Chuyen e 1: TNH N IU CA HM S

Trong bi ny chng ta s ng dng o hm xt tnh n iu (tc l tnh ng bin v nghch bin) ca

hm s. ng thi s xt cc ng dng ca tnh n iu trong vic chng minh bt ng thc, gii phng
trnh, bt phng trnh v h phng trnh.

A. TM TT GIO KHOA
Gi s K l mt khong, mt on hoc mt na khong v f l hm s xc nh trn K.
I) NH NGHA
- Hm s f c gi l ng bin (tng) trn K nu
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
x , x K, x x f x f x e < <
- Hm s f c gi l nghch bin (gim) trn K nu
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
x , x K, x x f x f x e < >
Minh ha:
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2
-0.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
x
y
K=(-1;0) K=(1/2;1)
y=f(x)=x
4
-2x
2
+2

- Nu hm s ng bin trn K th th i ln t tri sang phi
- Nu hm s nghch bin trn K th th i xung t tri sang phi
- Hm s ng bin hay nghch bin trn K c gi chung l hm s n iu trn K.
II) CC NH L
1) nh l 1: Cho hm s y f (x) = c o hm trn K.
a) Nu hm s f (x) ng bin trn K th f '(x) 0 > vi mi x K e
b) Nu hm s f (x) nghch bin trn K th f '(x) 0 s vi mi x K e

- [ f(x) ng bin trn K] [ f '(x) 0 > vi mi x K e ] (dng mnh ko theo)

- [ f(x) nghch bin trn K] [ f '(x) 0 > vi mi x K e ]

2) nh l 2: Cho hm s y f (x) = c o hm trn K.
a) Nu ( ) f ' x 0 > vi mi x K e th hm s f (x) ng bin trn K
b) Nu ( ) f ' x 0 < vi mi x K e th hm s f (x) nghch bin trn K
c) Nu ( ) f ' x 0 = vi mi x K e th hm s f (x) khng i trn K

- [ f '(x) 0 > vi mi x K e ] [ f(x) ng bin trn K]

- [ f '(x) 0 > vi mi x K e ] [ f(x) nghch bin trn K]

- [ f '(x) 0 = vi mi x K e ] [ f(x) khng i trn K]

Ch quan trng:
Khong K trong nh l trn c th c thay bi mt on hoc mt na khong. Khi phi b sung gi
thit
"Hm s lin tc trn on hoc na khong ". C th
- Nu hm s lin tc trn an
| |
a; b v c o hm f '(x) 0 > trn khong ( ) a; b th hm s f ng
bin trn an
| |
a; b
- Nu hm s lin tc trn an
| |
a; b v c o hm f '(x) 0 < trn khong ( ) a; b th hm s f nghch
bin trn an
| |
a; b

3) nh l 3: (nh l m rng) Cho hm s y f (x) = c o hm trn K.
a) Nu ( ) f ' x 0 > vi mi x K e v ( ) f ' x 0 = ch ti mt s im hu hn thuc K
th hm s f (x) ng bin trn K.
b) Nu ( ) f ' x 0 s vi mi x K e v ( ) f ' x 0 = ch ti mt s im hu hn thuc K
th hm s f (x) nghch bin trn K.

Tnh n iu ca hm s bc ba
4) nh l 4: Cho hm s bc ba ( ) ( )
3 2
y f x ax bx cx d a 0 = = + + + = , ta c ( )
2
f ' x 3ax 2bx c = + + .
a) Hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
y f x ax bx cx d a 0 = = + + + = ng bin trn ( )
2
f ' x 3ax 2bx c 0 x = + + > e
b) Hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
y f x ax bx cx d a 0 = = + + + = nghch bin trn ( )
2
f ' x 3ax 2bx c 0 x = + + s e

B. THC HNH GII TON

I. CC DNG TON C BN
1.Dng 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s.
V d 1: Tm cc khong n iu ca cc hm s sau

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2 3 2
4
2 4 2
2
a) y f x x x x 3 b) y f x x 3x 9x 11
x
c) y f x 2x 6 d) y f x x 4x 3
4
3x 1 x 2x 2
e) y f x f ) y f x
x 1 x 1
= = + = = + +
= = + = = +
+ + +
= = = =
+ +

V d 2: Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau

2
a) y x 2 x b) y x 4 x
2
x 3 x
c) y d) y
2 2
x 1 x 1
= + =
+
= =
+

2.Dng 2: nh tham s hm s n iu trn mt min K cho trc.
V d 1: Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s
a) ( ) ( )
3 2
1
y x mx m 6 x 2m 1
3
= + + + + ng bin trn
b) ( ) ( )
3 2
1
y x m 1 x m 3 x 4
3
= + + + nghch bin trn
V d 2: Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho hm s ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2
f x x m 1 x 2m 1 x m 2 = + + +
a) ng bin trn
b) ng bin trn na khong
3
;
2
|
+
|

.

V d 3: Tm cc gi tr ca tham s a sao cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2 2
1 1
f x x ax 2a 3a 1 x 3a
3 2
= + + + +
a) Nghch bin trn
b) Nghch bin trn mi na khong ( |
; 1 v
| ) 3; +

II. CC DNG TON NNG CAO
1.Dng 1: S dng tnh n iu chng minh bt ng thc.
a) V d 1: Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
i) sin x x < vi mi x 0;
2
t | |
e
|
\ .

ii)
2
x
cos x 1
2
> vi mi x 0;
2
t | |
e
|
\ .

b) V d 2: Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
i) 2sin x tan x 3x + > vi mi x 0;
2
t | |
e
|
\ .

ii) sin x tan x 2x + > vi mi x 0;
2
t | |
e
|
\ .

