MT S DNG TON V AMIN V AMINO AXIT Dng 1.

XC NH CTPT AMIN, AMINO AXIT V TNH KHI LNG DA VO PHN NG CHY

a. Phng php gii ton: VI AMIN: Nu amin X thuc loi 1 Amin 2 3 4 5 6 Amin n chc Amin no, n chc, mch h Amin no, n chc, mch h, bc 1 Amin no, a chc, mch h Amin no, n chc, cha mt nhn benzen, gc hirocacbon lin kt vi nhn l gc no

1. Bng: Cng thc tng qut ca mt s amin

CTTQ ca X l CxHyNt (y < 2x+2+t v x,t cng l hay cng chn) CxHyN (y < 2x+3) CnH2n+3N (n > 1, nguyn) CnH2n+1NH2 (n > 1, nguyn) CnH2n+2+tNt CnH2n7 NH2 (n > 6, nguyn)

2. Kinh nghim da vo phn ng chy ca amin xc nh CTPT mt amin X: * X l amin no, n chc chy lun cho: nH2O nCO2 = 1,5namin 6n + 3 o t 2CnH2n+3 N + O2 2nCo2 + (2n + 3)H2O + N2 2+ * X l amin no, hai chc chy lun cho: nH2O nCO2 = 2namin 3n + 2 o t 2CnH2n+4 N2 + O2 nCo2 + (n + 2)H2O + N2 2 * X l amin c t chc amin CxHyNt chy y o t CxHyNt + x + O2 xCO2 + y/2 H2O + t/2N2 4 - C th da vo t l s mol nguyn t C, H, N tm CTPT amin: nC nCO2 nC nCO2 nH 2nH2O
= = =

nH

2nH2O

nN

2nN2

nN

2nN2

** Vi hn hp nhiu amin dn chc no, c cng thc chung Cn H2n+3 N ( Vi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh ca phn ng gc hirocacbon) ta c: 6n+3 o t 2Cn H2n+3N + O2 2nCO2 + (2n + 3) H2O + N2 2

VI AMINO AXIT: 1. Bng cng thc ca mt s loi amino axit thng gp TT CTCT thu gn amino axit Tn thay th 01 H2N-CH2COOH (M= 75vC) t Axit aminoetanoic

Tn bn h thng Axit aminoaxetic (glyxin) Axit amino propionic (alamin) Axit amino iso valeric (valin) Axit i amino caproic (lysinne)

02 CH3-CH-COOH (M= 89vC) Axit2aminopropanoic NH2 03 CH3- CH- CH-COOH (M= 117vC) NH3 NH2 04 HOOC{CH2}2CH -COOH Axit3amino 3 metyl butanoic

Axit2,6i amino NH2 `(M= 147vC) hexanoic (*)Lu : tn trong ngoc n thng l amino axit

2. Kinh nghim xc nh CTPT amino axit R(NH2)a(COOH)b hay CxHyO2Nt da vo phn ng chy: CxHy N zNt + x + O2
to

xCO2 + H2O + N2

Lp t l tm tr s x, y, z, t ri suy ra CTPT amoni axit

x : y : z : t = nC : nH : nO : nN x:y:z:t= : : : x:y:z:t= : : :

(1) (2) (3)

* Lu 1: ng vi CTTQ CxHyOzNt nu cht hu x X l amoni axit th n c th c ng phn l hpcht nitro V d: C4H9O2N c th l H2N(CH2)3COOH hay C4H9NO2 * Lu 2: Nu bi cho t chy hp cht (A) CxHyOzNt trong khng kh th ta c:

NN (thu c) = NN (do A chy sinh ra) + NN (c sn trong khng kh)

2 2 2

Kinh nghim gii nhanh 1) T phng trnh phn ng chy ca CxHyNt : o t xCO2 + H2O + N2 CxHyNt + O2 Ta lun c :

(1)

nO

p/

= nCO + nH O
2 2

2) Khi t chy amin ngoi khng kh, ta lun c:

NN (thu c) = NN (c sn trong khng kh) + NN (do a min chy sinh ra)

2 2 2

Kinh nghim gii nhanh : Mt s dn xut ca amino axit cn lu : 1. Nu bi cho cht hu c X c CTPT C2H7O2N, tc dng c c vi dung dch NaOH c dung dch HCl th X c th l HCOOH3NCH3 hay CH3COONH4 : - HCOOH3NCH3 + NaOH CH3NH2 + HCOONa + H2O - CH3COONH4 + NaOH - HCOOH3NCH3 + HCl - CH3COONH4 + HCl CH3COONa + NH3 + H2O HCOOH + CH3NH3Cl CH3COOH + NH4Cl

(1) (2) (1) (2)

2. Tng t: Nu bi cho cht hu c Y c CTPT C2H8O3N2, u tc

dng c c vi dung dch NaOH th X c th l C2 H5NH3NO3 hay CH3NH2(NO3)CH3. - C2H5 NH3NO3 + NaOH C2H5 NH2 + NaNO3 + H2O - CH3NH2 (NO3)CH3+ NaOH Cho: HCOOH + CH3NH2 Cho: CH3COOH + NH3 CH3NHCH3 + NaNO3 + H2O HCOOH3NCH3 (CTPT: C2H7O2N) CH3COONH4 (CTPT: C2H7O2N)

(3) (3)

Nh vy cng CTPT nhng c th l hai hp cht hu c khc nhau