CHNG II.

BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC

BI TP T LUN P N

Bi 1. a) Cn c vo u m ngi ta xp cc nguyn t thnh chu k, nhm ? b) Th no l chu k? Trong h thng tun hon c bao nhiu chu k? Mi chu k c bao nhiu nguyn t ? Bi 2. Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3, phn nhm chnh nhm V trong h thng tun hon. Hi: - Nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng? - Cc e ngoi cng nm lp th my? - Vit s e trong tng lp? Bi 3. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t? b) Vit cu hnh e ? p n: Bi 4. Cho 5 nguyn t sau: Be (Z = 4) ; N (Z = 7) ; Sc (Z =21) ; Se (Z = 34); Ar (Z = 18). a) Vit cu hnh electron ca chng? b) Xc nh v tr mi nguyn t trong h thng tun hon. c) Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca chng? Gii thch?. Bi 5. a) Trong h thng tun hon nhng nhm A no gm cc kim loi ? Phi kim ? Cc kh him ? b) Nhng phn nhm ph no gm cc kim loi ? Phi kim ? Cc kh him ? Bi 6. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca mt nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm VIIA l 28. a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron. p n : 19. Bi 7. Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3 phn nhm VIA trong h thng tun hon. Hi : .

a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng ? b) Cc electron ngoi cng nm lp th my ? c) Vit s electron trong tng lp ? Bi 8. Nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t c cu hnh electron nh sau : A) 1s2 2s2 2p1 B) 1s2 2s2 2p5 C) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 D) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

Hy xc nh v tr ca chng (s th t, chu k, nhm) trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 9. Bit c v tr ca nguyn t trong h thng tun hon, ta c th bit c g v c im cu to ca nguyn t ca chng ? Bi 10. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc R2O5. Trong hp cht ca n vi hidro l mt cht c thnh phn khi lng R l 82,35%. Tm nguyn t .

BI TP T LUN P N

p n : Nit (M = 14).

Cu 1: Cho 7,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy thot ra kh B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 15,76g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % ca chng? Cu 2: Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hn hp? Cu 3: Ha tan 2,84gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dung dch A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a) Tnh th tch kh B ( ktc)? b) Xc nh tn hai kim loi.

Cu 4: Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48 gam hidro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn kim loi kin ? Cu 5: Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ? Cu 6: cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng tun hon. Bit rng 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ? Cu 7: Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng tun hon c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng tun hon? Cu 8: Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72 lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp? Cu 9: Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp? Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dung dch H2SO4. Sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp? Cu 11: Nguyn t nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s ht c bn l 52. Tm s p, n v suy ra X l nguyn t no? Cu 12: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 95, trong s ht khng mang in bng 0,5833 s ht mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? Cu 13: Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht l 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mng in l 25 ht. a) Tnh s p, s khi b) Xc nh v tr ca trong bng tun hon ri gi tn R? Cu 14: Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau: a. 1s22s22p1 b. 1s22s22p6 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 d. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 a) Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon. b) Nguyn t no l kim loi? phi kim? Kh him? Cu 15: Vit cu hnh electron cc nguyn t c s th t: 19, 35, 52, 24, 83 v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon? Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca mi nguyn t? Cu 16: Ha tan 28,4 gam hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh ktc v dung dch A. a) Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch A? b) Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA? b) Tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u? c. 1s22s22p63s23p5

