Cac Dang Toan Vo Co

GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Cc Dng Thng Gp
Dng 1 :
Kim Lai + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) +
H2
mmui sunfat = mkim loi + 96 n H 2 hay

mmui clorua = mkim loi + 71 n H 2
Bo ton e : ncho = nnhn vi ncho= mol kim loi . ha tr kim loi
nnhn= 2. n
Cu 1: Cho 5,2 g hn hp Al, Fe v Mg vo dd HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 10,8
B. 11,5
C. 12,3
D,14,6
2,24
= 0,1 mmui = mkim loai + 71.0,1=5,2+7,1=12,3 . Ta chn C
Gii : nH2 =
22,4
Cu 2: Cho 10,8 g hn hp Zn, Cd v Al vo dd H2SO4long, d thu c 0,5 g kh H2. C cn dung dch thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l : A. 40,4
B. 37,2
C. 36,4
D. 34,8
0,5
= 0,25 mmui = mkim lai + 96.0,25=10,8 + 24 = 34,8 . Ta chn D
Gii : nH2 =
2
Cu 3 (H khi B 2010): Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Mg v Sr
D. Be v Ca
Gii : V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau nn s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng nhau v
bng s mol HCl d (nu c) , nHCl = 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl
MCl2 + H2 nn ,
a
2a
a
9 + 40
nHCl (d) = a/2 nn 0, 25 2a = 0,5a a = 0,1 M = 24,5 =
nn c Be v Ca l hp l, chn D
2
Cu 4 (H khi A 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie.
B. liti v beri.
C. kali v canxi.
D. kali v bari.
Gii: Gi M i din 2 kim loi, n l ha tr
2M + 2nHCl
2MCln + nH2
n = 1 M = 14,2
7,1
5, 6
Bo ton elctron :
M = 14,2n
.n = 2.
M
22, 4
n = 2 M = 28, 4
m 1 < n < 2 nn 14,2 < M < 28,4 ta chn Na v Mg , p n A
Cu 5: Ha tan 9,144g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lit kh X
(ktc), 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui
khan l A. 33,99g.
B. 19,025g.
C. 31,45g.
D. 56,3g.
Gii: Cht rn Y khng tan l Cu nn ch c Mg v Al phn ng v m(Mg, Al) = 9,144 m(Cu) = 6,604 gam
mmui clorua = m(Mg, Al) + 71 n H 2 = 6,604 + (7,84 : 22,4).71 = 31,45 gam , chn C
Cu 6: Cho 1,53 gam hh Mg, Fe, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448ml kh (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng th
thu c m gam cht rn c khi lng
A. 2,95 gam
B.2,24 gam
C. 3,9 gam
D. 1,85 gam
0, 448
= 2,95 gam , chn A
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui clorua : mmui clorua = 1,53 + 71
22, 4
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14 gam mt kim loi vo H2SO4 long d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi l :
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
n = 2
14
5,6
M = 28n
Fe vi n l ha tr kim loi
Gii: bo ton electron :
.n = 2.
M
22,5
M = 56
Email : minhnguyen249@yahoo.com
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Ch : Fe tc dng vi axit loi 1 ch ra hoa1 tr II

Cu 8 (C 2007): Ha tan han ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 long thu c 1,344 lt hidro(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Ga tr ca m l?
A. 10,27
B. 8,98
C. 7,25
D. 9,52
1, 3 4 4
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui sunfat : m mui sunfat = 3,22 + 96
= 8,98 gam , chn B
22, 4
Cu 9 (C 2007): Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na.
B. Ca.
C. Ba.
D. K.
Gii: Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy KL l ha tr II hoc ha tr I ,ta ln lt xt hai trng hp:
Nu l KL ha tr II: MO + H2O M(OH)2
M + H2O M(OH)2 + H2
;
0,01
0,01 mol
0,01
0,01
0,01mol
2,9 = 0.01(M+16) + M.0,01 M =137 Ba, chn C
Dng 2 :
Mui cacbonat + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) CO2
mmui sunfat = mmui cacbonat + 36 n
CO
mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11 n
CO
22do CO3 +H 2SO4 SO4 +CO2 +H 2O
do CO3 +2HCl 2Cl +CO 2 +H 2 O

2-
v nmui cacbonat = n mui hidr cacbonat = n CO2

Cu 10: Cho 12 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca kim lai kim v kim th vo dung dch cha HCl d thu c
2,24 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 13,1
B. 12,1
C. 9,1
D. 11,1
Gii: nCO2 =
2,24
= 0,1 mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.0,1=12+1,1=13,1 . Ta chn A
22,4
Cu 11: Cho m g hn hp 3 mui cacbonat ca kim nhm IA, IIA v IIIA vo dung dch H2SO4long, d thu
c 2,8 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,65 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 19,25
B. 20,05
C. 18,15
D. 17,86
Gii: nCO2 =
2,8
= 0,125 m= mmui cacbonat = mmui sunfat 36.n CO =22,65 0,125.36 = 18,15 .Chn C
2
22,4
Cu 12: Ha tan 3,06g hn hp 2 mui Cacbonat kim loi ha tr I v II bng dd HCl d thu c 672 ml
CO2 (kc) . Nu c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 3,39g
B. 6,78g
C. 9,33g
D. Khng xc nh c
0, 672
Gii: Khi lng mui khan mmui clorua = 3,06 + 11.
=3,39 . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th hai chu k lin tip. Cho 7,65 gam X
vo dung dch HCl d. Kt thc phn ng, c cn dung dch th thu c 8,75 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi
l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. Ca v Sr
C. Be v Mg
D. Sr v Ba
mmuoi clorua mmuoi cacbonat 8, 75 7, 65

=
= 0,1 = nmuoi cacbonat
11
11
7, 65
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 76,5 M = 16,5 nn ta chn C
0,1
Cu 14: Cho 3,6 gam hn hp A. gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh
nhm II.Cho A. tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c kh B.. Cho B. sc vo dung dch dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy to thnh 5 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi l g?
A. Ca v Mg
B. Ca v Sr
C. Mg v Be
D.Khng xc nh c
Gii: nCO2 =
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
5
= 0, 05 mol = n muoi cacbonat
100
3, 6
= 72 M = 12 nn ta chn C
0, 05
Cu 15: Ho tan ht 2,25 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B ( k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II) bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,56 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi A, B l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Ca v Sr C. Sr v Ba D. Mg v Ca
0,56
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
2, 25
= 90 M = 30 nn ta chn D
0, 025
Cu 16: 18,4 gam hh 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim lai nhm IIA hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH,
khi tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,2 mol CO2 . Hai kim loi l
A. Ca v Sr
B. Sr v Ba
C. Mg v Ca
D. Be v Mg
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 2 mol = n muoi cacbonat
18, 4
= 92 M = 32 nn ta chn C
0, 2
Cu 17: Cho 115g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl thy tht ra 0,448l CO2 (ktc).
Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 115,22g
B.151,22g
C. 116,22g
D. 161,22g
0, 448
Gii: mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.nCO2 = 115 +
.11 = 115,22 gam . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo
dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO2 ktc. Xc nh kim loi A v B l: (Mg = 24 ; Ca = 40 ; Sr = 88 ; Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Ca v Sr.
D. Sr v Ba.
1,12
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
4, 68
= 93, 6 M = 33, 6 nn ta chn B
0, 05
Gii: Do dung dch Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2 = n = n CaCO3 =
Dng 3 :
Bo Ton IN TCH
Cho : dung dch
M m+ :a (mol)
X n+
v
N :b (mol)
X x- :c (mol)
z Z :d (mol)
Bo ton in tch : m.a + n.b = x.c + z.d

mmui= khi lng tt c ion = M.a + N.b + X.c + Z.d
Cu 19: Mt dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ca 2+ ; 0,1 mol Mg 2+ ;0,1 mol HCO3 v x mol Cl . Tm x ?
A. 0,5
B. 0,6
C. 0,7
D. 0,8
Gii: 0,2.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,1.1 + x.1 suy ra x = 0,5 chn A
Cu 20: Mt dung dch cha 0,1 mol M 2+ ; 0,05 mol Al3+ ; 0,1 mol Cl v x mol SO 4 2 . C cn dung dch thu
c 19,3 mui khan. Tm kim lai M.
A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Fe
D. Cu
Gii: 0,1.2 + 0,05.3 = 0,1.1 + x.2 suy ra x = 0,125
mmui = M.0,1 + 27.0,05 + 35,5.0,1 + 96.0,125 =19,3 suy ra M = 24 (Mg), chn A
Cu 21 (H Khi A 2010): Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; 0,003 mol Ca2+; 0,006 mol Cl-; 0,006
2+
HCO3 v 0,001 mol NO3 . loi b ht Ca trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Ga tr ca a l A. 0,222
B. 0,120
C. 0,444
D. 0,180
Gii: nCa(OH)2 = x. nOH- = 2x v nCa2+ = x. Theo bi:
OH- +
HCO3- CO32- + H2O
2x
0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca2+ +
CO32-- CaCO3.
x + 0,003
0,006
Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003.74 = 0,222 (g) , ta chn A
Cu 22 (H Khi A 2010): Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO42- v x mol OH-. Dung dch
Y c cha ClO4-, NO3- v y mol H+; tng s mol ClO4- v NO3- l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch
Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H2O) l A. 1
B. 2
C. 12
D. 13
Gii: LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy nH+ d = 0,01 (mol).
[H+] = 0,01: 0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH = 1 , ta chn A
Cu 23 (C 2007): Dung dch A cha cc ion Al3+=0,6 mol, Fe2+=0,3mol, Cl- = a mol, SO42- = b mol. C cn
dung dch A thu c 140,7gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l?
A. 0,6 v 0,3
B. 0,9 v 0,6
C. 0,3 v 0,5
D. 0,2 v 0,3
Gii: bo ton in tch : 0, 6.3 + 0,3.2 = 1.a + 2.b = 2,4
Khi lng mui m = 27.0, 6 + 0,3.56 + 35,5.a + 96.b = 140, 7 35,5a + 96b = 107, 7
Nn ta c a = 0,6 v b = 0,3, chn A
Cu 24 (H Khi A 2010): Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam.
B. 18,46 gam.
C. 12,78 gam.
D. 14,62 gam
Gii: Ta c: H2O OH + H2.
nOH- = 0,24 (mol).
HCl (4x mol)
H2SO4 (x mol)
th nCl- = 4x ; nSO4 = x; nH+ = 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04.
mmui = mKL + mCl- + mSO4 = 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 (g), chn B
Cu 25 (H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v mol Cu2S bng dung dch
HNO3 va , thu c dung dch X (ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,8 mol
B. 1,08 mol
C. 0,18 mol
D. 0,06
3+
2+
: Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe
0,12 mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 2.a = 0, 2a
a
mol
Cu
S
n = n SO 2- = 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a
S
4
Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D
Cu 26: Dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ca2+, 0,2 mol Mg2+, 0,2 mol Cl- v x mol HCO3-. C cn dung dch Y thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 27,9 gam
B. 59,7 gam
C.30,4 gam
D. 22,0 gam
Gii: Bo ton in tch : 0,1 . 2 + 0,2 . 2 = 0,2 . 1 + x . 1 x = 0,4
Nn ch khi b nhit phn th s c phng trnh : 2HCO3 CO 32 + CO 2 + H 2 O
0,4 -------->0,2
m muoi = m Ca 2+ + m Mg 2+ + m Cl- + m CO 2- = 0,1.40 + 0, 2.24 + 35,5.0, 2 + 0, 2.60 = 27,9 , chn A
3
Dng 4: xit kim loi + Axit mui + H2O

2-
M 2 O n + HCl ( hay H 2SO 4 ) mui + nc
O ( trong oxit )+ 2H + = H 2 O
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
n H + =2.n O =n H 2O
mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit vi mkim loi = m xit mO

Hoc c th dng cng th tnh nhanh cho trc nghim :
v
+ i vi H2SO4 (long) : m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H 2SO4

+ i vi HCl
: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 19,8g hn hp FeO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 500ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m(g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 13,1
B. 40,2
C. 39,4
D. 41,8
Gii: nHCl = 0,5.1, 6 = 0,8 nH + = 0,8 nO =
nH +
2
= 0, 4 mO = 16.0, 4 = 6, 4( g )
mkl = 19,8 6, 4 = 13, 4( g ), nCl = 0,8 mCl = 0,8.35, 5 = 28, 4

Vy mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit = 13,4 + 28,4 = 41,8 (g) . Chn D
Hoc dng cng thc gii nhanh : m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl = 19,8 + 27,5. 0,5 . 1,6 = 41,8 (g)
Cu 28 (H Khi A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dung
dch acid H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 6,81g
B. 4,81g
C. 3,81g
D. 5,81g
Gii: nH2SO4 = 0,05 = n SO42 nH+ = 0,1
2H+ + O2 = H2O
0,1 0,05 mol
mmui = moxit mO(trong oxit) + mgc axit = 2,81 0,05.16 +0,05.96 = 6,81 gam, chn A
Cu 29: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt kh H2
( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi m gam hn hp X l:
A. 2,80 lt
B. 1,68 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 3,92 lt
5, 6
= 0,5 mol
Gii: TH1 : X + HCl : n e-cho = 2.
22, 4
VO
n e-cho = 4.n O2 = 4. 2 mol
TH2 : X + O2 : 2O 2 O 2 + 4e
22, 4
Do ha tr 2 kim loi khng i nn s mol e cho ca 2 phng trnh bng nhau
VO
0,5 = 4. 2 mol VO2 = 2,8 lit , chn A
22, 4
Cu 30: Cho 50 gam hn hp gm ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, MgO tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 4M (va
) thu c dung dch X. Lng mui c trong dung dch X l :
A. 79,2 g
B. 78,4 gam
C. 72 gam
D. 72,9 gam
Gii: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl = 50 + 27,5. 0,2 . 4 = 72 (g), chn C
Cu 31: tc dng va vi 7,68 gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng 260 ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta thu c nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng
i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l :
A. 6 gam
B. 7 gam
C. 8 gam
D. 9 gam
1
Gii: n H+ = n HCl = 0, 26 mol , n O (trong oxit) = n H+ = 0,13 mol m Fe = 7, 68 0,13.16 = 5, 6 g
2
n Fe = 0,1 mol , s hp thc : 2Fe Fe2O3
0,1
0,05
, m Fe2O3 = 160.0,05 = 8 gam, chn C
Cu 32.: Ha tan hon ton 15 g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va V ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m = 28,2 (g) mui khan. Tm V
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Gii: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27,5.1, 6.V V = 0,3 l = 300 ml , chn A
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27,5.1, 6.V V = 0,3 l = 300 ml , chn A
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton m g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 40,6 (g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 30
B. 40
C. 23
D. 32
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl moxit = 40, 6 27,5.1, 6.0,4 = 23 gam , chn C
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 281 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong V ml dung dch acid H2SO4 3 M
(va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c 401 gam mui sunfat khan. Tm V
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600
m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H 2SO4 401 = 281 + 80.3.V V = 0,5 l = 500 ml , chn C
Cu 35 (H Khi A 2008): ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
n FeO = n Fe2O3 coi hn hp ch gm 1 xit duy nht l Fe3O4 v
n Fe3O4 = 0, 01 mol n O = 0, 04 mol n H + = 2n O = 0, 08 mol = n HCl suy ra V = 0,08 lt, chn C

Cu 36 (H Khi B 2008): Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam
FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75.
B. 8,75.
C. 6,50.
D. 7,80.
Coi hn hp ch gm FeO, Fe2O3 : n FeO = n FeCl2 =
n Fe2O3 =
7, 62
= 0, 06 mol
127
9,12 72.0, 06
= 0, 03 mol n FeCl3 = 2n Fe2O3 = 0, 06 mol
160
m (FeCl3) = 0,06 . 162,5 = 9,75, chn A

Dng 5:
HNO3
+ O2
Fe
( Fedu , FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 )
mui + sn phm kh +
hay H SO dac,t 0
2
H2 O
m Fe
m m Fe
.3 = oxit
.2 + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N 2O + 10n N 2 + 2n SO2
56
16
m
m
m Fe(NO3 )3 = Fe .242 v m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = Fe .400
56
2.56
Bo ton e :
mhh = mFe + mO = 56 x + 16 y (1)
Cch khc : Quy i hn hp gm Fe : x mol v O : y mol

+3
Qu trnh cho nhn e : Fe 3e Fe v

y 2y
x 3x
Suy ra phng trnh sau :
O + 2e O
3x = 2y + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N 2O + 10n N 2 + 2n SO2 (2) x, y
Nu c cho Cu th ta c phng trnh tng qut :
3n Fe + 2n Cu = 2n O + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N2O + 10n N2 + 2n SO2 (2 ') x, y

