GII PHNG TRNH & H PHNG TRNH

1) 5x 2 + 14 x 9 x 2 x 20 = 5. x + 1
2) x 5 15 x 3 + 45 x 27 = 0
11
25

=1
3)
2
x
( x + 5) 2

( x 2)( 4 x ) + 4 x 2 + 4 4 x + 6x
3
2

4)

5)

x x y + 2 0 0y =0 0
3 2
y y x 5 0x0= 0

6)
7)

3x = x 3 + 30

27 x 10 5x 6 + 5 864 = 0
x 2 + x 1 + x 2 + x +1 = x 2 x + 2
2
3

1 2x 4 8x + 6 4= y
2
3
8) 1 2y 4 8y + 6 4= z
2
3
1 2z 4 8z + 6 4= x
x1 9 + y 5 = 1 8 9z0+ z 2 0 0 1
1 9 5
2001
9) y + z = 1 8 9x0+ x
19 5
2001
z + x = 1 8 9y0+ y
2x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

3
2
10) 2 y + 1 = z + z + z

3
2
2z + 1 = x + x + x
11)
12)

( x 18 )( x 7 )( x + 35 )( x + 90 ) = 2001 x 2

( 2001 x ) 4 + ( 2003 x ) 4

= 2000

1 x 2x + x
=
x
1+ x2
a bx ( b + c ) x + x 2
xut:
Vi a ,b,c >0
=
cx
a + x2
14) x 2 + 4 x = 2x 2 5x 1
13)

xut :

b2 a 2
b a
a +b
b a
x
x a + b x = ( b a ) x 2

2
2
2
2

(Vi a + 2 < b )
15) 3 3x 2 x + 2001 3 3x 2 7 x + 2002 3 6 x 2003 = 3 2002
3

8x 3 + 2001
= 4004 x 2001
16)
2002

17)

( x a )( x b ) + ( x c)( x b ) + ( x a )( x c )
c( c a )( c b ) a ( a c )( a b ) b( b a )( b c )

1
x

Trong a;b;c khc nhau v khc khng

2
18) x = 1 1978 1 1978 x 2

19) x x 1 = 2
20)

x +2

21)

1 x + 4 x 2 + x 1 + 6 1 x 1 = 0

22)

1 x2 = x
3

x +.... +2 x +2 3x = x

23)

x2 2 = 2 x3

1 + 1 x 2 (1 + x ) (1 x ) = 2 + 1 x 2
36
4
+
= 28 4 x 2 y 1
x 2
y 1

24)
25)

26) x 4 10 x 3 2( a 11) x 2 + 2( 5a + 6 ) x + 2a + a 2 = 0
27) Tm m phng trnh :
x 2 1 ( x + 3)( x + 5) = m
c 4 nghim phn bit x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 tha mn
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
= 1
x1 x 2 x 3 x 4

28)

x 5 x 4 + 2x 2 y = 2
5 4 2
y y + 2y z = 2
5 4 2
z z + 2z x = 2

Tm nghim dng ca phng trnh

29) 18 x 2 18 x x 17 x 8 x 2 = 0
30) 4 17 x 8 3 2x 8 1 = 1
31) x 2 + 2 x = 2x 2 2 x

32)

x 4 + y 4 + z 4 = 8( x + y + z)

x y = z8

33) 19 + 10 x 4 14 x 2 = (5x 2 38 ) x 2 2
34)

35)

36)

x 2 6125 210 12 x
+ 2 +

=0
5
x
5
x

y 3 6x 2 + 1 2x 8 = 0
3 2
x 6z + 1 2z 8 = 0
3 2
z 6y + 1 2y 8 = 0
(x + 3 x + 2)(x + 9 x +18 ) = 168 x

37) Tm m h phng trnh sau c ng 2 nghim.

