= 2. n
Cu 1: Cho 5,2 g hn hp Al, Fe v Mg vo dd HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 10,8
B. 11,5
C. 12,3
D,14,6
2,24
= 0,1 mmui = mkim loai + 71.0,1=5,2+7,1=12,3 . Ta chn C
Gii : nH2 =
22,4
Cu 2: Cho 10,8 g hn hp Zn, Cd v Al vo dd H2SO4long, d thu c 0,5 g kh H2. C cn dung dch thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l : A. 40,4
B. 37,2
C. 36,4
D. 34,8
0,5
= 0,25 mmui = mkim lai + 96.0,25=10,8 + 24 = 34,8 . Ta chn D
Gii : nH2 =
2
Cu 3 (H khi B 2010): Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Mg v Sr
D. Be v Ca
Gii : V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau nn s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng nhau v
bng s mol HCl d (nu c) , nHCl = 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl
MCl2 + H2 nn ,
a
2a
a
9 + 40
nHCl (d) = a/2 nn 0, 25 2a = 0,5a a = 0,1 M = 24,5 =
nn c Be v Ca l hp l, chn D
2
Cu 4 (H khi A 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie.
B. liti v beri.
C. kali v canxi.
D. kali v bari.
Gii: Gi M i din 2 kim loi, n l ha tr
2M + 2nHCl
2MCln + nH2
n = 1 M = 14,2
7,1
5, 6
Bo ton elctron :
M = 14,2n
.n = 2.
M
22, 4
n = 2 M = 28, 4
m 1 < n < 2 nn 14,2 < M < 28,4 ta chn Na v Mg , p n A
Cu 5: Ha tan 9,144g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lit kh X
(ktc), 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui
khan l A. 33,99g.
B. 19,025g.
C. 31,45g.
D. 56,3g.
Gii: Cht rn Y khng tan l Cu nn ch c Mg v Al phn ng v m(Mg, Al) = 9,144 m(Cu) = 6,604 gam
mmui clorua = m(Mg, Al) + 71 n H 2 = 6,604 + (7,84 : 22,4).71 = 31,45 gam , chn C
Cu 6: Cho 1,53 gam hh Mg, Fe, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448ml kh (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng th
thu c m gam cht rn c khi lng
A. 2,95 gam
B.2,24 gam
C. 3,9 gam
D. 1,85 gam
0, 448
= 2,95 gam , chn A
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui clorua : mmui clorua = 1,53 + 71
22, 4
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14 gam mt kim loi vo H2SO4 long d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi l :
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
n = 2
14
5,6
M = 28n
Fe vi n l ha tr kim loi
Gii: bo ton electron :
.n = 2.
M
22,5
M = 56
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Mui cacbonat + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) CO2
mmui sunfat = mmui cacbonat + 36 n
CO
CO
Gii: nCO2 =
2,24
= 0,1 mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.0,1=12+1,1=13,1 . Ta chn A
22,4
Cu 11: Cho m g hn hp 3 mui cacbonat ca kim nhm IA, IIA v IIIA vo dung dch H2SO4long, d thu
c 2,8 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,65 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 19,25
B. 20,05
C. 18,15
D. 17,86
Gii: nCO2 =
2,8
= 0,125 m= mmui cacbonat = mmui sunfat 36.n CO =22,65 0,125.36 = 18,15 .Chn C
2
22,4
Cu 12: Ha tan 3,06g hn hp 2 mui Cacbonat kim loi ha tr I v II bng dd HCl d thu c 672 ml
CO2 (kc) . Nu c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 3,39g
B. 6,78g
C. 9,33g
D. Khng xc nh c
0, 672
Gii: Khi lng mui khan mmui clorua = 3,06 + 11.
=3,39 . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th hai chu k lin tip. Cho 7,65 gam X
vo dung dch HCl d. Kt thc phn ng, c cn dung dch th thu c 8,75 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi
l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. Ca v Sr
C. Be v Mg
D. Sr v Ba
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5
= 0, 05 mol = n muoi cacbonat
100
3, 6
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 72 M = 12 nn ta chn C
0, 05
Cu 15: Ho tan ht 2,25 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B ( k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II) bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,56 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi A, B l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Ca v Sr C. Sr v Ba D. Mg v Ca
0,56
= 0, 025 mol = n muoi cacbonat
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
2, 25
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 90 M = 30 nn ta chn D
0, 025
Cu 16: 18,4 gam hh 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim lai nhm IIA hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH,
khi tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,2 mol CO2 . Hai kim loi l
A. Ca v Sr
B. Sr v Ba
C. Mg v Ca
D. Be v Mg
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 2 mol = n muoi cacbonat
18, 4
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 92 M = 32 nn ta chn C
0, 2
Cu 17: Cho 115g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl thy tht ra 0,448l CO2 (ktc).
Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 115,22g
B.151,22g
C. 116,22g
D. 161,22g
0, 448
Gii: mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.nCO2 = 115 +
.11 = 115,22 gam . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo
dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO2 ktc. Xc nh kim loi A v B l: (Mg = 24 ; Ca = 40 ; Sr = 88 ; Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Ca v Sr.
D. Sr v Ba.
1,12
= 0, 05 mol = n muoi cacbonat
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
4, 68
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 93, 6 M = 33, 6 nn ta chn B
0, 05
Gii: Do dung dch Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2 = n = n CaCO3 =
Dng 3 :
Bo Ton IN TCH
Cho : dung dch
M m+ :a (mol)
X n+
v
N :b (mol)
X x- :c (mol)
z Z :d (mol)
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Ga tr ca a l A. 0,222
B. 0,120
C. 0,444
D. 0,180
Gii: nCa(OH)2 = x. nOH- = 2x v nCa2+ = x. Theo bi:
OH- +
HCO3- CO32- + H2O
2x
0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca2+ +
CO32-- CaCO3.
x + 0,003
0,006
Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003.74 = 0,222 (g) , ta chn A
Cu 22 (H Khi A 2010): Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO42- v x mol OH-. Dung dch
Y c cha ClO4-, NO3- v y mol H+; tng s mol ClO4- v NO3- l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch
Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H2O) l A. 1
B. 2
C. 12
D. 13
Gii: LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy nH+ d = 0,01 (mol).
[H+] = 0,01: 0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH = 1 , ta chn A
Cu 23 (C 2007): Dung dch A cha cc ion Al3+=0,6 mol, Fe2+=0,3mol, Cl- = a mol, SO42- = b mol. C cn
dung dch A thu c 140,7gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l?
A. 0,6 v 0,3
B. 0,9 v 0,6
C. 0,3 v 0,5
D. 0,2 v 0,3
Gii: bo ton in tch : 0, 6.3 + 0,3.2 = 1.a + 2.b = 2,4
Khi lng mui m = 27.0, 6 + 0,3.56 + 35,5.a + 96.b = 140, 7 35,5a + 96b = 107, 7
Nn ta c a = 0,6 v b = 0,3, chn A
Cu 24 (H Khi A 2010): Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam.
B. 18,46 gam.
C. 12,78 gam.
D. 14,62 gam
Gii: Ta c: H2O OH + H2.
nOH- = 0,24 (mol).
HCl (4x mol)
H2SO4 (x mol)
th nCl- = 4x ; nSO4 = x; nH+ = 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04.
mmui = mKL + mCl- + mSO4 = 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 (g), chn B
Cu 25 (H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v mol Cu2S bng dung dch
HNO3 va , thu c dung dch X (ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,8 mol
B. 1,08 mol
C. 0,18 mol
D. 0,06
3+
2+
: Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe
0,12 mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 2.a = 0, 2a
a
mol
Cu
S
n = n SO 2- = 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a
S
4
Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D
Cu 26: Dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ca2+, 0,2 mol Mg2+, 0,2 mol Cl- v x mol HCO3-. C cn dung dch Y thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 27,9 gam
B. 59,7 gam
C.30,4 gam
D. 22,0 gam
Gii: Bo ton in tch : 0,1 . 2 + 0,2 . 2 = 0,2 . 1 + x . 1 x = 0,4
Nn ch khi b nhit phn th s c phng trnh : 2HCO3 CO 32 + CO 2 + H 2 O
0,4 -------->0,2
m muoi = m Ca 2+ + m Mg 2+ + m Cl- + m CO 2- = 0,1.40 + 0, 2.24 + 35,5.0, 2 + 0, 2.60 = 27,9 , chn A
3
O ( trong oxit )+ 2H + = H 2 O
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n H + =2.n O =n H 2O
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 19,8g hn hp FeO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 500ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m(g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 13,1
B. 40,2
C. 39,4
D. 41,8
nH +
2
= 0, 4 mO = 16.0, 4 = 6, 4( g )
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Gii: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27,5.1, 6.V V = 0,3 l = 300 ml , chn A
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27,5.1, 6.V V = 0,3 l = 300 ml , chn A
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton m g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 40,6 (g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 30
B. 40
C. 23
D. 32
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl moxit = 40, 6 27,5.1, 6.0,4 = 23 gam , chn C
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 281 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong V ml dung dch acid H2SO4 3 M
(va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c 401 gam mui sunfat khan. Tm V
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600
m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H 2SO4 401 = 281 + 80.3.V V = 0,5 l = 500 ml , chn C
Cu 35 (H Khi A 2008): ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
n FeO = n Fe2O3 coi hn hp ch gm 1 xit duy nht l Fe3O4 v
n Fe2O3 =
7, 62
= 0, 06 mol
127
9,12 72.0, 06
= 0, 03 mol n FeCl3 = 2n Fe2O3 = 0, 06 mol
160
H2 O
m Fe
m m Fe
.3 = oxit
.2 + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N 2O + 10n N 2 + 2n SO2
56
16
m
m
m Fe(NO3 )3 = Fe .242 v m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = Fe .400
56
2.56
Bo ton e :
O + 2e O
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Cu 37: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (A) c khi lng 12 g
gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 . Cho (A) td hon ton vi dd HNO3 thy sinh ra 2,24 l kh NO duy nht ktc.