2.Dng 2: S dng tnh n iu gii phng trnh, h phng trnh, bt phng trnh.
B sung cc tnh cht ca tnh n iu
- Tnh cht 1: Gi hm s ( ) y f x = ng bin (nghch bin) trn khong ( ) a; b v ( ) u; v a; b e ta c:
( ) ( ) f u f v u v = =
- Tnh cht 2: Gi hm s ( ) y f x = ng bin trn khong ( ) a; b v ( ) u; v a; b e ta c:
( ) ( ) f u f v u v < <
- Tnh cht 3: Gi hm s ( ) y f x = nghch bin trn khong ( ) a; b v ( ) u; v a; b e ta c:
( ) ( ) f u f v u v < >
- Tnh cht 4: Nu hm s ( ) y f x = ng bin trn ( ) a; b v ( ) y g x = lm hm hng hoc l mt
hm s nghch bin trn ( ) a; b th phng trnh ( ) ( ) f x g x = c nhiu nht mt nghim thuc
khong ( ) a; b
Da vo tnh cht trn ta suy ra:
Nu c ( )
0
x a; b e sao cho ( ) ( )
0 0
f x g x = th phng trnh ( ) ( ) f x g x = c nghim duy nht trn
( ) a; b
a) V d 1: Gii phng trnh x 9 2x 4 5 + + + =
b) V d 2: Gii phng trnh
2
x cos x 0
4 2
t
+ =
c) V d 3: Gii phng trnh
2 2
x 15 3x 2 x 8 + = + +
d) V d 4: Gii bt phng trnh x 2 3 x 5 2x + <
e) V d 5: Gii h phng trnh
{
cot x cot y x y
5x 8y 2
=
+ = t
vi ( ) x, y 0; e t
f) V d 6: Gii h phng trnh:
x y 1 y 1 x 0
x 1 y 2

+ =

+ =

C. BI TP V NH
Bi 1: Tm cc khong n iu ca cc hm s sau

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2 4 2
2
a) y f x x 3x 9x 5 b) y f x x 2x 3
2x 1 x 2x 3
c) y f x d) y f x
x 1 x 2
= = + + + = = + +

= = = =


Bi 2: Lp bng bin thin ca cc hm s sau

( )( )
2
a) y x 4 x
b) y x 1 9 x
c) y x 1 8 x x 1 8 x
= +
= +
= + + + +

Bi 3: Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
1
y a 1 x ax 3a 2 x 2
3
= + + +
Tm a hm s ng bin trn
Bi 4: Ty theo m hy xt s bin thin ca hm s ( )
2
y x m x m =
Bi 5: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

2
3
a) 4x 1 4x 1 1
b) sin x cos x 2x 1 0
c) 4x 12x 8 cos3x 9cos x 0
+ =
+ + =
+ + =

Bi 6: Gii bt phng trnh
2
x x 6 x 2 18 + + + <
Bi 7: Gii h phng trnh
3 2
3 2
3 2
2x 1 y y y
2y 1 z z z
2z 1 x x x
+ = + +

+ = + +

+ = + +

Bi 8: Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn. Chng minh rng:
sin A sin B sin C tan A tan B tan C 2 + + + + + > t



------------------------Ht-----------------------








Chuyn 3: GI TR LN NHT
V GI TR NH NHT CA HM S
A. TM TT GIO KHOA
I) NH NGHA: Gi s hm s ( ) y f x = xc nh trn tp hp D.
- S M c gi l GTLN ca hm s ( ) y f x = trn tp D nu cc iu sau c tha mn

( )
( )
0 0
i) f x M x D
ii) x D: f x M
s e

- e =

K hiu:

- S m c gi l GTNN ca hm s ( ) y f x = trn tp D nu cc iu sau c tha mn

( )
( )
0 0
i) f x m x D
ii) x D: f x m
> e

- e =

K hiu: ( )
x D
m min f x
e
=
Minh ha:
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
x
y
y=f(x)=x
3
-3x+4
-5/2
3/2
m=33/8
M=6
D=[-5/2;3/2]

- Quy c: Ta quy c rng khi ni GTLN hay GTNN ca hm s f m khng ni "trn tp D" th ta
hiu l GTLN hay GTNN trn TP XC NH ca n.
- i vi GTLN v GTNN i vi hm nhiu bin cng c nh ngha tng t.

II) CC PHNG PHP THNG DNG TM GTLN & GTNN CA HM S MT BIN:
1) Phng php 1 : S dng bt ng thc (hay phng php dng nh ngha).
Mt s kin thc thng dng:
a)
2 2
( ) ( )
2 4
b
f x ax bx c a x
a a
A
= + + = +
b) Bt ng thc C-si: Vi hai s a, b khng m ( ) a, b 0 > ta lun c:
a b
ab
2
+
>
Du "=" xy ra khi a b =
2) Phng php 2 : S dng iu kin c nghim ca phng trnh (hay phng php min gi tr).
Mt s kin thc thng dng:
a) Phng trnh ( )
2
ax bx c 0 a 0 + + = = c nghim 0 A >
b) Phng trnh ( ) a cos x bsin x c a, b 0 + = = c nghim
2 2 2
a b c + >
C s l thuyt ca phng php: Cho hm s xc nh bi biu thc dng ( ) y f x =
- Tp xc nh ca hm s c nh ngha l : D = { x | e f(x) c ngha}
- Tp gi tr ca hm s c nh ngha l : T = { y | e Phng trnh f(x) = y c nghim x D e }
Do nu ta tm c tp gi tr T ca hm s th ta c th tm c GTLN v GTNN ca hm s
.
3) Phng php 3 : S dng o hm (hay phng php gii tch).
- iu kin tn ti GTLN v GTNN:
nh l: Hm s lin tc trn mt on
| |
a; b th t c GTLN v GTNN trn on .
(Weierstrass 2)
- Phng php chung: Mun tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s ( ) y f x = trn min D, ta lp
BNG BIN THIN ca hm s trn D ri da vo BBT suy ra kt qu.
- Phng php ring:

- Ch : Phi kim tra tnh lin tc ca hm s ( ) y f x = trn on
| |
a; b , trnh p dng mt cch hnh
thc.
B. THC HNH GII TON
1) Phng php 1 : S dng bt ng thc
V d 1: Tm GTLN ca hm s ( )
2
f x 2x 8x 1 = + +
V d 2: Tm GTNN ca hm s ( )
2
f x 2x 4x 12 = +
V d 3: Tm GTNN ca cc hm s sau
a) ( )
2
f x x
x 1
= +

vi ( ) x 1; e +
b)
7
f (x) x 3
x 3
= +

2) Phng php 2 : S dng iu kin c nghim ca phng trnh
V d 1 : Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s
2
2
x x 2
y
x x 2
+ +
=
+

