Vi Tich Phan A1

Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
GIO TRNH MN HC
CHNG TRNH KHNG CHUYN
STT
1
2
3
4
5
MN HC
TN MN HC
M S
THI LNG
CHNGTR
NH
VI TCH PHN A1
IU KIN
TIN
QUYT
M T
MN
HC
Ton ph thong
GHI CH
S tn ch: 05 ( 01 tn ch ng vi 15 tit)
L thuyt: 75 tit
Thc hnh: 0 tit
Tng cng: 75 tit
Vi tch phn A1 c thit k trong nhm kin thc c

bn. Cung cp kin thc i cng v tp hp, quan h v
logic suy lun.
Trang b cho sinh vin su kt qu c bn v Gii tch
ton hc thc s cn thit cho vic tip cn cc mn
chuyn ngnh: Hm s; Gii hn; lin tc; Php tnh vi,
tch phn ca hm mt bin; Kho st s hi t , phn
k ca chui s dng; tnh tng ca chui hm hi t.
Sinh vin tip cn nhng kin thc trn thng qua vic kt
hp bi ging trn lp, t hc v tm hiu thm trong cc
ti liu.
Trang b kin thc ton hc bc u gip sinh vin lm
quen vi mt vi ng dng ton hc trong tin hc v cuc
sng.
IM T
- Hin din trn lp: 10 % im ( Danh sch cc bui tho

lun v bi tp nhm).
Vng ba bui khng c cng im ny.
- Kim tra KQHT: 20 % im ( 2 bi kim tra gia v cui
mn hc:
C ba thang im: 2.0 ( hai chn); 1.0 ( mt trn); 0,0:
(khng chn).
- Kim tra ht mn: 70% im ( Bi thi ht mn)
* Lu : Danh sch cc bui tho lun v hai bi kim tra
Vi tch phn A1
trang 1
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
c hy khi danh sch im thi ht mn c cng b.
Vi tch phn A1
trang 2
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
CU TRC
MN
HC
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
KQHT 1: Xc nh cc kin thc c bn v gii hn dy s v

dy hm mt bin s
KQHT 2: Kho st hm s, tnh gn ng gi tr ca mt biu
thc bng ng dng vi phn.
KQHT 3 : Tnh tch phn i bin, tng phn v ng dng tnh din
tch hnh phng, di cung phng v th tch vt th trn xoay.
KQHT 4: Kho st mt s bi ton v s hi t hay phn k bng
vn dng l thuyt tch phn suy rng loi I, loi II
KQHT 5: Kho st s hi t, phn k ca chui s dng.
KQHT 6: Tnh tng ca chui hm hi t.
* Thc hnh: Lm bi tp trn lp+ Hot ng theo nhm+ Tho
lun
KQHT 1
S tn ti vn
TON PH THNG
KQHT 4
Thc trin vn
Vi tch phn A1
KQHT 2
Phn tch vn
VI TCH PHN A1
KQHT 5
ng dng trong Ton
KQHT 3
Tng hp vn
TON PHC V
CHUYN NGNH
KQHT 6
ng dng trong cuc sng
trang 3
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
KT QU V CC BC HC TP
Kt qu hc tp/
hnh thc nh gi
1. Xc nh cc kin
thc c bn v gii
hn dy s v dy
hm mt bin s.
nh gi:
Bi tp dng l
thut
Dng k hiu logc.
+ t : Trnh by c
chnh xc t nht mt
trong ba nh ngha v
gii c mt v d.
* Gii hn dy s;
* Gii hn hm s;
* Hm mt bin s lin
tc ti mt im.
Cc bc hc tp
1.1 Hy dng k hiu
logic ton hc trnh
by:
+ nh ngha gii hn
dy.
+ nh ngha gii hn
hm.
1.2 Trnh by t nht
hai v d mang tch
cht l thuyt.
1.3 Th no l hm
s s cp lin tc ti
im, trong khong,
on? Kho st tnh
lin tc mt s hm
v d mang tch cht
l thuyt.
1.4. Trnh by cc
khi nim v cc?
2. Kho st hm s v
tnh gn ng gi tr
ca hm mt bin s
bng vi phn.
nh gi : Dng k
thut
+Lp s ch T.
+ t: Hon thnh
c hai trong nm
yu cu:
* Vit ng 9 cng
thc o hm c bn
mang tnh tng qut.
* Vit chnh xc biu
thc vi phn ton
phn hm mt bin.
Vi tch phn A1
2.1 o hm, vi
phn hm mt bin
l g? Ging v khc
nhau ra sao?
2.2 Cng thc c

bn.
Phng tin, ti liu, ni hc v

cch nh gi cho tng bc hc
+ Bng en
+ Kin thc c bn v gii hn
Ph thng Trung hc.
* Ti liu chnh: Vi tch phn
A1
* Cc ti liu tham kho:
+ Nguyn nh Tr; T Ngc t Ton cao cp T2.
+ L vn Ht- i hc kinh t-Ton
cao cp P2.
+ Hc trong phng.
+ Tr li cu hi v bi tp ngn.
+ Bng en
+ Kin thc c bn v gii hn
Ph thng Trung hc.
A1
* Cc ti liu tham kho
cao cp P2.
+ Hc trong phng.
+ Bng, phn
+ Kin thc Ph thng Trung hc.
A1
cao cp P2.
+ Hc trong phng.
+ Bng, phn.
+ Kin thc Ph thng Trung hc
+ Hc trong phng.
trang 4
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
* Vit chnh xc cng

th khai trin TayloreMaclaurence.
* Gii chnh xc c
kim tra li bng my
tnh cm tay mt v d
tnh gn ng gi tr
mt biu thc bng vi
phn cp mt.
* Gii hon chnh mt
v d: kho st hm s.
2.3 ng dng.
+ Kho st hm s.
+ Thit lp phng
trnh tip tuyn.
+ Tnh gn ng gi
tr mt biu thc.
* Bng vi phn cp 1.
* Bng khai trin
TayloreMaclaurence
+ Bng, phn.
+ Kin thc Ph thng Trung hc
A1
cao cp P2.
+ Hc trong phng.
3. Tnh tch phn i

bin, tng phn v
ng dng tnh din
tch hnh phng,
di cung phng v th
tch vt th trn xoay
nh gi:
Cu hi ngn
t:
* Tr li c: Ti
sao tch phn i bin
v tch phn tng
phn l hai tch phn
thng dng?
* Gii ng t nht
mt v d ng dng
cng thc tnh: din
tch hnh phng,
di cung phng v th
tch vt th trn xoay.
3.1 nh ngha tch

phn hm mt bin?
Nu li cc cng
thc tnh:
+ Din tch hnh
phng.
+ di cung phng.
+ Th tch vt th
trn xoay.
+ Giy A4, A0, vit lng, bng keo

A1
+ L Phng Qun -Vi tch phn
A1 i hc Cn th.
+ Nhm cc tc gi- Bi tp Gii
tch- i hc Cn th.
+ Hc trong phng
+ Giy A4, A0, vit lng, bng keo.
A1
+ Nhm cc tc gi - Bi tp Gii
tch- i hc Cn th.
+ Nguyn Vit ng -Trn Ngc
Hi- Ton cao cp C1 i hc m
bn cng TP H Ch Minh.
+ L vn Ht- Ton cao cp P2
i hc kinh t.
+ Hc trong phng
Vi tch phn A1
3.2 C bao nhiu pp

tnh tch phn hm
mt bin? Pp no l
hiu hiu qu nht?
Ti sao?
3.3 Bi tp ng dng.
trang 5
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
4. Kho st mt s
bi ton v s hi t
hay phn k bng
vn dng l thuyt
tch phn suy rng
loi I, loi II
nh gi :
Cu hi ngn
Bi tp thc hnh
dng vit
t: Tr li ng hai
trong bn vn sau:
* Trong hai loi tch
phn suy rng loi I
v loi II tch phn
no d kho st? Ti
sao?
* Trng hp no s
dng cng thc gn
ng kho st s
ht t hay phn k ca
tch phn suy rng?
* Vit chnh xc t
nht hai tiu chun
xt s hi t hay phn
k ca tch phn?
* Xt ng t nht
mt v d s hi t hay
phn k ca tch phn
suy rng?
5. Kho st s hi t,
phn k ca chui s
dng.
nh gi :
Cu hi ngn
Bi tp gii theo
nhm.
t: Gii thch ng
Vi tch phn A1
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
4.1 Trnh by nh
ngha tch phn suy
rng lai I; loi II ?
Cc loi tch phn ny
ging v khc tch
phn chng trnh
ph thng nhng
im no?
+ Bng, phn.
A1
+ Vi tch phn A1 L Phng
Qun-i hc Cn th
+ Hc trong phng
4.2 Nu cc tiu
chun xt s hi
t v phn k ca
tch phn suy rng?
Ti sao tch phn
+ Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

A1
b
tch- i hc Cn th.
a + f ( x)d ( x)
+ Nguyn Vit ng -Trn Ngc
Hi- Ton cao cp B v C i hc
cn trn b v cn m bn cng TP H Ch Minh.
di l a + ?
+ Hc trong phng
4.3 p dng xt s
t v phn k ca s
v d tch phn suy
rng.

A1
tch- i hc Cn th.
+ Nguyn nh Tr-Ton Cao cp
T 2.
+ Hc trong phng.
5.1 Th no l mt
mt chui s? Chui
hm? Chui an
du? Chui ly
tha?
+ Bng, phn, Giy A0, vit lng,

bng keo.
+ Kin thc v chui s, chui
hm.
A1
+ Hc trong phng.
+ Tr li cu hi ngn.
trang 6
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
ba yu cu:
* S hi t hay
phn k ca chui s
dng
* Chui hm hi t,
phn k, hi tuyt i
hay bn hi t?
* Xt ng t nht hai
v d v s hi t hay
phn k ca chui?
6. Tnh tng ca mt
chui hm hi t.
nh gi :
Cu hi ngn
Bi tp thc hnh
gii theo nhm:
*Yu cu: Gii ng
bi ton: Tm min
hi t v bn knh hi
t t suy tng ca
chng
t:
* Lp lun chnh xc
* ng thi gian theo
qui nh ca GV ra .
* C s hp tc cc
thnh vin trong nhm.
Vi tch phn A1
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
5.2 Trnh by cc tiu + Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

chun v s hi, * Ti liu chnh: Vi tch phn A1
phn k ca chui? * Cc ti liu tham kho:
+ L Phng Qun - Vi tch phn
A1
- i hc Cn th.
+ Hc trong phng.
5.3 ng dng: Xt s
hi t, phn k ca
mt vi chui s
dng?

* Ti liu chnh: Vi tch phn A1
tch- i hc Cn th.
+ Nguyn nh Tr-Ton Cao cp
T 2.
+ Ton cao cp B v C Nguyn
Vit ng -Trn Ngc Hi- i
hc m bn cng TP H Ch Minh.
6.1 Th no l chui
ly tha? Ngi ta
thng
kho
st
chui hm c tm
hay
chui
hm
khng c tm?

* Ti liu chnh: Vi tch phn A1
+ L Phng Qun-Vi tch phn A1
i hc Cn th.
+ Trn Ngc Lin -Vi tch phn A1
i hc Cn th.
+ L vn Ht- Ton cao cp P2
i hc kinh t.
+ Hc trong phng.
trang 7
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

A1
+ Bi tp Gii tch- Nhm cc tc
gi - i hc Cn th.
+ Ton Cao cp T2-Nguyn nh
Tr.
+ Ton cao cp C1 Nguyn Vit
ng -Trn Ngc Hi- i hc m
bn cng TP H Ch Minh.
+ Ton cao cp P2- L Vn Hti hc kinh t TP HCM.
+ Hc trong phng.
* ng kt qu.
6.2 Trnh by cc
bc gii bi ton
tm min hi t?
6.3 Trnh by cc
bc gii bi ton
tnh tng ca mt
chui hm hi t?
K HOCH NH GI MN HC
Kt qu
hc tp
Thi
lng
ging dy
1.
11,0
2.
11,0
3.
9,0
4.
11,5
5.
9,0
6.
8,5
Hnh thc nh gi
Mc yu
cu t c
Gii
tp
Gii
tp
Gii
tp
Gii
tp
Gii
tp
Gii
tp
Vit
c bi
c bi
c bi
c bi
c bi
c bi
Thao
tc
Bi
tp v
nh
Thc
tp
thc
t
ti
T
hc
NH GI CUI MN HC
Vi tch phn A1
trang 8
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
HNH THC
Thi ( t lun) .
THI GIAN
90 pht.
NI DUNG
NH
GI
Trng tm:
Vi tch phn A1
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
- Cc bi ton tnh gii hn; Xt tnh lin tc; gin on

ca dy s v dy hm mt bin s.
- Cc bi ton v kho st hm s; tip tuyn; vi phn ton
phn v ng dng vi phn tnh gn ng.
- Cc khai trin TayLor v Maclaurance.
- Cc bi ton v tch phn c bit: tch phn dng
phng php i bin s v tch phn tng phn.
- Cc bi tp v din tch hnh phng; di cung phng
v th tch vt th trn xoay.
- Xt s hi t v phn k ca tch phn suy rng loi I v
loi II.
- S hi t hay phn k ca chui s dng
- Chui hm hi t, phn k, hi tuyt i hay bn hi t
- Tm min hi t v bn knh hi t t suy tng ca
chng.
trang 9
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
NI DUNG CHI TIT MN HC

KQHT 1: Xc nh cc kin thc c bn v gii hn dy s v dy
hm mt bin s
Lim f ( x) = ? hu hn
x x0
Lim
im n 1: Xt cc BT gii hn dng
f ( x)
= ? v hn
g ( x)
Lim U ( x) V ( x ) = ?
x ?
Lim f ( x) = f ( x 0 ) nh ngha
x x0
* im n 2: Xt cc BT lin tc
Tm tham s hm s lin
tc, gin on ti im.
BC HC 1: Trnh by cc kin thc b sung v cc trng s