Tnh m .
A. 38,72
B. 35,5
C. 49,09
D,10,08
+5
+5
Gii: S mol e do Fe nhng phi bng s mol e do oxi thu ( O2 thu 4e ) v N ca HNO3 thu ( N thu 3e ) :
Fe
Qu trnh oxi ha :
m
mol
56
0
Qu trnh kh : O 2
4e
+3
Fe
+ 3e
m
mol
56
2
2O
12 m
12 m
4
mol
32
32
m
12 m
Ta c: 3
= 4
+ 0,3
56
32
+5
N +
3e
0,3mol
+2
0,1mol
(c th dng cng thc cho nhanh nhng vit qu trnh cho nhn ra s tt hn cho cc em)
+ Cch gii khc nh sau da theo (1) v (2) :
56 x + 16 y = 12
x = 0,18 = n Fe
x
y
3
2
=
3.
=
0,3
y
=
0,12
22, 4
.3=
+3n NO vi
.3=
+3.0,06
suy ra
Gii: Cch 1 :
1,344
0,
06
n
=
=
56
16
56
8
NO
22, 4
m Fe
8,96
.242=
.242=38,72 , chn A (cch 2 hc sinh t gii )
56
56
Cu 39: Ha tan han ton 46,4 gam mt oxit kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (va ) thu c V lt
kh SO2 (ktc) v 120 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi v V
A. FeO; 1,12
B. Fe2O3; 2,24
C. Fe3O4;1,12
D. Fe3O4; 2,24
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) suy ra m (xit) = 56x + 16y = 46,4 (1)
120
= 0,3 nFe = 0,3.2 = 0, 6 = x ;(1) y = 0,8 = nO
400
V
nFe 0, 6 3
V = 2, 24(l ) , chn D
=
= (C,D) , 3 x = y.2 + 2nSO2 3.0, 6 = 0,8.2 + 2.
22, 4
nO 0,8 4
Cu 40: Cho m gam Fe chy trong oxi mt thi gian thu c 36 gam cht rn A gm 4 cht. Ha tan A bng
HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 30,24
B. 32,40
C. 24,34
D. 43,20
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 36
x = 0,54 = n Fe
x
y
3
2
=
3.
=
0,9
y
=
0,36
22, 4
+ Cch khc : n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 0,3 nn mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.36 + 5,6 . 0,9 = 30,24 gam
nFe2 ( SO4 )3 =
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Cu 41 (H Khi B 2007): Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO3(d) thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) NO (l ssn phm kh duy nht). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 2,52
B. 2,22
C. 2,62
D. 2,32
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 3
x = 0, 045 = n Fe
3x 2 y = 3. 22, 4 = 0, 075 y = 0, 03
Cu 42: Nung nng 16,8 gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp X gm oxit st
v st d. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 24g
B. 26g
C. 20g
D. 22g
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
3.03 2
3 x 2.n SO2
16,8
=
= 0,3 = x ; 3x = 2y + 2n SO2 (2) y =
2
56
mhh = mFe + mO = 56 x + 16 y = 56.0,3 + 0, 2.16 = 20g , chn C
+ Cch khc : n nhn = 2. n SO = 0,5 mol
nFe =
5, 6
22, 4
= 0, 2
Cu 43: Ha tan 13,92 g Fe3O4 bng dd HNO3 thu c 448 ml kh NxOy (ktc).Xc nh NxOy?
A. NO
B. N2O
C.NO2
D. N2O5
n Fe = 0, 06.3
13,92
0, 448
= 0, 06 mol
= 0, 02 mol
Gii: n Fe3O4 =
, n =
=
n
0,
06.4
22,
4
232
o
Gi k l gim s xi ha ca kh
+2
2
y = 0, 29
3x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0, 29
Cu 45 (HQGHN 2000): m (g) phoi bo Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c 12 g cht rn X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch H2SO4 , nng c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m l: A. 9,52
B. 9,62
C. 9,42
D. 9,72
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 12
x = 0,17 = n Fe
y = 0,155
3x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0, 2
Cu 46: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 37,6 gam hn hp rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ha tan
hon ton X trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,6 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 19,2 gam
D. 22,4 gam
Gii: quy i xit thnh Cu (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
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64 x + 16 y = 37, 6
x = 0,5 = n Cu
Cu 47 (H Khi A 2007):Nung m g st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 g hh rn
A gm Fe,FeO,Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn
hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Gi tr m l:
A.72
B.78,4
C.91,28
D, p s khc
Gii: Gi a l s mol NO, b l s mol NO2
30a + 46b
S mol hh kh l : n = a + b = 0,54 mol , M =
= 10,167.4 30a + 46b = 21,96
a+b
Ta c : a = 0,18 , b = 0,36 , n nhn = 3.n NO + 1.n NO2 = 0,18.3 + 0,36.1 = 0,9 mol
mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7 . 104,8 + 0,9 . 5,6 = 78,4, chn B
Cu 48: Ha tan hon ton 8,64 gam FeO bng dung dch HNO3 th thu c 336 ml kh duy nht (ktc).
Cng thc ca cht kh l:
A. N2
B. NH3
C. N2O
D. NO2
Gii: Cn nh r gim s xi ha tng sn phm kh
n FeO = n Fe = n O = 0,12 mol , gi X l gim s xi ha ca sn phm kh
3n Fe = 2n O + X.n spk X =
3n Fe 2n NO 3.012 2.0,12
=
= 8 N 2 O , Chn C
0,336
n spk
22, 4
Cu 49: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp B gm 4 cht rn c khi
lng 12 gam. Cho hn hp B phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thy thot ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m v
khi lng HNO3 phn ng ?
A. 10,08 g v 34,02 g
A. 10,8 g v 34,02 g
C. 10,8 g v 40,32 g
D. 10,08 g v 40,32 g
Gii: n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 2, 24
= 0,3 mol mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
22, 4
Fe(NO3)3
Fe
0,18
0,18 mol ,
bo ton nguyn t N : n N/HNO3 = n N/Fe(NO3 )3 + n N/NO = 3.0,18 + 0,1 = 0, 64 mol m HNO3 = 0, 64.63 = 40,32 g
Ta chn D
Cu 50: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol 3 cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l:
A. 0,12
B. 0,24
C. 0,21
D. 0,36
n Fe = 4 x
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VNO
VNO = 2, 668 l , chn B
22, 4
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
+2
+1
-3
Sn phm kh N O 2 , N 2 , N O, N 2 O, N H 4 NO 3 i vi HNO3
+4
-2
S O 2 , H 2 S,S i vi H2SO4c
Mui (kim lai phi ha tr cao nht) v Al, Fe, Cr khng tc dng vi H2SO4 v HNO3 c ngui.
v nnhan
+ i vi H2SO4 c :
+4
Sp kh
gim s xi ha
-2
S O2
H2 S
64=2
6 (-2) = 8
60=6
n( cho / nhan )
2
+ nS (trong sp khu )
n( cho / nhan )
2
+ i vi HNO3 :
+4
Sp kh
gim s
xi ha
N O2
N2
54=1
(5-0).2 = 10
+2
-3
+1
NO
N2 O
52=3
(5 1).2 = 8
N H 4 NO 3 (mui)
5 (-3) = 8
n( cho / nhan )
1
Ch : Nu sp kh c NH4NO3 th khi lng mui sau phn ng phi cng thm khi lng ca NH4NO3
Cu 52 (C 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 c , ngui l:
A. Fe, Al, Cr
B. Cu, Fe, Al
C. Fe, Mg, Al
D. Cu, Pb, Ag
Gii: Chn A , HNO3 c ngui khng tc dng Al, Fe, Cr
Cu 53 : Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Gii: S mol e kim loi nhng khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO3 nh nhau
( Do 2 kim loi c ha tr khng i ).
+
+5
+ 2e
0,3
3x = 0,3
H2
0,15 mol
x = 0,1
+5
N + 3e
3x
V = 2,24 lt . chn A
10
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2 H
+2
N
x mol
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= mhh kim loi + mNO = mhh kim loi + 62.nnhn = 1,35 + 62.0,06 = 5,07 gam. Chn C
Cu 55 : Ho tan hon ton 1,805 g hn hp gm kim loi A c ho tr khng i duy nht v Fe bng dung
dch HCl thu c 1,064 lt kh H2 . Khi ho tan 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dd HNO3 long d thu c
0,896 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) . Cc kh o cng iu kin . Kim loi A l:
A. Cu
B. Cr
C. Al
D. Mn.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi b ha tan hon ton trong HCl A phi tc dng vi HCl .
A
x
An+ + ne
nx
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
y
2y
2 H
+ 2e
0.095
H2
0.0475
A
x
An+ + ne
nx
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
y
3y
+5
N + 3e
0,12
+2
N
0.04
A = 9n
n
1
2
3
Chn A = 27 ( Al ) , chn C
A
9
18
27
Cu 56: Ha tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp Al, Fe, Mg bng dd HNO3 thu c 0,01 mol NO; 0,01 mol N2O v
khng c sp kh no khc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m (g) mui khan. Tnh m.