Vn cn mt cch khc :
mFe = 0,7. m (hh xit st) + 5,6 . n cho/ nhn
n cho/ nhn = mol kim loi .ha tr = gim s xi ha . s mol sp kh

t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cu 37: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (A) c khi lng 12 g
gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 . Cho (A) td hon ton vi dd HNO3 thy sinh ra 2,24 l kh NO duy nht ktc.
Tnh m .
A. 38,72
B. 35,5
C. 49,09
D,10,08
+5
+5
Gii: S mol e do Fe nhng phi bng s mol e do oxi thu ( O2 thu 4e ) v N ca HNO3 thu ( N thu 3e ) :
Fe
Qu trnh oxi ha :
m
mol
56
0
Qu trnh kh : O 2
4e
+3
Fe
+ 3e
m
mol
56
2
2O
12 m
12 m
4
mol
32
32
m
12 m
Ta c: 3
= 4
+ 0,3
56
32
+5
N +
3e
0,3mol
+2
0,1mol
Gii ra : m = 10,08g , chn D
(c th dng cng thc cho nhanh nhng vit qu trnh cho nhn ra s tt hn cho cc em)
+ Cch gii khc nh sau da theo (1) v (2) :
56 x + 16 y = 12
x = 0,18 = n Fe
mFe = 0,18.56 = 10, 08 gam

2, 24
x
y
3
2
=
3.
=
0,3
y
=
0,12
22, 4
K t bi ny s c bi gii theo cch 1 hoc 2 hoc cch 3 s trnh by sau y :

+ Cch 3 : n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 0,1 nn mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
Cu 38 (H Khi B 2008): Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, Fe phn ng ht vi dd HNO3
long d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr m l : A. 38,72
B. 35,5
C. 49,09
D,34,36
m hh = mOxit = 11, 36
m Fe
m oxit -m Fe
m Fe
11,36-m Fe
.3=
+3n NO vi
.3=
+3.0,06
suy ra
Gii: Cch 1 :
1,344
0,
06
n
=
=
56
16
56
8
NO
22, 4
Vy mFe = 8,96 suy ra m Fe(NO3 )3 =
m Fe
8,96
.242=
.242=38,72 , chn A (cch 2 hc sinh t gii )
56
56
Cu 39: Ha tan han ton 46,4 gam mt oxit kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (va ) thu c V lt
kh SO2 (ktc) v 120 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi v V
A. FeO; 1,12
B. Fe2O3; 2,24
C. Fe3O4;1,12
D. Fe3O4; 2,24
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) suy ra m (xit) = 56x + 16y = 46,4 (1)
120
= 0,3 nFe = 0,3.2 = 0, 6 = x ;(1) y = 0,8 = nO
400
V
nFe 0, 6 3
V = 2, 24(l ) , chn D
=
= (C,D) , 3 x = y.2 + 2nSO2 3.0, 6 = 0,8.2 + 2.
22, 4
nO 0,8 4
Cu 40: Cho m gam Fe chy trong oxi mt thi gian thu c 36 gam cht rn A gm 4 cht. Ha tan A bng
HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 30,24
B. 32,40
C. 24,34
D. 43,20
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 36
x = 0,54 = n Fe
mFe = 0,54.56 = 30, 24 gam , chn A

6, 72
x
y
3
2
=
3.
=
0,9
y
=
0,36
22, 4
+ Cch khc : n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 0,3 nn mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.36 + 5,6 . 0,9 = 30,24 gam
nFe2 ( SO4 )3 =
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cu 41 (H Khi B 2007): Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO3(d) thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) NO (l ssn phm kh duy nht). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 2,52
B. 2,22
C. 2,62
D. 2,32
56 x + 16 y = 3
x = 0, 045 = n Fe
mFe = 0, 045.56 = 2,52 gam , chn A

0,56
3x 2 y = 3. 22, 4 = 0, 075 y = 0, 03
Cu 42: Nung nng 16,8 gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp X gm oxit st
v st d. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 24g
B. 26g
C. 20g
D. 22g
3.03 2
3 x 2.n SO2
16,8
=
= 0,3 = x ; 3x = 2y + 2n SO2 (2) y =
2
56
mhh = mFe + mO = 56 x + 16 y = 56.0,3 + 0, 2.16 = 20g , chn C
+ Cch khc : n nhn = 2. n SO = 0,5 mol
nFe =
5, 6
22, 4
= 0, 2
mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn suy ra m oxit =
m Fe 5, 6.n nhan 16,8 5, 6.0,5

=
= 20 gam
0, 7
0, 7
Cu 43: Ha tan 13,92 g Fe3O4 bng dd HNO3 thu c 448 ml kh NxOy (ktc).Xc nh NxOy?
A. NO
B. N2O
C.NO2
D. N2O5
n Fe = 0, 06.3
13,92
0, 448
= 0, 06 mol
= 0, 02 mol
Gii: n Fe3O4 =
, n =
=
n
0,
06.4
22,
4
232
o
Gi k l gim s xi ha ca kh
+2
3n Fe = 2n O + k .n 3.0,18 = 2.0, 24 + k .0, 02 k = 3 N O , Chn A

Cu 44 (H Khi A 2009): Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt xit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 52,2
B. 54,0
C. 58,0
D. 48,4
56 x + 16 y = 20,88
x = 0, 29 = n Fe
n
m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = Fe .400 = 58 gam , chn C

3, 248
2
y = 0, 29
3x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0, 29
Cu 45 (HQGHN 2000): m (g) phoi bo Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c 12 g cht rn X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch H2SO4 , nng c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m l: A. 9,52
B. 9,62
C. 9,42
D. 9,72
56 x + 16 y = 12
x = 0,17 = n Fe
m Fe = 0,17.56 = 9,52 gam , chn A

2, 24
y = 0,155
3x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0, 2
Cu 46: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 37,6 gam hn hp rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ha tan
hon ton X trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,6 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 19,2 gam
D. 22,4 gam
Gii: quy i xit thnh Cu (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
64 x + 16 y = 37, 6
x = 0,5 = n Cu
m Cu = 0,5.64 = 32 gam , chn B

3,36
2 x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0,3 y = 0,35
Cu 47 (H Khi A 2007):Nung m g st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 g hh rn
A gm Fe,FeO,Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn
hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Gi tr m l:
A.72
B.78,4
C.91,28
D, p s khc
Gii: Gi a l s mol NO, b l s mol NO2
30a + 46b
S mol hh kh l : n = a + b = 0,54 mol , M =
= 10,167.4 30a + 46b = 21,96
a+b
Ta c : a = 0,18 , b = 0,36 , n nhn = 3.n NO + 1.n NO2 = 0,18.3 + 0,36.1 = 0,9 mol
mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7 . 104,8 + 0,9 . 5,6 = 78,4, chn B
Cu 48: Ha tan hon ton 8,64 gam FeO bng dung dch HNO3 th thu c 336 ml kh duy nht (ktc).
Cng thc ca cht kh l:
A. N2
B. NH3
C. N2O
D. NO2
Gii: Cn nh r gim s xi ha tng sn phm kh
n FeO = n Fe = n O = 0,12 mol , gi X l gim s xi ha ca sn phm kh
3n Fe = 2n O + X.n spk X =
3n Fe 2n NO 3.012 2.0,12
=
= 8 N 2 O , Chn C
0,336
n spk
22, 4
Cu 49: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp B gm 4 cht rn c khi
lng 12 gam. Cho hn hp B phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thy thot ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m v
khi lng HNO3 phn ng ?
A. 10,08 g v 34,02 g
A. 10,8 g v 34,02 g
C. 10,8 g v 40,32 g
D. 10,08 g v 40,32 g
Gii: n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 2, 24
= 0,3 mol mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
22, 4
Fe(NO3)3
Fe
0,18
0,18 mol ,
bo ton nguyn t N : n N/HNO3 = n N/Fe(NO3 )3 + n N/NO = 3.0,18 + 0,1 = 0, 64 mol m HNO3 = 0, 64.63 = 40,32 g
Ta chn D
Cu 50: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol 3 cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l:
A. 0,12
B. 0,24
C. 0,21
D. 0,36
n Fe = 4 x
Gii: t x = n FeO = n CuO = n Fe3O 4 n O = 6 x

n = x
Cu
3n Fe + 2n Cu = 2n O + n NO2 + 3n NO 3.4 x + 2.x = 2.6 x + 0, 09 + 3.0, 05 x = 0,12 , chn A

Cu 51: Cho 22,72 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d
thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 77,44 gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 2,688.
C. 5,6.
D. 2,24.
77, 44
= 0,32 mol m Fe = 0,32.56 = 17,92 gam
Gii: mui chnh l Fe(NO3)3 : n Fe = n Fe(NO3)3 =
242
m O = m hh m O = 22, 72 17,92 = 4,8 gam n O = 0,3 mol , 3n Fe = 2n O + 3
VNO
VNO = 2, 668 l , chn B
22, 4
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Dng 6: Kim loi + Axit (H2SO4c, HNO3) mui + sn phm kh + H2O

+4
+2
+1
-3
Sn phm kh N O 2 , N 2 , N O, N 2 O, N H 4 NO 3 i vi HNO3
+4
-2
S O 2 , H 2 S,S i vi H2SO4c
Mui (kim lai phi ha tr cao nht) v Al, Fe, Cr khng tc dng vi H2SO4 v HNO3 c ngui.
ncho = mol kimloai . hoa tri
v nnhan
= do giam so OXH .nsan pham khu
+ i vi H2SO4 c :
+4
Sp kh
gim s xi ha
-2
S O2
H2 S
64=2
6 (-2) = 8
60=6
nH 2 SO4 = nS = nSO 2 + nS (trong sp khu ) =
n( cho / nhan )
2
+ nS (trong sp khu )
mmuoi = mkimloai + mSO 2 = mkimloai + 96.nSO 2 = mkimloai + 96.

4
n( cho / nhan )
2
+ i vi HNO3 :
+4
Sp kh
gim s
xi ha
N O2
N2
54=1
(5-0).2 = 10
+2
-3
+1
NO
N2 O
52=3
(5 1).2 = 8
N H 4 NO 3 (mui)
5 (-3) = 8
nHNO3 = nN = nNO + nN (trong sp khu ) = n( cho / nhan ) + nS (trong sp khu )

3
mmuoi = mkimloai + mNO = mkimloai + 62.nNO = mkimloai + 62.

3
n( cho / nhan )
1
Ch : Nu sp kh c NH4NO3 th khi lng mui sau phn ng phi cng thm khi lng ca NH4NO3
Cu 52 (C 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 c , ngui l:
A. Fe, Al, Cr
B. Cu, Fe, Al
C. Fe, Mg, Al
D. Cu, Pb, Ag
Gii: Chn A , HNO3 c ngui khng tc dng Al, Fe, Cr
Cu 53 : Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Gii: S mol e kim loi nhng khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO3 nh nhau
( Do 2 kim loi c ha tr khng i ).
+
+5
Nn s mol e H v N nhn bng nhau .

+
+ 2e
0,3
3x = 0,3
H2
0,15 mol
x = 0,1
+5
N + 3e
3x
V = 2,24 lt . chn A
10
2 H
+2
N
x mol
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cu 54 : Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu , Mg , Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 896 ml ( ktc) hn hp gm NO v

NO2 c M = 42 . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
A. 9,41 gam.
B. 10,08 gam.
C. 5,07 gam.
D. 8,15 gam.
Gii: nhh kh = 0,04 . a + b = 0,04 v 30a + 46b = 42 . 0,04 = 1,68
a = 0,01 = nNO ; b = 0,03 = nNO2 n nhan = 3.n NO + 1.n NO = 3.0, 01 + 0, 03.1 = 0, 06 mol
2
m hh mui
= mhh kim loi + mNO = mhh kim loi + 62.nnhn = 1,35 + 62.0,06 = 5,07 gam. Chn C
Cu 55 : Ho tan hon ton 1,805 g hn hp gm kim loi A c ho tr khng i duy nht v Fe bng dung
dch HCl thu c 1,064 lt kh H2 . Khi ho tan 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dd HNO3 long d thu c
0,896 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) . Cc kh o cng iu kin . Kim loi A l:
A. Cu
B. Cr
C. Al
D. Mn.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi b ha tan hon ton trong HCl A phi tc dng vi HCl .
A
x
An+ + ne
nx
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
y
2y
2 H
+ 2e
0.095
H2
0.0475
nx + 2y = 0,095 (1) v Ax + 56y = 1,805 (2)
A
x
An+ + ne
nx
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
y
3y
+5
N + 3e
0,12
+2
N
0.04
nx + 3y = 0,12 (3) . T (1) , (2) y = 0.025 .

T (1) , (2) nx = 0,045
v
Ax = 0,405
A = 9n
n
1
2
3
Chn A = 27 ( Al ) , chn C
A
9
18
27
Cu 56: Ha tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp Al, Fe, Mg bng dd HNO3 thu c 0,01 mol NO; 0,01 mol N2O v
khng c sp kh no khc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m (g) mui khan. Tnh m.
A. 10,42
B. 11,42
C. 9,84
D. 12,04
Gii: nnhn=3.0,01 + 8.0,01 =0,11 mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit = 3,6 +0,11.62= 10,42 gam, chn A
Cu 57: Ha tan hon ton hn hp Al, Fe, Mg vo 800ml dung dch HNO3(va ) thu c 0,08 mol NO; 0,06
mol N2O v 0,01 mol N2. Vy nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 l
A. 2M
B. 1,5M
C.1,3M
D.1,8M
Gii: nnhn=3.0,08 + 8.0,06+10.0,01 =0,82
nN(trong sp kh) = 0,08.1 + 0,06.2 + 0,01.2=0,22
1, 04
= 1,3M , chn C
suy ra nHNO3 = nnhn + nN (trong sp kh) = 0,82 + 0,22 = 1,04 suy ra CM(HNO3)=
0,8
Cu 58: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam mt kim loi cha r ha tr vo dd HNO3 d thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh
(ktc) khng mu khng mi khng chy ( sp kh duy nht ). Tm kim loi
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
0, 672
= 0, 03 , gim s OXH l 10
Gii: Kh khng mu khng mi khng chy l N2 , nN 2 =
22, 4
Bo ton e : mol kim loi . ha tr (tm t l n) = gim s OXH . s mol sp kh
n=1 M =9
2,7
.n=10.0,03 M =9.n, n=2 M =18

, chn A
M
n=3 M =27 (Al)
Cu 59: Chia m gam Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau :

Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dd NaOH sinh ra x mol kh H2
Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dd HNO3 long sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sp kh duy nht). Quan h gi x v y l :
A. y = 2x
B. x = y
C. x = 4y
D. x = 2y
11
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Gii: s mol Al hai phn bng nhau

Al + NaOH d : n Al .3=2.n H 2 =2.x
Al + dd HNO3 d : n Al .3 = 8.n N 2 O = 8y
Ta c c 2.x = 8.y x = 4y , chn C

Cu 60: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng vi dd HNO3 d sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sp kh duy nht ktc). Kh X l :
A. NO
B. N2O
C. NO2
D. N2
Gii: gi X l gim s xi ha ca kh cn tm
Bo ton e :
3,6
2,24
.2 = X.
X = 3 NO . Chn A
24
22,4
Cu 61: Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO3, thu c 44,8 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2O, N2 theo
t l mol 1 : 2 : 2. Gi tr m l
A. 35,1
B. 16,8
C. 140,4
D.2,7
Gii: nhh kh = 44,8 : 22,4 = 2 mol , t t l cho ta t s mol : NO : x mol , N2O : 2x mol , N2 : 2x mol
Nn ta c : x + 2x + 2x = 2 x = 0, 4 mol
n nhan = 3n NO + 8n N2O + 10n N2 = 3.x + 8.2 x + 10.2 x = 39 x = 39.0, 4 = 15, 6 mol

m
.3 = 15, 6 m = 140, 4 gam , Chn C
27
Cc em hy c gng thuc gim s xi ha mi kh lm bi tt hn
Cu 62: Khi cho 1,92 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Fe c t l mol 1:3 tc dng hon ton vi HNO3 to ra hn
hp kh gm NO v NO2 c th tch 1,736 lt (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui to thnh v s mol HNO3 phn
ng.
A. 8,074gam v 0,018mol
B. D. 8,4gam v 0,8mol
C. 8,7gam v 0,1mol
D. 8,74 gam v 0,1875mol
Gii: t s mol Mg : x , Fe : 3x mhh = 24.x + 56.3x = 1,92 x = 0,01
t s mol NO : a v NO2 : b nhh kh = 0,0775 = a + b
Bo ton e : 2.x + 3.3x = 3.a + 1.b = 0,11 mol a = 0,01625 ; b = 0,06125
nHNO3 = nnhn + n(N /NO) + n(N/NO2) = 0,11 + 0,01625.1 + 0,06125.1 = 0,1875 mol
mmui = mkim loi + 62.nnhn = 1,92 + 62.0,11 = 8,74 gam , chn D
Cu 63: Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam Fe vo HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh B
gm NO v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1. Xc nh kh X?
A. NO
B. N2O
C. NO2
D. N2
Gii: NO v kh X, vi t l th tch l 1 : 1 nn nNO = nX = 0,15 mol . Gi X l gim s xi ha ca kh
11, 2
Bo ton electron :
.3 = 3.0,15 + X.0,15 X = 1 NO 2 , Chn C
56
Cu 64: Ha tan hon ton 19,2g kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm
NO2 v NO c t l th tch 3:1. Xc nh kim loi M.
A. Fe (56)
B. Cu (64)
C. Al (27)
D. Zn (65)
Gii: NO2 v NO c t l th tch 3:1 nn ta t s mol NO2 : 3x v NO : 1x
nhh kh = 4x = 8,96 /22,4 x = 0,1 mol
19,2
Bo ton electron :
.n = 3.0,1 + 1.0,3 M = 32n M = 64, n = 2 (Cu) , chn B
M
Cu 65: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp gm Al v Ag tan trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt hn hp kh
gm (NO,NO2) c khi lng 7,6 gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi.
A. 30 v 70
B. 44 v 56
C. 20 v 80
D. 60 v 40
Gii: t s mol NO l a , NO2 l b
mhh = 30.a + 46.b = 7,6 , nhh = a + b = 0,2 a = b = 0,1 mol
Ta c 13,5 gam hn hp gm Al : x mol v Ag : y mol 27x + 108y = 13,5 gam
Bo ton electron : 3x + 1y = 3.a + 1.b = 0,4 x = y = 0,1 mol
12
t : 0914449230
Bo ton e :
GV : Nguyn V Minh
27.0,1
.100 = 20% %m Ag = 80% , chn C
13,5
Cu 66: Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Cu , Ag tan ht trong dung dch gm HNO3 v H2SO4 thu 2,94 gam hn hp 2
kh NO2 v SO2 c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi?
A. 30 v 70
B. 44 v 56
C. 20 v 80
D. 64 v 36
46a + 64b = 2,94
a = 0, 05
Gii: NO2 : a mol v SO2 : b mol
1,344
a + b = 22, 4 = 0, 06 b = 0, 01
Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Cu : x mol , Ag : y mol 64x + 108y = 3 gam