Bi hng dn
CC TRNG S
I. TP CC S:
Tp s t nhin: N = {1; 2;...}
Tp s nguyn: Z = {0; 1; 2;...}
Tp s hu t: Q = x sao cho x =
p
; p, q Z , q 0
q
Mt s hu t bao gi cng vit c di dng mt s thp phn hu hn hay

s thp phn v hn tun hon.
V d 1:
1
3
= 0,25 ;
= 0,75.
4
4
7
7
= 1,1666... ta c th vit
= 1,1(6)
6
6
15
15
= 1,363636... hay
= 1, (36)
11
11
Ngc li, cho mt s thp phn hu hn hay v hn tun hon th n s biu

din mt s hu t no .
S thp phn hu hn a0,a1a2an s biu th s hu t
a
a
a
p
= a 0 + 1 + 22 + L + nn
q
10 10
10
S thp phn v hn tun hon a0,a1,a2an (b1b2bm) s biu th s hu t

a
b
a
a
10 m n b1 b2
p
( + 2 + L + mm )
= a 0 + 1 + 22 + L + nn + m
10 10
q
10
10 1 10 10
10
Vi tch phn A1
trang 10
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Nhn xt:
Mt s thp phn hu hn cng c th c xem l s thp phn v hn tun
hon, chng hn:
1
= 0,25000... hay
4
1
= 0,25(0)
4
Nh vy c s ng nht gia tp s hu t v tp cc s thp phn v hn tun

hon.
nh ngha 1
Mt s biu din c di dng mt s thp phn v hn khng tun hon
c gi l s v t. Tp cc s v t k hiu l: I
V d 2
2 = 1,414213562...
; Tp s thc R = Q I
= 3,141592653...
ng thng thc ( trc s ): Trn ng thng ly im O lm gc v chn

vect n v OE = e . s x l s thc khi v ch khi tn ti duy nht mt im M thuc
ng thng sao cho OE = xe . Khi im M c gi l im biu din hnh hc
ca s thc x trn ng thng v ng thng c gi l ng thng thc hay
trc s.
0
1
x
O E
M
Hnh 1.1
II S PHC
S phc l s c dng: z = a + ib. Trong a, b R, i l n v o vi i2 = - 1.
Ta k hiu: a = Rez gi l phn thc; b = Imz gi l phn o. C l tp hp tt
c cc s phc.
S phc z = a + ib c th biu din hnh hc l mt im M(a; b) trn mt
phng Oxy.
S phc z = a ib oc gi l s phc lin hp ca s phc z = a + ib, hai s
phc lin hp i xng nhau qua Ox.
Php ton:
Cho 2 s phc z1 = a1 + ib1; z2 = a2 + ib2,
khi ta c:
z1 z 2 = (a1 + a 2 ) + i (b1 + b2 )
z1 .z 2 = (a1 a 2 b1b2 ) + i (a1b2 + a 2 b1 )

z1 a1 a 2 + b1b2
b a a1b2
;
=
+ i 1 22
2
2
z2
a 2 + b2
a 2 + b22
Re z1 = Re z 2
z1 = z 2
Im z1 = Im z 2
M(a; b)
z = a + ib
r
(z 2 0)
-b
z = a ib
H 1.2
Ch : Ta thc hin cc php ton theo quy tc chung thun tin hn.
V d 3: (1 3i) + (- 2 + 7i) = - 1 + 4i
( 1 i)(2 + i) = 2 + i 2i i2 = 3 i
1
4i
4i
=
=
4 + i (4 + i )(4 i ) 17
Vi tch phn A1
trang 11
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Dng lng gic ca s phc

Ta biu din s phc z = a + ib bi vect OM , gi r = OM = a 2 + b 2 l moun
ca s phuc z, k hiu: z .
Gc = Ox, OM c xc nh sai khc nhau 2k ; k Z gi l argumen,

b
.
a
T ngha hnh hc, ta c a = r cos ; b = r sin z = r (cos + i sin ) .
K hiu: Argz. Ta c tg =
V d 4: Biu din s phc z = 1 + i di dng lng gic.

Gii
Ta c: r = 12 + 12 = 2 , tg = 1 = z = 2 cos + i sin .
4
Cho
cc
phc
z = r (cos + i sin ); z1 = r1 (cos 1 + i sin 1 ); z 2 = r2 (cos 2 + i sin 2 ) .
z1 .z 2 = r1 .z 2 [cos(1 + 2 ) + i sin (1 + 2 )] z1 .z 2 = z1 z 2 ; Arg (z1 .z 2 ) = Argz1 + Argz 2 + 2k

z1 r1
= [cos(1 2 ) + i sin (1 2 )]
z 2 r2
z1
z
z1
=
; Arg 1 = Argz1 Argz 2 + 2k
z2
z2
z2
z n = r n [cos n + i sin n ] z n = z ; Arg (z n ) = nArgz + 2k

n
z = u un = z
Biu din u di dng u = (cos + i sin ) .

Ta c:
u n = z n (cos n + i sin n ) = r (cos + i sin )
= n r
n = r
+ k 2
; k = 0; n 1
n = + k 2
=
n
+ k 2
+ k 2
u = n r cos
+ i sin
; k = 0; n 1
n
n
V d 5: Tnh 1/ A = (1 + i )20 .
2/ u = 4 1 + i
Gii
1/ Ta c: A = 2 cos
+ i sin
10
10
A = 2 (cos 5 + i sin 5 ) = 2 .
4
2/
z2 = 4
+ k 2
2 cos 4
+ i sin
4
+ k 2
4
8
+ k 8
+ k 8
= 2 cos
+ i sin
; k = 0; 3
16
16
u = 4 1 + i c 4 gi tr:
u 0 = 8 2 cos + i sin
16
16
17
17
+ i sin
u 2 = 8 2 cos
16
16
Vi tch phn A1
9
9
+ i sin
u1 = 8 2 cos
16
16
trang 12
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
25
25
+ i sin
u 3 = 8 2 cos
16
16
III. KHONG - LN CN.

nh ngha 2: Khong l tp hp cc s thc ( hay cc im ) nm gia hai s
thc ( hay hai im ) no .
Phn loi khong:
Khong hu hn:
Khong ng: [a, b] = {x R \ a x b}
Khong m: (a, b ) = {x R \ a < x < b}
Khong na ng, na m: (a, b] = {x R \ a < x b}
[a, b ) = {x R \ a x < b}
Khong v hn:
( , a ) = {x R \ x < a}; ( , a ] = {x R \ x a}
(b, + ) = {x R \ x > b}; [b, + ) = {x R \ x b}
nh ngha 3
Gi s a l mt s thc, khong m (a - , a + ) (vi > 0) c gi l ln
cn bn knh ca a.
(
)
a
a +
a -
Hnh 1.3
Cu hi cng c:
Hy dng ging Vence biu din cc trng s m bn hc?
BC HC 2: Trnh by cc nh ngha v gii hn dy s.

Bi hng dn
HM S - GII HN LIN TC
* HM S
I. HM S.
1. nh ngha 1:
Cho X R , mt hm s f xc nh trn X l mt quy tc sao cho ng vi mi
gi tr ca bin x thuc X c duy nht mt gi tr thc ca bin y . K hiu y = f(x)
x c gi l bin c lp, y c gi l bin ph thuc.
X c gi l min xc nh ca hm s, k hiu l Df .
Tp Y = {y R \ y = f ( x), x D f } c gi l min gi tr ca hm s, k
hiu Rf
V d 1:
Khi nui mt con b, quan st qu trnh tng trng ca b ta c mi lin h gia
thi gian nui t (ngy) v trng lng m (kg) ca con b l mt hm s m = m(t).
2. nh ngha 2:
th ca hm s y = f(x) l tp hp cc im M( x, f(x)) trong h to
Descartes.
G = {M ( x, f ( x), x D}
3. Cc tnh cht
Vi tch phn A1
trang 13
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
a. Hm s n iu
nh ngha 3:
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l tng ( hay tng nghim ngt ) trn tp E Df , nu
vi mi x1, x2 E , x1 < x2 th f(x1) f(x2) ( hay f(x1) < f(x2).
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l gim ( hay gim nghim ngt ) trn tp E Df ,
nu vi mi x1, x2 E , x1 < x2 th f(x1) f(x2) ( hay f(x1) > f(x2).
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l hm s n iu ( hay n iu nghim ngt)
trn E Df nu n tng hoc gim ( hay tng nghim ngt hoc gim nghim ngt )
trn E.
Nu ta s dng thut ng trn m khng nhc n tp E th coi nh E = Df .
V d 2:
Hm s y = f(x) = x2 gim nghim ngt trn (- , 0] v tng nghim ngt trn[0,
+ ).
Tht vy, gi s x1, x2 [0, + ) v x1 < x2 . Khi ta c
f(x1) f(x2) = x12 x22 = ( x1 x2 )( x1 + x2 ) < 0 f(x1) < f(x2)
Vy hm s y = x2 tng nghim ngt trn [0, + ) .
Chng minh tng t ta c hm s y = x2 gim nghim ngt trn (- , 0] .
b. Hm s chn v hm s l.
nh ngha 4: Tp X c gi l tp i xng qua gc to O nu vi bt k
x X th x X. Ngi ta thng gi tt l tp i xng.
nh ngha 5: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn tp i xng X, khi ta c:
Hm s y = f(x) l hm s chn nu vi mi x thuc X th f(-x) = f(x).
Hm s y = f(x) l hm s l nu vi mi x thuc X th f(-x) = - f(x).
V d 3:
1. Hm s f(x) = x2 l hm s chn trn R.
2. Hm s g(x) = x3 l hm s l trn R.
Tht vy, vi mi x R , ta c:
f(-x) = (- x)2 = x2 = f(x)
g(-x) = (- x)3 = - x3 = - f(x)
Ch : th ca hm s chn i xng qua trc tung, th ca hm s l
i xng qua gc to .
c. Hm s b chn.
nh ngha 6:
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l b chn di trn tp X Df nu tn ti s a R
sao cho f(x) a x X.
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l b chn trn trn tp X Df nu tn ti s b R
sao cho f(x) b x X.
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l b chn trn tp X Df nu n va b chn trn
va b chn di, tc l tn ti hai s a, b R sao cho a f(x) b x X.
Ch :
th ca hm s b chn s nm gia hai ng thng y = a v y = b.
4
b chn trn tp X= [1, + ).
x
4
4
Tht vy, vi mi x X ta lun c: f(x) = > 0 v f(x) = < 4
x
x
4
Vy hm s f(x) = b chn trn tp X= [1, + ).
x
V d 4: Hm s f(x) =
Vi tch phn A1
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
d. Hm s tun hon.
nh ngha 7:
Hm s y = f(x) c gi l hm s tun hon nu tn ti s t 0 sao cho vi
mi x Df ta lun c x t Df v f(x + t) = f(x).
S dng T nh nht (nu c) trong cc s t ni trn c gi l chu k ca
hm s tun hon.
V d 5:
1. Cc hm s y = sinx v y = cosx tun hon vi chu k T = 2 .
2. Cc hm s y = tgx v y = cotgx tun hon vi chu k T = .
2
.
3. Cc hm s y = sin(ax + b) v y = cos(ax + b) tun hon vi chu k T =
a
Tht vy, xt hm s f(x) = sin(ax + b).

Gi tn ti s t 0 sao cho f( x + t) = f(x) x R
sin[a(x + t) + b] = sin(ax + b) x R
sin[a(x + t) + b] - sin(ax + b) = 0 x R
2cos(ax +
sin
at
at
+ b)sin = 0 x R
2
2
at
=0
2
at
= k , k Z\{0}
2
2k
t=
, k Z\{0}
a
S T dng nh nht ng vi k = 1 ( hoc k = -1), do ta c T =
2
l chu k
a
ca hm s f(x) = sin(ax + b).

Cc hm s cn li chng minh tng t. ( coi nh bi tp)
e. Hm s hp v hm s ngc.
nh ngha 8:
Cho hai hm s f(x) v g(x) tho Rf Dg , khi hm s hp ca f(x) v g(x) l
hm s h(x) c xc nh h(x) = g[f(x)] vi mi x Df .
K hiu h = g o f .
V d 6: Cho hai hm s f(x) = x2 v g(x) = 2x . Hy xc nh hm s g o f v f o g.
x2
g o f = g[f(x)] = g(x2) = 2
f o g = f[g(x)] = f(2x) = (2x)2 = 22x
nh ngha 9:
Cho hm s y = f(x) tho: vi mi x1, x2 Df v x1 x2 ta lun c f(x1) f(x2).
Khi hm s ngc ca hm s f, k hiu f 1 c xc inh bi: x = f 1(y)
Gii
vi y = f(x). V du 7: Ham so y = x3 co ham ngc la y = x .

Ch :
1. Nu g l hm ngc ca hm f th Dg = Rf v Rg = Df .
2. th ca hai hm s ngc nhau i xng qua ng thng y = x.
3. ieu kien e ham y = f(x) co ham ngc la ham f phai n ieu
trong mien xac nh cua no
3
Vi tch phn A1
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f. Hm s s cp.
nh ngha 10: Cc hm s s cp c bn l cc hm s :
Hm s lu tha: y = x ( R).
Hm s m: y = ax ( 0 < a 1 )
Hm s logarithm: y = logax ( 0 < a 1 )
Cc hm s lng gic: y = sinx , y = cosx , y = tgx , y = cotgx
Cc hm lng gic ngc: y = arcsinx , y = arccosx , y = arctgx , y =
arccotgx

i. y = arcsinx:y = sinx l hm tng nghim ngt trn [
; ] nn n c hm ngc: x
2
= arcsiny.
Hm ngc ca y = sinx (
th ca hm y = sinx (
x ) l y = arcsinx, th ca n i xng vi
2
2
x ) qua ng thng y = x.
2
2
ii. y = arccosx:
y = cosx l hm gim nghim ngt trn [0; ] nn n c hm ngc x = arccosy.