A. 10,42
B. 11,42
C. 9,84
D. 12,04
Gii: nnhn=3.0,01 + 8.0,01 =0,11 mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit = 3,6 +0,11.62= 10,42 gam, chn A
Cu 57: Ha tan hon ton hn hp Al, Fe, Mg vo 800ml dung dch HNO3(va ) thu c 0,08 mol NO; 0,06
mol N2O v 0,01 mol N2. Vy nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 l
A. 2M
B. 1,5M
C.1,3M
D.1,8M
Gii: nnhn=3.0,08 + 8.0,06+10.0,01 =0,82
nN(trong sp kh) = 0,08.1 + 0,06.2 + 0,01.2=0,22
1, 04
= 1,3M , chn C
suy ra nHNO3 = nnhn + nN (trong sp kh) = 0,82 + 0,22 = 1,04 suy ra CM(HNO3)=
0,8
Cu 58: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam mt kim loi cha r ha tr vo dd HNO3 d thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh
(ktc) khng mu khng mi khng chy ( sp kh duy nht ). Tm kim loi
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
0, 672
= 0, 03 , gim s OXH l 10
Gii: Kh khng mu khng mi khng chy l N2 , nN 2 =
22, 4
Bo ton e : mol kim loi . ha tr (tm t l n) = gim s OXH . s mol sp kh
n=1 M =9
2,7
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Al + dd HNO3 d : n Al .3 = 8.n N 2 O = 8y
3,6
2,24
.2 = X.
X = 3 NO . Chn A
24
22,4
Cu 61: Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO3, thu c 44,8 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2O, N2 theo
t l mol 1 : 2 : 2. Gi tr m l
A. 35,1
B. 16,8
C. 140,4
D.2,7
Gii: nhh kh = 44,8 : 22,4 = 2 mol , t t l cho ta t s mol : NO : x mol , N2O : 2x mol , N2 : 2x mol
Nn ta c : x + 2x + 2x = 2 x = 0, 4 mol
Bo ton e :
GV : Nguyn V Minh
27.0,1
.100 = 20% %m Ag = 80% , chn C
13,5
Cu 66: Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Cu , Ag tan ht trong dung dch gm HNO3 v H2SO4 thu 2,94 gam hn hp 2
kh NO2 v SO2 c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi?
A. 30 v 70
B. 44 v 56
C. 20 v 80
D. 64 v 36
46a + 64b = 2,94
a = 0, 05
1,344
a + b = 22, 4 = 0, 06 b = 0, 01
Fe
60
mol
56
+2
Fe
+ 2e
60
2
mol
56
+4
S + 4e
O2
+ 4e
30
30
mol
4 mol
xmol
32
32
60
30
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 2
+ 4
= 4x
x = 1,47
56
32
VO2 = 32,928 lt, chn A
2O
4x mol
Cu 68: Th tch dd FeSO4 0,5M cn thit phn ng va vi 100ml dd cha KMnO4 0,2M v K2Cr2O7
0,1M mi trng axit l :
C. 80 ml
D. 640 ml
A. 160 ml
B. 320 ml
n K 2Cr2O7 = 0,01
Gii : Ta c : n KMnO4 = 0,02
+2
Fe Fe3+ + 1e
x mol
x mol
+7
+2
+6
Mn + 5e Mn
0,02 0,1
V FeSO4 =
+3
2 Cr + 6e 2 Cr
0,02 0,06
Cu 69: Ha tan m gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 long sau phn ng thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh NO v
N2O (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro bng 16,75. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 12,07 gam
B. 12,78 gam
C. 10,65 gam
D. 14,91 gam.
a + b = 0, 04
a = 0, 03
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56 x + 64 y = 14,8
x = 0,15
Fe
Fe2+ + 2e
Fe2+ Fe2+ + 1e
Mn
+ 5e
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
x mol
5x mol
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 5x = 0,1 x = 0,02 mol V = 40 ml , chn B
+2
Mn
Cu 72: Ho tan hon ton 1,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh N2 ktc (sn
phm kh duy nht). M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn
B. Al
C. Ca
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
1,2
0, 224
Bo ton elctron :
M = 12n M = 24, n = 2 Mg , ta chn D
n = 10.
M
22, 4
Cu 73: Cho 9,72 gam kim loi M phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (ktc).
Kim loi M dng l :
A. Cu
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Ag.
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
9, 72
0, 672
Bo ton elctron :
M = 108n M = 108, n = 1 Ag , ta chn D
n = 3.
M
22, 4
Cu 74: Ha tan hon ton 16,2g mt kim loi ha tr III bng dung dch HNO3,thu c 5,6 lt (kc) hn
hp X gm NO v N2. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi kh oxi bng 0,9. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng?
A. Al
B. Fe
C.Cu
D.Na
Gii: NO : x mol ,
N2 : y mol
0,56
= 0, 25
x = 0,1
nhh = x + y =
22, 4
m = 30 x + 28 y = 0,9.32.0, 25 y = 0,15
hh
16, 2
3 = 3.0,1 + 10.0,15 M = 27 Al , chn A
M
Cu 75: Ho tan 8,1 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long thy c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc)thot
ra. M l kim loi: A. Al
B. Cu
C. Fe
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
8,1
6, 72
M = 9n M = 27, n = 3 Al , ta chn A
Bo ton elctron :
n = 3.
M
22, 4
Dng : To mui NH4NO3 (du hiu nhn bit : tao bo ton electron 2 v khng bng nhau nn phi
c thm mui NH4NO3 v gii li bi ton vi x l s mol NH4NO3 ) (cu 76 v cu 77 )
Cu 76 (H Khi B 2008) : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm
bay hi dung dch X l A. 13,32 gam.
B. 6,52 gam.
C. 8,88 gam.
D. 13,92 gam.
Gii: nMg = 0,09 mol , nNO = 0,04 mol
Bo ton e : 0,09. 2 0,04.3 nn c to mui NH4NO3 : x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH4NO3 : 0,09.2 = 0,04.3 + 8.x x = 0,0075 mol
Bo ton electron :
Mg Mg(NO3)2
0,09
0,09 mol
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m mui = mMg ( NO3 )2 + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 09.148 + 0, 0075.80 = 13,92 gam , chn D
Cu 77 (H Khi A 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c
dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so
vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,34.
B. 34,08.
C. 106,38.
D. 97,98.
Gii: nAl = 0,46 mol, N2O : a mol , N2 : b mol
1,344
= 0, 06
nhh = a + b =
22, 4
a = b = 0, 03 mol
m mui = mAl ( NO3 )3 + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 46.213 + 0,105.80 = 106,38 gam , chn C
Cu 78: Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu , Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm
0,01 mol NO vo 0,04 mol NO2. Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l :
A. 3,45g
B. 4,35g
C. 5,69g
D. 6,59g
+5
+2
+5
+4
Gii : N + 3e
N
N + 1e
N
0,03 mol
0,01 mol
0,04 mol
0,04 mol
A. 111,84g v 157,44g
B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g
D. 112,84g v 167,44g
0,15
Cu2FeS2
0,09
0,15
0,3
2Cu + Fe + 2SO42
2+
0,18
3+
0,09
n SO2 = 0, 48 mol;
4
0,18
0,48
2Fe Fe2O3
0,33
0,24
0,33
0,12
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Al
CO
t cao
xit kim loi +
kim loi +
C
H 2
o
Al 2 O 3
CO
2
, iu kin : kim loi
CO hay CO 2
H 2 O
> Al
Cu 80 (H Khi A 2009): Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Gii: mO = 9,1 8,3 = 0,8 (g) nO = nCuO = 0,05(mol)
mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4 (g) ,
Chn D
Cu 81 : Dy cc xit b CO kh nhit cao l :
A. CuO, FeO, ZnO, MgO
B. CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Al2O3
C. Na2O, CaO, MgO, Al2O3
D. ZnO, PbO, CuO, Fe2O3
Gii: xit kim loi tham gia p nhit luyn phi ng sau Al nn ta loi cc xit ca kim loi Na, Ca, Al, Mg.
Chn D
Cu 82 : Kh hon ton 6,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng va 2,24 lt CO (ktc). Khi
lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu ?
A. 5,4 gam
B. 5,04 gam
C.2,24 gam
D. 3,84 gam
2, 24
= 0,1 m O = 0,1.16 = 1,6 (gam)
22, 4
n O =n H 2O =
1,8
= 0,1 m O =0,1.16=1,6 (gam) m kim loai = 6, 4 1, 6 = 4,8g . Ta chn B
18
nO =
0,32
=0,02 = n (H2 ,CO) V(H2 ,CO) =V=0, 02.22, 4 = 0, 448 . Ta chn A
16
Cu 85 : Kh hon ton a gam mt xit st bng CO nhit cao ngi ta thu c 14,56 gam Fe v 8,736
lt CO2 (ktc). Vy cng thc xit st l :
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C.Fe2O3
D. Fe2O3 hoc Fe3O4
n
14,56
8,736
0, 26 2
=0,26, n O (oxit)=n CO2 =
=0,39, Fe =
= . Ta chn C
56
22,4
n O 0,39 3
Cu 86 (H Khi A 2010) : Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau
tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y
thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn hp 3
oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 1,008 lt.
Gii : 3 kim loi trn khi phn ng vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O2, Zn t
Gii: n Fe =
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65 + 52 + 119
+ 71) = 8,98 => a = 0,02 .