Bo ton electron : 2x + 1y = 1.a + 2.b = 0,07 x = 0,03 v y = 0,01 mol
64.0, 03
Nn %m Cu =
.100 = 64% %m Ag = 36% , chn D
3
Cu 67: Trn 60g bt Fe vi 30g lu hunh ri un nng (khng c kkh ) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A
bng dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O2 (ktc). Tnh V, bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton.
A. 32,928 lt
B. 33 lt
C. 34 lt
D. 35 lt
30
Gii: nFe > nS =
. nn Fe d v S ht
32
Kh C l hh H2 v H2S . t chy C thu c SO2 v H2O . H+ nhn e to H2 , sau H-2 nhng e to li H+
.
Do : Trong phn ng c th coi ch c Fe v S nhng e , cn O2 nhn e .
Nn %m Al =
Fe
60
mol
56
+2
Fe
+ 2e
60
2
mol
56
+4
S + 4e
O2
+ 4e
30
30
mol
4 mol
xmol
32
32
60
30
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 2
+ 4
= 4x
x = 1,47
56
32
VO2 = 32,928 lt, chn A
2O
4x mol
Cu 68: Th tch dd FeSO4 0,5M cn thit phn ng va vi 100ml dd cha KMnO4 0,2M v K2Cr2O7
0,1M mi trng axit l :
C. 80 ml
D. 640 ml
A. 160 ml
B. 320 ml
n K 2Cr2O7 = 0,01
Gii : Ta c : n KMnO4 = 0,02
+2
Fe Fe3+ + 1e
x mol
x mol
+7
+2
+6
Mn + 5e Mn
0,02 0,1
x = 0,1 + 0,06 = 0,16
V FeSO4 =
+3
2 Cr + 6e 2 Cr
0,02 0,06
0,32 lt = 320 ml, chn B
Cu 69: Ha tan m gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 long sau phn ng thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh NO v
N2O (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro bng 16,75. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 12,07 gam
B. 12,78 gam
C. 10,65 gam
D. 14,91 gam.
a + b = 0, 04
a = 0, 03
Gii: NO : a mol v N2O : b mol

30a + 44b = 16, 75.2.0, 04 b = 0, 01
m
17
Bo ton e :
mol
.3 = 3.0, 03 + 8.0, 01 m = 1, 53 gam n Al = n Al ( NO3 )3 =
27
300
m mui = 17:300 . 213 = 12,07, chn A
Cu 70: Ha tan hon ton 14,8g hh (Fe, Cu) vo lng d dung dch hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 c, nng.
Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 lt NO2 v 2,24(l) SO2 (ktc). Khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 5,6
B. 8,4
C. 18,0
D. 18,2
13
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
56 x + 64 y = 14,8
x = 0,15
Gii: Fe : x mol , Cu : y mol

10, 08
2, 24
3x + 2 y = 1. 22, 4 + 2 22, 4 y = 0,1
mFe = 56 x = 8, 4 gam , chn B

Cu 71: Ha tan 5,6g Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long d th thu c dd X . Dung dch X phn ng va
v i Vml dd KMnO4 0,5M . Gi tr ca V l :
A. 20ml
B. 40ml
C. 60ml
D. 80ml
Gii: nFe = 0,1 mol
+7
Fe
Fe2+ + 2e
Fe2+ Fe2+ + 1e
Mn
+ 5e
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
x mol
5x mol
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 5x = 0,1 x = 0,02 mol V = 40 ml , chn B
+2
Mn
Cu 72: Ho tan hon ton 1,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh N2 ktc (sn
phm kh duy nht). M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn
B. Al
C. Ca
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
1,2
0, 224
Bo ton elctron :
M = 12n M = 24, n = 2 Mg , ta chn D
n = 10.
M
22, 4
Cu 73: Cho 9,72 gam kim loi M phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (ktc).
Kim loi M dng l :
A. Cu
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Ag.
9, 72
0, 672
Bo ton elctron :
M = 108n M = 108, n = 1 Ag , ta chn D
n = 3.
M
22, 4
Cu 74: Ha tan hon ton 16,2g mt kim loi ha tr III bng dung dch HNO3,thu c 5,6 lt (kc) hn
hp X gm NO v N2. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi kh oxi bng 0,9. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng?
A. Al
B. Fe
C.Cu
D.Na
Gii: NO : x mol ,
N2 : y mol
0,56
= 0, 25
x = 0,1
nhh = x + y =
22, 4
m = 30 x + 28 y = 0,9.32.0, 25 y = 0,15
hh
16, 2
3 = 3.0,1 + 10.0,15 M = 27 Al , chn A
M
Cu 75: Ho tan 8,1 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long thy c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc)thot
ra. M l kim loi: A. Al
B. Cu
C. Fe
D. Mg
8,1
6, 72
M = 9n M = 27, n = 3 Al , ta chn A
Bo ton elctron :
n = 3.
M
22, 4
Dng : To mui NH4NO3 (du hiu nhn bit : tao bo ton electron 2 v khng bng nhau nn phi
c thm mui NH4NO3 v gii li bi ton vi x l s mol NH4NO3 ) (cu 76 v cu 77 )
Cu 76 (H Khi B 2008) : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm
bay hi dung dch X l A. 13,32 gam.
B. 6,52 gam.
C. 8,88 gam.
D. 13,92 gam.
Gii: nMg = 0,09 mol , nNO = 0,04 mol
Bo ton e : 0,09. 2 0,04.3 nn c to mui NH4NO3 : x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH4NO3 : 0,09.2 = 0,04.3 + 8.x x = 0,0075 mol
Bo ton electron :
Mg Mg(NO3)2
0,09
0,09 mol
14
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
m mui = mMg ( NO3 )2 + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 09.148 + 0, 0075.80 = 13,92 gam , chn D
Cu 77 (H Khi A 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c
dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so
vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,34.
B. 34,08.
C. 106,38.
D. 97,98.
Gii: nAl = 0,46 mol, N2O : a mol , N2 : b mol
1,344
= 0, 06
nhh = a + b =
22, 4
a = b = 0, 03 mol
m = 44a + 28b = 2.18.0, 06

hh
Bo ton e : 0,46. 3 8.0,03 + 10.0,03 nn c to mui NH4NO3 : x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH4NO3 : 0,46. 3 = 8.0,03 + 10.0,03 + 8.x x = 0,105 mol
Al Al(NO3)3
0,46
0,46 mol
m mui = mAl ( NO3 )3 + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 46.213 + 0,105.80 = 106,38 gam , chn C
Cu 78: Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu , Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm
0,01 mol NO vo 0,04 mol NO2. Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l :
A. 3,45g
B. 4,35g
C. 5,69g
D. 6,59g
+5
+2
+5
+4
Gii : N + 3e
N
N + 1e
N
0,03 mol
0,01 mol
0,04 mol
0,04 mol
n nhn = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 = s mol gc NO3 trong mui

Khi lng hh mui = m kim loi + m NO3 trong mui = 1,35 + 62 . 0,07 = 5,69g , chn C
Cu 79 : Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS2 v 0,09 mol Cu2FeS2 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c
dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO2. Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt ta.
Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g
B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g
D. 112,84g v 167,44g
Gii: Ta c bn phn ng:

CuFeS2
0,15
Cu2FeS2
Cu2+ + Fe3+ + 2SO42

0,15
0,09
0,15
0,3
2Cu + Fe + 2SO42
2+
0,18
3+
0,09
n SO2 = 0, 48 mol;
4
0,18
Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4

0,48
m = 0,48 233 = 111,84 gam.
0,48
nCu = 0,33 mol; nFe = 0,24 mol.

Cu CuO
2Fe Fe2O3
0,33
0,24
0,33
0,12
a = 0,33 80 + 0,12 160 + 111,84 = 157,44 gam. Chn A

Dng 7: Phn ng Nhit Luyn
15
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Al
CO
t cao
xit kim loi +
kim loi +
C
H 2
o
Quy i xit = kim loi + O Cng thc
Al 2 O 3
CO
2
, iu kin : kim loi
CO hay CO 2
H 2 O
> Al
n O (trong Oxit) = n CO = n CO2 = n H2O = n H2 = n (H2 ,CO)
Cu 80 (H Khi A 2009): Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Gii: mO = 9,1 8,3 = 0,8 (g) nO = nCuO = 0,05(mol)
mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4 (g) ,
Chn D
Cu 81 : Dy cc xit b CO kh nhit cao l :
A. CuO, FeO, ZnO, MgO
B. CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Al2O3
C. Na2O, CaO, MgO, Al2O3
D. ZnO, PbO, CuO, Fe2O3
Gii: xit kim loi tham gia p nhit luyn phi ng sau Al nn ta loi cc xit ca kim loi Na, Ca, Al, Mg.
Chn D
Cu 82 : Kh hon ton 6,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng va 2,24 lt CO (ktc). Khi
lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu ?
A. 5,4 gam
B. 5,04 gam
C.2,24 gam
D. 3,84 gam
Gii: xit kim loi = Fe + O , n O (trong oxit) = n CO =
2, 24
= 0,1 m O = 0,1.16 = 1,6 (gam)
22, 4
Suy ra mFe = mxit - mO = 6,64 1,6 = 5,04 gam. Ta chn B

Cu 83 : Kh hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 1,8 gam H2O. Khi lng
hn hp kim loi thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 4,5 gam
B. 4,8 gam
C. 4,9 gam
D. 5,2 gam
Gii: xit kim loi = hn hp kim loi + O
n O =n H 2O =
1,8
= 0,1 m O =0,1.16=1,6 (gam) m kim loai = 6, 4 1, 6 = 4,8g . Ta chn B
18
Cu 84 : Cho V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v

Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Tnh V.
A. 0,448
B. 0,112
C. 0,224
D. 0,560
Gii: Khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam = khi lng xi trong xit tham gia phn ng
nO =
0,32
=0,02 = n (H2 ,CO) V(H2 ,CO) =V=0, 02.22, 4 = 0, 448 . Ta chn A
16
Cu 85 : Kh hon ton a gam mt xit st bng CO nhit cao ngi ta thu c 14,56 gam Fe v 8,736
lt CO2 (ktc). Vy cng thc xit st l :
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C.Fe2O3
D. Fe2O3 hoc Fe3O4
n
14,56
8,736
0, 26 2
=0,26, n O (oxit)=n CO2 =
=0,39, Fe =
= . Ta chn C
56
22,4
n O 0,39 3
Cu 86 (H Khi A 2010) : Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau
tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y
thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn hp 3
oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 1,008 lt.
Gii : 3 kim loi trn khi phn ng vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O2, Zn t
Gii: n Fe =
16
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
+2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
65 + 52 + 119
+ 71) = 8,98 => a = 0,02 .
3
2.0, 02 + 3.0, 02 + 4.0, 02
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O2: nO2 =
= 0, 045(mol ) 1, 008(lit )
4
Chn D
Cu 87 (C 2009) : Kh hon ton mt xit st X nhit cao cn va V lt CO ( ktc), sau phn
ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc X v gi tr V ln lt l :
A. FeO v 0,224
B. Fe2O3 v 0,448
C. Fe3O4 v 0,448
D. Fe3O4 v 0,224
Gii: nO (trong xit) = nCO = nCO2 = 0,02 mol ; nFe = 0,015 mol
n Fe 0, 015 3
=
= Fe3O 4 , V = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448 lt, chn C
nO
0, 02 4
Cu 88 (C 2011): t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 17,92 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 11,20 lt
D. 8,96 lt
m mkl 30, 2 17, 4
1
Gii: n O 2 = n O = oxit
=
= 0,8 mol VO 2 = 0,8.22, 4 = 17,92 lit , chn A
2
16
16
Cu 89 : Thi lng kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp hai xit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp hai xit kim loi ban u l :
A. 3,12 gam
B. 3,21 gam
C. 4 gam
D. 4,2 gam
Gii: Do Ca(OH)2 d nn ta lun c : nCO2 = nCaCO3 = nO = nCO = 0, 05 mol
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th: m M Cl = 3a.(
2
m xit = m kim loi + mO = 2,32 + 16.0,05 = 3,12 gam , chn A

Cu 90 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al
dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch
dung dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 50 ml.
B. 57 ml.
C. 75 ml.
D. 90 ml.
Gii: n O =
moxit mkim loai 3,33 2,13

=
= 0,8 mol , nH = n
16
16
+
HCl
= 2.n O = 0,15 mol
0,15
= 0, 075 lit = 75 ml , chn C
2
Cu 91 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): t chy hon ton 26,8 g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu thu
c 41,4 g hn hp 3 oxit. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn dng ha tan va hn hp oxit trn l
A. 1,8250 lt.
B. 0,9125 lt.
C. 3,6500 lt.
D. 2,7375 lt
VHCl =
Gii: n O =
moxit mkim loai 41, 4 26,8

0,9125
=
= 0,9125 mol = n H 2SO4 VH 2SO4 =
= 0,9125 lt
16
16
1
Ta chn B
Cu 92 : Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al2O3, ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d nung nng thu c 28,7
gam hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H2(ktc). Th tch H2 l:
A . 5,6 lt
B. 6,72 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 11,2 lt
Gii: Khi lng nguyn t xi = gim khi lng cht rn
mO = 31,9 28,7 = 3,2 gam n O = n H2 = n CO = 0, 2 mol V = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lit , chn C
Cu 93 : Cho V lt (ktc) kh H2 i qua bt CuO un nng c 32 gam Cu. Nu cho V lt H2 i qua bt FeO
un nng th lng Fe thu c l :
A. 24 gam
B. 26 gam
C. 28 gam
D. 30 gam
32
= 0,5 mol mFe = 56.0,5 = 28 gam , chn C
Gii: n H2 = n Cu = n Fe =
64
17
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cu 94 : Cho 34,8 gam hn hp gm xit v mui cacbonat ca kim loi km R. Ha tan ht hn hp trn
bng mt lng va dung dch cha 0,6 mol HCl. Tn kim loi R l :
A. Na
B. K
C. Li
D. Cs
Gii: R 2 O + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2 O ; R 2 CO3 + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2O + CO 2
Qua hai phng trnh ta thy s mol HCl = 2 ln tng s mol hn hp nn thay hn hp bng 1 cht c s
34,8
mol l 0,3 M =
= 116 2 R + 16 < M < 2 R + 60 28 < R < 50 l K (39), chn B
0,3
-
Dng 8: Ha tan hon ton (K, Na, Ca, Ba) + H2O dd kim ( cha ion OH ) +
Ta c pt ion sau :
+e
H 2O
OH +
H2
nOH = 2.nH 2
1
H2
2
mran = mkimloai + mOH
Dung dch sau phn ng trung ha bi axit th
n H+ =n OH-
Cu 95 (H khi B 2007): Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ktc. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 60ml
B. 30ml
C. 75ml
D. 150ml
1
3, 36
H 2 nOH = 2.nH = 2.
= 0, 3
2
2
22, 4
Gi th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M l V n H + =2.n H 2SO 4 = 2.2.V=4V
+e
Gii: H 2 O OH +
Dung dch sau phn ng trung ha bi axit th
n H+ = n OH- 4V = 0,3 V = 0,075 lit = 75 ml , chn C