V d 2: Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s
1 sin x
y
2 cos x
+
=
+

3) Phng php 3 : S dng o hm
V d 1: Tm GTLN v GTNN ca cc hm s sau:

3 2
a) y x 3x 9x 35 = + trn on
| |
4, 4
x 2
b) y
x 2

=
+
trn on
| |
0; 2
c) y sin2x x = trn on ;
2 2
t t (

(


2
d) y x 2 x = +
e) 2025 2011 y x = trn on
| |
0;1 f)
2
1
x
y
x
+
=

trn on
| |
0;1
g)
2
3 6
1
x x
y
x
+
=

trn on
| |
2; 6 h)
2x
y x e = trn on
| |
1; 0
V d 2: Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s
a)
3
4
y 2sin x sin x
3
= trn on
| |
0; t b)
4 2
y cos x 6cos x 5 = +




















Chuyen e 4: CUNG LI - CUNG LM V IM UN

TM TT GIO KHOA
1. Khi nhim v cung li, cung lm v dim un

- Ti mi im ca cung

AC, tip tuyn lun lun pha trn ca

AC. Ta ni

AC l mt cung li.
- Ti mi im ca cung

CB, tip tuyn lun lun pha di ca

CB. Ta ni

CB l mt cung lm.
- im C phn cch gia cung li v cung lm c gi l im un ca th. Ti im un tip
tuyn i xuyn qua th.
2. Du hiu nhn bit li, lm v im un
nh l 1: Cho hm s y f (x) = c o hm cp hai trn khong ( ) a; b .
- Nu f ''(x) 0 < vi mi ( ) x a; b e th th ca hm s li trn khong .
- Nu f ''(x) 0 > vi mi ( ) x a; b e th th ca hm s lm trn khong .
nh l 2: Cho hm s y f (x) = c o hm cp hai trn khong ( ) a; b v ( )
0
x a; b e
- Nu f "(x) i du khi x i qua x
0
th im ( )
0 0 0
M x ; f (x ) l im un ca th hm s cho.
3. p dng
V d: Tm khong li lm v im un ca th cc hm s sau
a)
3 2
y x 3x 2 = + b)
4 2
y x 2x 3 =




-------------------------Ht------------------------






Chuyen e 5: NG TIM CN CA TH HM S

TM TT GIO KHOA
1. ng tim cn ng v ng tim cn ngang
nh ngha 1

nh ngha 2


2. ng tim cn xin
nh ngha 3









3. p dng
V d : Tm cc ng tim cn ca th cc hm s sau
a)
2x 1
y
x 1

b)
1 2x
y
x 2

=
+

c)
2
x 2x 3
y
x 2

=

d)
2
x 2x 2
y
x 1
+ +
=
+


-------------------------Ht-------------------------




Chuyn 6: KHO ST S BIN THIN V V TH HM S
I. S chung kho st s bin thin v v th hm a thc
1. Hm s ( )
3 2
y ax bx cx d a 0 = + + + =
1) Tp xc nh: D =
2) S bin thin:
- a) Chiu bin thin:
+ y' ? =
= = y' 0 x ?
+ Xt du y':

x ? +
y' ?

- Kt lun v cc khong n iu ca hm s.
- Kt lun v cc tr ca hm s.
- b) Gii hn ti v cc:

x
lim y ?

= v
x
lim y ?
+
=
(Ch nu kt qu khng cn gii thch chi tit)
- c) Bng bin thin:

x - ? +
y' ?
y ?

(Bng bin thin phi y mi chi tit)
3) th:
a) im un:
Lu :
CT CHUN: Khng yu cu phi c
CT NNG CAO: Nn c phn ny
y'' ? =

0
y'' 0 x x ? = =
Do y'' i du khi x i qua
0
x
Kt lun ta im un ( )
0 0
U x ; y
b) Giao im ca th vi cc trc ta :
+ Giao im vi Oy: x 0 y ? = =
+ Giao im vi Ox (nu c): y 0 x ? = =

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y

Nhn xt: th nhn im un ( ) U ?;? lm tm i xng.
V d 1: Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau
1)
3 2
y x 3x 4 = + 2)
3 2
y x 3x 4 = +
3)
3 2
y x 3x 4x 2 = + + 4)
3 2
y x 3x 4x 2 = +
5)
3 2
y x 3x 3x 2 = + 6)
3 2
y x 3x 3x 2 = + +
V d 2: Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2 2
y x 2m 1 x m 3m 2 x 4 = + + + +
Tm m th hm s cho c im cc i v im cc tiu v hai pha ca trc tung.
V d 3: Cho hm s ( )
3 2
y x m 3 x mx m 5 = + + + +
Tm m th hm s cho t cc tiu ti x 2 = .
V d 4: (Rt quan trng v k thut ny c s dng trong mt s bi tp)
Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 y x x mx = +
Tm m hm s c C v CT. Khi hy vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im C v
CT ca th hm s.





































2. Hm s ( )
4 2
y ax bx c a 0 = + + =
1) Tp xc nh: D =
2) S bin thin:
- a) Chiu bin thin:
+ y' ? =
= = y' 0 x ?
+ Xt du y'

x ? +
y' ?

- Kt lun v cc khong n iu ca hm s.
- Kt lun v cc tr ca hm s.
- b) Gii hn ti v cc:

x
lim y ?

= v
x
lim y ?
+
=
(Ch nu kt qu khng cn gii thch chi tit)
- c) Bng bin thin:

x - ? +
y' ?
y ?