3
2.0, 02 + 3.0, 02 + 4.0, 02
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O2: nO2 =
= 0, 045(mol ) 1, 008(lit )
4
Chn D
Cu 87 (C 2009) : Kh hon ton mt xit st X nhit cao cn va V lt CO ( ktc), sau phn
ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc X v gi tr V ln lt l :
A. FeO v 0,224
B. Fe2O3 v 0,448
C. Fe3O4 v 0,448
D. Fe3O4 v 0,224
Gii: nO (trong xit) = nCO = nCO2 = 0,02 mol ; nFe = 0,015 mol
n Fe 0, 015 3
=
= Fe3O 4 , V = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448 lt, chn C
nO
0, 02 4
Cu 88 (C 2011): t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 17,92 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 11,20 lt
D. 8,96 lt
m mkl 30, 2 17, 4
1
Gii: n O 2 = n O = oxit
=
= 0,8 mol VO 2 = 0,8.22, 4 = 17,92 lit , chn A
2
16
16
Cu 89 : Thi lng kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp hai xit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp hai xit kim loi ban u l :
A. 3,12 gam
B. 3,21 gam
C. 4 gam
D. 4,2 gam
Gii: Do Ca(OH)2 d nn ta lun c : nCO2 = nCaCO3 = nO = nCO = 0, 05 mol
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th: m M Cl = 3a.(
2
HCl
0,15
= 0, 075 lit = 75 ml , chn C
2
Cu 91 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): t chy hon ton 26,8 g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu thu
c 41,4 g hn hp 3 oxit. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn dng ha tan va hn hp oxit trn l
A. 1,8250 lt.
B. 0,9125 lt.
C. 3,6500 lt.
D. 2,7375 lt
VHCl =
Gii: n O =
Ta chn B
Cu 92 : Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al2O3, ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d nung nng thu c 28,7
gam hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H2(ktc). Th tch H2 l:
A . 5,6 lt
B. 6,72 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 11,2 lt
Gii: Khi lng nguyn t xi = gim khi lng cht rn
mO = 31,9 28,7 = 3,2 gam n O = n H2 = n CO = 0, 2 mol V = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lit , chn C
Cu 93 : Cho V lt (ktc) kh H2 i qua bt CuO un nng c 32 gam Cu. Nu cho V lt H2 i qua bt FeO
un nng th lng Fe thu c l :
A. 24 gam
B. 26 gam
C. 28 gam
D. 30 gam
32
= 0,5 mol mFe = 56.0,5 = 28 gam , chn C
Gii: n H2 = n Cu = n Fe =
64
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Cu 94 : Cho 34,8 gam hn hp gm xit v mui cacbonat ca kim loi km R. Ha tan ht hn hp trn
bng mt lng va dung dch cha 0,6 mol HCl. Tn kim loi R l :
A. Na
B. K
C. Li
D. Cs
Gii: R 2 O + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2 O ; R 2 CO3 + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2O + CO 2
Qua hai phng trnh ta thy s mol HCl = 2 ln tng s mol hn hp nn thay hn hp bng 1 cht c s
34,8
mol l 0,3 M =
= 116 2 R + 16 < M < 2 R + 60 28 < R < 50 l K (39), chn B
0,3
-
Dng 8: Ha tan hon ton (K, Na, Ca, Ba) + H2O dd kim ( cha ion OH ) +
Ta c pt ion sau :
+e
H 2O
OH +
H2
nOH = 2.nH 2
1
H2
2
mran = mkimloai + mOH
n H+ =n OH-
Cu 95 (H khi B 2007): Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ktc. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 60ml
B. 30ml
C. 75ml
D. 150ml
1
3, 36
H 2 nOH = 2.nH = 2.
= 0, 3
2
2
22, 4
Gi th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M l V n H + =2.n H 2SO 4 = 2.2.V=4V
+e
Gii: H 2 O OH +
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Ta chn C
Cu 100 : Ha tan hon ton mt lng gm 2 kim loi kim vo nc thu c 200ml dung dch A v 1,12 lt
H2 (ktc). Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
A. 12
B. 11,2
C. 13,1
D. 13,7
14
0,1
10
= 0,5M [H + ] =
= 2.1014
Gii: dung dch A : nOH = 2nH 2 = 0,1 mol; [OH ] =
0, 2
0,5
Nn pH = log[ H + ] = 13, 7 , chn D
Cu 101 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc).
Th tch dung dch axit HNO3 2M cn dng trung ha lng dung dch Y l
A. 0,15 lt
B. 0,3 lt
C. 0,075 lt
D. 0,1 lt
3,36
= 0,3 mol
Gii: n OH = 2.n H2 = 2.
22, 4
0,3
dung dch Y n OH =
=0,15 mol n H+ = n HNO3 = n OH V .1.2 = 0,15 V = 0, 075 l = 75 ml ,
2
chn C
+
hoc v d nh phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 l
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
n
Cu
nCu nH + nNO3
n
3+
+
,
,
H
Fe Cn tnh
sau lp t s
v sau ta s mol ca cht hay ion c t s nh
3 8
2
n
NO3
nht vo v tnh V(NO)
Cu 102(C 2011): nhn ra ion NO3- trong dung dch Ba(NO3)2, ngi ta un nng nh dung dch
vi:
A. dung dch H2SO4 long
B. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na2SO4
C. kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long
D. kim loi Cu
Gii: Chn C (xem trong phng php)
Cu 103 (H Khi B 2007): Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3. Vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l?
A. Cht xc tc
B. Cht oxi ha
C. Mi trng
D. Cht kh
Gii: Vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l cht xi ha , chn B
Cu 104 : Xem phn ng: a Cu + b NO3- + c H+
d Cu2+ + e NO + f H2O
Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l:
A. 18
B. 20
C. 22
D. 24
+
2+
Gii: nCu =
nH + = 0,12
3, 2
= 0, 05; nHNO3 = 0,8.0,1 = 0, 08; nH 2 SO4 = 0, 2.0,1 = 0, 02
64
nNO3 = 0, 08
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3C u + 8H + + 2N O 3 - 3C u 2+ + 2N O 2 + 4H 2 O
n H + = 0,08 mol
= 0,06 mol
n Cu =
64
Gii: TN1:
3
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u
:0,06
0,08
H+ phn ng ht
0,08 mol
0,02 mol
0,06
0,16
0,08 mol
Cu v H+ phn ng ht
0,04 mol
0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
0,6
0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
Cu 108 : Ha tan ht 3,6 gam FeO bng HNO3 long, va . Thm H2SO4 long d vo dung dch sau phn
ng thu c mt dng dch c th ha tan ti a m gam bt Cu v to ra V lt NO (ktc). Gi tr m v V ln
lt l :
A. 16 gam v 3,36 lt
B. 14,4 gam v 3,36 lt
C. 1,6 gam v 3,36 lt
D. 16 gam v 4,48 lt
HNO3
Fe(NO 3 )3
Gii : FeO
0,05
0,05 mol
Thm H2SO4 long d. Dung dch cha cc tc nhn ca phnng Cu l Fe3+ , H + , NO3
2Fe3+ + Cu 2Fe 2+ + Cu 2+
0,05
0,025 mol
0,015 mol
0,225
mCu = 0,25. 56 = 16 gam , V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36, chn A
Cu 109 (C 2010): Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau
20
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khi phn ng xong c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N v 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr a
l :
A. 11,0
B. 11,2
C. 8,4
D. 5,6
n 2+ = 0,1 mol
Cu
Gii : n H+ = 0, 08 mol
n NO3- = 0, 28 mol
Kim loi cn d nn Fe+ b chuyn v Fe2+ :
0,03
0,08
0,02
2+
+ Cu
Fe + Cu2+ Fe
0,1
0,1
0,1
Nn : a 56.(0,03 + 0,1) + 64.0,1 = 0,92a a = 11, chn A
Cu 110 : Ha tan 1,28 gam Cu vo 50ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v NaNO3 0,5M thu c a mol kh
NO dung nht. Tnh a ? A. 0,0025
B.0,0133
C. 0,025
D. 0,032
n = 0, 02 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 01 mol
Ban u : 0,02
0,01 0,025 mol
Ban u : 0,09
0,2
0,12 mol
Phn ng
0,2
V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt , chn D
0,05 mol
Cu 112 : Ha tan 12,8 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 1M v KNO3 0,5M. Th tch kh NO duy
nht ktc l : A. 2,24 lt
B. 2,99 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D.11,2 lt
n = 0, 2 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 4 mol
Ban u : 0,2
0,4
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
Phn ng
0,4
V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt , chn A
Cu 113 : Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra
mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15. Th tch kh ktc l :
A. 0,672 lt
B. 1,446 lt
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C. 0,3584 lt
21
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n = 0, 03 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 08 mol v Kh c M = 15.2 = 30 l NO
Dng 10: Cho dd chc ion H+ vo dung dch cha CO3 , HCO3
Nu bi ton hi ngc li : cho CO32- vo dung dch cha H + th ch c 1 phn ng duy nht
2H + + CO32- CO 2 + H 2 O
Cu 115 (H Khi A 2009):Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 1,12.