Hm ngc ca hm y = cosx (0 x ) l y = arccosx, th ca n i xng vi
th ca hm s y = cosx (0 x ) qua ng thng y = x.

iii. y = arctgx: y = tgx l hm tng nghim ngt trn (
; ) nn n c hm ngc:
2
x = arctgy.
Hm ngc ca hm y = tgx (
th ca hm y = tgx (
< x < ) l y = arctgx, th ca n i xng vi

2
2
x ) qua ng thng y = x.
2
2
y = arccotgx: y = cotgx gim nghim ngt trn (0,) nn n c hm

ngc x = arccotgy. Hm ngc ca hm y = cotgx (0 < x < ) l y = arccotgx, th
ca n i xng vi th ca y = cotgx (0 < x < ) qua ng thng y = x .
nh ngha 11: Hm s s cp l nhng hm s c to thnh bi mt s
hu hn cc php ton i s thng thng ( cng, tr, nhn, chia vi mu khc
khng) v php ly hm hp t nhng hm s s cp c bn v cc hng s.
iv.
y = cos 4 x + sin( x +
V d 8:
)+3
y = 2x + x 4 + 2
y = 5 x 2 lg 3 x + 1
II. GII HN CA DY S
+ Cc nh ngha
nh ngha 1
Cho hm s f xc nh trn tp N = {1, 2, 3., n}, khi cc gi tr ca hm f
ng vi n = 1, 2, 3, . lp thnh mt dy s: f(1), f(2), f(3),., f(n) . Nu ta t xn =
f(n) (n = 1, 2, 3.) th dy s ni trn c vit thnh: x1, x2, x3, ., xn. hay vit gn
{xn}. Mi s x1, x2, x3, . c gi l s hng ca dy s {xn}, xn gi l s hng tng
qut.
V d 1:
Vi tch phn A1
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a. {xn}, vi xn = a n: a, a, a.
b. {xn}, vi xn = (-1)n : -1, 1, -1, 1, , (-1)n
nh ngha 2:
S a c gi l gii hn ca dy s {xn} nu > 0 cho trc (b ty ), tn
ti s t nhin N sao cho: n > N th xn a < .
K hiu: lim x n = a hay xn a khi n .

n
nh ngha 3:
- Nu dy {xn} c gii hn l mt s hu hn a th ta ni dy s {xn} hi t hay
hi t v a.
- Nu dy {xn} khng hi t th ta ni dy s{xn} phn k.
n
=1
n
1
+
n
V d 2: Chng minh rng lim x n = lim

n
Gii.
Vi mi
> 0, ta xt x n 1 = n 1 = 1 < n > 1 1

n +1
n +1
Vy > 0 (b ty ), N = [ -1]sao cho n > N
n
=1
n
n +1
n
1 <
n +1
Vy lim xn = lim
n
nh ngha 4:
Dy s {xn} c gi l dy s dn ti khi n nu M > 0, ln ty ,
Nsao cho n > N th x n > M .
K hiu: lim x n = hay xn khi n .
n
V d 3: Chng minh rng lim x n = lim 5 n =

n
n
Gii:
= 5n = 5n > M n > log M

5
M > 0 , ln ty : N = [log M ] : n > N 5n > M
5
Xt x
Vy: lim 5 n =
n
+ Cc tnh cht.
1. Nu dy s {xn} c gii hn th gii hn l duy nht.
2. Nu dy s {xn} c lim x n = a v a > p (hay a < q) th tn ti s dng N
n
sao cho n > N x n > p (hay xn < q).

3. Nu dy {xn } c gii hn th n b chn, tc l tn ti s M > 0 sao cho
x n M, n .
4. Gi s {xn}, {yn} l nhng dy s c gii hn th:
- Nu xn = yn th lim x = lim y
n
Vi tch phn A1
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- Nu xn yn th lim x lim y
n
5. Cho ba dy s {xn}, {yn}, {zn} tho xn yn zn n. Khi , nu

lim x n = lim z n = a th lim y n = a .
6. Gi s {xn}, {yn} l cc dy s hi t, khi ta c :

Dy s {xn yn} cng hi t v lim (x n y n ) = lim x n lim y n .
n
n
n
Dy s {xn . yn} cng hi t v lim x .y = lim x n . lim y n .
n
n n
Dy s {xn . yn} cng hi t v lim x .y = lim x n . lim y n .

n n n
n
Dy s {k xn} cng hi t v lim kx
n
x .
n = k nlim
n
x
lim x n
x
Dy s n cng hi t v lim n = n
( lim y n 0 )
n
n y
y
n
n nlim
y n
Cu hi cng c:
Dng k hiu logc Ton hc trnh by nh ngha gii hn dy s?
Vi tch phn A1
trang 18
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BC HC 3: Trnh by cc vn v gii hn hm.
GII HN HM
Bi hng dn:
I. GII HN HM CA HM S
a. Cc nh ngha.
Trong phn ny ta lun gi s f(x) l hm s c xc nh trong ln cn
im x0, khng nht thit phi xc nh ti x0.
nh ngha 1:
Ta ni hm s f(x) c gii hn l L nu vi mi dy s {xn} trong ln
cn ca x0 tho: x n x0 n v lim x n = x th lim f(x n ) = L .
0
K hiu: lim f(x) = L hay f(x) L khi x x0.

xx
nh ngha 2:
S L c gi l gii hn ca hm s f(x) khi x x0 nu vi mi > 0
cho trc ( b ty ) tn ti s dng sao cho vi mi x tho 0 < x x
f(x) L < .
< ta c
nh ngha 3: S L c gi l gii hn phi ( tri ) ca hm s f(x) khi x x0 nu

vi mi > 0 cho trc ( b ty ) tn ti s dng sao cho vi mi x tho
x < x < x + ( x < x < x ) ta c f(x) L < .
0
0
0
K hiu: lim f(x) = L ( lim f(x) = L ).
xx
+
0
xx
nh ngha 4:
S L c gi l gii hn ca hm s f(x) khi x nu vi mi > 0 (b
ty ) tn ti s M > 0 (ln ty ) sao cho vi mi x tho x > M ta c
f(x) L < .
K hiu: lim f(x) = L hay f(x) L khi x .
x
V d 1:
1. Chng minh: lim sin x = 0 .
x0
x2 9
2. Chng minh: lim
= 6.
x 3 x 3
3. Chng minh: lim
Gii:
x x
= 0.
sinx < x < > 0, b ty :

2
= > 0 : 0 < x 0 = x < sinx 0 = sinx x <
Vy lim sin x = 0
1. V x 0 ta c th ch rt: x <
x0
Vi tch phn A1
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
x2 9
2. Khi x 3 x 3 0 ta c:
x 3
> 0, > : 0 < x 3 <
6 = (x + 3) 6 = x 3 <
x2 9
x 3
x2 9
=6
x
3
x3
1
1 1
1
3. Xt:
0 = = < x > ,
x
x x
1
1
M = > 0 : x > M 0 < .
x
1
Vy lim = 0
x x
6 < .
Vy: lim
vi mi
> 0 (b ty )
b. Cc tnh cht.
Da vo gii hn ca dy s, nh ngha gii hn ca hm s, ta suy ra cc
tnh cht sau:
1. Nu f(x) c gii hn th gii hn l duy nht.
e) Nu hm s f(x) c gii hn l L khi xx0 v L > a (hay L < a ) th trong
mt ln cn no ca x0 (khng k x0) ta c f(x) > a (hay f(x)<a ).
2. Nu f(x) g(x) trong mt ln cn no ca im x0 v
lim f(x) = a , lim g(x) = b th b a.
xx
xx
3. Nu f(x) = C ( C l hng s) th lim f(x) = lim f(x) = C .

xx
e) Nu f(x) l mt hm s s cp xc nh ti im x0 v trong ln cn x0 th
lim f(x) = f(x ) .
xx
4. Gi s f(x), g(x) v h(x) l nhng hm s c xc nh trong mt ln cn

no ca im x0, khng nht thit xc nh ti x0. Khi , nu cc hm s f(x), g(x)
v h(x) tha mn iu kin : g(x) f(x) h(x) v
lim g(x) = lim h(x) = L th lim f(x) = L .
xx
xx
xx
5. - Gi s hm s f(x) xc nh ti mi x dng ln tu , khi nu hm f(x)

l hm s n iu tng v b chn trn th f(x) c gii hn khi x +
6. - Gi s hm s f(x) xc nh ti mi x m ln tu v gi tr tuyt, khi
nu hm f(x) l hm s n iu gim v b chn di th f(x) c gii hn khi x - .
f ( x) = L lim f(x) = L = lim f(x) = L .

7. xlim
x
0
xx
+
0
xx
8. Nu cc hm s f(x) v g(x) c gii hn khi xx0 th cc hm [f(x) g(x)],

f(x).g(x),
f(x)
cng c gii hn v ta c:
g(x)
lim [f(x) g(x)] = lim f(x) lim g(x).

Vi tch phn A1
trang 20
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
lim [f(x).g(x)] = lim f(x).lim g(x).

f(x) limf(x)
lim
=
; lim g ( x) 0
g(x) limg(x) x x
0
9. Xt hm hp f(u) v u = u(x) , khi ta c:
lim u ( x) = u 0 , f(u) xc nh trong mt ln cn ca u0 v
Nu
x x0
lim f (u ) = L
u u0
f [u ( x)] = L .
th xlim
x
0
V d 2: Tnh: lim
2 x (x 2 + 3x 5)
x2
Gii
t f (u ) = u ; u(x) = 2 (x + 3x 5), ta c
lim u ( x) = lim 2 x ( x 2 + 3x 5) = 20
x
x2
x2
lim f (u ) = lim
u 20
u = 20 = 2 5
u 20
Vy lim
2 x (x 2 + 3x 5) = 2 5
x2
c. Cc gii hn c bn.
sin x
lim
=1.
x 0 x
ln(1 + x)
= 1.
lim
x0
x
ax 1
ex 1 .
.
t
bit
lim
= ln a
=1
lim
x 0
x 0
x
x
(1 + x) 1
= 1.
x 0
x
1
1
lim (1 + x) x = e hay lim (1 + ) x = e .
x
x 0
x
Ch : Khi tnh gii hn ca hm s chng ta thng gp cc dng v nh
lim
nh :
0
, , , 1 . sau y l mt vi v d minh ho.
0
V du 3:
1. Tnh: lim
x 0
1 + x + x2 1 .
x
x 2 7x + 6
2. Tnh: lim
.
x1 2
x 3x + 2
Vi tch phn A1
trang 21
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
3. Tnh: lim
x 0
4. Tnh: lim
x 0
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
tgx
.
x
1 cos x
.
x2
x+ x .
x +1
5. Tnh: lim
x+
6. Tnh: lim ( x + x x ) .
x+
7.Tnh: lim (1 + sin x) 2 x .
x0
Gii:
1 + x + x2 1
( 1 + x + x 2 1)( 1 + x + x 2 + 1)
= lim
x 0
x
x( 1 + x + x 2 + 1)
1) lim
x 0
x2 + x
1+ x
1
= lim
=
x 0
x 0
x( 1 + x + x 2 + 1)
1 + x + x2 + 1 2
(x 1)(x 6)
x6
x 2 7x + 6
2) lim
= lim
= lim
=5
x1 2
x1 (x 1)(x 2) x1 x 2
x 3x + 2
= lim
3) lim
x0
tgx
sin x
sin x
1
= lim
= lim
. lim
= 1 .1 = 1
x 0 x. cos x
x0
x
x x 0 cos x
4) lim
x 0
5) lim
1 cos x
= lim
x 0
x2
x+
x
x
sin
2 = lim (
2 ) 2 . 1 = 1.
x 0
x
2
x2
2
2 sin 2
x+ x
= lim
x + 1 x+
1
x
= 1.
1
1+
x
1+
6) lim ( x + x x ) = lim
x+
x+
x
x+ x + x
1
7) lim (1 + sin x ) 2 x = lim [(1 + sin x ) sin x ]

x0
x0
= lim
sin x
2x
x+
1
1
= .
1
2
1+
+1
x
= e2 = e .
Cu hi cng c:
Dng k hiu logc Ton hc trnh by nh ngha gii hn dy hm?
Vi tch phn A1
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QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
BC HC 4: Trnh by cc khi nim v v cc v s lin tc ca hm s.