Cu 17: em m gam hn hp hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cn sn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan. a) Tnh m? b) Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trong bng tun hon? Cu 18: Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t? b) Vit cu hnh electron? Cu 19: Cho A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm v 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong tun hon. Tng s p trong 2 ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 32. Xc nh tn A, B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng? Cu 20: A v B l 2 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong cng mt chu k. Tng s p trong hai ht nhn l 49. Vit cu hnh electron v xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng tun hon? Cu 21: X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng tun hon. Tng s ht p trong 2 ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t X v Y l 30. Vit cu hnh electron ca X, Y? Cu 22: Hp cht c cng thc MX2 trong chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s n nhiu hn s p l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X c s n bng s p. Tng s p trong MX2 l 58. a) Tm s khi ca M v X? b) Xc nh CTPT ca MX2? Cu 23: Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang in ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? Cu 24: Mt nguyn t gm 2 ng v c s nguyn t t l vi nhau l 27:23. ht nhn ng v th nht cha 35 proton v 44 ntron. ht nhn ng v 2 cha nhiu hn 2 ntron. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca nguyn t trn? Cu 25: Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng tun hon? Cu 26: Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c dung dch mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ? Cu 26: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc R2O5. Hp cht ca n vi hidro l 1 cht c thnh phn khi lng l 82,35%R v 17,65% H. Tm nguyn t ? Cu 27: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RO3. Trong hp cht ca n vi hidro c 5,88% H v khi lng. Tm nguyn t ? Cu 28: Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3%O. Gi tn nguyn t ? Cu 29: Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH3. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 25,93%R. Gi tn nguyn t ?

Cu 30: Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 3, 11, 12, 13. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon v sp xp chng theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn? Cu 31: Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 6, 9, 14, 17. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon v sp xp chng theo chiu tnh phi kim loi tng dn? Cu 32: Cho bit R c Z = 35. a) Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng tun hon, cng thc oxit cao nht, hidroxit cao nht, hp cht vi H v tnh cht ca cc hp cht ny? b) So snh tnh cht ca hp cht ca R vi cc hp cht ca 2 nguyn t trn v di R trong cng nhm. Cu 33: Cho X (Z = 15); Y (Z = 20); M (Z = 25). Xc nh cu hnh electron, v tr cc nguyn t suy ra tnh kim loi, phi kim, cng thc oxit cao nht v hidroxit tng ng; cng thc hp cht vi hidro? Cu 34: Oxit ca 1 nguyn t nhm IIB cha 19,75% v khi lng. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t ? Cu 35: Oxit ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc l R2O5. Hp cht ca nguyn t vi H c 8,82% H v khi lng. Xc nh R? Cu 36: M thuc nhm IIIA. Trong oxit bc cao nht ca M, oxi chim 47,05% khi lng. X thuc nhm VIA, trong oxit bc cao nht, X chim 40% v khi lng. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t M v X. Vit CTPT ca cc oxit trn? Cu 37: Trong oxit bc cao nht ca R (thuc nhm A), oxi chim 56,338% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca oxit trn? Cu 38: Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8. a) Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2- ? b) Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon? Cu 39: Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht l 48. a) Cho bit tn v xc nh v tr ca R trong bng tun hon? b) Vit cng thc phn t ca oxit v hidro ng vi ha tri cao nht ca R, cho bit tnh cht ca cc cht ny? Cu 40: Hp cht c dng AB3, tng s ht proton trong phn t l 40, trong thnh phn ht nhn A cng nh B u c s ht proton bng s ht ntron. A thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon. Xc nh tn gi ca A, B? Cu 41: Mt hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hn hp X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra phn ng ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. Cu 42: Ha tan 7,83 gam mt hn hp X gm 2 hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng tun hon c 1 lt dung dch C v 2,8 lt kh H2 thot ra ktc. Xc nh A, B v s mol A, B trong C? Cu 43: Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n.

a) Xc nh M? b) Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. 1. Gi tn X? 2. Tnh C% ca dung dch A? Cu 44: Cho 2 gam hn hp hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hn hp 2 mui khan. a) Xc nh 2 kim loi? b) Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng? Cu 45: X v Y l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 nhm A, Y di X. Cho 8 gam Y tan hon ton trong 242,4g nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch M. a) Xc nh X, Y v vit cu hnh electron ca hai nguyn t? b) Tnh C% ca dung dch M? Cu 46: Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dung dch 50% ca Y phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? Cu 47: Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht. - X v Y u c s p = s n trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2?