Cu 96 : Cho a (g) hh Na, K, Ca tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 0,224 lt H2 ktc. Th tch
dung dch H2SO4 0,1M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 0,15 lt
B. 0,1 lt
C. 0,12 lt
D. 0,20 lt
Gii: gi V l th tch cn tm
3,36
V = 0,1 lt, chn B
n H+ = n OH = 2.n H2 V.2.2 = 2.
22, 4
Cu 97 : Ha tan ht mu hp kim K-Ba vo nc thu c dung dch X v 0,224 lt H2 ktc. trung ha
hon ton 1/10 dung dch X trn cn bao nhiu lt dd HCl pH = 2 ?
A. 0,2
B. 0,19
C. 0,18
D. 0,16
0, 224
= 0, 02 mol, [ H + ] = 102 M
Gii: gi V l th tch cn tm n OH = 2.n H2 = 2.
22, 4
1/10 dung dch X n OH= = 0, 002 mol n H+ = n OH 102.V = 0, 002 V = 0, 2 lt, chn A
Cu 98 : Cho hh Na, K, Ca vo nc thu c dung dch A v V (lt) kh H2 ktc. Trung ha 1/3 dung dch A
cn 200ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Tm V.
A. 7,25
B. 7,392
C. 7,27
D. 7,28
V
V
=
Gii: dung dch X : nOH = 2nH 2 = 2
22, 4 11, 2
V
1 / 3 dung dch X : nOH =
= nH + = 0,1.1.0, 2 + 0,5.0, 2.2 V = 7,392 , chn B
33, 6
Cu 99 : Ha tan mt mu hp kim Ba Na vo nc c dung dch X v 7,392 lt kh (27,30C, 1 atm).
Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2 M cn dng trung ha ht dung dch X l :
A. 2 lt
B. 1,5 lt
C. 3 lt
D. 2,5 lt
PV
1.1, 792
Gii: n H2 =
=
= 0,3 mol ,
RT 0, 082.(273 + 27,3)
18
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
n H+ = n HCl = n OH = 2.n H2 = 0, 6 mol VHCl = 0, 6 : 0, 2 = 3 lt
Ta chn C
Cu 100 : Ha tan hon ton mt lng gm 2 kim loi kim vo nc thu c 200ml dung dch A v 1,12 lt
H2 (ktc). Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
A. 12
B. 11,2
C. 13,1
D. 13,7
14
0,1
10
= 0,5M [H + ] =
= 2.1014
Gii: dung dch A : nOH = 2nH 2 = 0,1 mol; [OH ] =
0, 2
0,5
Nn pH = log[ H + ] = 13, 7 , chn D
Cu 101 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc).
Th tch dung dch axit HNO3 2M cn dng trung ha lng dung dch Y l
A. 0,15 lt
B. 0,3 lt
C. 0,075 lt
D. 0,1 lt
3,36
= 0,3 mol
Gii: n OH = 2.n H2 = 2.
22, 4
0,3
dung dch Y n OH =
=0,15 mol n H+ = n HNO3 = n OH V .1.2 = 0,15 V = 0, 075 l = 75 ml ,
2
chn C
+
Dng 9: Cho Cu vo dung dch hn hp cha cc ion ( H , NO3 ) NO
hoc v d nh phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 l
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Dung dch Cu phn ng c th cha nhiu axit nhng nu c ion
Fe3+ th cn ch ti phn ng gia Cu v
n
Cu
nCu nH + nNO3
n
3+
+
,
,
H
Fe Cn tnh
sau lp t s
v sau ta s mol ca cht hay ion c t s nh
3 8
2
n
NO3
nht vo v tnh V(NO)
Cu 102(C 2011): nhn ra ion NO3- trong dung dch Ba(NO3)2, ngi ta un nng nh dung dch
vi:
A. dung dch H2SO4 long
B. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na2SO4
C. kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long
D. kim loi Cu
Gii: Chn C (xem trong phng php)
Cu 103 (H Khi B 2007): Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3. Vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l?
A. Cht xc tc
B. Cht oxi ha
C. Mi trng
D. Cht kh
Gii: Vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l cht xi ha , chn B
Cu 104 : Xem phn ng: a Cu + b NO3- + c H+
d Cu2+ + e NO + f H2O
Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l:
A. 18
B. 20
C. 22
D. 24
+
2+
Gii: 3Cu + 8H + 2NO3 3Cu + 2NO + 4H2O, tng h s = 22 chn C

Cu 105 (H Khi A 2008): Cho 3,2 gam bt ng tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M
v H2SO4 0,2 M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lt NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr V l
A. 0,448ml
B. 1,792
C. 0,672
D. 0,746
Gii: nCu =
nH + = 0,12
3, 2
= 0, 05; nHNO3 = 0,8.0,1 = 0, 08; nH 2 SO4 = 0, 2.0,1 = 0, 02
64
nNO3 = 0, 08
19
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
3C u + 8H + + 2N O 3 - 3C u 2+ + 2N O 2 + 4H 2 O
Vy V(NO) = V = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 . Chn C

0,12
0, 03
0, 05 0,12 0, 08
tinh theo H +
3
8
2
Cu 106 (H Khi B 2007): Thc hin hai th nghim :
Th nghim 1 : Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt kh NO duy nht
Th nghim 2 : Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thy thot ra
V2 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Mi quan h gia V1 v V2 l :
A. V1 = V2
B. V2 = 2V1
C. V2 = 2,5V1
D. V2 = 1,5V1
3,84
n H + = 0,08 mol
= 0,06 mol
n Cu =
64
Gii: TN1:
n NO3 = 0,08 mol

n HNO = 0,08 mol
3
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u
:0,06
0,08
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02
H+ phn ng ht
0,08 mol
0,02 mol
V1 tng ng vi 0,02 mol NO.

TN2: nCu = 0,06 mol ; n HNO3 = 0,08 mol ; n H2SO4 = 0,04 mol. Tng: n H + = 0,16 mol ; n NO = 0,08 mol.
3
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

Ban u:
Phn ng:
0,06
0,16
0,08 mol
0,06 0,16 0,04
Cu v H+ phn ng ht
0,04 mol
V2 tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO.

Nh vy V2 = 2V1. Chn B
Cu 107 (H Khi B 2010): Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4
(long). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 6,72
B. 8,96
C. 4,48
D. 10,08
+
2+
3Cu + 8H + 2NO3 3Cu + 2NO + 4H 2O
0,3
0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
3Fe 2+ + 4H + + NO3- 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H 2O
VNO = (0,2 + 0,2).22,4 = 8,96 lt ,chn B
0,6
0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
Cu 108 : Ha tan ht 3,6 gam FeO bng HNO3 long, va . Thm H2SO4 long d vo dung dch sau phn
ng thu c mt dng dch c th ha tan ti a m gam bt Cu v to ra V lt NO (ktc). Gi tr m v V ln
lt l :
A. 16 gam v 3,36 lt
B. 14,4 gam v 3,36 lt
C. 1,6 gam v 3,36 lt
D. 16 gam v 4,48 lt
HNO3
Fe(NO 3 )3
Gii : FeO
0,05
0,05 mol
Thm H2SO4 long d. Dung dch cha cc tc nhn ca phnng Cu l Fe3+ , H + , NO3
2Fe3+ + Cu 2Fe 2+ + Cu 2+
0,05
0,025 mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

0,15
0,015 mol
0,225
mCu = 0,25. 56 = 16 gam , V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36, chn A
Cu 109 (C 2010): Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau
20
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh

+5
khi phn ng xong c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N v 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr a
l :
A. 11,0
B. 11,2
C. 8,4
D. 5,6
n 2+ = 0,1 mol
Cu
Gii : n H+ = 0, 08 mol
n NO3- = 0, 28 mol
Kim loi cn d nn Fe+ b chuyn v Fe2+ :
3Fe + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Fe2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
0,03
0,08
0,02
2+
+ Cu
Fe + Cu2+ Fe
0,1
0,1
0,1
Nn : a 56.(0,03 + 0,1) + 64.0,1 = 0,92a a = 11, chn A
Cu 110 : Ha tan 1,28 gam Cu vo 50ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v NaNO3 0,5M thu c a mol kh
NO dung nht. Tnh a ? A. 0,0025
B.0,0133
C. 0,025
D. 0,032
n = 0, 02 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 01 mol
n NO3- = 0, 025 mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u : 0,02
0,01 0,025 mol
0,0025 mol , chn A

Phn ng
0,01
Cu 111 : Cho 0,09 mol Cu vo 400ml dung dch cha HNO3 0,3M v H2SO4 0,1M. n khi phn ng kt
thc, th tch kh NO duy nht thot ra (ktc) l
A. 0,672 lt
B. 0,896 lt
C. 1,344 lt
D. 1,12 lt
n = 0, 09 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 2 mol
n NO3- = 0,12 mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u : 0,09
0,2
0,12 mol
Phn ng
0,2
V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt , chn D
0,05 mol
Cu 112 : Ha tan 12,8 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 1M v KNO3 0,5M. Th tch kh NO duy
nht ktc l : A. 2,24 lt
B. 2,99 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D.11,2 lt
n = 0, 2 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 4 mol
n NO3- = 0,1 mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u : 0,2
0,4
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
Phn ng
0,4
V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt , chn A
Cu 113 : Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra
mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15. Th tch kh ktc l :
A. 0,672 lt
B. 1,446 lt
C. 0,3584 lt
21
D. 0,4568 lt
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
n = 0, 03 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 08 mol v Kh c M = 15.2 = 30 l NO
n NO3- = 0, 016 mol

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u : 0,03
0,08
0,016 mol
0,016 mol
Phn ng
0,016
V = 0,016.22,4 = 0,3584 lt , chn C
Cu 114 : Cho 1,12 gam Cu vo 50 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,1M thy c kh
NO ( sn phm kh duy nht ca s kh N+5 ) bay ra. kt ta ton b Cu2+ trong dung dch sau phn ng
cn ti thiu bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M.
A. 0,07 lt
B. 0,015 lt
C. 0,064 lt
D. 0,048 lt
n = 0, 0175 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 01 mol
n NO3- = 0, 008 mol

3Cu
+
8H+ +
2NO3
3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

0,00375
0,01
0,0025 mol 0,00375
n OH = 2 n Cu 2+ = 0, 0075 mol nn V = 0,0075 : 0,5 = 0,015 lt , Chn B
2
Dng 10: Cho dd chc ion H+ vo dung dch cha CO3 , HCO3
Yu cu : tnh s mol ca cc ion sau H + , CO32 , HCO3 ( nu c thm HCO3- t gi thuyt )

+
2+ u tin s c phn ng H + CO3 HCO3
+
+ Sau nu H+ cn d mi xy ra tip phn ng sau : H + HCO3 CO 2 + H 2 O
Vy : nu c kh thot ra th CO32- ht v nu khng c kh thot ra th H + ht

-
Nu bi ton hi ngc li : cho CO32- vo dung dch cha H + th ch c 1 phn ng duy nht
2H + + CO32- CO 2 + H 2 O
Cu 115 (H Khi A 2009):Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 1,12.
C. 2,24.
D. 3,36.
2Gii: n (Na2CO3) = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 mol = n (CO3 )
n (KHCO3) = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol = n ( HCO3-)
n (HCl) = 0,2.1 = 0,2 mol = n (H+)
H + + CO32- HCO3+ u tin s c phn ng
0,15 0,15 0,15
vy tng s mol HCO3- l 0,15 + 0,1 = 0,25 mol

+ Sau do H+ cn d ( 0,02 0,15 = 0,05 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :
H + du + HCO3- CO 2 + H 2 O
vy VCO2 =0,05.22,4=1,12 l chn B
0,05 0,05 0,05
Cu 116 (H Khi A 2007):Cho t t dung dch chc a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng
thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c
xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V, a v b l :
A. V = 22,4(a + b)
B. V = 11,2 (a b)
C. V = 11,2(a + b)
D. V = 22,4(a b)
22
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Gii: Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta chng t c mui NaHCO3 :
Ca(OH) 2 + 2NaHCO3 CaCO3 +Na 2 CO3 + 2H 2O
2-
Vy bi ton c ngha l cho a mol H + vo b mol CO 3 cho kh CO2 v mui NaHCO3
H + + CO32- HCO3b b
2-
tnh theo s mol CO3 do H + phi cn d mi to phn ng th hai c
H + du
HCO3- CO 2 + H 2 O
V(CO 2 )=(a-b).22,4
, ta chn D
( a b) ( a b) ( a b)
Cu 117 (H Khi A 2010) : Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch
cha Na2CO3 0,2 M v NaHCO3 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l :
A. 0,01
B. 0,015
C. 0,020
D. 0,030
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 02 mol, n HCO = 0, 02 mol, n H + = 0, 03 mol
3
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ CO32- HCO3-
0, 02 0, 02 0, 02 mol
vy tng s mol HCO3 l 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol
H + du + HCO3 CO 2 + H 2 O
0,01 0,01 0,01
Vy ta chn A
Cu 118 : Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 n d th
A. C si bt kh ngay lp tc.
B. Ban u khng c si bt, mt thi gian sau si bt.
C. Khng hin tng.
D. C kt ta mu trng.
Gii : Chn B
Cu 119 : Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 2M vo 200ml dung dch Y cha KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M. Th
tch kh CO2 thot ra ktc l :
A. 0,0 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 3,36 lt
n
=
0,
2
mol,
n
=
0,
2
mol,
n
=
0,
2
mol
Gii: CO2
HCO
H+
3
u tin s c phn ng
H+
+ CO32 HCO3
0, 2 mol
0, 2 0, 2
Do H ht phn ng trn nn s khng c kh CO2 thot ra, chn A
Cu 120 : Nh rt t t n ht 500ml dung dch HCl nng 1,2M vo 480ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M ang
c khuy nh, u. Sau phn ng thu c mt dung dch v V lt kh (ktc). Tnh V ?
A. 2,688
B. 13,44
C. 10,752
D. 6,288
n
=
0,
48
mol,
n
=
0,
6
mol
Gii: CO2
H+
+
+ u tin s c phn ng
H+
+ CO32 HCO3
0, 48 0, 48
0, 2 mol
s mol HCO l 0,2 mol

H + du + HCO3 CO 2 + H 2 O
V (CO2) = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688 mol , chn A
0,12 0,12 0,12 mol
Dng 11 : PHNG PHP QUY I TRONG HA HC
Phm vi p dng : nhng bi ton hn hp cho qua Axit c tnh xi ha mnh ra sn phm kh ri em
dung dch cho vo kim thu kt ta, sau nung kt ta
23
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Hn hp thng gp :
Mg
1/ MgS
S
Cu
CuS
2/ S
Cu2 S
Fe
FeS
3/ S
FeS 2
quy i v
Mg , S
MgS , S
MgS , Mg
quy i v
Cu , S
CuS , S
CuS , Cu
CuS , Cu2 S
..............
quy i v
Fe, S
FeS , S
FeS 2 , Fe
FeS , FeS 2
..............
Ch : ch a a v 2 cht trong nhiu cht sau ta thng dng bo tan e- v pt hn hp

gii
Tnh : V kh sinh ra, khi lng rn thu c, khi lng hn hp u
Cu 121 : Ha tan han ton 20,8 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeS2 v S bng HNO3 d, thot ra sn phm kh duy
nht l 53,76 lt kh NO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu kt ta, nung kt ta trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m (g) cht rn. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 16 gam
B. 17 gam
C. 18 gam
D. 19 gam
Gii: NO2 : 2,4 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol)v FeS2 (y mol) => mhh = 56x + 120y = 20,8 (1)
(c th quy i cch khc, v nu gii ra s mol S m th bi tan vn ng )
0
FeS 2 15e Fe +3 + 2 S +6
Fe 3e Fe +3
y 15 y y
x 3x x
Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 3x + 15y
v nnhn =( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 1.2,4
x = 0, 05 = n Fe
Fe3+ : x + y = 0, 2mol
3.x + 15.y =2,4 (2) =>
ddA
2
y = 0,15 = n FeS2
SO4 = nS = 2.0,15 = 0,3
, O2
Fe 3 + OH
Fe (OH ) 3 nung

Fe2 O3 : a ( mol )
nFe = nFe3+ = nFe( Fe2O3 ) 0, 2 = 2a a = 0,1 mFe2O3 = 0,1 (56 2 + 16 3) = 16 g , chn A

Cu 122 : Ha tan hon ton 30,4g rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu2S v S bng HNO3 d, thot ra 20,16 lt kh NO (sp
kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Tm gi tr
m. A. 81,55
B. 104,20
C. 110,95
D. 115,85
Gii: NO : 0,9 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Cu (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 64x + 32y = 30,4 gam (1)
0
Cu 2e Cu +2
x 2x x
+6
S 6e S
y
6y
24
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 2.x + 6.y
v nnhn = ( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 3.0,9 = 2,7 mol

64 x + 32 y = 30, 4
Ta c h :
x = 0,3; y = 0,35
2 x + 6 y = 2, 7
2 OH
Cu 2+
Cu(OH) 2
Nn m Cu(OH)2 = 0,3.98 = 29, 4 gam
0, 3
0,3 mol
Ba 2+ + SO 24 BaSO 4
Nn m BaSO4 = 0,35.233 = 81,55 gam ,
0, 35 0,35 mol
Khi lng kt ta = 29,4 + 81,55 = 110,95 gam, chn C
Cu 123 : Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ha tan han ton m gam X trong HNO3 d thu c 2,912 lt kh
N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu c 46,55 g kt ta. Tm m.
A. 4,8
B. 7,2
C.9,6
D. 12,0
Gii: N2 : 0,13 mol , Ta quy i hn hp v Mg (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 24x + 32y
0
Mg 2e Mg +2
x 2x x
+6
S 6e S
y
6y
Bo ton electron : 2x + 6y = 10.0,13 (1)