Bi hng dn:
V CNG B V V CNG LN
a. Cc nh ngha
nh ngha 1
Hm f(x) c gi l v cng b( hay v cng ln) khi x x0 nu
lim f ( x ) = 0 ( hay lim f ( x ) = + ) . ( y x0 c th hu hn hoc v

x x
x x0
hn).
V d1:
1) Khi x 0 th sin x l VCB v lim sin x = 0 .
x0
2) Khi x th
1
1
l VCB v lim = 0 .
x
x
x
3) Khi x 0 th
1
1
= + .
l VCL v lim
x 0 x
x
Nhn xt:
Nu hm f(x) l mt VCB khi x x0 v khc 0 th
x x0 . Nu f(x) l mt VCL khi x x 0 th
1
l mt VCL khi
f (x)
1
l mt VCB khi x x0 .
f (x)
Mt hng s c tr tuyt i b n u th cng khng c coi l hm VCB,

mt hng s d ctr tuyt i ln n u th n cng ch l mt s ln ch khng
phi l VCL.
nh ngha 2
Gi s f(x), g(x) l hai VCB khi x x0 . Ta bo chng l cc VCB(VCL) so
f ( x)
= c , khi :
snh c nu tn ti gii hn xlim
x0 g ( x )
i. Nu c 0 ,c th ta ni rng f(x) v g(x) l nhng VCB(VCL) cng cp.
ii. Nu c = 0 th ta ni rng f(x) mt VCB cp cao hn (VCL cp thp hn) so
vi g(x).
iii. Nu tn ti r > 0 sao cho f(x) cng cp vi [g(x)]r th ta ni rng f(x) l
VCB (VCL) cp r i vi g(x).
V d 2:
Khi x 0 th 1 cos x v x2 l hai VCB cng cp vi nhau.
x
V lim 1 cos
= lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
2. sin 2
x2
x
x
sin
2 = lim(
2 )2. 1 = 1 .
x 0
x
2 2
2
Quy tc ngt b VCB cp cao: Gi s f(x), g(x) l hai VCB khi x x0 , ng
thi
f(x), g(x) u l tng ca nhiu VCB th gii hn ca t s
f ( x)
bng gii hn ca t
g ( x)
s
gia hai VCB c cp thp nht t s v mu s.
Vi tch phn A1
trang 23
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
x + sin 2 x + tg3 x
x 1
V du 3: lim
= lim
=
3
7
x0
x 0
3x + 4 x + 5x
3x 3
nh ngha 3
Gi s f(x), g(x) l hai VCB khi x x0 . Ta bo chng l cc VCB tng ng khi
f ( x)
= 1 . K hiu: f(x) g(x).
x x0 . nu lim
x x0 g ( x )
V d 4: Khi x 0 th sin x x ; ex 1 x; ln (1 + x) x.
Ch :
Nu trong qu trnh no : 1(x) 2 ( x) cn 1(x) 2 ( x) th trong qu trnh
( x)
( x)
= lim 2
.
y: lim 1
1 ( x)
2 ( x)
V d 5:
sin 5x
5x 5
1) lim
= lim
=
x 0
sin 3x x0 3x 3
ln(1 + 2x)
2x 2
2) lim 3 x
= lim
=
x0
x0
e 1
3x 3
b. Cc tnh cht
1) Tng ca hai VCB l mt VCB (khi x x0 ) .
2) Tch ca mt VCB vi mt i lng b chn l mt VCB (khi x x0).
f ( x ) = L (hu hn)khi v ch khi f(x)L = (x) l VCB khi x x0.
3) xlim
x
0
HM S LIN TC
I. Cc nh Ngha
nh ngha 1: Cho hm s f(x) xc nh ti x0 v trong ln cn x0, khi
hm f(x) c gi l lin tc ti x0 nu lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) .
x x 0
nh ngha 2: Cho hm s f(x) xc nh ti x0 v trong ln cn x0, khi

hm f(x) c gi l lin tc ti x0 nu lim f = 0.
x 0
Vi x = x x0 gi l s gia ca i s x.
f = f(x) f(x0) = f(x0 + x) f(x0), gi l s gia ca hm f(x)
ng vi x ti x0.
nh ngha 3: Hm f(x) c gi l lin tc tri ( phi )ti im x0 nu:
Hm f(x) xc nh ti im x0 v trong ln cn tri (phi ) im x0.
lim f ( x) = f ( x0 ) ( lim+ f ( x) = f ( x0 ) ).
x x0
x x0
nh ngha 4
- Hm f(x) c gi l lin tc trong khong (a; b) nu f(x) lin tc ti mi x
thuc khong (a; b).
- Hm f(x) c gi l lin tc trn [a; b] nu f(x) lin tc trong khong (a; b)
v lin tc phi ti x = a v lin tc tri ti x = b.
nh ngha 5: Hm s f(x) c gi l gin on ti x0 nu n khng lin tc
ti x0 v x0 c gi l im gin on ca hm f(x).
Ngi ta chia cc im gin on ca f(x) lm hai loi:
Vi tch phn A1
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+ Nu x0 l im gin on ca hm s v gii hn tri, phi ca hm s f(x)

khi x dn ti x0 u l hu hn th x0 gi l im gin on loi mt ca hm s f(x),
cn = lim f ( x) lim f ( x) c gi l bc nhy ca f(x) ti x0.
x x0+
x x0
c bit: Nu lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) c gi l im gin on b c.

x x0+
x x0
+ Cc im gin on khng phi l im gin on loi mt th gi l im

gin on loi hai.
V d 1:
x 2 khi x 1
ti im x = 1.
Xt s lin tc tri, phi ca hm s f ( x) =
3 x + 1 khi x < 1
Gii
* lim+ f ( x) = lim+ x = 1 = f (1) f (x ) lin tc phi ti x = 1 .
2
x 1
x 1
* lim f ( x ) = lim 3 x + 1 = 4 f (1) f (x ) khng lin tc tri ti x = 1.

x 1
x 1
Ch : iu kin cn v cho hm f(x) lin tc ti x0 l hm f(x) phi

lin tc tri
v lin tc phi ti x0 .
II. Tnh lin tc ca hm s s cp
- Mi hm s s cp f(x) nu xc nh x0 v trong ln cn ti x0 th f(x) lin
tc ti x0.
- Mi hm s cp f(x) lin tc ti mi im trong min xc nh ca n.
V d 1: 1) f(x) = xn ( x N ) lin tc ti x.
2) f (x ) =
1
lin tc ti x 1.
x 1
3) f (x ) = x 2 1 lin tc ti mi x 1 x 1 x 1 .
III. Cc php tnh v hm lin tc ti cng mt im.
1) Nu f1(x), f2(x) l nhng hm s lin tc ti im x0 th tng, hiu (f1(x)
f2(x));
tch (f1(x) . f2(x)); thng
f1 (x )
( f2(x) 0) cng l nhng hm s lin tc ti
f2 (x )
im x0.
2) Nu u = u(x) l hm s lin tc ti x = x0, cn hm f(u) lin tc ti u = u0 th
hm f[u(x)]
cng l lin tc ti x0.
ngha hnh hc ca khi nim lin tc:
Nu hm s y = f(x) lin tc trn [a; b] th th ca n l mt ng cong
lin khng
b ngt qung ni hai im A(a, f(a)); B(b, f(b)).
Nhng tnh cht quan trng ca hm f(x) lin tc trn [a, b]:
i. Nu hm f(x) lin tc trn [a, b] th n b chn trn [a, b].
ii. Nu hm f(x) lin tc trn [a; b] th n gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht.
Cu hi cng c:
Vi tch phn A1
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1. Hy nu nh ngha hm s lin tc ti mt im, trong khong, trn on?

2. Hy cho bit tnh cht quan trng ca hm s lin tc trn mt on?
Vi tch phn A1
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KQHT 2 : Kho st hm s v tnh gn ng gi tr ca hm mt bin

s bng ng dng vi phn, bng khai trin Taylore Maclaurence.
o hm: y- Vi phn: dy
Mi lin h y v dy.
im n:Xt cc vn v o hm
Tnh yca y = u ( x) v ( x )
Tnh vi phn ton phn
Gii BT ng dng:
+ Tnh gn ng.
+ Kho st hm s.
+ Tm GTLN+ GTNN.
+ PT tip tuyn
BC HC 1: Trnh by php tnh o hm hm mt bin

Bi hng dn:
O HM
I. Cc nh ngha
nh ngha 1: Gi s y = f(x) l hm s xc nh ti im x0 v trong ln cn
f ( x 0 + x) f ( x0 )
y
= lim
tn ti hu hn th gii hn
x 0 x
x 0
x
ca im x0. Nu gii hn lim
c gi l o hm ca hm s f(x) ti im x0. K hiu: f(x0) .

Ch :
Ta c th k hiu o hm ca hm s di cc dng sau:
y ;
dy df ( x)
;
; f (x).
dx
dx
Gi tr o hm ca hm s ti im x0 c biu din nh sau:

f(x0) ; y '
x = x0
dy
dx
;
x = x0
df ( x)
dx
.
x = x0
nh ngha 2: Gi s hm s y = f(x) xc nh ti x0 v ti x > x0 ( hay x <

f ( x0 + x) f ( x0 )
lim+
= f +' ( x0 )
x0
).
Nu
gii
hn
(
hay
x 0
x
f ( x0 + x) f ( x0 )
lim
= f ' ( x0 ) ) tn ti hu hn th gii hn c gi l o hm
x 0
x
phi ( hay o hm tri ) ca hm f(x) ti im x0.
nh ngha 3:
* Hm s f(x) c o hm trn khong (a , b) nu n c o hm ti mi im thuc
khong .
Hm s f(x) c o hm trn on [a,b] nu n c o hm trn khong (a , b)
v c o
hm phi ti a, c o hm tri ti b.
V d 1: Dng nh ngha, tnh o hm ca hm s y = f(x) = ax + b.
Vi tch phn A1
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Gii:
Ta c f ' ( x) = lim
x 0
[a( x + x) + b] (ax + b ) = lim ax = a .

f ( x + x) f ( x)
= lim
x 0
x 0 x
x
x
t bit: Nu f(x) = C th f(x) = 0.

II. Cc nh l.
nh l 1: iu kin cn v hm s y = f(x) c o hm ti x l hm s
f(x) c o
hm tri v o hm phi bng nhau.
nh l 2: Gi s hm s f(x) xc nh ti x0 v trong ln cn ca n. Khi
nu hm f(x)
c o hm ti x0 th n lin tc ti x0.
Ch : Nu hm s f(x) lin tc ti x th cha th suy ra n c o hm ti x.
V d 2: Hm s f(x) = x lin tc ti x = 0 nhng khng c o hm ti y.
III. ngha ca o hm
1. ngha hnh hc.
Cho hm s y = f(x) c th (C), trn (C) ly hai im M0(x0, y0), M(x, y).V
tr gii hn nu c ca cc tuyn M0M khi M M0 dc theo th (C) c gi l tip
y
l h s gc
x
y
l h s gc
ca cc tuyn M0M. Khi M M0 th x 0 v gii hn nu c ca
x
tuyn ca (C) ti im M0. Vi x = x x 0
; y = y y 0 ta c t s
ca tip tuyn. Theo nh ngha ca o hm th f(x0) l h s gc ca tip tuyn vi

th hm s ti im M0(x0, y0).
y
M
(C)
M0
O
Hnh 2.1
2. ngha vt l
Xt mt cht im M chuyn ng trn trc Ox sao cho ti thi im t th S(t)
l khong cch i s OM . Sau khong thi gian t tc l ti thi im t + t cht
Vi tch phn A1
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,
im v tr M vi khong cch i s OM = S(t + t), khi qung ng i ca

cht im trong khong thi gian t l S( t + t ) S(t). Do vn tc trung bnh ca
cht im trong khong thi gian t l t s
S (t + t ) S (t )
. By gi gi tr
t
S (t + t ) S (t )
l vn tc tc thi ca cht im ti thi im t.
t 0
t
S ' (t ) = lim
IV. Qui tc tnh o hm.

nh l 1:
Gi s f(x), g(x) l cc hm s c o hm ti x, khi cc hm tng, hiu,
tch, thng ca chng cng c o hm ti x v:
[ f ( x) g ( x)]' = f ' ( x) g ' ( x)

[ f ( x).g ( x)]' = f ' ( x).g ( x) + f ( x).g ' ( x)
'
f ( x)
f ' ( x).g ( x) f ( x).g ' ( x)
=
g ( x)
g 2 ( x)
( g ( x) 0)
nh l 2:
Nu hm s u = u(x) c o hm ti x0, hm f(u) xc nh trong khong cha
im u0 = u(x0) v hm f(u) c o hm ti im u0 th hm hp h(x) = f[u(x)] c o
hm ti im x0 v h(x0) = h(u0).u(x0).
nh l 3:
Gi s hm y = f(x) c hm ngc l f 1(x). Nu hm f(x) c o hm ti x0 v
( ) (y ) =
f ' ( x0 ) 0 th f 1(x) c o hm ti y0 = f(x0) v f
1 '
1
.
f ( x0 )
'
V. BNG O HM CA CC HM S S CP.
f(x)
x ; un
a x ; au
e x ; eu
log a x ; lnx; logau
f ' ( x)
x 1 ; nuun-1
a x ln a ; uaulna.
e x lne = ex ; ueulne = ueu
1
( 1 a>0)
x ln a
;
sinx; sinu
cosx; cosu
tgx; tgu
cotgx; cotgu
arcsinx; arcsinu
arccosx; arccosu
Vi tch phn A1
1
u'
( 1 u>0); ;(x>0)
u log u
x
cosx; ucosu
- sinx; -ucosu
1
u'
;
cos 2 x cos 2 x
u'
1
sin 2 x
sin 2 x
u'
1
1 x2
1
1 u2
u'
;
1 x2
1 u2
trang 29
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
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arctgx; arctgu
arccotgx; arccotgu
1
u'
;
1+ x2 1+ u2
1
u'
1+ u2
1+ x2
VI. o hm cp cao.
nh ngha : Gi s hm s y = f(x) c o hm y = f(x) trong khong (a, b),
ta gi f(x) l o hm cp 1ca hm f(x). Bn thn f(x) cng l hm s nn n c th
c o hm, nu hm f(x) c o hm ti x thuc khong (a, b) th ta gi o hm ca
hm f(x) l o hm cp 2 ca hm f(x) v k hiu y ' ' = f ' ' ( x ) =
d 2 ( y) d 2 f
.
=
dx 2
dx 2
Tng qut: o hm cp n ca hm f(x) l o hm ca o hm cp (n 1)

ca n.
K hiu: y ( n ) = f ( n ) ( x) =
d n ( y) d n f
.
=
dx n
dx n
Cu hi cng c
- Hy trnh by nh ngha o hm, cc nh l, ngha hnh hc ca o hm
bng s trc quan?
BC HC :
2. Xc nh th no l vi phn? Mi quan h vi phn o hm v cc nh l c
bn ca vi phn.
3. Trnh by mt s ng dng ca php tnh vi phn.
Vi tch phn A1
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4. Vit khai trin Taylore Maclaurence.