(Bng bin thin phi y mi chi tit)
3) th:
a) im un:
Lu :
CT CHUN: Khng yu cu phi c
CT NNG CAO: Nn c phn ny
+ y'' ? =

1,2
y'' 0 x x ? = =
Do y'' i du khi x qua mi im
1,2
x
Kt lun ta im un
( )
1,2 1,2
U x ;?
b) Giao im ca th vi cc trc ta :
+ Giao im vi Oy: x 0 y ? = =
+ Giao im vi Ox (nu c): y 0 x ? = =

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y

Nhn xt: Hm s cho l hm s chn nn th ca n nhn trc tung lm trc i xng.



V d 1: Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau
1)
4 2
y x 2x 3 = 2)
4 2
y x 2x 3 = + +
3)
4 2
y x 2x 3 = + 4)
4 2
y x 2x 3 = +
V d 2: Cho hm s
( )
4 2 2
y mx m 9 x 10 = + + (1)
Tm m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr.
V d 3: Cho hm s
4 2 2
y x 2m x 1 = + (1)
Tm m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung cn.





































II.S chung kho st s bin thin v v th hm phn thc hu t
1. Hm s
( )
+
= = =
+
ax b
y c 0, ad bc 0
cx d

1) Tp xc nh:
d
D \
c

=
`
)

2) S bin thin:
- a) Chiu bin thin:
+
( )
2
ad bc
y'
cx d

=
+
; kt lun y' 0 < hoc y' 0 > vi mi
d
x
c
=

- Kt lun v cc khong n iu ca hm s
- Hm s khng c cc tr

- b) Gii hn v tim cn:
+
+
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
= = =
d d
x x
c c
d
lim y ? va lim y ? x
c
l tim cn ng
+
+
= = =
x x
a a a
lim y va lim y y
c c c
l tim cn ngang
(Ch nu kt qu khng cn gii thch chi tit)

- c) Bng bin thin:

x
-
d
c
+
y' ? ?
y ? ?

(Bng bin thin phi y mi chi tit)
3) th:
Giao im ca th vi cc trc ta :
+ Giao im vi Oy: x 0 y ? = =
+ Giao im vi Ox: y 0 x ? = =

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y

Nhn xt: th nhn giao im ( ) I ?;? ca hai tim cn lm tm i xng.





V d 1 : Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau
1)
2x 1
y
x 1

2)
1 x
y
x 2

=
+

V d 2: Cho hm s
2x 1
y
x 2

=
+
c th l (C)
Chng minh rng giao im ca hai tim cn l tm i xng ca th (C) ca hm s.
V d 3: Cho hm s
2x 1
y
x 1

c th l (C).Tm trn th (C) cc im c ta l cc s nguyn.

V d 4: Cho hm s
3x 5
y
x 2

c th l (C). Tm trn th (C) cc im sao cho tng khong cch t

n hai tim cn ca th (C) l nh nht.







































2. Hm s
( )
+ +
= = + + = =
+ +
2
ax bx c C
y Ax B a 0, a' 0
a' x b' a' x b'

(nn bin i hm s v dng nu)
1) Tp xc nh:
b'
D \
a'

=
`
)

2) S bin thin:
- a) Chiu bin thin:
+
( )
2
2
aa' x 2ab' x bb' ca'
y'
a' x b'
+ +
=
+

= = y' 0 x ?
+ Xt du y':

x

b'
a '
+
y' ? || ?

- Kt lun v cc khong n iu ca hm s.
- Kt lun v cc tr ca hm s.

- b) Gii hn v tim cn:
+
x
lim y ?

= v
x
lim y ?
+
=
+

+
| |

|
\ .
| |

|
\ .
=

b'
x
a'
b'
x
a'
lim y ?
b'
x
lim y ?
a'
l tim cn ng
+
( )
( )
x
x
lim y Ax B 0
y Ax B
lim y Ax B 0

+
( + =

= +

( + =

l tim cn xin
- c) Bng bin thin:

x
-
b'
a'
+
y' ? ?
y ? ?

(Bng bin thin phi y mi chi tit)
3) th:
Giao im ca th vi cc trc ta :
+ Giao im vi Oy: x 0 y ? = =
+ Giao im vi Ox: y 0 x ? = =

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y

Nhn xt: th nhn giao im ( ) I ?;? ca hai tim cn lm tm i xng.

V d 1: Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau
1)
2
x 2x 2
y
x 1
+ +
=
+
2)
2
x 2x 3
y
x 2

=

V d 2: Cho hm s
2
x 3x 3
y
x 2
+ +
=
+
c th l (C)
1) Tm trn th (C) cc im c ta l cc s nguyn.
2) Tm trn th (C) cc im sao cho tng khong cch t n hai tim cn ca th hm s
nh nht.
V d 3: (Rt quan trng v k thut ny c s dng trong mt s bi tp)
Cho hm s
( )
2
3 2 4
1
x m x m
y
x
+ + +
=

Tm m hm s c C v CT. Khi hy vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im C v
CT ca th hm s.

-------------------------Ht-------------------------
















Chuyen e 7: CAC BAI TOAN C BAN
CO LIEN QUAN EN KHAO SAT HAM SO

1.BAI TOAN 1 : O TH CUA HAM SO
CO MANG DAU GIA TR TUYET OI

TOM TAT GIAO KHOA
Phng phap chung:

e ve o th cua ham so co mang dau gia tr tuyet oi ta co the thc hien nh sau:
Bc 1: Xet dau cac bieu thc cha bien ben trong dau gia tr tuyet oi .
Bc 2: S dung nh ngha gia tr tuyet oi e kh dau gia tr tuyet oi
Phan tch ham so a cho thanh cac phan khong co cha dau gia tr tuyet oi
( Dang ham so cho bi nhieu cong thc)
Bc 3: Ve o th tng phan roi ghep lai( Ve chung tren mot he truc toa o).