BI TP NNG CAO

Bi 1. Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht. - X v Y u c s proton = s ntron trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2? Bi 2. Khi lng nguyn t ca B bng 10,81. B trong t nhin gm hai ng v 10B v 11B. Hi c bao nhiu phn trm 11B trong axit boric H3BO3. Cho H3BO3 = 61,81. Bi 3. Mt hp cht c cng thc MX3. Tng s ht p, n, e ca MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng ba loi ht trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. 1. Xc nh M v X. 2. Vit cu hnh electron ca M v X.

3. Vit phng trnh phn ng to thnh MX3 t cc n cht.

p n: Bi 4. Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n. a. Xc nh M? b. Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. Gi tn X? Tnh C% ca dung dch A? Bi 5. Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8.

a. Vit cu hnh electron ca M2+ v X2-.

b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH? Bi 6. Nguyn t nguyn t X c s electron mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5, t s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. a. Tm s in tch ht nhn, s khi ca X? b. Nguyn t nguyn t R c s n bng 57,143% s p ca X. Khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu c hp cht RX2 c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng R phn ng. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca R v phn ng gia R vi X? Bi 7. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? Bi 8. Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH? Bi 9. Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c dung dch mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ? Bi 10. Ha tan 2,84gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dung dch A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi? Bi 11. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp? Bi 12. Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dung dch H2SO4. Sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hn hp? Bi 13. Cho 2 gam hn hp hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hn hp 2 mui khan. a. Xc nh 2 kim loi? b. Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng? Bi 14. A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch M.

a. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? b. Tnh C% ca dung dch M? Bi 15. Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dung dch 50% ca Y phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? Bi 16. Mt hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hn hp X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra phn ng ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. Bi 17: a) Mt nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh IIIA. Tng s (p, n, e) ca ion dng ca R l 37. Xc nh R v v tr ca R trong bng HTTH. b) C hai nguyn t R v Y c cng chu k v u thuc nhm A. Tng s proton ca R v Y l 28. R v Y to c hp cht vi hidro trong s nguyn t H bng nhau. Khi lng ca nguyn t R nh hn ca Y. Xc nh R v Y. c) Mt hp cht A c to bi ion Y v M3+. Tng s (p, n, e) trong A l 196. Trong A s ht mang in tch nhiu hn s ht khng mang in tch l 60. S ht c in tch trong M t hn s ht c in tch trong Y l 8. Xc nh A. Hon thnh s chuyn ha: A B X M.

Bi 18 : Mt hp cht X c to bi ion M2+ v X. Trong X tng s (p, n, e) l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 40 ht. S khi ca M2+ ln hn s khi ca X l 21. Tng s (p, n, e) ca M2+ gp 2 ln ca X. Xc nh cng thc ca X. Bi 19 : Cho cc nguyn t: X (Z = 11), Y (Z = 19), Z (Z = 13). a) Hy sp xp cc nguyn t trn theo th t tng dn tnh kim loi. Gii thch. b) Trong cc oxit ca 3 nguyn t trn th oxit no c lin kt b phn cc nhiu nht? Bi 20 : Trong t nhin, Clo c 2 ng v l 35Cl v 37Cl c % khi lng tng ng l 75% v 25%. Cu c 2 ng v, trong mt ng v l Cu chim 73%. Cu v Cl to ra hp cht l CuCl2 trong c 47,228% khi lng ca Cu. Xc nh ng v cn li ca Cu. Bi 21: Phn t XY2 c tng s (p, n, e) l 114, trong s ht mang in tch gp 2 ln s ht khng c in tch. S ht mang in tch ca X ch bng 37,5% s ht mang in ca Y. Xc nh cng thc XY2. Bi 22 : A v B l hai nguyn t thuc 2 nhm lin tip v nm trong 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s ht mang in tch trong A v B l 50. A v B khng phn ng c vi nhau. Xc nh A v B. Bi 23: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c phn lp ngoi cng l 4p5. T s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. Tnh Z v s khi ca X. Bi 24 : Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc cng 1 nhm. X l phi kim. Gi A l hp cht gia X v kali. Trong A c 17,62% khi lng X. X v Y to ra c 2 hp cht trong Y chim 40%, 50% khi lng. Xc nh X v Y. Bi 25: M thuc nhm IIIA. X thuc nhm VIA. Trong oxit cao nht th M chim 71,43% khi lng, cn X chim 40% khi lng. Gi A l hp cht c to bi M v X. a) Tnh % khi lng ca M trong A l bao nhiu? b) Lin kt trong A thuc loi lin kt g?