Bi hng dn:
VI PHN
I. NH NGHA VI PHN.
nh ngha :
Cho hm s f(x) xc nh ti x0 v trong ln cn ca n. Cho x mt s gia x
tu , nu ti x0 s gia ca hm s y = f(x0 + x) f(x0) vit c di
dng: y = A x + (x) trong A l i lng khng ph thc vo x v (x) l v
cng b bc cao hn x ( ngha l (x) 0 khi x 0 ) th ta ni hm s f(x) kh
vi ti im x0 v i lng A x c gi l vi phn ca hm s ti im x0. K hiu:
dy = A x .
Nhn xt:
T nh ngha ta suy ra y = dy + (x) hay y dy = (x) . Vy nu f(x) kh
vi th s gia ca hm s sai khc vi phn mt lng v cng b khng ng k. Do
ta c: y dy khi x 0 .
Vi phn cp hai ca hm f(x) l vi phn ca vi phn cp mt, k hiu: d2f(x). Vi
phn cp n ca hm f(x) l vi phn ca vi phn cp n - 1 ca hm f(x), k hiu: dnf(x).
Ta c: dnf(x) = f(n)(x).dxn.
II. MI LIN H GIA VI PHN V O HM.
nh l 1:
iu kin cn v hm s y = f(x) kh vi ti im x0 l f(x) c o hm hu hn
ti im x0.
Ch : Vi phn ca hm f(x) thng c vit di dng df = f ( x0 ) x
* QUI TC TNH VI PHN.
nh l 2:
1. Gi s f(x), g(x) l cc hm s kh vi, khi ta c:
d(f g) = df dg
d(fg) = gdf + fdg
'
f gdf fdg
d =
g2
g
( g 0)
2. Gi s y =f(u) v u = u(x) l nhng hm s kh vi, khi ta c

df[u(x)] = f [u(x)] = f (u).u (x).dx = f (u).du
* CNG THC TNH XP X.
Theo nhn xt sau nh ngha: Nu f(x) kh vi ti im x0 v f ' ( x0 ) 0
th y f ' ( x0 )x hay f ( x0 + x) f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )x
V d: Tnh gn ng
28
Gii:
Ta c
Vi tch phn A1
1
1
28 = 3 271 + = 3 3 1 +
27
27
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Xt hm s f(x) =
x f ' ( x) =
, Chn x0 = 1 v x =
33 x2
dng cng thc tnh gn ng ta c: f ( x0 + x) f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )x
1
1
f (1 + ) f (1) + f ' (1).
27
27
1
1 1
3 1+
1+ .
27
3 27
1
1 1
Vy 3 28 31 + . = 3 +
3,04
27
3 27
1
. Khi p
27
III. CC NH L C BN CA PHP TNH VI PHN.

nh ngha :
Hm s f(x) t cc i ( hay cc tiu) ti im x0 (a, b) Df nu tn ti
mt ln cn ca im x0 sao cho vi mi x thuc ln cn ta c:
f ( x) f ( x0 ) ( hay f ( x) f ( x 0 ) )
im x0 gi l im cc i ( hay cc tiu) ca hm s, im cc i hay

cc tiu gi chung l im cc tr. Gi tr hm s ti im cc i ( hay cc tiu) gi
l gi tr cc i ( hay cc tiu) v gi chung l gi tr cc tr.
nh l 1: (Fermat)
Nu hm s f(x) xc nh trong khong (a, b), t cc i hay cc tiu ti im
x0 (a, b) v tn ti f ' ( x0 ) th f ' ( x0 ) = 0.
nh l 2: (Rolle)
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a, b] v kh vi trn khong (a, b) v
f(a) = f(b) th tn ti t nht mt im c (a, b) sao cho f(c) = 0.
nh l 3: (Lagrange)
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a, b] v kh vi trong khong (a, b) th
tn ti t nht mt im c (a, b) sao cho f ' (c) =
f (b) f (a )
.
ba
nh l 4: (Cauchy)
Nu cc hm s f(x), g(x) lin tc trn on [a, b], kh vi trn khong (a, b) v
g ' ( x) 0 x (a, b) th tn ti t nht mt im c (a, b) sao cho
f ' (c) f (b) f (a )

.
=
g ' (c) g (b) g (a)
nh l 5: (Taylor)
Nu hm s f(x) kh vi n cp (n +1) trong ln cn ca im x0 th
x , x x0 tn ti s c nm trong khong gia x v x0 sao cho
f ( x) = f ( x0 ) +
f ' ( x0 )
f '' ( x 0 )
f ( n ) ( x0 )
( x x 0 ) n + Rn ( x )
( x x0 ) 2 + K +
( x x0 ) +
n!
2!
1!
Trong sai s Rn(x) gi l phn d Lagrange xc nh bi :

Rn ( x) =
f ( n +1) (c)
( x x 0 ) n +1 ( vi c nm gia x v x0 ).
(n + 1) !
n
Khi cng thc trn c vit li f ( x) =

k =0
(k )
( x0 )
( x x0 ) k + Rn ( x).
k!
Cng thc ny gi l cng thc Taylor.

n
a thc Pn ( x) =
k =0
Vi tch phn A1
(k )
( x0 )
( x x0 ) k gi l a thc Taylor.
k!
trang 32
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
n
Khi x0 = 0 th cng thc Taylor c dng f ( x) =
(k )
(0) k
x + Rn ( x )
k!
k =0
( By gi phn d l: Rn ( x) =
( n +1)
f
(c) n +1
x ), gi l cng thc Maclaurin.
(n + 1) !
* Mt s cng thc khai trin Maclaurin.

1. f(x) = ax.
ln
ln 2 a 2
ln n a n
ax = 1+ x +
x +K+
x + Rn ( x )
1!
2!
n!
Vi Rn ( x) =
a c ln n +1 a n +1
x
( c nm gia 0 v x ).
(n + 1)!
2. f(x) = ex.
x2
xn
e = 1+ x +
+K+
+ Rn ( x)
2!
n!
x
Vi Rn ( x) =
x n +1 c
e
(n + 1)!
( c nm gia 0 v x ).
3. f(x) = sinx.
sin x = x
x3 x5
x 2 n 1
+
K + (1) n 1
+ R2 n 1 ( x)
3! 5!
(2n 1) !
Vi R2 n 1 ( x) =
sin[c + (2n + 1) ]
2 x 2 n +1
(2n + 1)!
( c nm gia 0 v x ).
4. f(x) = cosx.
x2 x4
x 2n
cos x = 1
+
K + (1) n
+ R2 n ( x )
2! 4!
2n !
cos[c + (n + 1) ] 2 n + 2
x
( c nm gia 0 v x ).
Vi R2 n ( x) =
(2n + 2)!
5. f(x) = ln(x + 1).

n
x2 x3 x4
( n 1) x
ln( x + 1) = x
+
+ K + (1)
+ Rn ( x )
2
3
4
n
Vi Rn ( x) =
x n +1
(n + 1)(1 + c) n +1
( c nm gia 0 v x ).
6. f(x) = (1 + x) .
(1 + x) = 1 + x +
Vi Rn ( x) =
( 1)
2!
x2 +K+
( 1) K ( n)
(n + 1) !
( 1)( 2)K ( n + 1)
(1 + c) ( n +1) x n +1
n!
x n + Rn ( x )
( c nm gia 0 v x ).
V d:
1) Dng khai trin Macluarin ca hm ex tnh gn ng gi tr s e vi sai s

nh hn10 3.
2) Dng khai trin Macluarin ca hm sinx tnh gn ng gi tr sin10 vi sai s
nh hn 10 5.
Vi tch phn A1
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Gii:
1) p dng cng thc khai trin Macluarin ca hm f(x) = ex vi x = 1, ta c:
1
1
e 1+1+ +K+
2!
n!
Vi sai s = Rn ( x) =
M =
ec
; c (0,1)
(n + 1) !
3
ec
c (0,1)
(n + 1) ! (n + 1) !
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
2) p dng cng thc khai trin Macluarin ca hm f(x) = sinx vi x= 10, ta c:
(10 ) 3 (10 ) 5
(10 ) 2 n 1
sin 10 10
+
K + (1) n 1
3!
5!
(2n 1)!
sin[c + (2n + 1) ]
2 x 2 n +1 ; c (0, )
Vi sai s = R2 n 1 ( x) =
< 10 3 th ta ch cn ly n = 6, khi e 1 + 1 +
(2n + 1) !
180
2 n +1
sin[c + (2n + 1) ]
x
2 n +1
2
x
c (0,
)
M =
(2n + 1) !
(2n + 1) !
180
2 n +1
180
th = R2 n 1 ( )
Vi x =
180
(2n + 1) !
180
< 10
th ta ch cn ly n = 1, khi sin 1
(
)3
180 3!(180)3
nh l 6: ( Qui tc LHospital th nht )

Gi s :
1. f(x) v g(x) l cc hm s kh vi trong ln cn ca im x0

f ( x) = lim g ( x) = 0 .
2. xlim
x
x x
0
3. g ( x) 0 trong ln cn ca x0.
'
f ' ( x)
= A ( hu hn hay v hn )
'
0 g ( x)
f ( x)
= A.
Khi xlim
x0 g ( x )
nh l 7: ( Qui tc LHospital th hai )
Gi s :
f(x) v g(x) l cc hm s kh vi trong ln cn ca im x0 .
f ( x) = lim g ( x) = .
2. xlim
x
x x
4. xlim
x
3. g ( x) 0 trong ln cn ca x0.
'
Vi tch phn A1
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh
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f ' ( x)
= A ( hu hn hay v hn )
'
0 g ( x)
f ( x)
= A.
Khi xlim
x0 g ( x )
4. xlim
x
V d: Tnh
x3
1) lim
;
x 0 x sin x
xn
2) lim x
x + e
Gii:
2
x

3
2
2
x
3x
3x
2
= lim
= lim
= 6 lim = 6
1) lim
x 0 x sin x
x 0 1 cos x
x 0
x 0
x
x
sin 2
2 sin 2
2
2
n
n 1
n2
x
nx
n (n 1) x
n!
= lim
= K = lim x = 0
2) lim x = lim
x
x
x + e
x + e
x +
x + e
e
Cu hi cng c:
1. Hy dng s ch T phn bit mi quan h gia o hm v vi phn.
2. Hy vit biu thc vi phn ton phn v cng thc tnh xp x.
3. Vit khai trin Taylore- Maclaurence.
BC HC 3: Trnh by mt s ng dng ca php tnh vi phn.

Bi hng dn:
MT S NG DNG CA PHP TNH VI PHN

1. Kho st tnh n iu ca hm s.
nh l 1:
Gi s hm s f(x) kh vi trn (a, b), iu kin cn v f(x) tng ( hay gim
)
trn khong (a, b) l f ' ( x) 0 ( hay f ' ( x) 0 ) vi mi x (a, b).
* Cc tr ca hm s.
nh l 2: ( iu kin cn )
Nu hm s f(x) t cc tr ti x0 v kh vi ti x0 th f ' ( x) = 0 .
nh ngha:
im x0 Df c gi l im ti hn ca hm s f(x) nu f(x) khng
kh vi ti x0 hoc f ' ( x) = 0 . im ti hn loi f ' ( x) = 0 cn gi l im dng ca
hm s.
nh l 3: ( iu kin th nht ca cc tr )
Vi tch phn A1
trang 35
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Gi s hm s y = f(x) lin tc trong ln cn ca im x0, c o hm

trong ln cn ( c th tr im x0 ). Nu x0 l im ti hn ca hm s v f ' ( x) i
du t dng sang m ( t m sang dng ) khi i qua x0 th x0 l im cc i ( cc
tiu ).
nh l 4: ( iu kin th hai ca cc tr )
Gi s hm s y = f(x) c o hm lin tc n cp hai trong ln cn ca im
x0 v f ' ( x) = 0 . Khi nu f '' ( x0 ) < 0 ( f '' ( x0 ) > 0 ) th x0 l im cc i ( cc
tiu ).
V d:
Tm cc tr ca hm s f ( x) = x 1 x 2
Gii:
Min xc nh Df = [-1,1]
1 2x 2
2
'
=0 x=
f ( x) =
2
2
1 x
Bng xt du f
x
f ' ( x)
1
-
2
2
f(x)
2
2
+ 0
C
CT
Vy hm s t cc tiu ti x =
2
2
2
, t cc i ti x =
; fCT = f(
)=
2
2
2
1
,
2
fC = f(
2
1
)= .
2
2
2. Bi ton tm gi tr nh nht, ln nht ca hm s f(x) lin tc trn on

[a, b].
tm gi tr nh nht, ln nht ca hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a, b] ta thc
hin cc bc sau:
1. Tm cc im ti hn ca hm s f(x) trong khong (a, b).
2. Tnh gi tr ca hm s ti cc im trn v tnh f(a), f(b).
3. Gi tr ln nht, nh nht trong cc gi tr trn l gi tr ln nht, nh nht
ca hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a, b].
V d 1:
Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s f(x) = x3 3x + 4 trn [-3, 2].
Gii:
Ta c f ' ( x) = 3 x 2 3 = 0 x = 1
Vi tch phn A1
trang 36
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
f(1) = 2 ; f(-1) = 6 ; f(-3) = -14 ; f(2) = 6

Gi tr ln nht ca hm s l 6 t ti x = -1; x = 2 ( fmax = 6) v gi tr nh
nht ca hm s l -14 t ti x = -3 ( fmin = -14).
V d 2: Ngi ta mun thit k mt ci lon hnh tr ng c din tch ton
phn l S.
Hy xc nh kch thc ca lon sao cho th tch ca n ln nht.
Gii: Gi x, y (x, y > 0) ln lt l bn knh y v chiu cao ca lon. Ta c:
S 2 x 2
Din tch ton phn ca lon l: S = S2 y + Sxq = 2 x 2 + 2 x y y =
2 x
S 2 x 2
2 x
S
= x x 3
2
Th tch ca lon l: V = x 2 y = x 2
Bi ton tr thnh tm x sao cho V(x) =

Ta c V ' ( x) =
S
x x 3 t gi tr ln nht.
2
S
S
3 x 2 = 0 x =
.
2
6
Bng bin thin:

x
S
6
S
6
0
+
V(x)
Vy V t gi tr ln nht khi x =
S
y=2
6
S
6
V d 3: Ngi ta mun thit k mt ci thng hnh ch nht (vi hai y l

hnh vung) vi th tch cn t c l V. Hi kch thuc cnh y v chiu cao
bng bao nhiu th tit kim nguyn liu nht.
Gii: Gi x, y (x, y > 0) ln lt l kch thuc cnh y v chiu cao ca
thng.
Ta c:
Th tch ca thng l: V = x2y y =
V
x2
Din tch ton phn ca thng l: S = S2 y + Sxq = 2x2 + 4xy = 2x2 +