* Cac kien thc c ban thng s dung:
1. nh ngha gia tr tuyet oi :

<
>
=
0 A neu
0 A neu
A
A
A

3. Mot so tnh chat ve o th:

a) o th cua hai ham so y=f(x) va y=-f(x) oi xng nhau qua truc hoanh
b) o th ham so chan nhan truc tung lam truc oi xng
c) o th ham so le nhan goc toa o lam tam oi xng

* Hai dang c ban

Bai toan tong quat:
T o th (C) :y=f(x), hay suy ra o th cac ham so sau:
1
2
(C ) : y f (x)
(C ) : y f ( x )
=

V d:
T o th (C) :
3
y x 3x 2 = + , hay suy ra o th cac ham so sau:
3
1
3
2
(C ) : y x 3x 2
(C ) : y x 3 x 2

= +

= +

Dang 1: T o th ) ( : ) ( ) ( : ) (
1
x f y C x f y C = =
Cach giai

B1. Ta co :

<
>
= =
(2) 0 f(x) neu
(1) 0 f(x) neu
) (
) (
) ( : ) (
1
x f
x f
x f y C
B2. T o th (C) a ve ta co the suy ra o th (C
1
) nh sau:
- Gi nguyen phan o th (C) nam pha tren truc Ox ( do (1) )
- Lay oi xng qua Ox phan o th (C) nam pha di truc Ox ( do (2) )
- Bo phan o th (C) nam pha di truc Ox ta se c (C
1
)

Minh hoa











Dang 2: T o th
2
(C) : y f (x) (C ) : y f ( x ) = = ( ay la ham so chan)
Cach giai


B1. Ta co :
{ 2
f (x) x 0 (1)
(C ) : y f ( x )
f ( x) x 0 (2)
>
= =
<
neu
neu

B2. T o th (C) a ve ta co the suy ra o th (C
2
) nh sau:
- Gi nguyen phan o th (C) nam pha ben phai truc Oy ( do (1) )
- Lay oi xng qua Oy phan o th (C) nam pha ben phai truc Oy
( do do tnh chat ham chan )
- Bo phan o th (C) nam pha ben trai truc Oy (neu co) ta se c (C
2
)

Minh hoa:

x




Minh ho


f(x)=x^3-3*x+2
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y
y = x
3
-3x+2
f(x)=x^3-3*x+2
f(x)=abs(x^3-3*x+2)
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y
(C): y = x
3
-3x+2
2 3 : ) (
3
1
+ = x x y C
y=x
3
-3x+2
y=x
3
-3x+2
f(x)=x^3-3*x+2
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y
y = x
3
-3x+2
f(x)=x^3-3*x+2
f(x)=abs(x^3)-abs(3*x)+2
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y
(C): y = x
3
-3x+2
2 3 : ) (
3
2
+ = x x y C
y=x
3
-3x+2
y=x
3
-3x+2
x
y
y
x
BI TP RN LUYN

Bai 1: Cho ham so : x x y 3
3
+ = (1)
1. Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th (C) cua ham so (1)
2. T o th (C) a ve, hay suy ra o th cac ham so sau:
x x y a 3 )
3
+ = b) x x y 3
3
+ =
Bai 2: Cho ham so :
1
1

+
=
x
x
y (1)
1. Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th (C) cua ham so (1)
2. T o th (C) a ve, hay suy ra o th cac ham so sau:

1
1
)

+
=
x
x
y a b)
1
1

+
=
x
x
y c)
1
1

+
=
x
x
y d)
1
1

+
=
x
x
y
































2.BAI TOAN 2 : S TNG GIAO CUA HAI O TH

a) Bai toan tong quat:
Trong mp(Oxy) . Hay xet s tng giao cua o th hai ham so :
1
2
(C ) : y f(x)
(C ) : y g(x)
=

(C
1
) va (C
2
) khong co iem chung (C
1
) va (C
2
) cat nhau (C
1
) va (C
2
) tiep xuc nhau


Phng phap chung:
* Thiet lap phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua o th hai ham so a cho:
f(x) = g(x) (1)
* Giai phng trnh (1) . So nghiem cua phng trnh (1) chnh la so giao iem
cua hai o th (C
1
) va (C
2
).

Ghi nh: So nghiem cua pt (1) = so giao iem cua hai o th (C
1
) va (C
2
).




Chu y 1 :
* (1) vo nghiem (C
1
) va (C
2
) khong co iem iem chung
* (1) co n nghiem (C
1
) va (C
2
) co n iem chung
Chu y 2 :
* Nghiem x
0
cua phng trnh (1) chnh la hoanh o iem chung cua (C
1
) va (C
2
).
Khi o tung o iem chung la y
0
= f(x
0
) hoac y
0
= g(x
0
).









x
y y y
x x
O O O
) (
1
C
) (
2
C
) (
1
C
) (
2
C
1
x
2
x
1
M
2
M 2
y
1
y 0
M
) (
2
C
) (
1
C
x
y
0
y
0
x
O
Ap dung:
V du: Tm toa o giao iem cua ng cong (C) :
1
1 2
+

=
x
x
y va ng thang 1 3 : ) ( = x y d

b. ieu kien tiep xuc cua o th hai ham so :
nh ly : Cho hai ham so
1
2
(C ) : y f(x)
(C ) : y g(x)
=

(C
1
) tiep xuc vi (C
1
) he :
' '
f(x) g(x)
f (x) g (x)
=

co nghiem








Ap dung:
V du 1: Cho 1 3 : ) (
2
= x x y P va
1
3 2
: ) (
2

+
=
x
x x
y C . Chng minh rang (P) va (C) tiep xuc nhau.
V du 2: Cho ham so
1
1
2

+
=
x
x x
y . Viet phng trnh ng thang (d) qua M(0;1) va tiep xuc vi o th
ham so.