Mg 2+ + 2OH Mg(OH)2
Ba 2+ + SO24 BaSO 4
x
x
y
y
m = 58 x + 233 y = 46,55 gam (2)
Suy ra x = 0,2 mol , y = 0,15 mol , mhh = 24x + 32y = 9,6 gam , chn C
Cu 124 : Ha tan hon ton 25,6 g hn hp X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2 v S vo dung dch HNO d thu c V lt kh
NO duy nht ktc v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu c 126,25 g kt ta. Tm V.
A. 17,92
B. 19,04
C. 24,64
D. 27,58
Gii: Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 56x + 32y = 25,6 gam (1)
m = m Fe(OH)3 + m BaSO4 = 107 x + 233 y = 126, 25 (2)
(1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,2 mol ;
y = 0,45 mol
V
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 3.
V = 24,64 lt, chn C
22,4
Cu 125 : Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS2 trong HNO3 c d c 10,752 lt NO2 ( 27,30C
v 1,1 atm) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo X, lc kt ta nung n
khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 17,545 gam
B. 18,355 gam
C. 15,145 gam
D. 2,4 gam
Gii: NO2 : 0, 48 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 56x + 32y = 3,76 gam (1)
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 1.0,48 (2)
Ta c : x = 0,03 , y = 0,065 mol
m BaSO4 = 233 y = 15,145 gam
2Fe(OH)3 Fe 2O3
0,03 0,015 mol
mFe2O3 = 0, 015.160 = 2, 4 gam
Khi lng cht rn = 15,145 + 2,4 = 17,545 gam , chn A
Dng 12 :
25
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
HNO 3
FeS, FeS2 , CuS, Cu 2S
SO 4 2- ,Fe3+ ,Cu 2+ + NO
( d.d ch cha mui sunfat duy nht )

Cu 126 ( H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo acid HNO3
(va ), thu c dung dch ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l ?
A. 0,04
B. 0,075
C. 0,12
D.0,06
3+
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu2+ ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe
0,12 mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 2.a = 0, 2a
a
mol
Cu
S
n S = n SO42- = 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a
Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D
Cu 127 : Ha tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS2 ; 0,5a mol FeS v 0,06 mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu
c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui sunfat v kh NO duy nht . Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,24
B.0,2
C.0,12
D.0,06
3+
2+
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = a + 0,5a = 1,5a
a mol FeS2
Fe
bao toan nguyen to

n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 06.2 = 0,12
0,5a mol FeS
0, 06 mol Cu S
n S = n SO42- = 2,5a + 0, 06
Bo ton in tch : 1,5a.3 + 0,12.2 = (0,06 + 2,5.a ).2 a = 0,24 , chn A

Cu 128: Khi cho hn hp FeS v Cu2S phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 d s thu c dung dch cha cc ion
B. Cu2+ , Fe3+ , H+ , NO3- .
A. Cu2+, S2-, Fe2+ , H+, NO3 -.
2+
3+
+
32D. Cu2+ , SO42- , Fe2+ , H+ , NO3- .
C. Cu , SO4 , Fe , H , NO .
Gii: Chn C v cn c HNO3 d
Cu 129 : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm x mol FeS2 v 0,05 mol Cu2S vo acid HNO3 (va ), thu c
dung dch ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca x l ?
A. 0,15
B. 0,2
C. 0,1
D.0,05
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2
bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 05.2 = 0,1
Gii:
0,
05
mol
Cu
S
2
n = n SO 2- = 2 x + 0, 05
S
4
Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 0,1.2 = (0,05 + 2.x).2 x = 0,1 , chn C

Cu 130 : Cho hn hp A gm x mol FeS2 v y mol Cu2S tc dng vi HNO3 long, d un nng ch thu c
mui sunfat duy nht ca cc kim loi v gii phng kh NO duy nht. T l x/y c gi tr l :
A. 0,5
B. 1
C. 1,5
D. 2
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
Gii:
y mol Cu 2S
n = n SO 2- = 2 x + y
S
4
Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 2y.2 = (y + 2.x).2 x : y = 2 , chn D
Cu 131 : Ha tan hon ton a gam hn hp X ( FeS2 v Cu2S ) vo dung dch HNO3 (va ) thu c dung
dch Y ch cha 2 mui sunfat duy nht v 17,92 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a :
A. 12
B. 16
C. 24
D. 25
26
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Gii: t x v y ln lt l s mol FeS2 v Cu2S
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
y
mol
Cu
S
n S = n SO42- = 2 x + y
Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 2y.2 = (y + 2.x).2 x : y = 2 hay x = 2y

+5
+2
N + 3e N
2,4 0,8 mol
0
FeS2
+3
Fe
+6
2S
15e
x
0
15x
+2
Cu 2S 2Cu
+6
1S
10e
y
10y
Bo ton electron : 15x + 10y = 2,4 suy ra x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,12 mol
Vy a = 120.0,12 + 160.0,06 = 24 gam, chn C
Dng 13 : TON MUI ( TON THUN)
Cho CO2 hocSO2 hoc H2S hoc P2O5 hoc H3PO4 vo dung dch cha mt trong cc dung dch NaOH,
KOH , Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2
Cho NH3 vo dung dich cha H3PO4
V nhiu dng tng t , ta cn lp s mol ca 2 nguyn t quan trng s thy sn phm v s dng bo
ton nguyn t s tm ra s mol sn phm d dng m khng cn phi vit phng trnh phn ng
Cu 132 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH. Tm cc cht tan c trong dung dch.
A. Na2CO3
B. NaHCO3
D. NaHCO3 v Na2CO3
C. Na2CO3 v NaOH d
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO3 ( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
nC = nCO2 = 0,1 mol , nNa = n NaOH = 0,2 mol
n
0, 2
= 2 to mui Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), chn A
lp t l Na =
nC
0,1
Cu 133 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dung dch cha 0,18 mol KOH. Tm cc sn phm
A. K2CO3
B. KHCO3
D. KHCO3 v K2CO3
C. K2CO3 v KOH d
K2CO3 ( K : C = 2 : 1 =2 ) hoc KHCO3 ( K : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
ng dng nC = nCO2 = 0,1 , nK = n KOH = 0,18
K 2 CO3
n
0,18
lp t l 1 < K =
= 1,8 < 2 c c 2 mui
nC
0,1
KHCO3
Ta chn D
Cu 134 : 0,5 mol P2O5 cho vo dd cha 0,8 mol Ca(OH)2. Tm cc sn phm ?
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4
A. Ca3(PO4)2
D. Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v Ca3(PO4)2
Ca3(PO4)2
( Ca : P = 3 : 2 = 1,5 )
Ca(H2PO4)2 ( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
v CaHPO4
n P = 2.0,5 = 1 mol , n Ca = 0,8.1 = 0,8 mol
27
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
lp t s 0,5 <
Ca ( H 2 PO 4 )2
nCa 0,8
=
= 0,8 < 1
, Chn B
1
nP
CaHPO 4
Cu 135 : Trn 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1 vi 150 ml dung dch H3PO4 2M. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng cha nhng mui no ?
B. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4
A. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4
C. NaH2PO4 v NaOH d
D. Na2HPO4
Gii: Nhn xt : : ch c th c 3 mui l Na3PO4
( Na : P = 3 : 1 = 3 )
( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
NaH2PO4
( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
v Na2HPO4
n(NaOH) = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol = n Na
n(H3PO4) = 0,15.2 =0,3 mol = n P
lp t l 1 <
nNa 0, 45
=
= 1,5 < 2 NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 , chn A
0,3
nP
Cu 136 : Trn dung dch cha a mol Ca(OH)2 vi dung dch cha b mol H3PO4. Chn t l f = a/b nh th
no sau phn ng thu c 2 mui gm Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4.
A. 1 < f < 2
B. 1 < f < 1,5
C. 0,5 < f < 1
D. 0,5 < f < 1,5
Gii: Nu bi ny chng ta ghi phng trnh th bi ton s rt phc tp, khng ph hp cho k thi quc gia
theo phng php trc nghim. Tc gi xin trnh bi cch gii n gin sau :
Nhn xt : c 2 mui l Ca(H2PO4)2
( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) ( cho 2 mui ny )
v CaHPO4
nCa = a v n P = b
n
a
m f = = Ca nn ta thy 0,5 < f < 1, chn C
b nC
Cu 137 : Cho 2,24 lt H2S vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,6M thu c dung dch X. tnh s gam mui thu
c khi c cn dung dch X ?
A. 6,92
B. 2,96
C. 9,26
D. 92,6
Gii: Nhn xt : c 2 mui l NaHS ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2S ( Na : S = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(H2S) = 0,1 mol = nS v n (NaOH) = 0,1.1,6 = 0,16 mol = n Na
lp t l 1 <
NaHS x mol nNa = x + 2 y = 0,16 x = 0, 04

nNa 0,16
=
= 1, 6 < 2
nS
0,1
nS = x + y = 0,1
y = 0, 06
Na2 S y mol
m(mui) = m(NaHS) + m(Na2S) = 0,0,4.56 + 0,06.78 = 6,92 gam, chn A

Cu 138 (H Khi B 2008) Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vo 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c gm nhng cht :
B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4
D. H3PO4 v KH2PO4
C. K3PO4 v KOH
Gii: n P = 0,1.2 = 0,2 v n K = 0,35.1 = 0,35
n
0,35
1< K =
= 1, 75 < 2 nn ta chn p n B
nP
0, 2
Cu 139 (TN THPT 2007) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt SO2 (ktc) vo dung dch cha 16 gam NaOH thu
c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l :
A. 20,8 gam
B. 18,9 gam
C. 23,0 gam
D. 25,2 gam
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l Na2SO3 ( Na : S = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHSO3 ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1)
Ta c nS = nSO2 = 0,2 mol , nNa = n NaOH = 16/40 =0,4 mol
nNa 0, 4
=
= 2 Na2 SO3 a mol nS = 2 = 0, 2
nS 0, 2
vy khi lng mui l m (mui) = 0,2.126 = 25,2 gam
Chn cu D ( c th tnh theo s mol Na cng c )
28
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
0,25a
mol P2O5 vo 125 gam dung dch NaOH 16% thu c dung dch Y ch cha 2 mui
17
NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4. Gi tr ca a nm trong khong no sau y ?
A. 8,5 < a < 17
B. 17 < a < 34
C. 10,2 < a < 20,4
D. 1207 < a < 2414
Gii: Nhn xt : NaH2PO4 ( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2HPO4 ( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
0,25a
0,5a
16 125
n(P) =
.2 =
v n (Na) = n( NaOH) =
.
= 0,5
17
17
100 40
0,5a
nP
a
Ta c
= 17 =
n Na 0,5 17
Cu 140 : Cho
v t bi ta c 1 <
nP
a
= < 2 17 < a < 34 chn p n B
n Na 17
Cu 141 (H Khi B 2009): Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht sau l :
B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4
D. H3PO4 v KH2PO4
C. K3PO4 v KOH
Gii: nK = 0,15 mol , nP = 0,1 mol
KH2PO4 , K : P = 1
KOH
H3PO4
K2HPO4 , K : P = 2
K3PO4 , K : P = 3
n K 0,15
1<
=
= 1,5 < 2 nn sn phm l KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 , chn B
nP
0,1
Cu 142 (C 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c
dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l :
A. 0,4M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,6M
D. 0,1M
BaCO3 , Ba : C = 1
Gii: CO2 : 0,15 mol + Ba(OH)2 : 0,125 mol
Ba(HCO3)2 , Ba : C = 1 : 2 = 0,5
n C = n CO2 = 0,15 mol; n Ba = n Ba(OH)2 = 0,125 mol
n Ba 0,125 5
=
= < 1 nn c c hai mui BaCO3 : x mol , Ba(HCO3)2 : y mol
nC
0,15 6
nC = x + 2y = 0,15 mol , nBa = x + y = 0,125 mol x = 0,1 mol , y = 0,025 mol
[Ba(HCO3)2] = 0,025 : 0,125 = 0,2 M, Chn B
Cu 143 (C 2008): Dn t t V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,
Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo
lng d Ca(OH)2 th to 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,120
B. 0,896
C. 0,448
D. 0,224
4
= 0, 04 mol
Gii: Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2 = n CaCO3 =
100
0, 5 <
29
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
n CO = n CO2 = 0, 04 mol VCO = 0, 04.22, 4 = 0,896 lt, Chn B

Cu 144 : Cho a mol CO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng c gi tr pH:
A. > 7
B. < 7
C. Khng xc nh.
D. = 7
Gii: ch c th c 2 mui l
Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO3 ( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
nC = nCO2 = a mol , nNa = n NaOH = 2a mol
n
2a
= 2 to mui Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), dung dch trung tnh, pH = 7, chn D
lp t l Na =
nC
a
Cu 145 : Hn hp X gm Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3 c khi lng l 42,4 gam. Khi cho X tc dng vi CO d, un
nng thu c 41,6 gam cht rn Y v hn hp gm CO, CO2. Khi cho hn hp kh ny qua dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l :
A. 39,4 gam
B. 9,85 gam
C. 9,7 gam
D. 4,925 gam
Gii: m O (trong xit) = 41,6 42,4 = 0,8 gam
0,8
Ba(OH)2 d : n O = n CO2 = n BaCO3 =
= 0, 05 mol
16
Khi lng kt ta : m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam, chn B
Cu 146 : Qu trnh thi CO2 vo dung dch NaOH mui to thnh theo th t l
A. NaHCO3 , Na2CO3
B. Na2CO3 v NaHCO3
C. Na2CO3
D. Khng d kin xc nh.
: Gii: Chon A
Cu 147 : Thi kh CO2 d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 mui thu c l
A. Ca(HCO3)2
B. CaCO3
C. C A v B
D. Khng xc nh c.
Gii: Chn A
Cu 148 : Kh m gam hn hp MgO, FeO, CuO bng kh CO nhit cao, sau phn ng thu c 21,6 gam
hn hp rn A v hn hp kh B, cho B i qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 19,7 gam kt ta v dung dch C.
Lc b kt ta, un nng dung dch C li xut hin thm 19,7 gam kt ta na. Gi tr m l :
A. 28,4
B. 25,5
C. 26,4
D. 32,4
19, 7
= 0,1 mol
Gii: n BaCO3 =
197
t0
Ba(HCO3 ) 2
BaCO3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
un nng dung dch C li c kt ta chng t :
0,1
0,1
0,1 mol
Khi cho CO2 vo c 2 phng trnh :
Ba(OH) 2 + CO 2 BaCO3 + H 2 O
0,1
0,1
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO 2 Ba(HCO3 )2
0, 2
0,1
n CO2 = 0, 2 + 0,1 = 0,3 = n O (trong oxit)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : m = mA + mO = 21,6 +0,3.16 = 26,4 gam, chn C
Cu 149 (H Khi B 2008) : Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 84%.
B. 50%.
C. 92%.
D. 40%.
t0
8,96
CaCO3 ,MgCO3
CaO.MgO + 2 CO 2
= 0, 4 mol ;
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
0, 2
0,4
m MgCO3 .CaCO3 = 0, 2.(100 + 84) = 36,8 gam
30
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
36,8
100 = 92% , chn C
40
Cu 150 (H Khi B 2007) : Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan
thu c sau phn ng l
A. 6,5 gam.
B. 5,8 gam.
C. 6,3 gam.
D. 4,2 gam.
Gii: n NaOH = 0, 075.1 = 0, 075 mol = n Na
m MCO3 m MO 13, 4 6,8
n CO2 =
=
= 0,15 mol = n C
44
44
n Na
1
= < 1 N aH C O 3 v CO2 d,
nC
2
CO2 + NaOH
NaHCO3
0,075
0,075 mol, nn m (NaHCO3) = 0,075.84 = 6,3 gam, chn C
Cu 151 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo duung dch cha 0,225 mol Ca(OH)2. Tnh lng kt ta thu c
A. 10 gam
B. 11 gam
C. 12 gam
D. 13 gam
n
Gii: V 1 OH = 1, 28 2 m = 100(0, 45 0,35) = 10 gam , chn A
n
% m=
Dng 14 : TON MUI (TON NGC)

Cho CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c kt ta l CaCO3 hoc BaCO3
Vn 1 : Bit
n Ca(OH)2 , n CaCO3
TH1 : ch c kt ta
, tm
n CO2
n CO2 = n
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :

Vn 2 : Bit
Nu
n CaCO3 , n CO2
n CaCO3
n CO2 th
, tm
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n
n Ca(OH)2
n Ca(OH)2 =
n CO2 + n CaCO3
2
Cu 152 : Hp th ton b x mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2 gam kt ta. Tm x ?
A. 0,02 mol v 0,04 mol
B. 0,02 mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01 mol v 0,03 mol
D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol
2
= 0, 02 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 02 mol
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0, 03 0, 02 = 0, 04 mol , Chn A