Bi ton tr thnh tm x sao cho S(x) = 2x2 +
Ta c S ' ( x) = 4 x
4V
x
4V
x
t gi tr nh nht.
4V
=0 x=3V
x2
Bng bin thin:

x
S ' ( x)
Vi tch phn A1
+
trang 37
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
S(x)
CT
Vy V t gi tr nh nht khi x = 3 V y = 3 V
V d 4: Gi s AB l mt on thng trn b bin v L l
mt o nh
ngoi khi (AL vung gc vi AB), ngi ta mun mc mt ng dy cp t L n
B. Hy xc nh v tr ca im C trn on AB sao cho tng gi tin cp ( tnh trn
n v ngn ng ) l nh nht ? Bit rng: Phn cp di nc gi 500 ngn
ng/km, phn cp trn b gi 300 ngn ng/km, AL = 5 km, AB = 10 km.
Gii
Gi AC = x km ( 0 x 10 ) CB = 10 - x
V AL vung gc AB nn LC = x 2 + 5 2
Tng tin cp: 500 x 2 + 5 2 + 300(10 - x)
Xt hm s t(x) = 500 x 2 + 5 2 + 300(10 - x) t ' ( x) =
500 x
x 2 + 52
300
15
15
; Ta c: t = 5000; t (0) = 5500; t (10) = 2500 5 .
4
4
15
, tc l ta cn chn im C
Vy: t(x) t gi tr nh nht ( t(x)min = 5000) khi x =
4
Cho t(x) = 0 x =
cch A l 3,75 km .
3. Kho st v v th hm s.
kho st v v th hm s ta thc hin cc bc sau:
1. Tm min xc nh ca hm s, tnh o hm cp 1 t suy ra tnh n
iu, cc tr ca hm s.
2. Tnh o hm cp 2 kho st tnh li lm, im un ca th.
th hm s y = f(x) gi l lm ( hay li ) nu f ' ' ( x) > 0 (hay f ' ' ( x) < 0) .
im (x0, f(x0)) gi l im un ca th hm s y = f(x)Anu:
i. th ca hm s y = f(x) c mt tip tuyn ti x0.
ii. Tnh li, lm ca hm s tri ngc nhau hai pha ca x0.
3. Tm cc ng tim cn ca th hm s thng qua cc gii hn c bit.
Nu lim f ( x) = th x = a l ng tim cn ng.
xa
Nu lim [ f ( x) (a x + b)] = 0 th y = ax + b l ng tim cn ngang (a = 0)

x
hoc ng tim cn xin ( a 0) ca hm s.

4. Tm cc im t bit: cc im cc tr, im un, im giao ca th vi
cc trc to .
5. Lp bng bin thin
6. V th hm s.
Cu hi cng c:
1. Kho st v v th hm s c bao nhiu bc?
2. Hy cho bit bi ton tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s lin
tc trn on [ a; b] gm nhng bc no?
Vi tch phn A1
trang 38
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
PHN HNG DN THC HNH

KQHT 2 : Kho st hm s v tnh gn ng gi tr ca hm mt bin
s bng ng dng vi phn vi phn.
Trang thit b + vt liu cung cp cho hc vin:
1. Giy A4, A3, A0.
2. Vit lng
Cc bc thc hnh:
Ch 1: Kho st v v th hm s
1. Dng s trc quan tm tt cc bc kho st v v th hm s.
2. Kho st v v th ca mt s hm s cp c bn.
3. So snh vi cc hm tng kho st vi chng trnh ph thng.
Ghi chp / Bo co kt qu:
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 39
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
TIU CHUN CHO BI THC HNH (CHECKLIST)

Tiu ch
Khng
1. Min xc nh.
2. o hm cp mt xt tnh tng gim v cc tr ca hm
s
3. Tim cn hoc tnh li lm.
4. Bng bin thin
5. im t bit
6. V th
7. Kh hay d so vi cc bi ton kho st ca ph thng.
8. Tch cc tham gia tho lun nhm
Nhn xt: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 40
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Ch 2: Bi ton tm gi tr nh nht, ln nht ca hm s f(x)

lin tc trn on [a, b].
1. Dng s trc quan tm tt cc bc tm cc tr hm s lin tc trn
on [a, b].
2. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi trnh nht mt s hm s cp c bn.
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 41
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

Tiu ch
Khng
1. Min xc nh.
2. o hm cp mt xt tnh tng gim.
3. Cho o hm cp mt trit tiu.
4. Bng bin thin
5. Xt cc gi tr hai u on.
6. So snh cc gi tr cc i, cc tiu v cc gi tr hai u
on.
Nhn xt: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 42
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Ch 3: ng dng vi phn tnh gn ng gi tr ca mt biu

thc
1. Dng s trc quan tm tt cc bc tnh gn ng gi tr ca mt biu
thc.
2. Tnh gn ng gi tr ca mt s biu thc.
* Ghi chp / Bo co kt qu:
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 43
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

Tiu ch
Khng
1. Chn hm.
2. Chn x0 = ? suy ra x = ? c nh hay khng?
3. Tnh o hm cp 1.
4. Tnh cc gi tr hm v gi tr o hm ti x0.
5. Cng thc A = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 ) x.
Nhn xt: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 44
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
KQHT 3: Tnh tch phn i bin, tng phn, din tch hnh phng,
di cung phng v th tch vt th trn xoay.
o hm: y- Tch phn
Mi lin h y v
Tnh
im n: Xt cc vn v tch phn
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx
bng:
+ Cng thc c bn;

+Bng PP i bin v tng phn
Gii BT ng dng tnh:
+ Din tch hnh phng;
+ di cung phng;
+ Th tch vt th trn xoay.
BC HC 1: TCH PHN BT NH
Bi hng dn:
PHP TNH TCH PHN CA HM MT BIN

1 TCH PHN BT NH
CHNG III
I. NGUYN HM V TCH PHN BT NH

nh ngha 1: Hm F(x) c gi l nguyn hm ca hm f(x) trn khong
(a, b)
nu F ' ( x) = f ( x) x (a, b) .
V d 1:
Hm F ( x) =
x3
l nguyn hm ca hm f(x) = x2 vi mi x v F ' ( x) = f ( x) x .
3
nh l 1:
Nu hm F(x) l nguyn hm ca hm f(x)trn khong (a, b) th (F(x) + C)
cng l nguyn hm ca hm f(x). Ngc li, mi nguyn hm ca hm f(x) trn
khong (a, b) u c th biu din di dng (F(x) + C).
nh ngha 2:
Tp hp tt c cc nguyn hm ca hm f(x) trn khong (a, b) c gi l tch
phn bt nh ca hm f(x). K hiu: f ( x)dx .
Theo nh l 1 nu hm f(x) c nguyn hm l F(x) th
f ( x)dx = F ( x) + C .
x3
V d 2: x dx = + C
3
2
nh l 2:
Cho f(x) v g(x) l cc hm s c nguyn hm trn khong (a,b), khi :
Vi tch phn A1
trang 45
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
1.
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
[ f ( x)dx] = f ( x) .
'
2. d f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx .
f ( x)dx = f ( x) + C hay df ( x) = f ( x) + C .
4. f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx ( 0) .
5. [ f ( x) + g ( x)]dx = f ( x)dx + g ( x)dx .
3.
'
V d 3: x +
2
1
2
dx = x x + 4 x + C .
dx = x dx + 2
3
x
x
Bng cc tch phn:
adx = ax + C
; 0dx = C ;
dx
x +1
1
+ C ( 1) ; dx = ln x + C ;
= ln x + 1 + C.
+1
x
x +1
ax
eu
x
x
x
u
;
;
=
+ C.
a
dx
=
+
C
e
dx
=
e
+
C
e
dx
ln a
u'
dx
1
xa
sin xdx = cos x + C ; x 2 a 2 = 2a ln x + a + C.
dx
2
cos xdx = sin x + C ; x 2 + k = ln x + x + k + C.
dx
dx
1
a+x
sin 2 x = cot gx + C ; a 2 x 2 = 2a ln a x + C.
x dx =
dx
1 2
a2
2
2
2
=
tgx
+
C
;
x
a
dx
=
x
ln x x 2 a 2 + C.
cos 2 x
2
2
dx
x 2
a2
x
2
2
2
1 + x 2 = arctgx + C ; a x dx = a a x + 2 arcsin 2 + C;(a > 0).
dx
x
dx
dx
x
1 x 2 = arcsin x + C ; sin x = ln tg 2 + C; cosx = ln tg ( 2 + 4 ) + C;
II. CC PHNG PHP TNH TCH PHN

1. Phng php i bin s
nh l 1:
Nu f ( x)dx = F ( x) + C th f [ (t )] ' (t )dt = F [ (t )] + C vi (t ) l hm
s c o hm lin tc.
Dng 1:
Gi s F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca hm f(x), nu hm s hp f[u(x)] vi
u(x) l hm kh vi th f [u ( x)]u ' ( x)dx = f (u )du = F (u ) + C = F [u ( x)] + C .
V du 1:
sin 4 x
+C .
4
3
2
2
2
2. sin xdx = sin x. sin xdx = (cos x 1)( sin x)dx = (cos x 1)d (cos x)
1. sin 3 x. cos xdx = sin 3 x.(sin x ) dx = sin 3 xd (sin x) =

'
Vi tch phn A1
trang 46
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
cos 3 x
= cos xd (cos x) d (cos x) =
cos x + C .
3
2
dx
1 1
1
1 dx
dx
=
dx =
2a x a x + a
2a x a
x + a
a
1 d ( x a)
d ( x + a) 1
[ln x a ln x + a + C ] = 1 ln x a + C
=
2a x a
x + a 2a
2a x + a
x
d
dx
dx
1
1
x
x
a
1
=
= 2 = arctg + C1 = arctg + C
4. 2
2
2
a
a
a
x +a
x
a x
a
a 2 + 1
+1
a
a
3.
5/
dx
a2 x2
1
a
dx
x
1
a
x
d
a
x
1
a
= arcsin
x
+C
a
Dng 2:
Cho f ( x)dx , gi s x = x(t) kh vi v c hm ngc.
'
Nu f [x(t )].x (t ) c nguyn hm l hm F(t) th
f ( x)dx = f [x(t )]x (t )dt = F (t ) + C = F [t ( x)] + C .

'
V d 2: Tnh I =
a 2 x 2 dx
Gii

,
, ta c:
2 2
t x = asint vi t
I =
a 2 x 2 dx =
a 2 a 2 sin 2 t ( a cos t ) dt =
cos t 1 sin 2 t dt = a 2 cos 2 tdt
a2
a 2 sin 2t
a2
a2
(1 + cos 2t )dt =
t + sin t cos t + C
=
t +
+C =
2
2
2
2
2
a2
x 1
arcsin + x a 2 x 2 + C
2
2 2
2. Phng php tch phn tng phn:
nh l 2:
=
'
Cho cc hm u(x), v(x) kh vi v u ( x).v( x) c nguyn hm. Khi
u ( x).v ' ( x) cng c nguyn hm v u ( x ).v ' ( x )dx = u ( x).v( x ) u ' ( x).v( x )dx .
Ch : V du = u ' ( x )dx v dv = v ' ( x)dx nn cng thc trn thng c vit
di dng
udv = uv vdu
V d 3: Tnh I = x 3 ln xdx
Vi tch phn A1
trang 47
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Gii
] [
1
1
1
ln xd ( x 4 ) = x 4 ln x x 4 d (ln x) = x 4 ln x x 3 dx
4
4
4
4
x
1
= x 4 ln x
+ C
4
4
Ta c I =
III. TCH PHN CA CC HM S N GIN

1. Tch phn ca hm s hu t
Dng 1:
dx
(ax + b)
trong a, b l cc hng s v n = 1, 2, 3.
V d 1: Tnh cc tch phn sau:

dx
(ax + b)
dx
2. I 2 =
(ax + b) n
1. I 1 =
(n 1)
Gii
1. I 1 =
dx
1 d (ax + b) 1
1
=
= (ln ax + b + C1 ) = ln ax + b + C
(ax + b) a (ax + b)
a
a
2.
I2 =
1 (ax + b)1 n
dx
1
1 (ax + b)1 n
n
=
+
+
=
+
ax
b
d
ax
b
C
+C
(
)
(
)
1 =
a 1 n
(ax + b) n a
a 1 n
Dng 2:
dx
trong a, b l cc hng s v n = 1, 2, 3.
+ ax + b