Bi 27: Hai nguyn t A v B thuc 2 nhm A lin tip. Tng s proton trong A v B l 19. Gi X l hp cht to bi A v B.Tng s proton trong X l 70. Xc nh X. Bi 28: A v B l 2 nguyn t trong A c phn lp ngoi cng l 2p2. Gi X l hp cht to bi A v B c phn t lng l 154. Trong hp cht ny c 7,8% khi lng ca A. Xc nh X. Bi 29: Hp cht A c cng thc MX2 trong c 46,67% khi lng ca M (M l kim loi). Trong M: s ntron s proton = 4. Trong X: s proton = s ntron. Tng s (p, n, e) trong A l 116. Xc nh A. T A vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch M. Bi 30 : Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe v Au 200C. Bit khi lng ring ca Fe v Au ln lt l 7,87g/cm3; 19,32g/cm3 vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe hay Au l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng gia cc qu cu. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85 v ca Au l 196,97. Bi 31 : Mt nguyn t M tc dng va vi 0,672 lt kh X (o ktc), to ra 3,1968 gam mui (hao ht 4%). S hiu nguyn t ca M bng 5/3 s khi R. Hp cht Z c 3 nguyn t to bi M v R tc dng vi hp cht HX gii phng mt hp cht hu c T v mui Y. Xc nh M, R, X v v tr ca M, R, X trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 32 : a) A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cc nhm A ca bng h thng tun hon .Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 2 electron lp ngoi cng v hp cht X ca A vi hidro c cha 4,67% hidro. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca A. b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c 7 electron lp ngoi cng. Gi Y l hp cht ca B vi hidro. Bit rng 16,8 gam cht X tc dng va vi 200 g dung dch Y 14,6% thu c kh C v dung dch D. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca B. Tnh nng % ca cht tan trong dung dch D. c) Cho tt c cc kh C thu c qua ng ng bt CuO d un nng. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, sy kh v cn hn hp cn li trong ng ,thy khi lng gim mt m gam so vi khi lng bt CuO ban u. Tnh m bit hiu sut 100%. Bi 32 : Mt nguyn t phi kim R c hai ng v X v Y. Cho kim loi Fe ln lt tc dng vi cc ng v X v Y ta c hai mui X1 v Y1 c t l khi lng phn t l 293/ 299. Bit rng t s s nguyn t X v Y trong R bng 109/91 v tng s s ntron ca X v Y bng 4,5 ln s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t chu k 4 nhm IIA. Mt khc khi cho mui NaR tc dng va vi 40/3 g dung dch AgNO3 25,5% ta thu c 3,7582 g mui ca bc( hiu sut 100%). a) Xc nh tr s ca mi phn t trong X v Y (s p, n, e). b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca R. c) Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 33: Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M+ v ion X2- .Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (n,p,e) l 140 ht , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht . S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 23 ht . Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31 ht. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t M v X; Cu hnh electron ca M+ v X2-. b) Xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng h thng tun hon . Bi 34: X l mt kim loi ha tr 2. Ha tan hon ton 6,082 gam X vo dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). a) Tm khi lng nguyn t v tn nguyn t X.