C. 2,24.
D. 3,36.
2Gii: n (Na2CO3) = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 mol = n (CO3 )
n (KHCO3) = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol = n ( HCO3-)
n (HCl) = 0,2.1 = 0,2 mol = n (H+)
H + + CO32- HCO3+ u tin s c phn ng
0,15 0,15 0,15
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Gii: Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta chng t c mui NaHCO3 :
Ca(OH) 2 + 2NaHCO3 CaCO3 +Na 2 CO3 + 2H 2O
2-
H + + CO32- HCO3b b
2-
H + du
HCO3- CO 2 + H 2 O
V(CO 2 )=(a-b).22,4
, ta chn D
( a b) ( a b) ( a b)
Cu 117 (H Khi A 2010) : Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch
cha Na2CO3 0,2 M v NaHCO3 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l :
A. 0,01
B. 0,015
C. 0,020
D. 0,030
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 02 mol, n HCO = 0, 02 mol, n H + = 0, 03 mol
3
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ CO32- HCO3-
0, 02 0, 02 0, 02 mol
vy tng s mol HCO3 l 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol
+ Sau do H+ cn d ( 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :
H + du + HCO3 CO 2 + H 2 O
0,01 0,01 0,01
Vy ta chn A
Cu 118 : Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 n d th
A. C si bt kh ngay lp tc.
B. Ban u khng c si bt, mt thi gian sau si bt.
C. Khng hin tng.
D. C kt ta mu trng.
Gii : Chn B
Cu 119 : Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 2M vo 200ml dung dch Y cha KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M. Th
tch kh CO2 thot ra ktc l :
A. 0,0 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 3,36 lt
n
=
0,
2
mol,
n
=
0,
2
mol,
n
=
0,
2
mol
Gii: CO2
HCO
H+
3
u tin s c phn ng
H+
+ CO32 HCO3
0, 2 mol
0, 2 0, 2
Do H ht phn ng trn nn s khng c kh CO2 thot ra, chn A
Cu 120 : Nh rt t t n ht 500ml dung dch HCl nng 1,2M vo 480ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M ang
c khuy nh, u. Sau phn ng thu c mt dung dch v V lt kh (ktc). Tnh V ?
A. 2,688
B. 13,44
C. 10,752
D. 6,288
n
=
0,
48
mol,
n
=
0,
6
mol
Gii: CO2
H+
+
+ u tin s c phn ng
H+
+ CO32 HCO3
0, 48 0, 48
0, 2 mol
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Hn hp thng gp :
Mg
1/ MgS
S
Cu
CuS
2/ S
Cu2 S
Fe
FeS
3/ S
FeS 2
quy i v
Mg , S
MgS , S
MgS , Mg
quy i v
Cu , S
CuS , S
CuS , Cu
CuS , Cu2 S
..............
quy i v
Fe, S
FeS , S
FeS 2 , Fe
FeS , FeS 2
..............
FeS 2 15e Fe +3 + 2 S +6
Fe 3e Fe +3
y 15 y y
x 3x x
Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 3x + 15y
v nnhn =( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 1.2,4
x = 0, 05 = n Fe
Fe3+ : x + y = 0, 2mol
3.x + 15.y =2,4 (2) =>
ddA
2
y = 0,15 = n FeS2
SO4 = nS = 2.0,15 = 0,3
, O2
Fe 3 + OH
Fe (OH ) 3 nung
Fe2 O3 : a ( mol )
Cu 2e Cu +2
x 2x x
+6
S 6e S
y
6y
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Cu(OH) 2
Nn m Cu(OH)2 = 0,3.98 = 29, 4 gam
0, 3
0,3 mol
Ba 2+ + SO 24 BaSO 4
Nn m BaSO4 = 0,35.233 = 81,55 gam ,
0, 35 0,35 mol
Khi lng kt ta = 29,4 + 81,55 = 110,95 gam, chn C
Cu 123 : Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ha tan han ton m gam X trong HNO3 d thu c 2,912 lt kh
N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu c 46,55 g kt ta. Tm m.
A. 4,8
B. 7,2
C.9,6
D. 12,0
Gii: N2 : 0,13 mol , Ta quy i hn hp v Mg (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 24x + 32y
0
Mg 2e Mg +2
x 2x x
+6
S 6e S
y
6y
y = 0,45 mol
V
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 3.
V = 24,64 lt, chn C
22,4
Cu 125 : Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS2 trong HNO3 c d c 10,752 lt NO2 ( 27,30C
v 1,1 atm) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo X, lc kt ta nung n
khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 17,545 gam
B. 18,355 gam
C. 15,145 gam
D. 2,4 gam
Gii: NO2 : 0, 48 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 56x + 32y = 3,76 gam (1)
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 1.0,48 (2)
Ta c : x = 0,03 , y = 0,065 mol
m BaSO4 = 233 y = 15,145 gam
2Fe(OH)3 Fe 2O3
0,03 0,015 mol
mFe2O3 = 0, 015.160 = 2, 4 gam
Khi lng cht rn = 15,145 + 2,4 = 17,545 gam , chn A
Dng 12 :
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HNO 3
FeS, FeS2 , CuS, Cu 2S
SO 4 2- ,Fe3+ ,Cu 2+ + NO
n Fe = n 3+ = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe
0,12 mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 2.a = 0, 2a
a
mol
Cu
S
Cu 127 : Ha tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS2 ; 0,5a mol FeS v 0,06 mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu
c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui sunfat v kh NO duy nht . Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,24
B.0,2
C.0,12
D.0,06
3+
2+
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = a + 0,5a = 1,5a
a mol FeS2
Fe
n S = n SO42- = 2,5a + 0, 06
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2
bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 05.2 = 0,1
Gii:
0,
05
mol
Cu
S
2
n = n SO 2- = 2 x + 0, 05
S
4
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
Gii:
y mol Cu 2S
n = n SO 2- = 2 x + y
S
4
Cu 131 : Ha tan hon ton a gam hn hp X ( FeS2 v Cu2S ) vo dung dch HNO3 (va ) thu c dung
dch Y ch cha 2 mui sunfat duy nht v 17,92 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a :
A. 12
B. 16
C. 24
D. 25
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n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
y
mol
Cu
S
n S = n SO42- = 2 x + y
+2
N + 3e N
2,4 0,8 mol
0
FeS2
+3
Fe
+6
2S
15e
x
0
15x
+2
Cu 2S 2Cu
+6
1S
10e
y
10y
Bo ton electron : 15x + 10y = 2,4 suy ra x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,12 mol
Vy a = 120.0,12 + 160.0,06 = 24 gam, chn C
Dng 13 : TON MUI ( TON THUN)
Cho CO2 hocSO2 hoc H2S hoc P2O5 hoc H3PO4 vo dung dch cha mt trong cc dung dch NaOH,
KOH , Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2
Cho NH3 vo dung dich cha H3PO4
V nhiu dng tng t , ta cn lp s mol ca 2 nguyn t quan trng s thy sn phm v s dng bo
ton nguyn t s tm ra s mol sn phm d dng m khng cn phi vit phng trnh phn ng
Cu 132 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH. Tm cc cht tan c trong dung dch.
A. Na2CO3
B. NaHCO3
D. NaHCO3 v Na2CO3
C. Na2CO3 v NaOH d
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO3 ( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
nC = nCO2 = 0,1 mol , nNa = n NaOH = 0,2 mol
n
0, 2
= 2 to mui Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), chn A
lp t l Na =
nC
0,1
Cu 133 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dung dch cha 0,18 mol KOH. Tm cc sn phm
A. K2CO3
B. KHCO3
D. KHCO3 v K2CO3
C. K2CO3 v KOH d
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
K2CO3 ( K : C = 2 : 1 =2 ) hoc KHCO3 ( K : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
ng dng nC = nCO2 = 0,1 , nK = n KOH = 0,18
K 2 CO3
n
0,18
lp t l 1 < K =
= 1,8 < 2 c c 2 mui
nC
0,1
KHCO3
Ta chn D
Cu 134 : 0,5 mol P2O5 cho vo dd cha 0,8 mol Ca(OH)2. Tm cc sn phm ?
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4
A. Ca3(PO4)2
D. Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v Ca3(PO4)2
Ca3(PO4)2
( Ca : P = 3 : 2 = 1,5 )
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 3 mui l
Ca(H2PO4)2 ( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
v CaHPO4
n P = 2.0,5 = 1 mol , n Ca = 0,8.1 = 0,8 mol
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lp t s 0,5 <
Ca ( H 2 PO 4 )2
nCa 0,8
=
= 0,8 < 1
, Chn B
1
nP
CaHPO 4
Cu 135 : Trn 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1 vi 150 ml dung dch H3PO4 2M. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng cha nhng mui no ?
B. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4
A. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4
C. NaH2PO4 v NaOH d
D. Na2HPO4
Gii: Nhn xt : : ch c th c 3 mui l Na3PO4
( Na : P = 3 : 1 = 3 )
( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
NaH2PO4
( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
v Na2HPO4
n(NaOH) = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol = n Na
n(H3PO4) = 0,15.2 =0,3 mol = n P
lp t l 1 <
nNa 0, 45
=
= 1,5 < 2 NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 , chn A
0,3
nP
Cu 136 : Trn dung dch cha a mol Ca(OH)2 vi dung dch cha b mol H3PO4. Chn t l f = a/b nh th
no sau phn ng thu c 2 mui gm Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4.
A. 1 < f < 2
B. 1 < f < 1,5
C. 0,5 < f < 1
D. 0,5 < f < 1,5
Gii: Nu bi ny chng ta ghi phng trnh th bi ton s rt phc tp, khng ph hp cho k thi quc gia
theo phng php trc nghim. Tc gi xin trnh bi cch gii n gin sau :
Nhn xt : c 2 mui l Ca(H2PO4)2
( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) ( cho 2 mui ny )
v CaHPO4
nCa = a v n P = b
n
a
m f = = Ca nn ta thy 0,5 < f < 1, chn C
b nC
Cu 137 : Cho 2,24 lt H2S vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,6M thu c dung dch X. tnh s gam mui thu
c khi c cn dung dch X ?