BAI TAP REN LUYEN

Bai 1: Cho ham so
2
( 1)( ) y x x mx m = + + (1)
Xac nh m sao cho o th ham so (1) cat truc hoanh tai 3 iem phan biet.
Bai 2: Cho ham so
3 2
2 3 1 y x x = (C)
Goi (d) la ng thang i qua iem M(0;-1) va co he so goc bang k. Tm k e ng thang (d) cat
(C) tai ba iem phan biet.
Bai 3: Cho ham so
4 2
1 y x mx m = + (1)
Xac nh m sao cho o th ham so (1) cat truc hoanh tai 4 iem phan biet.
Bai 4: Cho ham so
1
1
2
+

=
x
x x
y (1)
Tm m e ng thang (d) : y = m(x-3)+1 cat o th ham so (1) tai hai iem phan biet
Bai 5: Cho ham so
2
1
mx x m
y
x
+ +
=

(1)
Tm m e o th ham so (1) cat truc hoanh ta hai iem phan biet va hai iem o co hoanh o
dng .
Bai 6: Cho ham so
2
1
1
x mx
y
x
+
=

(1)
M
O
A
) (
1
C
) (
2
C
y
x
nh m e ng thang y=m cat o th ham so (1) tai hai iem phan biet A, B sao cho OA OB .
Bai 7: Cho ham so
2
3
1
x
y
x
+
=
+

Viet phng trnh ng thang (d) i qua iem M(2;
2
5
) sao cho (d) cat o th (C) tai hai iem
phan A,B va M la trung iem cua AB.
Bai 8: Cho ham so
) 1 ( 2
3 3
2

+
=
x
x x
y (1)
Tm m e ng thang y=m cat o th ham so (1) tai hai iem A,B sao cho AB=1

RN LUYN GII TUYN SINH

Bi 1:

Bi 2:



Bi 3:

Bi 4:

Bi 5:

Bi 6:



3.BAI TOAN 3: TIEP TUYEN VI NG CONG
a. Dang 1:
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi o th (C):y = f(x) tai iem
0 0 0
M (x ; y ) (C) e








Phng phap:

Phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) tai M(x
0
;y
0
) co dang:

y - y
0
= k ( x - x
0
)

Trong o : x
0
: hoanh o tiep iem
y
0
: tung o tiep iem va y
0
=f(x
0
)
k : he so goc cua tiep tuyen va c tnh bi cong thc : k = f
'
(x
0
)


Ap dung:
V du1:

V du2: Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua o th ham so 3 3
3
+ = x x y tai iem uon cua no

b. Dang 2:
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi o th (C): y=f(x) biet tiep tuyen co he so goc k cho trc







Phng phap: Ta co the tien hanh theo cac bc sau

Bc 1: Goi
0 0
( ; ) ( ) M x y C e la tiep iem cua tiep tuyen vi (C)
Bc 2: Tm x
0
bang cach giai phng trnh :
'
0
( ) f x k = , t o suy ra
0 0
( ) y f x = =?
Bc 3: Thay cac yeu to tm c vao pt: y - y
0
= k ( x - x
0
) ta se c pttt can tm.

(C): y=f(x)
0
x
x
0
y
y
0
M
A
(C): y=f(x)
0
x
x
0
y
y
0
M
A
Chu y : oi vi dang 2 ngi ta co the cho he so goc k di dang gian tiep nh : tiep tuyen song song,
tiep tuyen vuong goc vi mot ng thang cho trc .











Khi o ta can phai s dung cac kien thc sau:
nh ly 1: Neu ng thang ( A) co phng trnh dang : y= ax+b th he so goc cua ( A) la:

k a
A
=

nh ly 2: Neu ng thang ( A) i qua hai iem
B A B
( ; ) va B(x ; ) vi x x
A A B
A x y y = th he so
goc cua ( A) la :


B A
B A
y y
k
x x
A

=

nh ly 3: Trong mp(Oxy) cho hai ng thang
1 2
( ) va ( ) A A . Khi o:


1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
// k k
k .k 1
A A
A A
A A =
A A =

Ap dung:
V du1: Cho ng cong (C):
3 2
1 1 4
2
3 2 3
y x x x = +
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) biet tiep tuyen song song vi ng thang (d): y = 4x+2.
V du 2: Cho ng cong (C):
1
3
2
+
+
=
x
x
y
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) biet tiep tuyen vuong goc vi ng thang x y 3 : ) ( = A








(C): y=f(x)
A
x
y
a k / 1 =
O
b ax y + = A :
2
(C): y=f(x)
x
y
a k =
b ax y + =
1
A
2
A
c. Dang 3:
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C): y=f(x) biet tiep tuyen i qua iem A(x
A
;y
A
)








Phng phap 1 : Ta co the tien hanh theo cac bc sau

Bc 1: Viet phng trnh ng thang ( A) qua A va co he so
goc la k bi cong thc:
( ) ( )
A A A A
y y k x x y k x x y = = + (*)
Bc 2: nh k e ( A) tiep xuc vi (C). Ta co:

A
'
f(x)=k(x-x )
tiep xuc (C) he co nghiem (1)
f ( )
A
y
x k
+

A

=

Bc 3: Giai he (1) tm k. Thay k tm c vao (*) ta se c pttt can tm.



Phng phap 2 : Ta co the tien hanh theo cac bc sau



0 0
M(x , y )

-






Bc 1: Gi
0 0
M(x ; y ) l mt im ty trn (C) vi
0 0
y f(x ) =
Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) ti M c dng

0 0 0
( ) : y f '(x )(x x ) f(x ) A = + (1)
Bc 2: Tm x
0
( A) i qua
A A
A(x ; y )

A A 0 0 A 0 A
A(x ; y ) ( ) f '(x )( x ) f( y x ) ( ) x 2 e A = +
Gii phng trnh (2) tm x
0
Bc 3: Thay x
0
vo phng trnh (1) ta c pttt cn tm.


x
y
A A A A
y x x k y x x k y y + = = A ) ( ) ( :
O
) ; (
A A
y x A
) ( : ) ( x f y C =
x
y
0 0 0
: y f '(x )(x x ) f(x ) A = +
O
) ; (
A A
y x A
) ( : ) ( x f y C =
Ap dung:
V du1: Cho ng cong (C): 4 3
2 3
+ + = x x y
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) biet tiep tuyen i qua iem A(0;-1)
V du 2: Cho ng cong (C):
2 5
2
x
y
x

Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) biet tiep tuyen i qua iem A(-2;0).
BAI TAP REN LUYEN
Bai 1: Cho ng cong (C):
2
1
2
+
+
=
x
x x
y
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) biet tiep tuyen vuong goc vi ng thang 2 : ) ( = A x y
Bai 2: Cho ham so
1
6 3
2
+
+ +
=
x
x x
y (C)
Tm tren o th (C) cac iem ma tiep tuyen tai o vuong goc vi ng thang x y d
3
1
: ) ( =
Bai 3: Cho ng cong (C):
2
1
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

Tm cac iem tren (C) ma tiep tuyen vi (C) tai o vuong goc vi tiem can xien cua (C).