( x + y) 8 = 2 5 6
8 8
x + y = m + 2

38) x = 2 x 3 x + 5 x 3 x + 5 x 2 x
2 2
+ x = x +9
39)
x +1
a
+ x = x + a +1
(a > 1)
xut:
x +1
40) 13 x 1 + 9 x +1 = 16 x
28
27
41) 2 . 4 27 x 2 + 24 x +
=1 +
x +6
3
2
42)
5x 1 + 3 9 x = 2x 2 + 3x 1

43)

x+ y+ z = 1

x y z x+ y y+ z
y + z + x = y+ z + x+ y + 1

44) x 3 3x 2 + 2

( x + 2) 3

a b
= c xz
x z
b c
45) = a x y
y x
c a
= c yz
z y

6x = 0

Trong a;b;c R *+

)(

46) x 2 12 x 64 x 2 + 30 x + 125 + 8000 = 0

47) ( x 2) x 1 2x + 2 = 0

48)

x1 + x 2 + . . +. x n = n

x1 + 8 + x 2 + 8 + . . +. x n + 8 = 3n

49) Cho h phng trnh:

n
x i = n
i= 1
;b > 1
n
x + b2 1 = b n
i= 1 i

.CMR:H phng trnh c nghim duy nht x1 = x2

= ...= xn = 1

50)

3 x = x

Tng qut:

3 +x
bx +c = x

px +q

)
x )(d

51) x = (2004 + x ) 1 1 x

vi a; b; q; pR & q 2 =3pb .

Tng qut: ax = b + c
d2 e x
cho trc.
52) 4x 2 4x 10 = 8x 2 6x 10

vi a;b;c;d;e l cc hng s

x 3 ( 2 + 3y) = 1
53)
3
x y 2 = 3
x 3 + 3x y2 = 4 9
54)
x 2 8x y+ y 2 = 8y 1 7x

( )

55) 16 x 4 + 5 = 6 .3 4 x 3 + x

56)

( )
( )
( )

x 2 ( x + 1) = 2 y 3 x + 1
2
3
y ( y + 1) = 2 z y + 1
2
3
z ( z + 1) = 2 x z + 1

57) 3 3x + 1 + 3 5 x + 3 2 x 9 3 4 x 3 = 0
Tng qut: 3 a 1 x + b1 + 3 a 2 x + b 2 + 3 a 3 x + b 3 = 3 ( a 1 + a 2 + a 3 ) x + b1 + b 2 + b 3

x 3 + y = 2
58)
y 3 + x = 2

x6k+ 3 + y = 2
Tng qut:
6k + 3 ( k N )
y + x = 2
59) x 2 x 1000 1 + 8000 x = 1000
60) x + 5 + x 1 = 6
61) Tm nghim dng ca phng trnh:
x 1
1
1
2x +
= 1 +3 x
x
x
x
2
3
4
4
62)
x + x (1 x ) + (1 x ) = 1 x + 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 (1 x )
63)

(x

64)

+ 1 = 81x 27

x +1 3 x 1 = 6 x 2 1

65) 2( x 2 3x + 2 ) = 3 x 3 + 8

66)

67)

y 3 9x 2 + 2 7x 2 7= 0
3 2
z 9y + 2 7y 2 7= 0
3 2
x 9z + 2 7z 2 7= 0

68)

69)

15
30 x 2 4x = 2004
2

30060 x + 1 + 1

5x 2 + 14 x + 9 x 2 x 20 = 5 x + 1

y
3 0 2 + 4y = 2 0 0 4
x
z
3 0 2 + 4z = 2 0 0 4
y
x
3 0 2 + 4x = 2 0 0 4
z

70)
x 2 +15 = 3 .3 x 2 + x 2 + 8
71) x 3 3 3x 2 3x + 3 = 0
3
2
72)

y 6x + 1 2x 8 = 0
3 2
z 6y + 1 2y 8 = 0
3 2
x 6z + 1 2z 8 = 0

73)

3x 2 x + 2002 3 3x 2 6x + 2003 3 5x 2004 = 3 2003

74) x 3 +1 = 3 .3 3x 1
75) x 2 4x + 2 = x + 2
Bi tp tng t:
a) 20 x 2 + 52 x + 53 = 2x 1
b) 18 x 2 +17 x 8 = 1 5x
c) 18 x 2 37 x + 5 = 14 x + 9
4x + 9
d)
= 7x 2 + 7x
28
7