Cu 153 : Dn V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M. Sau phn ng thu c 10 gam kt ta.
Gi tr V bng ?
A. 2,24 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. C A v C
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
10
= 0,1 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 5.0,3 = 0,15 mol
100
31
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0,1 mol V = 0,1.22, 4 = 2, 24 lt

n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0,15 0,1 = 0, 2 mol V = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lt, Chn D

Cu 154 : Khi cho 0,35 mol CO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 u thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. S
mol Ca(OH)2 trong dung dch l
A. 0,15.
B. 0,2.
C. 0,3.
D. 0,05.
n CO2 + n CaCO3 0,35 + 0,05
=
= 0, 2 , chn B
Gii: Do n CaCO3 n CO2 nn n Ca(OH)2 =
2
2
Cu 155 : Hp th ht k mol SO2 bng 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M thy c 12 gam kt ta trng to thnh .
Tnh k ?
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,15 v 02
C. 0,15 v 0,25
D. 0,1
12
Gii: n = n CaSO3 =
= 0,1 mol , n Ca(OH)2 = 1.0,15 = 0,15 mol
120
TH1 : ch c kt ta n SO2 = n = 0,1 mol
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0,15 0,1 = 0, 2 mol , Chn A

Cu 156 : Hp th ht a mol SO2 bng 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thy c 21,7 gam kt ta trng to thnh.
Tnh gi tr a ?
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,15 v 02
C. 0,15 v 0,25
D. 0,1
21, 7
Gii: n = n BaSO3 =
= 0,1 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 1.0,15 = 0,15 mol
217
TH1 : ch c kt ta n SO2 = n = 0,1 mol
n SO2 = 2.n Ba(OH)2 n = 2.0,15 0,1 = 0, 2 mol , Chn A

Cu 157 : Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M, thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. V c gi tr
l :
A. 1,68 lt
B. 2,88 lt
C. 2,24 lt v 2,8 lt
D. 1,68 lt v 2,8 lt
7,5
= 0, 075 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 05.2 = 0,1 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 075 mol V = 0, 075.22, 4 = 1, 68 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0,1 0, 075 = 0,125 mol V = 0,125.22, 4 = 2,8 lt, Chn D
Cu 158 (H Khi A 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/lt, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,032
B. 0,048
C. 0,06
D. 0,04
2, 688
15, 76
= 0,12 mol; n BaCO3 =
= 0, 08 mol
22, 4
197
n CO2 + n BaCO3 0,12 + 0, 08
n BaCO3 nn n Ba(OH)2 =
=
= 0,1 mol ,
2
2
Gii: n CO2 =
Do n CO 2
0,1
= 0,04M , Chn D
2,5
Cu 159 : Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo 20 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2, ta thu c 6 gam kt ta. Vy nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ca(OH)2l:
a=
32
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
A. 0,004M.

B. 0,002M.
C. 0,006M.
D. 0,008M.
2, 24
6
= 0,1 mol; n CaCO3 =
= 0, 06 mol
22, 4
100
n CO2 + n CaCO3 0,1 + 0, 06
n CaCO3 nn n Ca(OH)2 =
=
= 0, 08 mol ,
2
2
Gii: n CO2 =
Do n CO 2
0, 08
= 0,004M , chn A
20
Cu 160 : Dn V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M thu c 1 gam kt ta. Vy V c gi
tr l :
A. 0,224 hoc 0,896
B. 0,366 hoc 0,672
C. 0,224 hoc 0,672
D. 0,896
[Ca(OH) 2 ] =
1
= 0, 01 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 02 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 01 mol V = 0, 01.22, 4 = 0, 224 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0, 02 0, 01 = 0, 03 mol V = 0, 03.22, 4 = 0, 672 lt, Chn C

Cu 161 : Cho V lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch A cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2,5 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 0,56 hoc 11,2
B. 0,896 hoc 6,72
C. 0,896 hoc 11,2
D. 0,56 hoc 8,40
2,5
= 0, 025 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 2 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 025 mol V = 0, 025.22, 4 = 0,56 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0, 2 0, 025 = 0,375 mol V = 0,375.22, 4 = 8, 4 lt, Chn D
Cu 162 : Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 500 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, thu c 59,1 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 hoc 11,2
B. 11,2 hoc 15,68
C. 15,68 hoc 8,96
D. 6,72 hoc 15,68
59,1
= 0,3 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5 mol
Gii: n BaCO3 =
197
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0,3 mol V = 0,3.22, 4 = 6, 72 lt
n CO2 = 2.n Ba(OH)2 n = 2.0,5 0,3 = 0, 7 mol V = 0, 7.22, 4 = 15, 68 lt, Chn D
Cu 163 : Cho 4,48 lt CO2 vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 2,955 gam kt ta. Hy tnh nng mol/lt
ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 :
A. 0,05375M
B. 0,07354M
C. 0,0875M
D. 0,00023M
4, 48
2,955
= 0, 2 mol; n BaCO3 =
= 0, 015 mol
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
197
Do n CO2 n BaCO3 nn n Ba(OH)2 =
n CO2 + n BaCO3
2
0, 2 + 0, 015
= 0,1075 mol
2
[Ba(OH)2] = 0,1075 : 2 = 0,05375 M , chn A

Dng 15 : HP TH CO2, SO2 VO DD HN HP NaOH v Ca(OH)2
Cn tnh : n CO 2 ;
n OH ; n Ca 2+
CO 2 + OH HCO3
33
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O , lp t s f =
Ca 2+ + CO32 CaCO3
n OH
n CO2
hay Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
Cu 164 (H Khi A 2008): Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,82.
B. 19,70.
C. 9,85.
D. 17,73.
n NaOH = 0,05 mol; n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0,1 mol; n OH = 0, 25 mol; n CO2 = 0, 2 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 25
= 1, 25 < 2
0, 2
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y y
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
x + y = 0, 2
x = 0,15
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 25 y = 0, 05
0, 05 0, 05 0, 05
Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 05.197 = 9, 85 gam, Chn C
Cu 165 (H Khi A 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182.
B. 2,364.
C. 3,940.
D. 1,970.
n NaOH = 0,006 mol; n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0, 012 mol; n OH = 0, 03 mol; n CO2 = 0, 02 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 03
= 1,5 < 2
0, 02
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y y
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
x + y = 0, 02
x = 0, 01
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 03 y = 0, 01
0, 0 0, 01 0, 01
Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 01.197 = 1, 97 gam, Chn D
Cu 166 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,125 mol Ca(OH)2.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c ?
A. 15,4 gam
B. 12,5 gam
C, 12,6 gam
D. 12,7 gam
n Ca(OH)2 = n Ca 2+ = 0,125 mol; n OH = 0, 55 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0,55
= 1,57 < 2
0,35
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y
x + y = 0,35
x = 0,15
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,55 y = 0, 2
34
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Ca
2
3
+ CO CaCO3
2+
0,125 0,125 0,125

Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0,125.100 = 12, 5 gam, Chn B
Cu 167 (H Khi A 2011): Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00.
B. 0,75.
C. 1,00.
D. 1,25.
n CO2 = 0, 03 mol , n NaOH = 0, 025 mol
n Ca(OH)2 = n Ca 2+ = 0, 0125 mol; n OH = 0, 05 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 05
= 1, 67 < 2
0, 03
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
x + y = 0, 03
x = 0, 01
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 05 y = 0, 02
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ CO32 CaCO3
0, 0125 0, 0125 0, 0125

Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 0125.100 = 1, 25 gam, Chn D
Cu 168 : Sc 9,52 lt SO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp: NaOH 1M Ba(OH)2 0,5M KOH 0,5M.
Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l:
A. 16,275 gam
B. 21,7 gam
C. 54,25 gam
D. 37,975 gam
n SO2 = 0, 425 mol , n NaOH = 0, 2 mol ; n KOH = 0,1 mol
n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0,1 mol; n OH = 0, 5 mol
1< f =
n OH
n SO2
0,5
= 1,17 < 2
0, 425
SO 2 + OH HSO3
SO 2 + 2OH SO32 + H 2 O
x + y = 0, 425 x = 0,35
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,5
y = 0, 075
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ SO32 BaSO3
0, 075 0, 075 0, 075

Khi lng kt ta l : m BaSO 3 = 0, 075.217 = 16, 275 gam, Chn A
Cu 169 : Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,25M. Sc 2,24 lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 100 ml dung dch
A ta thu c mt kt ta c khi lng :
A. 10 g.
B. 5 g.
C. 2,5 g.
D. 15 g.
n CO2 = 0,1 mol , n NaOH = 0,1 mol
n Ca(OH)2 = n Ca 2+ = 0, 025mol; n OH = 0,15 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0,15
= 1,5 < 2
0,1
CO 2 + OH HCO3
35
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O

x + y = 0,1
x = 0, 05
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,15 y = 0, 05
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ CO32 CaCO3
0, 025 0, 025 0, 025

Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 025.100 = 2, 5 gam, Chn C
Dng 16 : CHO BAZ TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI NHM (Al3+)
Phng trnh ion :
Al3+
+ 3OH
Al(OH)3
OH
Al(OH) 3
Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( cha ion Al3+ ) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH
min
= 3n Al(OH)3
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3
2+
2
Ch n trng hp Ba + SO 4 BaSO 4
Nu c axit th u tin phn ng H + + OH H 2 O c ngha l n OH = n H +

Cu 170 : Cn dng bao nhiu mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol AlCl3 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta ?
A. 0,2 mol hoc 0,9 mol
B. 0,3 mol hoc 1,5 mol
C. 0,4 mol hoc 1,6 mol
D. 0,7 mol hoc 1,7 mol
Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
+ NaOH dng thiu (tc kt ta cha t cc i)
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 +3NaCl
0,1 0,3 0,1 mol

+ NaOH dng tha (tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn)
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 +3NaCl
0,4 1,2 0,4 mol
Tan : bt 0,3 mol cn 0,1 mol
Al(OH)3 + NaOH Al(OH) 4
0,3
0,3
0,3 mol
n NaOH = 0, 3 + 1, 2 = 1, 5 mol , chn B
Cch 2 : TH1 : ch c kt ta n O H
m in
= 3n Al(O H ) 3 = 3.0,1 = 0, 3 m ol
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 4 0,1 = 1, 5 mol
Cu 171 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cc i cn cho vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl3 uc 31,2 gam
kt ta l bao nhiu ?
A. 1,6 lt
B. 1,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,4 lt
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 4 mol
l TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 5 0, 4 = 1, 6 mol
V (NaOH) = 1,6 lt , chn A
36
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cu 172 : Cn cho mt th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3
mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,2 mol HCl xut hin 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,6 lt
B. 2,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
n Al3+ = 0,3.2 = 0, 6 mol, n H+ = 0, 2 mol ; n = n Al(OH)3 = 39 / 78 = 0,5 mol

u tin H + + OH H 2 O c ngha l n OH = n H + = 0, 2 mo l
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH2) n OH
Nn
OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 6 0, 5 = 1, 9 mol
= 0, 2 + 1, 9 = 2,1 mol = n NaOH VNaOH = 2,1 , chn D
Cu 173 : C 2 th nghim :
+ Cho dung dch cha a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 15,6 gam kt ta
+ Cho dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 23,4 gam kt ta
Gi tr a v b ln lt l :
A. 0,6 v 0,4
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,375
D. 0,5 v 0,6
Th nghim u l TH1 : NaOH khng , n = 0, 2 mol , a = 3.0, 2 = 0, 6
Th nghim sau l TH2 : NaOH d, n = 0,3 mol ,
n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 2a = 4b 0, 3 b = 0, 375 , chn C
Cu 174 : Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra 0,78 gam kt ta. Nng
mol ca NaOH dng :
A. 1,2M hoc 2,8M
B. 0,4M hoc 1,6M
C. 1,6M hoc 2,8M
D. 0,4M hoc 1,2M
3, 42
n Al2 (SO4 ) 3 =
= 0, 01 mol n Al3+ = 0, 02 mol
342
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 01 mol
TH1 : ch c kt ta
n N aO H = n O H
min
= 3n Al(O H ) 3 = 3.0, 01 = 0, 03 m ol C M (N aO H ) =
0, 03
= 1, 2M
0, 025
n NaOH = n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 02 0, 01 = 0, 07 mol C M (NaOH) =
0, 07
= 2, 8M
0, 025
Ta chn A
Cu 175 (H Khi A 2008) : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v
0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,35.
B. 0,45.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,05.
7,8
n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; n Al2 (SO 4 )3 = 0,1 mol n Al3+ = 0, 2 mol
78
n H+ = 0, 2 mol
u tin H + + OH H 2 O c ngha l n O H = n H + = 0, 2 m o l
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH2)
n OH
Nn
OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 2 0,1 = 0, 7 mol
= 0, 2 + 0, 7 = 0, 9 mol = n NaOH VNaOH =
0, 9
= 0, 45 mol , chn B
2
Cu 176 (H Khi A 2007) : Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy
37
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng.
B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm (cha ion Al3+ ) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d. Chn B
Cu 177 (H Khi B 2007) : Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2.
B. 1,2.
C. 1,8.
D. 2,4.
15, 6
n AlCl3 = 1, 5.0, 2 = 0, 3 mol ; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0, 2 mol ; n Al3+ = 0, 3 mol
78
Gi tr ln nht ca V lng vi TH2 : n
=n
= 4n
n
= 4.0, 3 0, 2 = 1 mol
NaOH
OH max
Al3+
Al(OH) 3
V = 1 : 0,5 = 2 lt , chn A
Cu 178 (H Khi A 2007) : Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu
c kt ta th cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4.
B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 4.
D. a : b = 1 : 5.
3+
Al
+ 3OH
Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3
OH
Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
hay Al3+ + 4 OH Al(OH) 4

a
4a
a 1
> , chn A
b 4
Cu 179 (C 2007) : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr m l :
A. 1,59
B. 1,17
C. 1,71
D. 1,95
1
K + H 2 O KOH + H 2
2
x
x
Ta ch phng trnh cui, cn c th thu c kt ta th p buc n OH < 4a b < 4a
n Ba(OH) 2 = 0, 03 mol
n NaOH = 0, 03 mol n OH = x + 0, 09
n
KOH = n K = x
n Al2 (SO 4 )3 = 0, 02 mol n Al3+ = 0, 04 mol
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht l TH2 :
n OH
max
n Al3+ = n Al(OH)3
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 x + 0, 09 = 3.0, 04 x = 0, 03 m
= 0, 03.39 = 1,17 gam
Chn B
Cu 180 : Khi cho 130 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,936 gam
kt ta. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH
A. 0,6M hoc 1,95M
B. 0,6M hoc 1,8M
C. 1,95M hoc 1,8M
D. 1,8M hoc 2M
0, 936
n Al3+ = n AlCl3 = 0,13.0,1 = 0, 013 mol; n Al(OH )3 =
= 0, 012 mol
78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n NaOH = n OH min = 3n Al(OH)3 = 3.0, 012 = 0, 036 mol
38
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
[NaOH] = 0,036 : 0,02 = 1,8M

n NaOH = n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 013 0, 012 = 0, 04 mol
[NaOH] = 0,04 : 0,02 = 2M, chn D

Cu 181 : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,3M vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,2M thu c kt ta keo trng.
Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02 gam rn. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH dng.
A. 0,4 lt hoc 1,2 lt
B. 0,2 lt hoc 1,2 lt
C. 0,2 lt hoc 1 lt
D. 0,4 lt hoc 1 lt
n Al2 (SO4 )3 = 0, 2.0, 2 = 0, 04 mol n Al3+ = 0, 08 mol
1, 02
= 0, 01 mol
102
Bo ton nguyn t Al: n Al(OH)3 = 2.n Al2O3 = 0, 02 mol
n Al2O3 =
min
= 3n Al(OH)3 = 3.0, 02 = 0, 06 VNaOH =
0, 06
= 0, 2 lt
0, 3
0, 3
= 1 lt, chn C
0, 3
Cu 182 : Cho V lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,4M vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol AlCl3. Kt thc phn ng thy
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr V
A. 0,375 v 1,375
B. 0,5 v 1,5
C. 0,87 v 1,87
D. 0,2 v 1,2
7,8
n Al3+ = n AlCl3 = 0, 3 mol ; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; n OH = 0,8V
78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH min = 3n Al(OH)3 0, 8.V = 3.0,1 V = 0, 375 lt
n OH max = 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 0, 8V = 4.0, 3 0,1 V = 1, 375 lt, chn A
Cu 183 : Trn ln dung dch cha x mol KOH vi dung dch cha 0,035 mol Al2(SO4)3. Kt thc phn
ng thy c 0,06 mol kt ta. Gi tr x l :
A. 0,06 v 0,18
B. 0,06 v 0,22
C. 0,18 v 0,22
D. Kt qu khc
n Al3+ = 0, 035.2 = 0, 07 mol
n OH
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 08 0, 02 = 0, 3 mol VNaOH =
= 3n Al(OH)3 = 0,18 mol

n OH max = 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 07 0, 06 = 0, 22 mol , chn C
min
Dng 17 : CHO AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MUI ALUMINAT (AlO2 )
Phng trnh ion khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch cha gc aluminat ::
AlO 2
+ H+ +
Al(OH) 3
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
3H +
Al3+ + 3H 2 O
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( Na[Al(OH)4] hay NaAlO2 ) th ban
u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu axit cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n H + = n Al(OH)3
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : n H + = 4n AlO 3n Al(OH)3
2
Ch n trng hp Ba
2+
+ SO
2
4
BaSO 4
39
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Nu c baz th u tin phn ng H + + OH H 2 O c ngha l n OH = n H +