dx
x + x +1
dx
2. I 2 = 2
x + 4x + 4
dx
3. I 3 = 2
3x 2 x 1
1. I 1 =
Gii
1.
I1 =
dx
2
1
3
x+ +
2
4
d x +
2
2
1 3
x + +
2 2
1
2
2 + C = 2 arctg 2 x + 1 + C
=
arctg
3
3
3
3
2
dx
dx
( x + 2)1 2
1
2. I 2 = 2
=
=
+C =
+C
2
1 2
x+2
x + 4x + 4
( x + 2)
x+
Vi tch phn A1
trang 48
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
3.
I3 =
1
3
dx
=
2
1
2
x x
3
3
1 2
x
1
dx
13
1 3( x 1)
3 3
=
=
ln
+ C1 = ln
+ C1
2
2
1 2
3
34
4
3x + 1
1 2
x +
x
3 3
3 3
1
x 1 ln 3
1
x 1
= ln
+
+ C1 = ln
+C
4 3x + 1
4
4 3x + 1
Cch khc:
Ta c
1
1
A
B
=
=
+
3x 2 x 1 ( x 1)(3x + 1) x 1 3x + 1
2
A=
3
A
B
0
+
=
4
1 = A(3x + 1) + B( x 1) = (3 A + B) x + A B
A B = 1
B = 3
4
3
1
4
1
3
1 dx
dx
dx =
dx =
I 3 = 4 +
4 x 1
3x + 1
x 1 3x + 1
4( x 1) 4(3 x + 1)
1
1
x 1
= (ln x 1 ln 3x + 1 ) + C = ln
+C
4
4 3x + 1
Dng 3:
Ax + B
dx trong A, B, a, b l cc hng s, n = 1, 2,
+ ax + b
v a2 4b < 0.
V d 3: Tnh I =
x 1
dx
x + x +1
2
Gii
Ta c
dx
1 2x + 1 3
1
2x + 1
dx = 2
dx 3 2
2 x + x +1
2 x + x +1
x + x + 1
dx
1 d ( x 2 + x + 1) 3
= 2
2
2
2 x + x +1
x + x +1
1
3
dx
= ln x 2 + x + 1
+C
2
2
2
2
1 3
x + +
2 2
1
2x + 1
= ln x 2 + x + 1 3arctg
+C
2
3
I =
Dng 4:
Ax 2 + Bx + C
(ax 2 + bx + c)(dx + e)dx trong A, B, C, a, b, c, d, e l cc hng s, n = 1, 2,
e
3 v b24ac< 0, x = khng l nghim ca phng trnh
d
Ax2+Bx+C = 0.
Vi tch phn A1
trang 49
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
1. I 1 =
dx
x( x 2 + 1)
x2 x +1
dx
2. I 2 =
( x + 1)( x 2 + x + 1)
Gii
1. Ta c
1
x( x + 1)
2
A Bx + C
+ 2
1 = A( x 2 + 1) + x( Bx + C ) = ( A + B) x 2 + Cx + A
x x +1
A + B = 0 A = 1
C = 0
B = 1
A = 1
C = 0
Vy
dx
x
1
= 2 dx
2
x( x + 1)
x x +1
dx
xdx
1 d ( x 2 + 1)
= 2
= ln x 2
+C
2
x
x +1
x +1
1
= ln x ln x 2 + 1 + C
2
2
x x +1
A
Bx + C
=
+ 2
2
( x + 1)( x + x + 1) x + 1 x + x + 1
I1 =
2. Ta c
x 2 x + 1 = A( x 2 + x + 1) + ( x + 1)( Bx + C )
x 2 x + 1 = ( A + B) x 2 + ( A + B + C ) x + A + C
A + B = 1
A = 3
A + B + C = 1 B = 2
A + C = 1
C = 2
x2 x +1
dx
2x + 2
2x + 1 + 1
3
dx =
dx
2
2
Vy I 2 =
dx = 3
2
x +1 x + x +1
( x + 1)( x + x + 1)
x + 1 x + x + 1
(2 x + 1)dx
dx
= 3 ln x + 1 2
2
+C
x + x +1
x + x +1
d ( x 2 + x + 1)
dx
= 3 ln x + 1 2
+C
2
2
x + x +1
1 3
x + +
2
2
2
2x + 1
= 3 ln x + 1 ln( x 2 + x + 1)
arctg
+C
3
3
Dng 5:
dx
trong m l hng s v n = 1, 2,.
+ m2 )n
dx
V d 5: Tnh I = 2
(x + m2 )2
(x
Vi tch phn A1
trang 50
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Gii
x + m x2
x2
1 x2 + m2
dx
dx
dx
(x 2 + m2 )2
( x 2 + m 2 ) 2
m 2 ( x 2 + m 2 ) 2
1
dx
x 2 dx
= 2 2
m x + m 2 ( x 2 + m 2 ) 2
dx
1
Ta c I = 2
= 2
2 2
m
(x + m )
x 2 dx
1 xd ( x 2 + m 2 )
=
(x 2 + m2 )2 2 (x2 + m2 )2
t u = x du = dx
d (x 2 + m2 )
1
dv = 2
v= 2
2 2
(x + m )
x + m2
Tnh
x 2 dx
x
1
dx
( x 2 + m 2 ) 2 = 2( x 2 + m 2 ) + 2 x 2 + m 2
Vy
dx
x 2 dx
2
2
( x 2 + m 2 ) 2
x +m
dx
x
dx
1
1
= 2 2
2
+ 2
2
2
2 x +m
m x +m
x + m2
I=
1
m2
1
2m 2
1
=
2m 2
=
2
x
2
x
x
dx
+ 2
2
x + m2
+m
x
1
x
+ arctg + C
2
m
m
+m
2. Tch phn ca hm s lng gic

Dng 1:
R(sin x, cos x)dx trong R(sinx, cosx) l hm hu t theo sinx, cosx.
x
2
Ta s hu t ho tch phn bng cch t t = tg , khi
2t
1 t2
2dt
=
;
cos
;
x
=
dx
1+ t2
1+ t2
1+ t2
V R (sin x, cos x ) dx s tr thnh tch phn hm hu t.
sin x =
V d 1: Tnh I =
dx
3 + 5 cos x
Gii
2t
x
;
t t = tg sin x =
1+ t2
2
I =
=
2 dt
1+ t 2
1 t 2
1+ t 2
3+5
1 t2
2dt
=
dx
cos x =
;
1+ t2
1+ t2
dt
1 t+2
=
ln
+C
2
4t
4 t2
1 tg 2x + 2
ln
+C
4 tg 2x 2
Dng 2:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 51
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
R(sin x, cos x)dx , ta xt cc trng hp sau.

Trng hp 1: Nu R(sinx, cosx) = R(- sinx, - cosx) th ta t t = tgx.
dx
1/ I 1 = 2
sin x 3 cos 2 x
dx
2/ I 2 = 2
sin x cos 2 x + sin 2 x
Gii
t2
dt
1
2
=
x
;
sin
; dx =
1/ t t = tgx cos 2 x =
2
2
1+ t
1+ t
1+ t2
dt
dt
1+ t 2
=
I1 = t 2
2
t 3
3 1+1t 2
1+ t 2
=
=
2/ Ta c I 2 =
t t = tgx
cos 2 x =
I1 =
=
dt
t2
1
2 3
( 3)
ln
1
2 3
ln
t 3
+C
t+ 3
tgx 3
+ C.
tgx + 3
dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x + 2 sin x cos x
1
t2
dt
t
1
2
;
sin
x
=
; dx =
; sin x =
; cos x =
2
2
2
1+ t
1+ t
1+ t
1+ t2
1+ t2
dt
1+ t 2
2
t
1+t 2
1
2 2
1+1t 2 + 1+2tt2
ln
tgx + 1 2
tgx + 1 + 2
dt
dt
=
t 2 + 2t 1 (t + 1) 2
( 2)
1
2 2
ln
(t + 1) 2
+C
(t + 1) + 2
+C
Trng hp 2:
Nu R(sinx, cosx) = -R(- sinx, cosx) th ta t t = cosx.
sin 3 x
dx
V d 2: Tnh I =
1 + cos 2 x
Gii
t t = cosx dt = - sinxdx
I =
sin 2 x
1 t2
t2 +1 2
2
sin
xdx
)
=
dt
=
dt = 1 2
dt = t 2arctgt + C
2
2
2
1 + cos x
1+ t
t +1
t + 1
= cos x 2arctg (cos x ) + C
Trng hp 3:
Nu R(sinx, cosx) = -R(sinx, - cosx) th ta t t = sinx.
dx
V d 3: Tnh I =
sin 2 x cos x
Vi tch phn A1
trang 52
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Gii
t t = sinx dt = cosxdx
I =
cos dx
dt
dt
dt
t 2 + (1 t 2 )
+ 2
dt =
=
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
sin x cos x
1 t
t
t (1 t )
t (1 t )
1
1 sin x 1
dt
dt
1 t 1 1
ln
C
ln
+C
+
=
+
=
2 sin x + 1 sin x
2 t +1 t
t 2 1 t 2
3. Tch phn ca hm s v t
=
Dng 1:
R ( x,
V d 1: Tnh I =
ax + b )dx , ta t t = n ax + +b .
1+
dx
3
x +1
Gii
x = t 1
t t = 3 x + 1
dx = 3t 2 dt
3
t2
3t 2 dt
1
= 3 t 1 +
dt = 3 t + ln t + 1 + C
1+ t
t + 1
3 ( x + 1) 2
= 3
3 x + 1 + ln 3 x + 1 + 1 + C
I =
Ch : Nu
R ( x,
n1
ax + b , 2 ax + b ,...) dx , ta t
t = n ax + b
vi n = BCNN(n1, n2,).
dx
V d 2: Tnh I =
x (3 x + 1)
Gii
x = t
t t = 6 x
dx = 6t 5 dt
6t 5 dt
t 2 dt
1
I = 3 2
= 6 2
= 6 1 2
dt = 6(t + arctgt ) + C
t (t + 1)
t +1
t + 1
6
= 6 6 x arctg 6 x + C
Dng 2:
dx
Ax + B
ax 2 + bx + c
ax 2 + bx + c
1. I 1 =
2. I 2 =
3. I 3 =
Vi tch phn A1
dx
dx
x + 2x + 5
dx
2
1 x x2
5x + 3
x 2 + 4 x + 10
dx
trang 53
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Gii
dx
1. I 1 =
(x + 1)2 + 4
dx
2. I 2 =
3. I 3 =
5
4
5
2
(x +
1 2
2
(2 x + 4) 7
x + 4 x + 10
2
=
=
d ( x + 1)
(x + 1)2 + 2 2
d (x +
( )
5
2
1
2
(x +
1 2
2
= ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 5 + C
= arcsin
x+
5
2
1
2
+ C = arcsin
2x + 1
5
+C
5 d ( x + 4 x + 10)
d ( x + 2)
7
2
2
x + 4 x + 10
( x + 2) 2 + ( 6 ) 2
2
= 5 x 2 + 4 x + 10 7 ln ( x + 2) + x 2 + 4 x + 10 + C
Vi tch phn A1
trang 54
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Dng 2:
R ( x,
ax 2 + bx + c )dx .
Ta dng php th Euler

(i ) Nu a > 0, t ax 2 + bx + c = t a x ( hoc
ax 2 + bx + c = t + a x ).
(ii ) Nu c > 0, t ax 2 + bx + c = xt + c ( hoc ax 2 + bx + c = xt c ).

(iii ) Nu phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 c hai nghim thc x1, x2 th
ax2 + bx + c = a(x x1)(x x2), khi ta t ax 2 + bx + c = t ( x x1 )
V d 2:
Tnh I =
dx
x + x2 x +1
Gii
t 1
x =
2t 1
x2 x +1 = t x
2
dx = 2 t t + 1
(2t 1) 2
2
I =
dx
x + x2 x +1
1
1
2(t 2 t + 1)
3 3t
dt = 2 +
dt = 2
2
2
t (2t 1)
t (2t 1)
t
3
8
[4(2t 1)] 32
(2t 1) 2
dt
dt 3 d (2t 1) 2 3 d (2t 1)
3
3 1
= 2
+
= 2 ln t ln 2t 1
+C
2
2
4 (2t 1)
2
4 (2t 1)
t 8 (2t 1)
3
3
1
= 2 ln x + x 2 x + 1 ln 2 x + 2 x 2 x + 1 1
+C
2
4 2x + 2 x 2 x + 1 1
Ch :
tnh R( x, ax 2 + bx + c )dx ta c th dng php i bin s lng gic.
2
b b 2 4ac
Ta c ax + bx + c = a x +
2a
4a 2
t u = x +
b
;
2a
m2 =
b 2 4ac
b 2 4ac
2
;
n
=
.
4a 2
4a 2
Khi tch phn trn c a v cc dng:

(1) R( x, u 2 m 2 )dt ( khi b2 4ac 0 v a > 0 ).
(2) R( x, m 2 u 2 )dt ( khi b2 4ac 0 v a < 0 ).
(3) R( x, u 2 + n 2 )dt ( khi b2 4ac < 0 v a > 0 ).
i vi cc tch phn ny ta c th dng php i bin s bng cc t:
(1) u =
m
; (2) u = msint; (3) u = ntgt
sin t
Ch :
Bng phng php tch phn tng phn ta tnh c:
x 2 a 2 dx =
Vi tch phn A1
x 2
a2
x a2
ln x + x 2 a 2 + C
2
2
trang 55
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
x
a2
x
2
2
a x dx =
a x +
arcsin + C
2
2
a
2
Cu hi cng c:
1. Theo bn hiu th no l tch phn ?
2. Tch phn bt nh l g ? Bn hiu th no v hng s C trong kt qu ca
tch phn bt nh ?
3. Mc ch i bin s l g ? Lm sao bn bit t bin mi l ng hay sai ?
4. Bn hiu ngha tch phn tng phn l nh th no ? V cho bit vn
chnh trong tch phn tng phn l g ?
5. Theo bn c bao nhiu phng php tnh tch phn? V phng php no
thng hay ng dng nhiu nht ?
6. Theo bn c cn quan tm n tch phn cc dng khc hay khng ? Ti sao ?
Vi tch phn A1
trang 56
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
PHN HNG DN THC HNH

KQHT 3 : Tnh tch phn i bin, tng phn, din tch hnh phng, di cung
phng v th tch vt th trn xoay.
BC HC 1: Tch phn bt nh

1. Giy A4, A3.
2. Vit long
Cc bc thc hnh:
1. Bn hy lit k 10 cng thc tch phn m bn cho rng l c bn ?
2. Lit k cc phng php tnh tch phn bt nh ?
3. Mc ch i bin s l g ? Lm sao bn bit t bin mi l ng hay sai ?
4. Bn hy cho 02 bi tp v tch phn bt nh c ng dng hai phng php
gii ?
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 57
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

Tiu ch
Khn
g
1. C 10 cng thc tch phn c bn

2. C hai v d mi v d c cch gii ng dng 01 phng php
3. C s dng hai phng php tnh tch phn
4. C lm cho hm s di du tch phn n gin hn theo bin
mi khng ?
5. Vi phn theo bin mi c xut hin trong hm s di du tch
phn c khng ?
6. i bin trong tch phn bt nh c tr li bin c khi v kt
qu
7. Tch phn bt nh c tnh theo vi phn hay o hm
8. Tch phn i bin, tch phn tng phn u tnh c
l nh tch phn c bn
9. Bn c phn no hiu r rng hn v cch tnh tch phn so vi
chng trnh ph thng
Nhn xt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 58
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
BC HC 2: Tch phn xc nh
Bi hng dn:
2. TCH PHN XC NH
I. NH NGHA TCH PHN XC NH

1. Bi ton din tch hnh thang cong
Cho hm s y = f(x) lin tc, n iu v khng m trn on [a, b]. Xt hnh
thang ABCD c gii hn bi cc ng thng x = a, x = b, trc ox v ng cong y
= f(x).
Ta chia on [a, b] mt cch tu thnh n on nh bi cc im chia
a = x0 < x1 < x2 < K < xk < xk +1 < K < xn = b
Trn mi on nh c chia [xi-1, xi ] ta dng mt hnh ch nht vi chiu rng l

xi = xi xi 1 v chiu cao l f ( i ) ( vi i ( xi 1 , xi ) ). Tng din tch ca n hnh ch
n
nht trn l: S n = f ( i ).xi ( chnh l din tch hnh bc thang nh hnh v H 3.1).
i =1
Nhn xt: Din tch ca hnh bc thang gn bng din tch ca hnh thang cong
ABCD khi n cng ln v cc on c chia cng nh. Do din tch S ca hnh
Sn =
thang ABCD cho l: S = lim
n
y
lim
max xi 0
f ( )x
i =1
C
D
A
O a
xi-1
H 3.1
B
xi b
2. nh ngha tch phn xc nh

Cho f(x) l hm s xc nh trn on [a, b], chia on [a, b] mt cch tu
thnh n on nh bi cc im chia
a = x 0 < x1 < x 2 < K < x < x k +1 < K < x n = b .
t d = max{xi } ( vi xi = xi xi 1 ), i = 1n.
Trn mi on [xi-1, xi] ly im i ( i = 1n )tu , lp tng I n = f ( i )xi

i =1
v gi l tng tch phn ca hm f(x) trn [a, b].