Bai 4: Cho ham so
3
1
2 3
1
2 3
+ + = x
m
x y (C
m
)
Goi M la iem thuoc (C
m
) co hoanh o bang -1 . Tm m e tiep tuyen cua (C
m
) tai iem M song
song vi ng thang 5x-y=0
Bai 5: Cho ng cong (C): 2 3
2 3
+ = x x y
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (C) biet tiep tuyen i qua iem M(2;-7)

RN LUYN GII TUYN SINH
Bai 1:

Bi 2:

Bi 3:

Bi 4:

Bi 5:


























4.BAI TOAN 4: BIEN LUAN SO NGHIEM CUA PHNG TRNH BANG O TH
C s cua phng phap:

Xet phng trnh f(x) = g(x) (1)
Nghiem x
0
cua phng trnh (1) chnh la hoanh o giao iem cua (C
1
):y=f(x) va (C
2
):y=g(x)








Dang 1 : Bang o th hay bien luan theo m so nghiem cua phng trnh : f(x) = m (*)
Phng phap:

Bc 1: Xem (*) la phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua hai o th:

- =
- A = A
( ) : ( ) : (C) la o thi co inh
( ) : : ( ) la ng thang di ong cung phng Ox
va cat Oy tai M(0;m)
C y f x
y m
Bc 2: Ve (C) va ( A) len cung mot he truc toa o
Bc 3: Bien luan theo m so giao iem cua ( A) va (C)
T o suy ra so nghiem cua phng trnh (*)


Minh hoa:


















y
x
) ( : ) ( x f y C =
) ; 0 ( m
1
m
2
m
m y =
A
O
y
x
0
x
) (
1
C
) (
2
C
Dang 2: Bang o th hay bien luan theo m so nghiem cua phng trnh : f(x) = g(m) (* *)

Phng phap: at k=g(m)
Bc 1: Xem (**) la phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua hai o th:

- =
- A = A
( ) : ( ) : (C) la o thi co inh
( ) : : ( ) la ng thang di ong cung phng Ox
va cat Oy tai M(0;k)
C y f x
y k
Bc 2: Ve (C) va ( A) len cung mot he truc toa o
Bc 3: Bien luan theo k so giao iem cua ( A) va (C) . D a vao he thc k=g(m) e suy ra m
T o ket luan ve so nghiem cua phng trnh (**).


Minh hoa:







Ap dung:
V du: 1) Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th ham so 4 12 9 2
2 3
+ = x x x y
2) Bien luan theo m so nghiem cua phng trnh: 0 4 12 9 2
2 3
= + m x x x
3) Tm m e phng trnh sau co 6 nghiem phan biet: m x x x = + 12 9 2
2
3

BAI TAP REN LUYEN
Bai 1: Bien luan theo m so nghiem cua cac phng trnh :
a.
2
1
x
m
x
=

b.
2
1
x
m
x
=

Bai 2: Tm k e phng trnh sau co ba nghiem phan biet:

3 2 3 2
3 3 0 x x k k + + =
Bai 3: Tm m e phng trnh sau co nghiem duy nhat:

3
3 2 0 x mx + =
Bai 4 :Tm m e phng trnh sau co hai nghiem phan biet:

2
2 4 3 2 1 0 x x m x + =








x
y
A k y =
) ; 0 ( k
K
1
M
O
2
K
RN LUYN GII TUYN SINH
Bi 1:

Bi 2:




































5. BAI TOAN 5: HO NG CONG

BAI TOAN TONG QUAT:
Cho ho ng cong ) , ( : ) ( m x f y C
m
= ( m la tham so )
Bien luan theo m so ng cong cua ho ) (
m
C i qua iem ) ; (
0 0 0
y x M cho trc.
PHNG PHAP GIAI:

Ta co :
Ho ng cong ) (
m
C i qua iem ) ; (
0 0 0
y x M ) , (
0 0
m x f y = (1)
Xem (1) la phng trnh theo an m.
Tuy theo so nghiem cua phng trnh (1) ta suy ra so ng cong cua ho (Cm) i qua M
0

Cu the:
- Neu phng trnh (1) co n nghiem phan biet th co n ng cong cua ho (Cm) i qua M
0

- Neu phng trnh (1) vo nghiem th moi ng cong cua ho (Cm) eu khong i qua M
0

- Neu phng trnh (1) nghiem ung vi moi m th moi ng cong cua ho (Cm) eu i qua M
0

Trong trng hp nay ta noi rang M
0
la iem co nh cua ho ng cong ) (
m
C

Ap dung:
V du: Goi (C
m
) la o th ham so
m x
m
m x y
+
+ + =
2
1 . Tm m e tiem can xien cua (C
m
) i qua iem
A(2;0)
V du: Cho ham so 1 9 3
2 3
+ + = x mx x y (1). Tm m e iem uon cua o th ham so (1) thuoc ng
thang y=x+1




















TM IEM CO NH CUA HO NG CONG
BAI TOAN TONG QUAT:
Cho ho ng cong ) , ( : ) ( m x f y C
m
= ( m la tham so )
Tm iem co nh cua ho ng cong (C
m
)
PHNG PHAP GIAI

Bc 1: Goi ) ; (
0 0 0
y x M la iem co nh (neu co) ma ho (C
m
) i qua. Khi o phng trnh:
) , (
0 0
m x f y = nghiem ung m (1)
Bc 2: Bien oi phng trnh (1) ve mot trong cac dang sau:
Dang 1: 0 = + B Am m
Dang 2: 0
2
= + + C Bm Am m
Ap dung nh ly: 0 = + B Am

=
=

0
0
B
A
m (2)

=
=
=
= + +
0
0
0
0
2
C
B
A
m C Bm Am (3)
Bc 3: Giai he (2) hoac (3) ta se tm c ) ; (
0 0
y x


