Cu 184 : Cn cho bao nhiu mol HCl vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol NaAlO2 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta ?
A. 0,1 mol v 1,3 mol
B. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol
C. 0,2 mol v 0,6 mol
D. 0,2 v 1,4 mol
n AlO = 0, 4 mol; n Al(OH)3 = 0,1 mol
2
Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
TH1 : HCl dng thiu (kt ta cha t cc i)
AlO 2
+ H+ +
H 2 O Al(OH)3
0,1
0,1
0,1 mol
TH2 : HCl dng d (kt ta t cc i ri tan 1 phn)
AlO 2
+ H+ +
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
0, 4
0,4
Al(OH)3
n H+
3H +
0,4
Al3+ + 3H 2 O
(0,4 0,1)
0,9 mol
= 0, 4 + 0,9 = 1,3 mol , chn A
n H+ min = n = 0,1 mol

Cch 2 :
n H+ max = 4.n AlO2 3.n = 4.0, 4 0,3 = 1,3 mol
Cu 185 : Cn cho nhiu nht bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol Na[Al(OH)4]
thu c 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,3 lt
B. 2,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
39
= 0, 5 mol
n AlO = n Na[Al(OH )4 ] = 0, 7 mol; n Al(OH)3 =
2
78
Th tch dd HCl nhiu ng vi TH2 : n HCl = n H + max = 4.n AlO 3.n = 4.0, 7 3.0,5 = 1,3 mol
2
VHCl = 1,3 lt, Chn A

Cu 186 : Dung dch A cha KOH v 0,3 mol K[Al(OH)4]. Cho 1 mol HCl vo dung dch A thu c 15,6
gam kt ta. S mol KOH trong dung dch l :
A. 0,8 hoc 1,2
B. 0,8 hoc 0,4
C. 0,6 hoc 0
D. 0,8 hoc 0,9
15, 6
n Al(OH)3 =
= 0, 2 mol; n AlO = 0,3 mol; n H + = 1 mol , t s mol KOH l x
2
78
c ngha l n
u tin phn ng +
=n
=n =x
H + OH H 2O
KOH
OH
H+
TH1 : n
= n Al(OH)3 = 0, 2 mol
H min
Vy n H+ = x + 0, 2 = 1 x = 0,8
TH2 :
n H+
max
= 4n AlO 3n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 3 3.0, 2 = 0, 6

2
Vy n H+ = x + 0, 6 = 1 x = 0, 4 , Chn B
Cu 187 : Trn ln dung dch cha 0,17 mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(AlO2)2. Kt thc phn ng,
thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,025
B. 0,04
C. 0,08
D.0,015
n H + = 0,17 mol; n AlO = 2a; n Al(OH)3 = 0, 05 mol
2
TH1 : n H+ n Tri gi thuyt
40
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
TH2 :
n H+
max
= 4n AlO 3n Al(OH)3 0,17 = 4.2a 3.0, 05 a = 0, 04 mol

2
Ta chn B
Dng 18 : MUI Zn2+ TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA ION OHKhi cho t t dung dch kim vo dung dch cha ion Zn2+ th c pt ion sau :
Zn 2+
+ 2OH Zn(OH)2
Zn(OH) 2 + 2OH ZnO 22 + 2H 2 O

Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n
= 2n Zn(OH) 2
OH min
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : n
OH
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2
Ch n trng hp Ba 2+ + SO 2 BaSO
4
4
Nu c baz th u tin phn ng H + + OH H O c ngha l n

= n H+
2
OH
Cu 188 : Cn bao nhiu mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol ZnCl2 c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,2 v 0,6
B. 0,2 v 0,4
C. 0,2 v 1
D. 0,2 v 1,4
Cch 1 : n OH = n NaOH
+ NaOH dng thiu ( tc kt ta cha cc i )
Zn 2+ + 2OH Zn(OH) 2
0,1 0, 2
0,1
n OH = n NaOH = 0, 2 mol
+ NaOH dng d ( tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn )
Zn 2+
+ 2OH Zn(OH) 2
0,4
0,8
Zn(OH) 2
0,4
2OH ZnO 22 + 2H 2 O
(0,4 0,1)
0,6
0,3
n OH = n NaOH = 0,8 + 0, 6 = 1, 4 mol , chn D

Cu 189 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu cn cho vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 2M
c 29,7 gam kt ta.
A. 1 lt
B. 0,7 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
29, 7
= 0, 3 mol
99
V = 4.0, 4 2.0, 3 = 1
n OH = 1.V; n Zn 2+ = n ZnCl2 = 0, 2.2 = 0, 4 mol; n Zn(OH)2 =
n OH
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2
Ta chn A
Cu 190 : Cho V lt dung dch KOH 2M tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 1M ta thu c mt kt
ta, em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 12,15 gam cht rn trng. Hy tnh V ?
A. 150 ml hoc 200 ml
B. 150 ml hoc 250 ml
C. 100 ml hoc 200 ml
D. 140 ml hoc 200 ml
12,15
n ZnO =
= 0,15 mol; n OH = 2V; n Zn 2+ = 0, 2 mol
81
Zn(OH) 2 ZnO + H 2 O
0,15 0,15 mol
41
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
TH1 : ch c kt ta n
= 2n Zn(OH)2 2V = 2.0,15
OH min
Suy ra V = 0,15 lt = 150 ml

n OH
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2 2.V = 4.0, 2 2.0 ,15
Suy ra V = 0,25 lt = 250 ml, Chn B

Dng 19 : MUI
ZnO 22 TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA
ION
H+
Khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch mui km zincat :

ZnO 22
+
2H + Zn(OH) 2
2H +
Zn(OH) 2 +
Zn 2+ + 2H 2 O
n H+ = 2.n Zn(OH)2
Cng thc gii nhanh :
n H+ = 4.n ZnO22 2.n Zn(OH)2
Cu 191 : Cn bao nhiu mol HCl cho vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol Na2ZnO2 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,3 v 0,7
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,8
D. 0,2 v 1,4
n H+ = n HCl = 2.n Zn(OH)2 = 0, 2 mol
Cng thc gii nhanh :
n H+ = n HCl = 4.n ZnO22 2.n Zn(OH)2 = 4.0, 4 2.0,1 = 1, 4 mol
Cu 192 : Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha NaZnO2 0,5M v NaOH 0,1M. Rt V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M vo
dung dch A. Tnh V thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 110 ml
B. 220 ml
C. 330 ml
D. 440 ml
n ZnO2 = 0,5.0, 2 = 0,1 mol; n OH = 0, 02 mol; n H + = 0,5V

2
u tin :
H+
OH H 2 O
0,02 0,02
lng kt ta ln nht ng vi TH2 : n H + = 4.n ZnO22 2.n Zn(OH)2 0,5V 0, 02 = 4.0,1 2.0,1
2
Suy ra V = 0,44 lt = 440 ml , chn D v ch : nZnO 2 = n
Dng 20 : TON THY LUYN KIM LOI Fe
Fe + dung dch Ag(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 + Ag
Fe 2+ 2H + Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag +
,
,
,
,
Qui tc anpha :
Fe
H2
Cu
Fe 2 +
Ag
n Ag+
Ta c t l : k =
n Fe
k 2 to mui Fe 2+ v Fe d
2 < k < 3 to mui Fe2+ v Fe3+
k 3 to mui Fe3+ v Ag + d
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
nFe = x + y
n = 2x + 3y
Ag +
Ta c h :
Cu 193 : Cho 4,2 gam bt Fe vo 360 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M lc u cho phn ng hon ton. Tnh s
mol mi cht tan thu c sau phn ng
A. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,045 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,03 mol
42
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
B. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,04 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,035 mol

C. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,055 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,037 mol
D. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,065 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,085 mol
n Fe = 0, 075 mol; n Ag+ = n AgNO3 = 0,18 mol

2<k=
n Ag+
n Fe
0,18
= 2, 4 < 3
0, 075
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
nFe = x + y = 0, 075
x = 0, 045; y = 0, 03
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0,18
Ta chn A
Cu 194 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Trong
dung dch X c cha :
A. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3
B. Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
D. Fe(NO3)3
C. Fe(NO3)2 , Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
3+
AgNO3 d nn ch to mui Fe v Ag d, chn B

Cu 195 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Kt
ta Y chnh l :
A. Ag , Fe
B. Ag
C. Fe
D. Cu
3+
AgNO3 d nn ch to mui Fe v Ag d v kim loi kt ta l Ag, chn B

Cu 196 : Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y c
khi lng 16,2 gam. Vy m c gi tr :
A. 2,8 gam
B. 4,2 gam
C. 5,6 gam
D. 8,4 gam
16, 2
n Y = n Ag =
= 0,15 mol
108
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
AgNO3 d
0, 05
0,15 mol
mFe = 56.0,05 = 2,8 gam. Chn A
Cu 197 : Cho 11,2 gam bt Fe vo 450 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc thu
c kim loi c khi lng l :
A. 43,2 gam
B. 51,4 gam
C. 48,6 gam
D. 64,8 gam
n Fe = 0, 2 mol; n Ag+ = n AgNO3 = 0, 45 mol

n Ag+
0, 45
= 2, 25 < 3
n Fe
0, 2
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2<k=
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
2x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
43
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
nFe = x + y = 0, 2
x = 0,15; y = 0, 05
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0, 45
mAg = 108.(2x + 3y) = 108.0,45 = 48,6 Ta chn C
Cu 198 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe trong dung dch AgNO3 thu c mt loi mui st. Khi lng mui s
bng ?
A.18 gam hoc 15,6 gam
B. 12 gam hoc 15 gam
C. 24,2 gam hoc 18 gam
D. 24,4 gam hoc 16 gam
V ch thu 1 loi mui nn c 2 kh nng :
Kh nng 1 : to Fe(NO3)3 vi n Fe(NO3 )3 = n Fe = 0,1 mol n Fe(NO3 )3 = 0,1.242 = 24, 2 gam
Kh nng 2 : to Fe(NO3)2 vi n Fe(NO3 )2 = n Fe = 0,1 mol n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,1.180 = 18 gam
Ta chn C
Cu 199 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam bt Fe vo 220 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc
thu c m gam mui st khan c khi lng l :
A. 18,56 gam
B. 19,24 gam
C. 18,42 gam
D. 22,14 gam
n Fe = 0,1 mol; n Ag+ = n AgNO3 = 0, 22 mol

n Ag+
0, 22
= 2, 2 < 3
n Fe
0,1
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2<k=
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
2x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
nFe = x + y = 0,1
x = 0, 08; y = 0, 02
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0, 22
n Fe2+ = n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0, 08 m Fe(NO3 )2 = 0, 08.180 = 14, 4 gam
n Fe3+ = n Fe(NO3 )3 = 0, 02 m Fe(NO3 )3 = 0, 02.242 = 4,84 gam

m mui st = 14,4 + 4,84 = 19,24 gam, chn B
Dng 21 : HA HC v X HI v MI TRNG
1. Phn bn, thuc tr su, thuc kch thch sinh trng.c tc dng gip cho cy pht trin tt,
tng nng sut nhng li c tc dng ph gy bnh him ngho cho con ngi.
Sau khi phun thuc th cn khong thi gian an ton thu hoch l 12 15 ngy.
- Thuc dit c di rt c l 2,4 D (2,4 iclopenoxiaxetic), 2,4,5 T
- Thuc dit nm bnh : etirimol, benonyl, ng sunfat
2. Nguyn liu sinh hc thay th
- Dng hirocacbon sn xut rn etylic thay tinh bt.
- Sn xut bt git tng hp thay cht bo.
- Sn xut glucoz t cht thi nh v bo, mn ca, rm r,
- Chuyn ha du (cht bo lng) thnh b, m (cht bo rn)
- T xenluloz bng con ng ha hc ch to ra t visco, axetat.
- Thuc khng sinh : penixilin, ampixilin, amoxilin, eryhromixin
- Thuc b : vitamin A, B, C, D,
3. Ma ty (cht gy nghin)
- Thuc an thn : seduxen, meprobamat
44
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
- Thuc kch thch, nghin :

+ Amphetamin, heroin, cocain, ru, bia ,cafein
+ Moocphin c trong cy thuc phin.
+ Hassish c trong cy cn sa (b ).
- Ma ty c tc dng c ch, gim au, kch thch mnh m hoc gy o gic. Nghin ma ty ss dn n
lon tm, lon sinh l (tiu ha, thn kinh, tun hon, h hp).
- Trong ru bia thng c cht c hi l etanal (CH3-CHO), gy nn nao kh chu, nng cao c th
gy t vong.
- Nicotine (ch yu trong thuc l) l cht cc c trong thuc l nh hng no, thn kinh, tim mch, h
hp v c th gy ung th.
- Aspirin : thuc gim au.
4. Trong cng nghip

Nguyn liu
ng dng sn xut
Ma, c ci ng
ng
Tinh bt ( ng, go, sn.. )
Ru etylic
Xenluloz ( tre, g ,sn)
Giy, t nhn to
Bc h, hng nhu, s, c
Chit xut tinh du
V qu da
Ch to than hot tnh
Ci da
X phng, nn
Lu hunh qung pirit, oxi
H2SO4
Cng nghip Silicat

( vi, t st, cao lanh)
Gch, ngi, ximng, thy tinh, gm, s
Qung hematite, manhetit
Gang, thp
Qung bxit, Crilolit
Luyn Al
Kh t nhin ( 92% metan)

sn xut ra NH3
Phn m, cht do, thuc n,

phm nhum, dc phm, t si
+ HCl
+ cc mui clorua
+ nc Ja-ven
+ Xt ( NaOH ) v sa ( Na2CO3 )
+ t si tng hp, thuc tr su
Nc bin ( ch yu : NaCl )
5. X l cht thi trong phng th nghim : ( di y l mt s v d )

Cht bn (c hi)
Bin php x l thng thng
Cht c tnh axit
Dng nc vi d trung ha
Kh c
Dng than hot tnh

( khu trang si hot tnh)
Cc cation kim loi

( Cu , Zn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Hg2+.)
anion SO42Khi nhit k thy ngn b v
Thy Ngn ( Hg ) rt c
Sau th nghim Cu + HNO3 thng c
kh thi : NO2
2+
Dng nc vi d to kt ta
VD : Fe3+ + 3OH- = Fe(OH)3
Rc bt lu hunh ( S ) to kt ta
Hg + S = HgS
Nc vi trong
45
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
6. Mt s cht gy nhim khng kh :

+ CO, SO2, NO2, cc cht tng hp ( ete, benzene,..), kh halogen v hp cht ca chng (CFC,Br2)
+ Cc bi nh l lng trong khng kh ( rn, lng, vi sinh vt..)
+ Cc bi nng ( t, , kinh loi nng nh Cu, Pb, Ni, Sn, Cd,)
+ Kh quang ha ( O3, NOx, anehit, etilen).
+ Cht lm thng tn ozon : CFC t t lnh, bnh xt
+ Ba cht phng x ch yu t bom nguyn t l Sn80, I131, Cr137.
7. Cht gy hiu ng nh knh : CO2 v CH4