A. 6,92
B. 2,96
C. 9,26
D. 92,6
Gii: Nhn xt : c 2 mui l NaHS ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2S ( Na : S = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(H2S) = 0,1 mol = nS v n (NaOH) = 0,1.1,6 = 0,16 mol = n Na
lp t l 1 <
nS
0,1
nS = x + y = 0,1
y = 0, 06
Na2 S y mol
nNa 0, 4
=
= 2 Na2 SO3 a mol nS = 2 = 0, 2
nS 0, 2
vy khi lng mui l m (mui) = 0,2.126 = 25,2 gam
Chn cu D ( c th tnh theo s mol Na cng c )
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0,25a
mol P2O5 vo 125 gam dung dch NaOH 16% thu c dung dch Y ch cha 2 mui
17
NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4. Gi tr ca a nm trong khong no sau y ?
A. 8,5 < a < 17
B. 17 < a < 34
C. 10,2 < a < 20,4
D. 1207 < a < 2414
Gii: Nhn xt : NaH2PO4 ( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2HPO4 ( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
0,25a
0,5a
16 125
n(P) =
.2 =
v n (Na) = n( NaOH) =
.
= 0,5
17
17
100 40
0,5a
nP
a
Ta c
= 17 =
n Na 0,5 17
Cu 140 : Cho
v t bi ta c 1 <
nP
a
= < 2 17 < a < 34 chn p n B
n Na 17
Cu 141 (H Khi B 2009): Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht sau l :
B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4
D. H3PO4 v KH2PO4
C. K3PO4 v KOH
Gii: nK = 0,15 mol , nP = 0,1 mol
KH2PO4 , K : P = 1
KOH
H3PO4
K2HPO4 , K : P = 2
K3PO4 , K : P = 3
n K 0,15
1<
=
= 1,5 < 2 nn sn phm l KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 , chn B
nP
0,1
Cu 142 (C 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c
dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l :
A. 0,4M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,6M
D. 0,1M
BaCO3 , Ba : C = 1
Gii: CO2 : 0,15 mol + Ba(OH)2 : 0,125 mol
Ba(HCO3)2 , Ba : C = 1 : 2 = 0,5
n C = n CO2 = 0,15 mol; n Ba = n Ba(OH)2 = 0,125 mol
n Ba 0,125 5
=
= < 1 nn c c hai mui BaCO3 : x mol , Ba(HCO3)2 : y mol
nC
0,15 6
nC = x + 2y = 0,15 mol , nBa = x + y = 0,125 mol x = 0,1 mol , y = 0,025 mol
[Ba(HCO3)2] = 0,025 : 0,125 = 0,2 M, Chn B
Cu 143 (C 2008): Dn t t V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,
Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo
lng d Ca(OH)2 th to 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,120
B. 0,896
C. 0,448
D. 0,224
4
= 0, 04 mol
Gii: Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2 = n CaCO3 =
100
0, 5 <
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0,1
0,1
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO 2 Ba(HCO3 )2
0, 2
0,1
n CO2 = 0, 2 + 0,1 = 0,3 = n O (trong oxit)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : m = mA + mO = 21,6 +0,3.16 = 26,4 gam, chn C
Cu 149 (H Khi B 2008) : Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 84%.
B. 50%.
C. 92%.
D. 40%.
t0
8,96
CaCO3 ,MgCO3
CaO.MgO + 2 CO 2
= 0, 4 mol ;
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
0, 2
0,4
m MgCO3 .CaCO3 = 0, 2.(100 + 84) = 36,8 gam
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36,8
100 = 92% , chn C
40
Cu 150 (H Khi B 2007) : Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan
thu c sau phn ng l
A. 6,5 gam.
B. 5,8 gam.
C. 6,3 gam.
D. 4,2 gam.
Gii: n NaOH = 0, 075.1 = 0, 075 mol = n Na
m MCO3 m MO 13, 4 6,8
n CO2 =
=
= 0,15 mol = n C
44
44
n Na
1
= < 1 N aH C O 3 v CO2 d,
nC
2
CO2 + NaOH
NaHCO3
0,075
0,075 mol, nn m (NaHCO3) = 0,075.84 = 6,3 gam, chn C
Cu 151 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo duung dch cha 0,225 mol Ca(OH)2. Tnh lng kt ta thu c
A. 10 gam
B. 11 gam
C. 12 gam
D. 13 gam
n
Gii: V 1 OH = 1, 28 2 m = 100(0, 45 0,35) = 10 gam , chn A
n
% m=
n Ca(OH)2 , n CaCO3
TH1 : ch c kt ta
, tm
n CO2
n CO2 = n
Nu
n CaCO3 , n CO2
n CaCO3
n CO2 th
, tm
n Ca(OH)2
n Ca(OH)2 =
n CO2 + n CaCO3
2
Cu 152 : Hp th ton b x mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2 gam kt ta. Tm x ?
A. 0,02 mol v 0,04 mol
B. 0,02 mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01 mol v 0,03 mol
D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol
2
= 0, 02 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 02 mol
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
10
= 0,1 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 5.0,3 = 0,15 mol
100
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7,5
= 0, 075 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 05.2 = 0,1 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 075 mol V = 0, 075.22, 4 = 1, 68 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0,1 0, 075 = 0,125 mol V = 0,125.22, 4 = 2,8 lt, Chn D
Cu 158 (H Khi A 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/lt, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,032
B. 0,048
C. 0,06
D. 0,04
2, 688
15, 76
= 0,12 mol; n BaCO3 =
= 0, 08 mol
22, 4
197
n CO2 + n BaCO3 0,12 + 0, 08
n BaCO3 nn n Ba(OH)2 =
=
= 0,1 mol ,
2
2
Gii: n CO2 =
Do n CO 2
0,1
= 0,04M , Chn D
2,5
Cu 159 : Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo 20 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2, ta thu c 6 gam kt ta. Vy nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ca(OH)2l:
a=
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A. 0,004M.
C. 0,006M.
D. 0,008M.
2, 24
6
= 0,1 mol; n CaCO3 =
= 0, 06 mol
22, 4
100
n CO2 + n CaCO3 0,1 + 0, 06
n CaCO3 nn n Ca(OH)2 =
=
= 0, 08 mol ,
2
2
Gii: n CO2 =
Do n CO 2
0, 08
= 0,004M , chn A
20
Cu 160 : Dn V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M thu c 1 gam kt ta. Vy V c gi
tr l :
A. 0,224 hoc 0,896
B. 0,366 hoc 0,672
C. 0,224 hoc 0,672
D. 0,896
[Ca(OH) 2 ] =
1
= 0, 01 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 02 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 01 mol V = 0, 01.22, 4 = 0, 224 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
2,5
= 0, 025 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 2 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 025 mol V = 0, 025.22, 4 = 0,56 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0, 2 0, 025 = 0,375 mol V = 0,375.22, 4 = 8, 4 lt, Chn D
Cu 162 : Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 500 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, thu c 59,1 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 hoc 11,2
B. 11,2 hoc 15,68
C. 15,68 hoc 8,96
D. 6,72 hoc 15,68
59,1
= 0,3 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5 mol
Gii: n BaCO3 =
197
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0,3 mol V = 0,3.22, 4 = 6, 72 lt
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO2 = 2.n Ba(OH)2 n = 2.0,5 0,3 = 0, 7 mol V = 0, 7.22, 4 = 15, 68 lt, Chn D
Cu 163 : Cho 4,48 lt CO2 vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 2,955 gam kt ta. Hy tnh nng mol/lt
ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 :
A. 0,05375M
B. 0,07354M
C. 0,0875M
D. 0,00023M
4, 48
2,955
= 0, 2 mol; n BaCO3 =
= 0, 015 mol
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
197
n CO2 + n BaCO3
2
0, 2 + 0, 015
= 0,1075 mol
2
Cn tnh : n CO 2 ;
n OH ; n Ca 2+
CO 2 + OH HCO3
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CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O , lp t s f =
Ca 2+ + CO32 CaCO3
n OH
n CO2
Cu 164 (H Khi A 2008): Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,82.
B. 19,70.
C. 9,85.
D. 17,73.
n NaOH = 0,05 mol; n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0,1 mol; n OH = 0, 25 mol; n CO2 = 0, 2 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 25
= 1, 25 < 2
0, 2
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y y
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
x + y = 0, 2
x = 0,15
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 25 y = 0, 05
0, 05 0, 05 0, 05
Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 05.197 = 9, 85 gam, Chn C
Cu 165 (H Khi A 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182.
B. 2,364.
C. 3,940.
D. 1,970.
n NaOH = 0,006 mol; n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0, 012 mol; n OH = 0, 03 mol; n CO2 = 0, 02 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 03
= 1,5 < 2
0, 02
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y y
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
x + y = 0, 02
x = 0, 01
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 03 y = 0, 01
0, 0 0, 01 0, 01
Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 01.197 = 1, 97 gam, Chn D
Cu 166 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,125 mol Ca(OH)2.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c ?
A. 15,4 gam
B. 12,5 gam
C, 12,6 gam
D. 12,7 gam
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0,55
= 1,57 < 2
0,35
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y
x + y = 0,35
x = 0,15
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,55 y = 0, 2
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Ca
2
3
+ CO CaCO3
2+
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 05
= 1, 67 < 2
0, 03
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
x + y = 0, 03
x = 0, 01
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 05 y = 0, 02
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ CO32 CaCO3
1< f =
n OH
n SO2
0,5
= 1,17 < 2
0, 425
SO 2 + OH HSO3
SO 2 + 2OH SO32 + H 2 O
x + y = 0, 425 x = 0,35
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,5
y = 0, 075
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ SO32 BaSO3
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0,15
= 1,5 < 2
0,1
CO 2 + OH HCO3
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CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,15 y = 0, 05
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ CO32 CaCO3
Al3+
+ 3OH
Al(OH)3
OH
Al(OH) 3
Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( cha ion Al3+ ) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH
min
= 3n Al(OH)3
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3
2+
2
Ch n trng hp Ba + SO 4 BaSO 4
Cch 2 : TH1 : ch c kt ta n O H
m in
= 3n Al(O H ) 3 = 3.0,1 = 0, 3 m ol
n OH
max
Cu 171 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cc i cn cho vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl3 uc 31,2 gam
kt ta l bao nhiu ?