b) X c 3 ng v. Bit tng s s khi ca 3 ng v l 75. S khi ca ng v th nh bng trung bnh cng s khi ca hai ng v kia. ng v th nht c s proton = s ntron. ng v th ba chim 11,4% s nguyn t v c s ntron nhiu hn ng v th hai l 1 n v. b1) Tm s khi v s ntron ca mi ng v. b2) Tm % v s nguyn t ca hai ng v cn li. c) Mi khi c 100 nguyn t ng v th nh th c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v th nht v th ba. Bi 35: Cho m gam kim loi X tc dng va vi 7,81 gam kh clo thu c 14,05943 gam mui clorua, vi hiu sut 95%. Kim loi X c hai ng v A, B c c im: Tng s cc ht trong hai nguyn t A v B bng 186 ht. Hiu s s ht khng mang in ca A v B bng 2. Nu ta thm 400 nguyn t A vo hn hp c 3600 nguyn t A v B th % v s nguyn t ca B gim 7,3%. Xc nh kim loi X v cc ng v A, B. Tnh m.

MT S BI TP THI OLYMPIC 30 - 4

Bi 1. Hai nguyn t M, X thuc cng mt chu k, u thuc nhm A: - Tng s proton ca M v X l 28. - Hp cht ca M v X vi hidro u c cng s nguyn t hidro trong phn t. Bit khi lng nguyn t ca M nh hn khi lng nguyn t ca X. 1. Hy cho bit trng thi vt l cc hp cht ca M v X vi hidro. 2. Cho bit ha tr cao nht ca M vi oxi l m. Vit cng thc oxit v hidroxit c ha tr cao nht ca M v X, cng thc hp cht to bi hai oxit ny (tt c u vit di dng cng thc tng qut, theo m). 3. Xc nh M v X, bit hp cht Y to bi oxit trn c % khi lng oxi trong phn t l 53,33% v % ca mt trong hai nguyn t (M, X) trong Y l 20%. (Nm 1996) Bi 2. C hai nguyn t A, B thng dng: a) Xc nh k hiu nguyn t v gi tn ca nguyn t A, bit A l mt kim loi c ha tr khng i v to c oxit c 47% oxi theo khi lng trong phn t. b) Xc nh k hiu nguyn t v tn gi ca nguyn t B bit tng s ht (p, n, e) c trong mt ng v bn ca B l 52. c) D on cng thc phn t ca hp cht X gia A v B. Gii thch bn cht ca lin kt gia A v B trong phn t cht X nu m in ca A v B ln lt bng 1,5 v 3,0 ng thi c A v B u t cu hnh bn vng. d) Tnh khi lng phn t c th c ca X theo cc cu to tm c. (Nm 1997) Bi 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht l 180, trong tng cc ht mang in gp 1,432 ln s ht khng mang in.

1. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X. Xc nh chu k, nhm ca X trong bng tun hon. Cho bit tn ca X? 2. D on cc s oxi ha c th c ca X. Dng lng t gii thch. 3. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho cc dng n cht ca X ln lt tc dng vi mi dung dch sau: - Dung dch AgNO3 (dung mi khng phi l nc). - Dung dch KOH. - Dung dch KI. (Nm 1999) Bi 4. Nguyn t A khng phi kh him, nguyn t ca n c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp ngoi cng l 4s. a) Trong hai nguyn t A, B: nguyn t no l kim loi, nguyn t no l phi kim? b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A, B v tn ca A. Cho bit tng s electron c trong phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7. c) Vit cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to cc hidroxit to bi ba nguyn t A, hidro v oxi. So snh tnh axit ca chng theo chiu tng s oxi ha ca A v gii thch kt qu.

