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GII THIU CHUNG V MNG PSTN

K t khi Alexander Graham Bell pht minh ra in thoi, mng in thoi c nhng bc pht trin nhy vt v ngy cng c m rng. Thut ng k thut cho mng in thoi l Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Ngy nay PSTN kt ni ton th gii, cho php mi ngi lin lc vi nhau bng cch s dng phng tin giao tip n gin v hiu qu ting ni. 1. Khi nim

Mng PSTN (Public Switch telephone Network) l mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng truyn thng da vo k thut chuyn mch knh. N gm tp hp nhiu mng quc gia to thnh mng quc t. Mng PSTN lc u ra i ch s dng cho mc ch truyn thoi bng my in thoi do ng giao tip gia thu bao (TB) v tng i (TD) l tng t v c bng thng 64 Kbps.V ting ni ngi c bng tn t 0-4KHz nn phi ly mu vi tn s 8KHz (tn s NyQuyst), mi mu 8 bit s l 8x8=64Kbps . Trong mng PSTN, kt ni lin lc in thoi dng chuyn mch knh s dng mt ng kt ni vt l gia ngi dng ti hai u ca mng. ng kt ni ny b chim dng v phi c m bo trong sut qu trnh lin lc. V l cht lng cuc gi trn mng PSTN bao gi cng tt hn trn mng internet nhng i li chi ph li t hn rt nhiu, c bit l cc cuc gi quc t. Do c lch s pht trin lu i v khng ngng i mi mng PSTN hin ti vn hot ng tt v cung cp dch v kh tin cy (99,999%) .Hu ht c s h tng hin nay phc v trn 80% cho PSTN. 2. c im

Mng PSTN c mt s c im chnh sau: - Truy nhp analog 300-3400 Hz - Kt ni song cng chuyn mch knh - Bng thng chuyn mch 64kb/s hoc 300-3400Hz i vi chuyn mch analog - Khng c kh nng di ng hoc di ng vi c ly hn ch. 3. Cu trc mng PSTN

 cung cp dch v thoi cho ngi s dng, mng PSTN phi gm 4 thnh phn c bn: Thu bao u cui (The subscriber Terminal) Vng ni b (Local loops ) Tng i (Exchange) Trung k hay Mch lin i (Trunks)

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc mng PSTN Thu bao u cui: Thu bao l thit b kt ni ti mng. Hin nay, hu ht cc thu bao kt ni ti mng PSTN l my in thoi vi bn phm quay s. C hai loi quay s l: + Quay s bng xung (Pulse dialing), vi mi s mt chui xung s c gi n switch. + Quay s bng a tng m kp (Dual Tone Multi Frequency - DTMF dialing), vi mi s c quay s gi i mt s kt hp gia 2 sng sin tng ng. Vng ni b: Vng ni b l tuyn chuyn dng ni gia thu bao v b chuyn mch ca mng, cn c gi l vng thu bao. Hu ht cc kt ni vng ni b s dng cp xon i. Chiu di cc vng ni b t vi km ti vi chc km. Hin nay, loi hnh kt ni cc b v tuyn s dng sng radio (wireless local loops WLLs) ang ngy cng pht trin nh cc u im nh: ci t nhanh, chi ph bo tr thp, tit kim sc ngi v ca ci cho vic o t lp mng Trong tng lai, cp quang s c s dng nhm h tr mt tc truyn cao hn. Hnh 1.2 gii thiu h thng mng k thut s (Digital loop carrier - DLC) ang c s dng hin nay. Cc loi cp in thoi c phn phi n cc h thng DLC, v cc DLC s c kt ni ti b phn chuyn mch k thut s s dng cp bng thng cao.

Hnh 1.2: H thng mng cc b k thut s DLC trong PSTN Tng i (Chuyn mch): Trong PSTN, h thng chuyn mch c t chc phn tng, gm 4 tng nh hnh 1.3. tng thp nht, b chuyn mch c gi l tng i cui (End offices) hay tng i cc b (Local exchanges). pha trn l nhng tng i trung chuyn (tng i cp 4), tng i chnh (cp 3), tng i cp 2, v tng i khu vc (cp 1).

Hnh 1.3: Cu trc phn tng ca h thng chuyn mch. Trung k (Mch lin i): Trung k l cc tuyn gia cc tng i. Trung k ti cng lc nhiu cuc in thoi s dng k thut ghp knh theo tn s FDM hoc theo thi gian TDM. Ty thuc vo tng i ang kt ni m trung k c phn thnh trung k ni ht hay lin tnh.