A. 1,6 lt
B. 1,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,4 lt
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 4 mol
l TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH
max
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Cu 172 : Cn cho mt th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3
mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,2 mol HCl xut hin 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,6 lt
B. 2,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
OH
max
Cu 173 : C 2 th nghim :
+ Cho dung dch cha a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 15,6 gam kt ta
+ Cho dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 23,4 gam kt ta
Gi tr a v b ln lt l :
A. 0,6 v 0,4
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,375
D. 0,5 v 0,6
Th nghim u l TH1 : NaOH khng , n = 0, 2 mol , a = 3.0, 2 = 0, 6
Th nghim sau l TH2 : NaOH d, n = 0,3 mol ,
n OH
max
Cu 174 : Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra 0,78 gam kt ta. Nng
mol ca NaOH dng :
A. 1,2M hoc 2,8M
B. 0,4M hoc 1,6M
C. 1,6M hoc 2,8M
D. 0,4M hoc 1,2M
3, 42
n Al2 (SO4 ) 3 =
= 0, 01 mol n Al3+ = 0, 02 mol
342
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 01 mol
TH1 : ch c kt ta
n N aO H = n O H
min
= 3n Al(O H ) 3 = 3.0, 01 = 0, 03 m ol C M (N aO H ) =
0, 03
= 1, 2M
0, 025
n NaOH = n OH
max
0, 07
= 2, 8M
0, 025
Ta chn A
Cu 175 (H Khi A 2008) : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v
0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,35.
B. 0,45.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,05.
7,8
n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; n Al2 (SO 4 )3 = 0,1 mol n Al3+ = 0, 2 mol
78
n H+ = 0, 2 mol
u tin H + + OH H 2 O c ngha l n O H = n H + = 0, 2 m o l
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH2)
n OH
Nn
OH
max
0, 9
= 0, 45 mol , chn B
2
Cu 176 (H Khi A 2007) : Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy
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ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng.
B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm (cha ion Al3+ ) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d. Chn B
Cu 177 (H Khi B 2007) : Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2.
B. 1,2.
C. 1,8.
D. 2,4.
15, 6
n AlCl3 = 1, 5.0, 2 = 0, 3 mol ; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0, 2 mol ; n Al3+ = 0, 3 mol
78
Gi tr ln nht ca V lng vi TH2 : n
=n
= 4n
n
= 4.0, 3 0, 2 = 1 mol
NaOH
OH max
Al3+
Al(OH) 3
V = 1 : 0,5 = 2 lt , chn A
Cu 178 (H Khi A 2007) : Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu
c kt ta th cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4.
B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 4.
D. a : b = 1 : 5.
3+
Al
+ 3OH
Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3
OH
Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
4a
a 1
> , chn A
b 4
Cu 179 (C 2007) : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr m l :
A. 1,59
B. 1,17
C. 1,71
D. 1,95
1
K + H 2 O KOH + H 2
2
x
x
Ta ch phng trnh cui, cn c th thu c kt ta th p buc n OH < 4a b < 4a
n Ba(OH) 2 = 0, 03 mol
n NaOH = 0, 03 mol n OH = x + 0, 09
n
KOH = n K = x
n Al2 (SO 4 )3 = 0, 02 mol n Al3+ = 0, 04 mol
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht l TH2 :
n OH
max
n Al3+ = n Al(OH)3
Chn B
Cu 180 : Khi cho 130 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,936 gam
kt ta. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH
A. 0,6M hoc 1,95M
B. 0,6M hoc 1,8M
C. 1,95M hoc 1,8M
D. 1,8M hoc 2M
0, 936
n Al3+ = n AlCl3 = 0,13.0,1 = 0, 013 mol; n Al(OH )3 =
= 0, 012 mol
78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n NaOH = n OH min = 3n Al(OH)3 = 3.0, 012 = 0, 036 mol
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n NaOH = n OH
max
n Al2O3 =
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH
min
0, 06
= 0, 2 lt
0, 3
0, 3
= 1 lt, chn C
0, 3
Cu 182 : Cho V lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,4M vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol AlCl3. Kt thc phn ng thy
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr V
A. 0,375 v 1,375
B. 0,5 v 1,5
C. 0,87 v 1,87
D. 0,2 v 1,2
7,8
n Al3+ = n AlCl3 = 0, 3 mol ; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; n OH = 0,8V
78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH min = 3n Al(OH)3 0, 8.V = 3.0,1 V = 0, 375 lt
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH max = 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 0, 8V = 4.0, 3 0,1 V = 1, 375 lt, chn A
Cu 183 : Trn ln dung dch cha x mol KOH vi dung dch cha 0,035 mol Al2(SO4)3. Kt thc phn
ng thy c 0,06 mol kt ta. Gi tr x l :
A. 0,06 v 0,18
B. 0,06 v 0,22
C. 0,18 v 0,22
D. Kt qu khc
n Al3+ = 0, 035.2 = 0, 07 mol
n OH
max
min
Dng 17 : CHO AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MUI ALUMINAT (AlO2 )
Phng trnh ion khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch cha gc aluminat ::
AlO 2
+ H+ +
Al(OH) 3
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
3H +
Al3+ + 3H 2 O
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( Na[Al(OH)4] hay NaAlO2 ) th ban
u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu axit cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n H + = n Al(OH)3
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : n H + = 4n AlO 3n Al(OH)3
2
Ch n trng hp Ba
2+
+ SO
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Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
TH1 : HCl dng thiu (kt ta cha t cc i)
AlO 2
+ H+ +
H 2 O Al(OH)3
0,1
0,1
0,1 mol
TH2 : HCl dng d (kt ta t cc i ri tan 1 phn)
AlO 2
+ H+ +
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
0, 4
0,4
Al(OH)3
n H+
3H +
0,4
Al3+ + 3H 2 O
(0,4 0,1)
0,9 mol
= 0, 4 + 0,9 = 1,3 mol , chn A
c ngha l n
u tin phn ng +
=n
=n =x
H + OH H 2O
KOH
OH
H+
TH1 : n
= n Al(OH)3 = 0, 2 mol
H min
Vy n H+ = x + 0, 2 = 1 x = 0,8
TH2 :
n H+
max
Vy n H+ = x + 0, 6 = 1 x = 0, 4 , Chn B
Cu 187 : Trn ln dung dch cha 0,17 mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(AlO2)2. Kt thc phn ng,
thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,025
B. 0,04
C. 0,08
D.0,015
n H + = 0,17 mol; n AlO = 2a; n Al(OH)3 = 0, 05 mol
2
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TH2 :
n H+
max
Ta chn B
Dng 18 : MUI Zn2+ TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA ION OHKhi cho t t dung dch kim vo dung dch cha ion Zn2+ th c pt ion sau :
Zn 2+
+ 2OH Zn(OH)2
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2
Ch n trng hp Ba 2+ + SO 2 BaSO
4
4
0,1 0, 2
0,1
n OH = n NaOH = 0, 2 mol
+ NaOH dng d ( tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn )
Zn 2+
+ 2OH Zn(OH) 2
0,4
0,8
Zn(OH) 2
0,4
2OH ZnO 22 + 2H 2 O
(0,4 0,1)
0,6
0,3
29, 7
= 0, 3 mol
99
V = 4.0, 4 2.0, 3 = 1
n OH
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2
Ta chn A
Cu 190 : Cho V lt dung dch KOH 2M tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 1M ta thu c mt kt
ta, em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 12,15 gam cht rn trng. Hy tnh V ?