6. BAI TOAN 6: TM CAC IEM AC BIET TREN O TH CUA HAM SO
Bai 1: Cho ham so
2
3 6
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

Tm tren o th ham so tat ca nhng iem co cac toa o la nguyen .
Bai 2: Cho ham so
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

Tm iem thuoc o th ham so sao cho khoang cach t o en truc hoanh bang hai lan khoang
cach t o en truc tung .
Bai 3: Cho ham so
2 1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+

Tm tren o th ham so nhng iem co tong khoang cach en hai tiem can nho nhat
Bai 4: Cho ham so
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+
=

Tm iem M tren o th (C) sao cho khoang cach t M en giao iem cua hai ng tiem can la
nho nhat
Bai 5: Cho ham so
2
4 5
2
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

Tm iem thuoc o th ham so sao cho khoang cach t iem o en ng thang y+3x+6 = 0 la
nho nhat.
Bai 6: Cho ham so
1
1
y x
x
= +

(C)
Tm hai iem A,B tren hai nhanh khac nhau cua (C) sao cho o dai oan AB nho nhat
Bai 7: Cho ham so
2
2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=

Tm tren o th ham so hai iem oi xng nhau qua iem
5
(0; )
2
I
Bai 8: Cho ham so
2
1
x
y
x
=

Tm tren o th ham so hai iem oi xng nhau qua ng thang y=x-1















7. BAI TOAN 7: CAC BAI TOAN VE S OI XNG
Bai 1: Cho ham so
1
1
2

+
=
x
x x
y (C). Chng minh rang (C) nhan giao iem hai tiem can ng va xien
lam tam oi xng.
Bai 2: Cho ham so
2 2 2
2
1
x m x m
y
x
+ +
=
+
(C
m
)
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so m e o th (C
m
) co hai iem phan biet oi xng nhau qua goc
toa o
Bai 3: Cho ham so
3 2 2 2
3 3( 1) 1 y x mx m x m = + + (C
m
)
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so m e o th (C
m
) co hai iem phan biet oi xng nhau qua goc
toa o
Bai 4: Cho ham so
2
4 5
2
x mx m
y
x
+
=

(C
m
)
Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so m e o th (C
m
) co hai iem phan biet oi xng nhau qua goc
toao


----------------------------------Het-----------------------------------



























BI TP RN LUYN
BI TP: N IU CC TR
GI TR LN NHT V GI TR NH NHT

Bi 1: (C-2009)

Kt qu:
5
2
4
m < <
Bi 2 (D-2003)

Kt qu:

Bi 3: (D-2011)

Kt qu:

Bi 4: (B-2002)

Kt qu: 3 m < hoc 0 3 m < <
Bi 5: (B-2003)

Kt qu:

Bi 6: (B-2005)

Bi 7: (B-2007)

Kt qu:
1
2
m =
Bi 8: (B-2011)

Kt qu: 2 2 2 m =
Bi 9: (A-2002)

Kt qu:
2
2 y x m m = +
Bi 10: (A-2005)

Kt qu: 1 m =
Bi 11: (A-2007)

Kt qu: 4 2 6 m =
Bi 12:

Bi 13:

Bi 14:

Bi 15:

Bi 16:

Bi 17:

Bi 18:

Bi 19:

Bi 20:

Bi 21:

Bi 22:

Bi 23:

Bi 24:

Bi 25:

Bi 26:

Bi 27:

Bi 28:

-------------------------Ht--------------------------






















BI TP: S TNG GIAO CA HAI TH

Bi 1: (CD-2008)

Kt qu: 0 m < hoc 4 m >
Bi 2: (D-2003)

Kt qu: 1 m >
Bi 3: (D-2006)

Kt qu:
15
4
m > v 24 m =
Bi 4: (D-2008)

Bi 5: (D-2009)

Kt qu:
1
1
3
m < < v 0 m =
Bi 6: (D-2009)

Kt qu: 1 m =
Bi 7: (D-2011)

Kt qu: 3 m =
Bi 8: (B-2009)

Kt qu: 2 6 m =

Bi 9: (B-2010)

Kt qu: 2 m =
Bi 10: (A-2003)

Kt qu:
1
0
2
m < <
Bi 11: (A-2004)

Kt qu:
1 5
2
m

=
Bi 12: (A-2010)

Kt qu:
1
1
4
m < < v 0 m =
Bi 13: (A-2011)

Kt qu: 1 m =
Bi 14:

Bi 15:

Bi 16:

Bi 17:

Bi 18:

Bi 19:

Bi 20:

Bi 21:

Bi 22:

Bi 23:

Bi 24:

Bi 25:

-------------------------Ht------------------------



































BI TP : TIP TUYN VI TH

Bi 1: (C-2010)

Bi 2: (C-2011)

Bi 3: (D-2005)

Bi 4: (D-2007)

Bi 5: (D-2010)

Bi 6: (B-2004)

Bi 7: (B-2006)

Bi 8: (B-2008)


Bi 9: (A-2009)

Bi 10: (A-2011)

Bi 11:

Bi 12:

Bi 13:

Bi 14:

Bi 15:

Bi 16:

Bi 17:

Bi 18:

Bi 19:

Bi 20:

Bi 21:

Bi 22:

Bi 23:

Bi 24:

Bi 25:

Bi 26:


Bi 27:

Bi 28:

Bi 29:

Bi 30:

Bi 31:

Bi 32:

Bi 33:

Bi 34:


Bi 35:

Bi 36:

Bi 37:

Bi 38:

Bi 39:

Bi 40:

Bi 41:

Bi 42:

Bi 43:

Bi 44:

Bi 45:

Bi 46:

...................................Ht...................................

































BI TP: BIN LUN S NGHIM
CA PHNG TRNH BNG TH

Bi 1: (B-2009)

Bi 2: (A-2002)

Bi 3: (A-2006)

Bi 4:

Bi 5:

Bi 6:

Bi 7:

Bi 8:


Bi 9:


Bi 10:

Bi 11:

Bi 12:


------------------------------Ht-----------------------------