8. Cht gy ma axit : SO2, NO2
9. Kim loi c : Hg, Pb
10. Hp cht hu c
- Hp cht phenol ( 2,4 triclorophenol v penta clorophenol)
- Cht ha hc bo v thc vt hu c, tannin, lignin,
- Thuc tr su kh phn hy : DDT, Alrin, thuc tr su 6,6,6
Cu 200 (H khi B 2008): Hi thy ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v bnh nhit k thy ngn th cht bt
c rc ln thy ngn ri gom li l :
A. Vi sng
B. Ct
C. Mui n
D. Lu hunh
Lu hunh s tc dng vi thy ngn to mui an ton, ri thu gom li : Hg + S HgS , chn D
Cu 201 (H khi A 2008) : Tc nhn ch yu gy ra ma axit l
B. CH4 v NH3
C. CO v CO2
D. SO2 v NO2
A. CO v CH4
SO 2 + H 2O H 2SO3 ;
NO 2 + H 2 O HNO3
Cu 202 (C 2007) : T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng ht
thuc l. Cht gy nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l
A. Cafein
B. Nicotin
C. Aspirin
D. Moocphin
Nicotine (ch yu trong thuc l) l cht cc c trong thuc l nh hng no, thn kinh, tim mch, h hp
v c th gy ung th, chn B
Cu 203 (H khi A 2009) : Dy gm cc cht v thuc u gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. Cocain, seuxen, cafein.
B. Heroin, seuxen, erythromixin.
C. Ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein.
D. penixilin, pannadol, cocain.
Chn A
Cu 204 (H khi B 2009) : ng dng no sau y khng phi ca Ozon ?
A. St trng nc sinh hot.
B. Cha su rng.
C. Ty trng tinh bt, du n.
D. iu ch xi trong phng th nghim.
Chn D
ng dng ozon : lm sch khng kh, bo v tri t, ngn tia t ngoi, ty trng tinh b, du n, lh mi, bo
qun hoa qu, kh trng y t, cha su rng.
Cu 205 (H khi A 2010) : Trong s cc ngun nng lng : (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ha
thch ; nhng ngun nng lng sch l
A. (1),(2),(4)
B. (1),(2),(3)
C. (1),(3),(4)
D. (2),(3),(4)
Nng lng sch l thy in, gi, mt tri, chn C
Cu 206: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. Seuxen, moocphin
B. vitamin C, glucoz.
C. Penixilin, amoxilin.
D. Pamin, pannadol.
Chn A
Cu 207: Cc bo qun thc phm ( tht, c..) bng cch no sau y c gi l an ton ?
A. Dng focmon, nc .
B. Dng phn m, nc .
C. Dng nc v nc kh.
D. Dng nc kh, etanal.
Khng nn dng cht ha hc d gy nguy him, chn C
Cu 208 (C 2011): Mt nh my nhim bn cht X trong kh thi, dn kh X qua bnh ng dung dch
Pb(NO3)2 d th thu c kt ta mu en. X l
46
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
A. H2S
B. CO2
C. SO2
D. NH3
H 2S + Pb(NO3 ) 2 PbS +2HNO3 , chn A
Cu 209: Sau khi thc hnh ha hc, mt s cht thi dng dung dch chc cc ion : Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+,
Hg2+. Dng cht no sau y x l s b cc cht thi trn
C. Gim n
D. Etanol
A. Nc vi d
B. HNO3
Chn A, kt ta cc ion
Cu 210 (H Khi A 2010): Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l
A. CO2.
Chn B
B. SO2.
C. N2O.
D. NO2.
Cu 211: Phn bn, thuc tr su, thuc kch thch tng trngc tc dng gip cho cy pht trin, tng nng
sut nhng c tc dng ph gy bnh him ngho cho con ngi. Sau khi bn phn m hoc phun thuc tr
su, thuc kch thch sinh trng cho mt s loi rau, qu, thi hn ti thiu thu hoch s dng m bo an
ton thng l
A. 1 5 ngy
B. 5 8 ngy
C. 12 15 ngy
D. 30 35 ngy
Sau khi phun thuc th cn khong thi gian an ton thu hoch l 12 15 ngy. Chn C
Cu 212: Mt loi hp cht c tnh c khi c hm lng ln trong nc tng c gi l 3 MCPD. Cng
thc ca hp cht ny l
A. CHCl3
B. HOC6H4CH2OH
C. HCHO
D. ClCH2CH(OH)CH2OH
Chn D
Cu 213 (H Khi B 2010): nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi
ta ly mt t nc, c c ri thm dd Na2S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t nc
thi b nhim bi ion
B. Cu2+.
C. Pb2+.
D. Cd2+.
A. Fe2+.
Cd2+ + S2-
CdS vng, chn D
Cu 214 (H Khi A 2011): Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th
xt vo khng kh dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch NH3
B. Dung dch NaCl
C.Dung dch NaOH
D. Dung dch H2SO4 long
Chn A
Cu 215: Hng nm, vo ngy 6 thng 8 tt c ngi Nht trn th gii u k nim ngy au bun khi tri
bom nguyn t Little Bay th xung thnh ph Hiroshima nm 1945 lm cho hng chc ngn ngi cht ti ch
v di hi phng x vn cn nh hng n ngi dn v mi trng cho n ngy nay. Vic tip nhim phng
x, trc tin l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra thng tn ln h thng min nhim ca con ngi, sau ly lan
n cc t bo trong c th. Ngoi ra cht phng x cn l nguyn nhn ca s bin i gene, t c th xut
hin nhiu bin chng nh ung th, v c th gy ra tnh trng d hnh d dng cho con chu v sau.
Do cht ng v no sau y
A. Polonium 210
B. Urani 235
C. Iod 131
D. Cr 137
Chn A.
Cu 216: Cacbon monooxit c trong thnh phn chnh ca loi kh no sau y
A. Khng kh
B. Kh l cao
C. Kh m du
D. Kh thin nhin
Chn B
Dng 22 : MT S QUNG HP CHT THNG DNG
QUNG NHM
QUNG ST
t st ( cao lanh, kaolin )
Qung
ng dng
Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
Hmatit
Phn chua :
Hmatit : Fe2O3 khan
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
Hmatit nu : Fe2O3.nH2O
Sn xut Gang
hoc KAl(SO4)3.12H2O
Manhetit Fe3O4
Mica K2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O
( hm lng st cao nht )
47
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Qung bxit Al2O3.nH2O

Fenspat K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2
Qung pirit FeS2
Qung Criolit 3NaF.AlF3
Qung Xierit : FeCO3
Sn xut Axit, Fe
Qung ca kin loi nhm IIA : lmit : CaCO3.MgCO3

v Apatit : 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2
Qung ca kin loi nhm IA : Sinvinit KCl.NaCl (phn Kali)
Thch Cao
Thch cao sng : CaSO4.2H2O
Thch cao khan CaSO4
Thch cao nung : 2CaSO4.H2O (dng b bt)
Phn m
(NH4)2SO4 phn m 1 l
; NH4NO3 phn m 2 l
Phn m Amoni : NH4Cl ;
Phn m Ur : (NH2)2CO
Phn Ln : cn thit cho cy thi k sinh trng
Phn ln t nhin (trong qung Phophorit) : Ca3(PO4)2
Phn ln supephotphat
Supe ln kp : Ca(H2PO4)2
Supe ln n : [ Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4]
(NH4)2HPO4
Amophot :
hn hp gm NH4H2PO4 v
Nitro photka : hn hp gm Amophot + KNO3
Phn Kali : Clorua Kali (KCl) c cha 60% K2O. Sunphat Kali (K2SO4) c cha 48-50% K2O.
Cu 217 (H Khi A 2011): Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Vi sng (CaO).
B. Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O).
D. Thch cao nung (CaSO4.H2O).
C. vi (CaCO3).
Chn D
Cu 218 (H khi A 2011): Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht
cm mu trong ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ha hc ca phn chua l
B. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
A. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
D. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Phn chua : K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hoc KAl(SO4)3.12H2O, chn B
Cu 219 (C khi A 2009) : Phn bn nitrophotka ( NPK ) l hn hp ca
A. (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3
B. NH4H2PO4 v KNO3
C. (NH4)3PO4 v KNO3
D. (NH4)2HPO4 v NaNO3
Phn NPK l hh ((NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3 , chn B
Cu 220 (H khi B 2009): Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t ?
A. KCl
B. NH4NO3
C. NaNO3
D. K2CO3
NH4NO3 thy phn trong nc to mi trng axit lm tng chua t, chn B
Cu 221 (H khi A 2009): Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Phn ln cung cp nit ha hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat ( NO3-) v ion amoni ( NH4+).
B. Amophot l hn hp cc mui NH4H2PO4 v KNO3
C. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi l phn bn NPK.
D. phn Ur c cng thc (NH4)2CO3
Phn cha N, P, K gi l NPK, chn C
Cu 222: to xp cho mt loi bnh ngi ta thng s dng loi mui no sau y trong qu trnh lm
B. NH4HCO3
C. CaCO3
D. NaCl
bnh ? A. (NH4)2SO4
NH4HCO3 gi l bt ni, chn B
Cu 223 (H Khi A 2008): Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A. hematit nu.
B. hematit .
C. xierit.
D. manhetit.
- Hmatit nu : Fe2O3.nH2O
Hmatit gm Hmatit : Fe2O3 khan
Manhetit Fe3O4 ( hm lng st cao nht )
Qung pirit : FeS2 v Qung Xierit : FeCO3 , chn D
Cu 224 (H khi B 2008): Thnh phn chnh ca qung Photphorit l
B. NH4H2PO4
C. Ca(H2PO4)2
D. CaHPO4
A. Ca3(PO4)2
48
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Chn A
Cu 225 (H khi A 2008): Cho Cu vo dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X ( mt loi phn bn ha
hc), thy c kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh thot ra. Mc khc, kh X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l :
A. Amophot
B. Ure
C. Natri nitrat
D. Amoni nitrat
Cu vo dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X c kh NO bay ra suy ra c ion NO3
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c kh mi khai thot ra suy ra c ion NH +4
Vy phn l NH4NO3 , chn D
CC DNG THNG GP TRONG THI TUYN SINH

Cu202.Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3g hn hp cht rn X.Ha tan ht hn hp X
trong HNO3 d thy thot ra 0,56 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht .Ga tr m l:
A.0,15g
B.0,2g
C.0,5g
D.0,6g
Cu203.Cho 5,6 gam Fe qua dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch B.Cho dung dch B
li t t qua V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M.Ga tr ca V l:
A.20ml
B.25ml
C.30ml
D.35ml
Cu204.Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe,FeO, Fe2O3, v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 long d thu c 1,344 lt NO l sn phm kh duy nht iu kin chun v dung
dch X.C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan.Vy m co th l:
A.0,2 gam.
B.0,7gam
C.0,8 gam
D.1,13gam
Cu205.Th tch hn hp kh (H2,CO) iu kin chun cn dng phn ng ht vi hn hp
A gm 5,8g Fe3O4 ,4,8 gam Fe2O3 v 5,1g Al2O3 l bao nhiu?
A.6,496 lt
B.6,135 lt
C.4,113 lt
D.4,325 lt
Cu206.Cho 31,8 gam hn hp MgCO3,CaCO3 vo 0,8 lt HCl 1M thu c dung dch Y .Cho
vo dung dch Y mt lng d NaHCO3 thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc).Tnh lng mui thu
c?
A.14,6g
B.15,7g
C.17,7g
D.21g
Cu207.Cho hn hp gm gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92g Cu vo 400ml dung dch cha hn hp
gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M.Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X
v kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht .Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th
lng kt ta thu c l ln nht.Ga tr ti thiu ca V l:
A.240ml
B360ml
C.120ml
D.400ml
Cu208.Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO v dung dch X.Khi lng mui c trong dung dch X l:
A.8,88g
B.13,92g
C.6,52g
D.13,32 g
Cu209.Cho 6,12g hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long un nng
v khuy u.Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 3,36 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy
nht , dung dch Y v cn li 2,4g kim loi.C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan.Ga
49
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
tr ca m l:
A.151,1g
B.97,5g
C.197,1g
D.108,9g
Cu210.Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 thu c
dung dch B ch cha hai mui sunfat v NO l sn phm kh duy nht .Ga tr ca a l:
A.0,04
B.0,075
C.0,12
D.0,06
Cu211.Cho 9,12 hn hp gm FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 tc dng vi HCl d sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c dung dch Y .C cn dung dch Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam
FeCl3.Ga tr ca m l:
A.9,75g
B.8,75g
C.7,8g
D.6,5g
Cu212.Cho m gam hn hp gm Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch H2SO4.Sau khi phan3 ng
kt thc lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn.Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng
ca Zn trong hn hp ban u l:
A.90,27%
B.12,67%
C.85,30%
D.82,20%
Cu213.Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg,Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33g.Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l:
A.57ml
B.50ml
C.75ml
D.90ml
Cu214.Cho 6,72 g Fe vo 400ml dung dch HNO3 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X.Dung dch X c th hon tan ti a bao
nhiu gam Cu?
A.1,92g
B.0,64g
C.3,84g
D.3,20g
Cu215.t chy hon ton m gam hn hp ba ancol n chc thuc cng dy ng ng thu
c 3,808 lt CO2 v 5,4 gam nc.Ga tr m l:
A.4,72g
B.5,42g
C.7,42 g
D.5,72 g
Cu216.Hn hp X gm axit panmitic ,axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam hn
hp X cn 40ml dung dch NaOH 1M.Mt khc nu t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X th
thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 v 11,7 gam nc.S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X
l:
A.0,015
B.0,010
C.0,020
D.0,005
Cu217.Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3 MgO,ZnO trong 500ml dung dch axit
sunfuric 0,1M .Sau phn ng khi lng mui sunfat khan thu c sau khi c cn hon ton
dung dch trn l:
A.3,81g
B.4,81g
B.5,81g
D.6,81g
Cu218.Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO,ZnO trong 500ml dung dch HCl
0,2M .Sau phn ng c cn dung dch c 5,56 gam mui clorua khan.Gi tr m l:
A.2,81g
B.3,81g
50
t : 0914449230
GV : Nguyn V Minh
C.4,81g
D.5,81g
Cu219.Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe v Cu (t l 1:1) bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V
lt hn hp X gm hai kh NO v NO2 v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d).T khi
hi ca X so vi H2 l 19.Ga tr ca V l:
A.2,24l
B.4,48l
C.5,60l
D.3,36l
Cu220.Ha tan hon ton 5,4g Al vo dung dch HNO3 long thy bay ra 0,896 lt kh X v
44,6 gam mui .X l:
A.NO2
B.NO
D.N2O.
C.N2
------------------Ht-------------------
51
t : 0914449230

Cac Dang Toan Vo Co

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cac Dang Toan Vo Co

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GV : Nguyn V Minh

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

mmui sunfat = mkim loi + 96 n H 2 hay

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Ch : Fe tc dng vi axit loi 1 ch ra hoa1 tr II

mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11 n

22do CO3 +H 2SO4 SO4 +CO2 +H 2O

do CO3 +2HCl 2Cl +CO 2 +H 2 O

v nmui cacbonat = n mui hidr cacbonat = n CO2

mmuoi clorua mmuoi cacbonat 8, 75 7, 65

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Bo ton in tch : m.a + n.b = x.c + z.d

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Dng 4: xit kim loi + Axit mui + H2O

M 2 O n + HCl ( hay H 2SO 4 ) mui + nc

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit vi mkim loi = m xit mO

+ i vi H2SO4 (long) : m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H 2SO4

: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl

Gii: nHCl = 0,5.1, 6 = 0,8 nH + = 0,8 nO =

mkl = 19,8 6, 4 = 13, 4( g ), nCl = 0,8 mCl = 0,8.35, 5 = 28, 4

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

n Fe3O4 = 0, 01 mol n O = 0, 04 mol n H + = 2n O = 0, 08 mol = n HCl suy ra V = 0,08 lt, chn C

Coi hn hp ch gm FeO, Fe2O3 : n FeO = n FeCl2 =

m (FeCl3) = 0,06 . 162,5 = 9,75, chn A

mhh = mFe + mO = 56 x + 16 y (1)

Cch khc : Quy i hn hp gm Fe : x mol v O : y mol

Qu trnh cho nhn e : Fe 3e Fe v

3x = 2y + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N 2O + 10n N 2 + 2n SO2 (2) x, y

Nu c cho Cu th ta c phng trnh tng qut :

3n Fe + 2n Cu = 2n O + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N2O + 10n N2 + 2n SO2 (2 ') x, y

mFe = 0,7. m (hh xit st) + 5,6 . n cho/ nhn

n cho/ nhn = mol kim loi .ha tr = gim s xi ha . s mol sp kh

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Gii ra : m = 10,08g , chn D

mFe = 0,18.56 = 10, 08 gam

K t bi ny s c bi gii theo cch 1 hoc 2 hoc cch 3 s trnh by sau y :

Vy mFe = 8,96 suy ra m Fe(NO3 )3 =

mFe = 0,54.56 = 30, 24 gam , chn A

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

mFe = 0, 045.56 = 2,52 gam , chn A

mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn suy ra m oxit =

m Fe 5, 6.n nhan 16,8 5, 6.0,5

3n Fe = 2n O + k .n 3.0,18 = 2.0, 24 + k .0, 02 k = 3 N O , Chn A

m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = Fe .400 = 58 gam , chn C

m Fe = 0,17.56 = 9,52 gam , chn A

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

m Cu = 0,5.64 = 32 gam , chn B

2 x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0,3 y = 0,35

Gii: t x = n FeO = n CuO = n Fe3O 4 n O = 6 x

3n Fe + 2n Cu = 2n O + n NO2 + 3n NO 3.4 x + 2.x = 2.6 x + 0, 09 + 3.0, 05 x = 0,12 , chn A

m O = m hh m O = 22, 72 17,92 = 4,8 gam n O = 0,3 mol , 3n Fe = 2n O + 3

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Dng 6: Kim loi + Axit (H2SO4c, HNO3) mui + sn phm kh + H2O

ncho = mol kimloai . hoa tri

= do giam so OXH .nsan pham khu

nH 2 SO4 = nS = nSO 2 + nS (trong sp khu ) =

mmuoi = mkimloai + mSO 2 = mkimloai + 96.nSO 2 = mkimloai + 96.

nHNO3 = nN = nNO + nN (trong sp khu ) = n( cho / nhan ) + nS (trong sp khu )

mmuoi = mkimloai + mNO = mkimloai + 62.nNO = mkimloai + 62.

Nn s mol e H v N nhn bng nhau .

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Cu 54 : Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu , Mg , Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 896 ml ( ktc) hn hp gm NO v