76) 3 x + 332 x + 3128 = 316 x +1

77) Cho 0 < a < c < d < b ; a + b = c + d
GPT: x + a 2 + x + b 2 = x + c 2 + x + d 2
78) x 2 4x + 6 = 2x 2 5x + 3 + 3x 2 + 9 x 5

79)

2x + x 2 y = y

2
2y + y z = z

2
2z + z x = x

80)

x 2 x + 19 + 7 x 2 + 8x + 13 + 13 x 2 + 17 x + 7 = 3 3 ( x + 2 )

81)

4 x 2 + 4 x +1 + x 2 + y 2 2 y 3 = 4 x 4 16 + 5 y

82)

x 2 8x + 816 + x 2 + 10 x + 267 = 2003

83)

1
3 x + = 4 y +
x
x y+ y z+ x z= 1

84)

x 2 + 2 1= y 1 + y 2
2
y + 2 1= x 1 + x 2

1 1
= 5 z +
y z

85)

1 x 2 = 4 x 3 3x
86) x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x 1 = m
Tm m phng trnh c nghim
87) Tm a phng trnh c nghim duy nht
2 + x + 4 x 8 + 2x x 2 = a

88)

x+ y+ z = 0
2 2 2
x + y + z = 1 0
7 7 7
x + y + z = 3 5 0

89)

x + 3 0.4 + y 2 0 0= 12 1 2 1

x 2 0 0+ 1 y + 3 0.4 = 2 1 2 1

) (

90) 3 2 x 2 + 1 1 = x 1 + 3x + 8 2 x 2 + 1

91) 2( x + 2 ) 5 x +1 = 0
2

92)

93)

2 2 2 3
x + y + z = 2

x y+ y z+ x z =
4

x
y
z
=

8
x + x 2 y 2 9x
=

2
2
x x y 5

x 5 + 3x
y = 6( 5 y )

94)

x 2 + x + 1 x 2 + 3x + 1 5
+
=
x 2 + 2x + 1 x 2 + 4 x + 1 6

95)

25
+
x 5

96)

6
10
+
=4
2x
3x

97)

1
+
y 3

1369
= 86 x 5 y 3 z 606
z 606

x 2 7 x + 8 + 3 x 2 6 x + 7 3 2 x 2 13x 12 = 3
98) x 3 6 .3 6 x + 4 4 = 0
3
99) x 2 3x + 1 =
x 4 + x 2 +1
3

100)

1+ x3 2
=
5
x2 + 2

HNG DN GII 100 BI PT & HPT

1) K: x 5

Chuyn v ri bnh phng:

(x

5x 2 + 14x + 9 = x 2 + 24x + 5 + 10.

4x 2 10x + 4 = 10.
2x 2 5x + 2 = 5.

x 20 ( x + 1)

( x 5) ( x + 4 ) ( x + 1)

(x

)
(x

4x 5 ( x + 4 )

2(x 2 4x 5) + 3 ( x + 4 ) = 5.

4x 5 ( x + 4 )

u= x 2 4x 5
....

v
=
x
+
4
)
(
( x + 3) x 4 3x 3 6x 2 + 18x 9 = 0

2) GPT : x 4 3x 3 6x 2 + 18x 9 = 0

x 4 3x 2 ( x 1) 9 ( x 1) = 0
2

t: x- 1 = y

3)

K:

x 4 3x 2 y 9y 2 = 0

2x 2 = 3y 3y 5
x 0; x 5

t x+5 = y

0 x = ( y 5)

PT y 4 10y3 + 39y 2 250y + 625 = 0

625
25
y 2 + 2 10 y + + 39 = 0
y
y

4) K: 2 x 4
4

p dng Cauchy:

(x 2) ( 4 x )

( x 2) + ( 4 x )
2

6x 3x = 2 27x 3 27 + x 3
p dng Bunhia:

x2 + 4 4x

x x 2 y 2 = 2000y ( 1)

5)
2
2
y x y = 500x ( 2 )
Nu x = 0 y = 0 ( 0;0 ) l n o
Nu

x 0.Rt x 2 y 2

t (1) th vo (2) ta c:

y 0
2000y
y
=
500y

2
x
x = 4y

=1

6)