(Nm 2000)
Bi 5. Trong hp cht MX3 c: - Tng s ht p, n, e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. - Tng s 3 loi ht ni trn trong X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. Bit cc nguyn t trn l cc ng v bn. 1. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon v cho bit loi lin kt ha hc trong hp cht MX3. 2. Khi ha tan MX3 vo nc trong dung dch thu c c th c nhng ion g? 3. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau y: MX3 B C D D + + + + + Ag2SO4 C C D B + + + A + + B

NaOH KOH H2SO4 HCl

Na2SO4 H2O

Bi 6. Hp cht M c to bi anion Y- v cation Z+. T khi gia Y- : Z+ = 31 :9. A l nguyn t c trong Y- v Z+, c tng cc ht trong nguyn t l 21, t l gia cc ht khng mang in v mang in l 1 :2. 1 :2. Y- do 4 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t to nn, Z+ do 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t to nn. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M. Bi 7. Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca hai nguyn t M v X ln lt l 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp cht MXa, trong phn t ca hp cht c tng s proton ca cc nguyn t bng 77.

a) Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MXa. Bi 8. Mt hp cht c to thnh t cc ion A+ v . Trong phn t A2B2 c tng s ht p, n, e bng 164; trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52. S khi ca A ln hn s khi ca B l 23. Tng s ht p, n, e trong ion A+ nhiu hn trong ion l 7 ht. (dng ch

a) Xc nh cc nguyn t A, B v cng thc phn t A2B2. Vit cu hnh electron ca A+ v v dng phn b vo obitan).

b) Cho hp cht A2B2 tc dng vi nc. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v trnh by phng php ha hc nhn bit sn phm. Bi 9. Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc nhm A. T l gia phn trm nguyn t R trong oxit cao nht v phn trm R trong hp cht kh vi hidro l 0,5955. Cho 4,05 gam mt kim loi M cha r ha tr tc dng ht vi n cht R th thu c 40,05 gam mui. Xc nh tn nguyn t R v M. Bi 9. X v Y l hai phi kim. Trong nguyn t X v Y c s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in ln lt l 14 v 16. Hp cht XYn c c im: - X chim 15,0486% v khi lng. - Tng s ht proton l 100. Tng s ht ntron l 106. a) Hy xc nh s khi v tn nguyn t X, Y. b) Vit cng thc phn t hp cht XYn. c) Vit phng trnh phn ng gia XYn vi P2O5 v vi H2O. Bi 10. Cho 3 nguyn t A, B, D (ZA < ZB < ZD) - A, B cng thuc nhm A hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. - B, D l hai nguyn t k cn nhau trong cng mt chu k. - Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn A, B l 24. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca A, B, D. b) Phn b electron vo cc obitan nguyn t. c) Xc nh s electron c thn trong cc nguyn t A, B, D. Bi 11. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t m electron sau cng l 4s1. T cho bit s hiu nguyn t v s electron ha tr ca chng. Bi 12. Mt hp cht c cng thc AB3: - Tng s ht p, n, e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. - S khi ca B ln hn ca A l 8. - Tng s ht p, n, e trong ion B- nhiu hn trong ion A3+ l 16.

Xc nh hp cht AB3. Bi 13. Cho hai nguyn t X, Y X c 3 lp electron, c s electron c thn ti a. Y c 3 lp electron, c 7 electron ha tr. Vit cu hnh electron v xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong bng tun hon. Bi 14. A v B l hai nguyn t thuc nhm A trong BTH. a) Nguyn t A c 2 electron lp ngoi cng v hp cht X ca A i vi hidro c 4,76% khi lng hidro. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca nguyn t A. b) Nguyn t B c 7 electron lp ngoi cng. Y l hp cht ca B vi hidro. Bit 16,8 gam X tc dng va vi 200 gam dung dch Y 14,6% cho kh C v dung dch D. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca B, tnh nng phn trm cht tan trong dung dch D. Bi 15. Hp cht kh ca X vi O l XOx, c t khi hi so vi cht kh MHy bng 4. Trong XOx phn trm khi lng ca O l 50%, trong MHy phn trm khi lng ca H l 25%. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai cht kh trn.