A. 150 ml hoc 200 ml
B. 150 ml hoc 250 ml
C. 100 ml hoc 200 ml
D. 140 ml hoc 200 ml
12,15
n ZnO =
= 0,15 mol; n OH = 2V; n Zn 2+ = 0, 2 mol
81
Zn(OH) 2 ZnO + H 2 O
0,15 0,15 mol
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TH1 : ch c kt ta n
= 2n Zn(OH)2 2V = 2.0,15
OH min
n OH
max
ION
H+
Zn(OH) 2 +
Zn 2+ + 2H 2 O
n H+ = 2.n Zn(OH)2
Cu 191 : Cn bao nhiu mol HCl cho vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol Na2ZnO2 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,3 v 0,7
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,8
D. 0,2 v 1,4
Cu 192 : Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha NaZnO2 0,5M v NaOH 0,1M. Rt V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M vo
dung dch A. Tnh V thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 110 ml
B. 220 ml
C. 330 ml
D. 440 ml
u tin :
H+
OH H 2 O
0,02 0,02
lng kt ta ln nht ng vi TH2 : n H + = 4.n ZnO22 2.n Zn(OH)2 0,5V 0, 02 = 4.0,1 2.0,1
2
Suy ra V = 0,44 lt = 440 ml , chn D v ch : nZnO 2 = n
Dng 20 : TON THY LUYN KIM LOI Fe
Fe + dung dch Ag(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 + Ag
Fe 2+ 2H + Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag +
,
,
,
,
Qui tc anpha :
Fe
H2
Cu
Fe 2 +
Ag
n Ag+
Ta c t l : k =
n Fe
k 2 to mui Fe 2+ v Fe d
2 < k < 3 to mui Fe2+ v Fe3+
k 3 to mui Fe3+ v Ag + d
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
nFe = x + y
n = 2x + 3y
Ag +
Ta c h :
Cu 193 : Cho 4,2 gam bt Fe vo 360 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M lc u cho phn ng hon ton. Tnh s
mol mi cht tan thu c sau phn ng
A. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,045 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,03 mol
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n Ag+
n Fe
0,18
= 2, 4 < 3
0, 075
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
nFe = x + y = 0, 075
x = 0, 045; y = 0, 03
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0,18
Ta chn A
Cu 194 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Trong
dung dch X c cha :
A. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3
B. Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
D. Fe(NO3)3
C. Fe(NO3)2 , Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
3+
AgNO3 d
0, 05
0,15 mol
mFe = 56.0,05 = 2,8 gam. Chn A
Cu 197 : Cho 11,2 gam bt Fe vo 450 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc thu
c kim loi c khi lng l :
A. 43,2 gam
B. 51,4 gam
C. 48,6 gam
D. 64,8 gam
0, 45
= 2, 25 < 3
n Fe
0, 2
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2<k=
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
2x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
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nFe = x + y = 0, 2
x = 0,15; y = 0, 05
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0, 45
mAg = 108.(2x + 3y) = 108.0,45 = 48,6 Ta chn C
Cu 198 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe trong dung dch AgNO3 thu c mt loi mui st. Khi lng mui s
bng ?
A.18 gam hoc 15,6 gam
B. 12 gam hoc 15 gam
C. 24,2 gam hoc 18 gam
D. 24,4 gam hoc 16 gam
V ch thu 1 loi mui nn c 2 kh nng :
Kh nng 1 : to Fe(NO3)3 vi n Fe(NO3 )3 = n Fe = 0,1 mol n Fe(NO3 )3 = 0,1.242 = 24, 2 gam
Kh nng 2 : to Fe(NO3)2 vi n Fe(NO3 )2 = n Fe = 0,1 mol n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,1.180 = 18 gam
Ta chn C
Cu 199 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam bt Fe vo 220 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc
thu c m gam mui st khan c khi lng l :
A. 18,56 gam
B. 19,24 gam
C. 18,42 gam
D. 22,14 gam
0, 22
= 2, 2 < 3
n Fe
0,1
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2<k=
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
2x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
nFe = x + y = 0,1
x = 0, 08; y = 0, 02
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0, 22
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ng dng sn xut
Ma, c ci ng
ng
Ru etylic
Giy, t nhn to
Bc h, hng nhu, s, c
V qu da
Ci da
X phng, nn
H2SO4
Gang, thp
Luyn Al
Nc bin ( ch yu : NaCl )
Dng nc vi d trung ha
Kh c
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Dng nc vi d to kt ta
VD : Fe3+ + 3OH- = Fe(OH)3
Rc bt lu hunh ( S ) to kt ta
Hg + S = HgS
Nc vi trong
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A. H2S
B. CO2
C. SO2
D. NH3
H 2S + Pb(NO3 ) 2 PbS +2HNO3 , chn A
Cu 209: Sau khi thc hnh ha hc, mt s cht thi dng dung dch chc cc ion : Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+,
Hg2+. Dng cht no sau y x l s b cc cht thi trn
C. Gim n
D. Etanol
A. Nc vi d
B. HNO3
Chn A, kt ta cc ion
Cu 210 (H Khi A 2010): Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l
A. CO2.
Chn B
B. SO2.
C. N2O.
D. NO2.
Cu 211: Phn bn, thuc tr su, thuc kch thch tng trngc tc dng gip cho cy pht trin, tng nng
sut nhng c tc dng ph gy bnh him ngho cho con ngi. Sau khi bn phn m hoc phun thuc tr
su, thuc kch thch sinh trng cho mt s loi rau, qu, thi hn ti thiu thu hoch s dng m bo an
ton thng l
A. 1 5 ngy
B. 5 8 ngy
C. 12 15 ngy
D. 30 35 ngy
Sau khi phun thuc th cn khong thi gian an ton thu hoch l 12 15 ngy. Chn C
Cu 212: Mt loi hp cht c tnh c khi c hm lng ln trong nc tng c gi l 3 MCPD. Cng
thc ca hp cht ny l
A. CHCl3
B. HOC6H4CH2OH
C. HCHO
D. ClCH2CH(OH)CH2OH
Chn D
Cu 213 (H Khi B 2010): nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi
ta ly mt t nc, c c ri thm dd Na2S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t nc
thi b nhim bi ion
B. Cu2+.
C. Pb2+.
D. Cd2+.
A. Fe2+.
Cd2+ + S2-
CdS vng, chn D
Cu 214 (H Khi A 2011): Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th
xt vo khng kh dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch NH3
B. Dung dch NaCl
C.Dung dch NaOH
D. Dung dch H2SO4 long
Chn A
Cu 215: Hng nm, vo ngy 6 thng 8 tt c ngi Nht trn th gii u k nim ngy au bun khi tri
bom nguyn t Little Bay th xung thnh ph Hiroshima nm 1945 lm cho hng chc ngn ngi cht ti ch
v di hi phng x vn cn nh hng n ngi dn v mi trng cho n ngy nay. Vic tip nhim phng
x, trc tin l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra thng tn ln h thng min nhim ca con ngi, sau ly lan
n cc t bo trong c th. Ngoi ra cht phng x cn l nguyn nhn ca s bin i gene, t c th xut
hin nhiu bin chng nh ung th, v c th gy ra tnh trng d hnh d dng cho con chu v sau.
Do cht ng v no sau y
A. Polonium 210
B. Urani 235
C. Iod 131
D. Cr 137
Chn A.
Cu 216: Cacbon monooxit c trong thnh phn chnh ca loi kh no sau y
A. Khng kh
B. Kh l cao
C. Kh m du
D. Kh thin nhin
Chn B
Dng 22 : MT S QUNG HP CHT THNG DNG
QUNG NHM
QUNG ST
t st ( cao lanh, kaolin )
Qung
ng dng
Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
Hmatit
Phn chua :
Hmatit : Fe2O3 khan
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
Hmatit nu : Fe2O3.nH2O
Sn xut Gang
hoc KAl(SO4)3.12H2O
Manhetit Fe3O4
Mica K2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O
( hm lng st cao nht )
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Sn xut Axit, Fe
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Chn A
Cu 225 (H khi A 2008): Cho Cu vo dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X ( mt loi phn bn ha
hc), thy c kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh thot ra. Mc khc, kh X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l :
A. Amophot
B. Ure
C. Natri nitrat
D. Amoni nitrat
Cu vo dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X c kh NO bay ra suy ra c ion NO3
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c kh mi khai thot ra suy ra c ion NH +4
Vy phn l NH4NO3 , chn D
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tr ca m l:
A.151,1g
B.97,5g
C.197,1g
D.108,9g
Cu210.Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 thu c
dung dch B ch cha hai mui sunfat v NO l sn phm kh duy nht .Ga tr ca a l:
A.0,04
B.0,075
C.0,12
D.0,06
Cu211.Cho 9,12 hn hp gm FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 tc dng vi HCl d sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c dung dch Y .C cn dung dch Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam
FeCl3.Ga tr ca m l:
A.9,75g
B.8,75g
C.7,8g
D.6,5g
Cu212.Cho m gam hn hp gm Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch H2SO4.Sau khi phan3 ng
kt thc lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn.Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng
ca Zn trong hn hp ban u l:
A.90,27%
B.12,67%
C.85,30%
D.82,20%
Cu213.Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg,Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33g.Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l:
A.57ml
B.50ml
C.75ml
D.90ml
Cu214.Cho 6,72 g Fe vo 400ml dung dch HNO3 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X.Dung dch X c th hon tan ti a bao
nhiu gam Cu?
A.1,92g
B.0,64g
C.3,84g
D.3,20g
Cu215.t chy hon ton m gam hn hp ba ancol n chc thuc cng dy ng ng thu
c 3,808 lt CO2 v 5,4 gam nc.Ga tr m l:
A.4,72g
B.5,42g
C.7,42 g
D.5,72 g
Cu216.Hn hp X gm axit panmitic ,axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam hn
hp X cn 40ml dung dch NaOH 1M.Mt khc nu t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X th
thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 v 11,7 gam nc.S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X
l:
A.0,015
B.0,010
C.0,020
D.0,005
Cu217.Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3 MgO,ZnO trong 500ml dung dch axit
sunfuric 0,1M .Sau phn ng khi lng mui sunfat khan thu c sau khi c cn hon ton
dung dch trn l:
A.3,81g
B.4,81g
B.5,81g
D.6,81g
Cu218.Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO,ZnO trong 500ml dung dch HCl
0,2M .Sau phn ng c cn dung dch c 5,56 gam mui clorua khan.Gi tr m l:
A.2,81g
B.3,81g
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C.4,81g
D.5,81g
Cu219.Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe v Cu (t l 1:1) bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V
lt hn hp X gm hai kh NO v NO2 v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d).T khi
hi ca X so vi H2 l 19.Ga tr ca V l:
A.2,24l
B.4,48l
C.5,60l
D.3,36l
Cu220.Ha tan hon ton 5,4g Al vo dung dch HNO3 long thy bay ra 0,896 lt kh X v
44,6 gam mui .X l:
A.NO2
B.NO
D.N2O.
C.N2
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