27 x 10 5x 6 + 5 864 = 0
V x = 0 khng l nghim ca pt nn chia c 2 v cho x6 ta c pt:
5

32.27
=5
x6
2
1
x 4 + 6 = 5.5
27
x

27 x 4 +

p dng CauChy: x 4 +

7)

2 x4 x4 x4 1
1
1
=
+
+
+ 6 + 6 5.5
6
3
3
3 x
27
x
x

x2 + x 1 + x2 + x +1 = x2 x + 2

x 2 + x 1 0
K:
x 2 + x + 1 0

p dng Cauchy:
x2 + x 1 +1 x2 + x
x2 + x 1
=
2
2
2
x + x +1 +1 x2 + x + 2
x2 + x +1
=
2
2
2
2
x + x 1 + x + x +1 x +1
T PT x 2 x + 2 x + 1 ( x 1) 2 0

8)

1 2x 2 4 8x + 6 4= y3 ( 1)
2
3
1 2y 4 8y + 6 4= z ( 2)
2
3
1 2z 4 8z + 6 4= x ( 3)

G/s (x; y; z) l nghim ca h phng trnh trn th d thy ( y; z; x); (z;

y; x) cng l nghim ca h do c th gi s :
x = max{x; y; z}
T 12 x 2 48 x + 64 =12 x 2 4 x + 4 + 16 16

y 3 16 y 2

Tng t x 2 ; z 2
Tr (1) cho (3): y3 x3 = 12(x2 z2) 48(x-z)
y3 x3 = 12(x z)(x+z-4)
VT 0; VT 0 . Du = xy ra x = y = z
19
5
2001

9)

x + y = 1 8 9z0+ z
1 9 5
2001
y + z = 1 8 9x0+ x
19 5
2001
z + x = 1 8 9y0+ y

Ta i cm h trn c nghim duy nht x = y = z

Gi s (x,y,z) l nghim ca h ( x; y; z) cng l nghim ca h
khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s t nht 2 trong 3 s x, y, z khng
m. V d: x 0; y 0 . T phng trnh ( 1) z 0 .

Cng tng v phng trnh ta c:

(z

2001

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

Ta c: 0 < t 1 t

+ 1890t t + t
t + 1890 t18 + t 4 (ng)
t > 1 t 2001 + 1890t > t19 + t 5
2001
+ 1890 > 1 + t 2000 2t1000
Tht vy: t
2001

19

2000

c si

> t18 + t 4 (pcm)

Vy x = y = z

Bi 10: + Nu x < 0 t ( 3) 2z + 1 < 0 z <

1
1
1
y<
x<
2
2
2

Cng 3 phng trnh vi nhau:

( x + 1) ( x 1) + ( y + 1) ( y 1) + ( z + 1) ( z 1) = 0 (*)
2

1
1
1
( *) v nghim
2
2
2
x > 0; y > 0;z > 0
Gi ( x; y;z ) l nghim ca h phng trnh, khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s:
Vi x < ; y < ;z <

x = max { x;y;z}

Tr (1) cho (3) ta c:

2 ( x z ) = ( y x ) x 2 + y 2 + xy + x + y + 1
VT 0
du " = " x = y = z ....

VP 0

)(

2
2
2
Bi 11: PT x + 17x 630 x + 83x 630 = 2001x .

Do x = 0 khng phi l nghim ca phng trnh chia 2 v phng trnh cho x 2

Ta c: x + 17
t: x

630
630
x + 83
= 2001
x
x

630
=t
x

Bi 12: t/d: pt: ( x + a ) + ( x + b ) = c

4

t: y = x +

a+b
2

Bi 13: k: 0 < x 1
PT

+ 1890z + x 2001 + 1890x + y 2001 + 1890z = z19 + z 5 + x19 + x 5 + y19 + y5 .

1 x
2x 1
= 1+
(*)
x
1+ x2

1
l nghim pt (*)
2
VP > 1
1
+ < x 1 :
2
VT < 1
1 VT>1
+ 0<x< :
2 VP<1
+ x=

10

11