Tng im chia ln v hn ( n ) sao cho d 0 , nu trong qu trnh
In I
( hu hn ) m khng ph thuc vo cch chia on [a, b]

v cch ly im i th I c gi l tch phn xc nh ca hm f(x) trn [a, b].
b
K hiu: I = f ( x)dx = lim f ( i )xi

a
d 0
i =1
Khi ta ni hm f(x) kh tch trn [a, b].

Nhn xt:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 59
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
1.
f ( x)dx
nu c th ch ph thuc vo hm f(x) v hai cn a, b khng ph thuc vo
bin s, tc l
2.
b
f ( x)dx = f (t )dt .
Khi nh ngha tch phn xc nh ta coi a < b. Nu a > b th

b
f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx
a
v khi a = b th
f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx = 0 .
3. Theo nh ngha tch phn xc nh th din tch hnh thang cong m ta xt l:

b
S = f ( x)dx .
a
4. T nh ngha trn ngi ta chng minh c cc nh l sau:

nh l 1: Mi hm s f(x) lin tc trn [a, b]u kh tch trn on .
nh l 2: Nu trn on [a, b], hm s f(x) b chn v ch c mt s im gin
on th n kh tch trn on .
nh l 3: Nu hm s f(x) n iu v b chn trn on [a, b] th n kh tch
trn on .
nh ly 4: ( Cc tnh cht ca hm kh tch )
1. Nu hm s f(x) kh tch trn on [a, b] th cc hm f (x) v k.f(x) cng
kh tch trn on [a, b].
2. Nu hai hm s f(x) v g(x) kh tch trn on [a, b] th tng, hiu v tch ca
chng cng kh tch trn on [a, b].
3. Nu hm s f(x) kh tch trn on [a, b] th n kh tch trn mi on
[ , ] [a, b] . Ngc li, nu ta chia on [a, b] thnh cc on nh v f(x) kh tch
trn tng on nh th f(x) kh tch trn on [a, b].
2. TNH CHT CA TCH PHN XC NH
Gi s f(x) v g(x) l cc hm kh tch trn on [a, b], khi :
b
1.
kf ( x)dx = k f ( x)dx .
a
3.
[ f ( x) g ( x)]dx = f ( x)dx g ( x)dx .

a
2.
f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx + f ( x)dx .
4. Nu f ( x) g ( x) x [a, b] th
b
5.
Vi tch phn A1
f ( x)dx g ( x)dx .
f ( x )dx
a
f ( x ) dx .
trang 60
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
b
6. Nu m f ( x) M
x [a, b] th m(b a) f ( x)dx M (b a) .

a
7. ( nh l gi tr trung bnh ca hm s )
Nu hm s f(x) kh tch trn on [a, b] v m f ( x) M
x [a, b] th tn ti s
[m, M ] sao cho f ( x)dx = (b a) .

a
c bit: Nu hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a, b] th tn ti s
c [a, b ] sao cho f ( x)dx = f (c)(b a ) .

b
Gi tr f (c) =
1
f ( x)dx c gi l gi tr trung bnh ca hm s f(x).
b a a
K hiu: f .
3. CNG THC C BN CA TCH PHN XC NH
Gi s hm s f(x) kh tch trn on [a, b], khi f(x) cng kh tch trn on
x
[a, x] [a, b]. Ngha l tn ti tch phn
f (t )dt
v n l mt hm s theo bin
x.
x
K hiu: F ( x) = f (t )dt . Khi hm F(x) c cc tnh cht sau:

a
1/ Nu hm f(x) kh tch trn on [a, b] th F(x) lin tc trn on .

2/ Nu hm f(x) lin tc ti x th hm F(x) c o hm ti x v F ' ( x) = f ( x) .
nh l : ( Cng thc Newton-Leibniz )
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc trn [a, b] v F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca n th
b
f ( x)dx = F ( x)
b
a
= F (b) F (a ) .
Nhn xt: Cng thc ny cho php tnh tch phn xc nh thng qua nguyn
hm ca hm f(x) m khng cn s dng nh ngha, v nguyn tc ta c th tch c
tch phn xc nh.
4. NG DNG CA TCH PHN XC NH
4.1. Tnh din tch hnh phng
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a, b] th din tch hnh phng gii hn bi
th ca
hm s y = f(x) v cc ng thng x = a ; x = b ; y = 0 c tnh theo
cng thc:
b
S=
a
b
f ( x)dx khi f ( x) 0
a
f ( x) dx = b
.
f ( x)dx khi f ( x) 0

a
Vi tch phn A1
trang 61
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
o Nu cc hm s f(x) v g(x) lin tc trn on [a, b] th din tch hnh phng

gii hn bi th ca cc hm s y = f(x) ; y = g(x) v cc ng thng x = a ; x = b
b
c tnh theo cng thc: S = f ( x) g ( x) dx .

a
Nu phng trnh ng cong cho di dng x = ( y ) , ( y ) lin tc trn

on
[a, b] th din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng x = ( y ) ; y = a ; y = b v
x=0
b
c tnh theo cng thc: S = ( y ) dy .

a
x = (t )
th cng thc
y = (t )
Nu ng cong cho bi phng trnh tham s

b
S = f ( x) dx
a
t2
tr thnh
(t ). (t ) dt
'
trong t1, t2 ln lt l nghim ca cc phng
t1
trnh a = (t ) , b = (t ) v (t ) , (t ) , ' (t ) l cc hm s lin tc trn on [t1, t2].

V d : Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng y = x2 ( x 0 ) v y =
2 - x.
Gii
Giao im ca cc ng y = x2 ( x 0 ) v y = 2 - x l nghim ca h
y = x 2 (x 0)
y = 2 x
x = 1
y = 1
Vy din tch cn tm l
1
S = (2 x) x dx =
2
x2 x3
(2 x) x dx = 2 x
2
3
2
=
0
7
(vdt)
2
4.2. Tnh di ng cong phng

Cung cho bi ng cong c phng trnh y = f(x), trong f(x) l hm s
n tr v
c o hm lin tc trn on [a, b]. di cung AB, vi A(a, f(a)) v B(b, f(b))
c tnh theo cng thc: l = 1 + [ f ' ( x)] dx .

b
(t )
x = (t )
Cung cho bi ng cong c phng trnh
y = (t )
(a t b ) , trong
v (t ) l cc hm s c o hm lin tc trn on [a, b]. di cung AB, vi

A( ( a ), ( a )) v B ( (b), (b)) c tnh theo cng thc:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 62
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
[ (t )] + [ (t )] dt (vd).
b
L=
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
'
'
x = a(t sin t )
(0 t 2 )
y = a (1 sin t )
V d : Tnh di cung ca ng cycloide
Gii
x ' (t ) = a(1 cos t )

Ta c '
y (t ) = a sin t
] [
x ' (t ) + y ' (t ) = a 2 (2 2 cos t ) = 4a 2 sin 2

Vy di cung cn tm l :
2
t
2
= 2a sin 2t
l = 2a sin dt = 4a sin 2t d ( 2t ) = 4a cos 2t 0 = 8a (vd).

2
t
2
4.3. Tnh th tch vt th

Vt th bt k: L vt th c gii hn bi mt mt cong kn vi hai mt
phng x = a;
x = b vung gc vi ox. Gi s S(x) l din tch thit din gia vt th v mt phng
vung gc vi ox ti x ( x [a, b] ) v S(x) l hm s lin tc trn on [a, b]. Khi
b
th tch ca vt th c tnh theo cng thc: V = S ( x)dx .

a
Vt th trn xoay: L vt th c to ra khi quay hnh thang cong gii hn bi

ng
y = f(x), x = a, x = b v y = 0 quanh trc ox. Khi th tch vt th trn xoay c
b
tnh theo cng thc: V x = f 2 ( x)dx .

a
Ch : Vt th trn xoay c to ra khi quay hnh thang cong gii hn bi
ng
y = f(x), x = a, x = b v y = 0 quanh trc oy. Khi th tch vt th trn xoay c
b
tnh theo cng thc: V y = 2 xf ( x)dx .

a
V d : Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay do hnh phng gii hn bi ng y = 2x - x2 v

y = 0 khi:
1/ Xoay quanh trc ox.
2/ Xoay quanh trc oy.
Gii
Ta c ng y = 2x - x2 ct trc ox ti x = 0 v x = 2 nn ta c:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 63
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Vx = f 2 ( x)dx
0
= (2 x x 2 ) 2 dx
1/
= (4 x 4 x + x )dx
2
4 x3
x5
=
x4 +
3
5
16
=
15
0
2
2/
2
Vy = 2 xf ( x)dx = 2 x(2 x x 2 )dx

2 x 3 x 4 2 8
=
= 2 (2 x x )dx = 2
3
3
4
0
0
4.4. Tnh din tch mt trn xoay

Mt trn xoay l mt mt cong sinh ra do ta quay quanh trc ox mt cung
ng cong phng AB c phng trnh y = f(x), x [a, b] [ vi f(x) l hm s n tr
v c o hm lin tc trn on [a, b] ; A(a, f(a)), B(b, f(b))].
Din tch mt trn xoay c tnh theo cng thc:
S = 2 f ( x ) 1 + f ' ( x ) dx .
a
Ch :
1/ Nu quay ng cong phng quanh trc oy th:
b
S = 2 x 1 + f ' ( x ) dx .
a
2/ Nu ng cong phng cho bi phng trnh x = ( y ) , x [a, b] ( vi hm

s ( y ) l hm s n tr v c o hm lin tc trn [a, b] ). Khi ta c:
'
Khi quay quanh trc ox: S = 2 y 1 + ( y ) dy .
a
'
Khi quay quanh trc oy: S = 2 ( y ) 1 + ( y ) dy .
a
x = y 2
V d : Tnh din tch mt to nn khi quay ng parbol
0 y 1
quanh trc ox.
Gii
x ' ( y) = 2 y
2
1 + x ' ( y) = 1 + 4 y 2
Ta c
y = x (do y 0)
Vi tch phn A1
trang 64
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
1
S = 2 y 1 + 4 y 2 dy
0
Vy din tch cn tm l:
1 + 4 y 2 d (1 + 4 y 2 )
(1 + 4 y 2 )
4
3
2
3
2
=
0
(5 5 1)
Cu hi cng c:
1. Th no l tch phn xc nh ?
2. Hy trnh by cc cng thc c bn ca tch phn xc nh ?
3. Hy vit bn cng thc ng dng ca tch phn xc nh ?
Vi tch phn A1
trang 65
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
BC HC 2: Tch phn xc nh

1. Giy A4, A3.
2. Vit long
Cc bc thc hnh:
1. Cho hai v d: mt v d ng dng phng php i bin s, mt v d
ng dng mt trong bn cng thc ng dng ca tch phn tng phn xc nh ?
2. Hy so snh kt qu ca tch phn xc nh v tch phn bt nh?
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 66
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

Tiu ch
Khn
g
1. C hai v d: mt v d ng dng phng php i bin

s, mt v d ng dng mt trong bn cng thc ng dng
ca tch phn tng phn xc nh?
2. ng dng phng php i bin s trong qu trnh tnh
tch phn khng?
3. C s dng mt trong bn cng thc ng dng ca tch
phn xc nh khng ?
4. Kt qu tch phn xc nh c hu hn hay v hn ?
5. ng thi gian qui nh
6. Kt qu chnh xc v lp lun logc
7. S hp tc ca cc thnh vin trong nhm
Nhn xt: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 67
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
BC HC 3: ng dng tch phn tnh din tch hnh phng, di cung

phng v th tch vt th trn xoay?.

1. Giy A4, A3.
2. Vit long
Cc bc thc hnh:
1. Cho mt v d ng dng mt trong bn cng thc ng dng ca tch
phn tng phn xc nh ?
2. Hy cho bit s bt li khi s dng cng thc tnh di ca ng
cng phng?
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 68
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

Tiu ch
Khng
1. C mt v d tnh di cung phng khng?

2. C s dng o hm cp mt khng ?
3. C s dng cng thc tnh di cung phng chnh xc
khng ?
4. Kt qu tch phn xc nh c hu hn hay v hn ?
5. ng thi gian qui nh.
6. Kt qu chnh xc v lp lun logic.
7. S hp tc ca cc thnh vin trong nhm.
Nhn xt: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 69
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
KT QU HC TP 4: Kho st mt s bi ton v hi t hay phn

k bng s vn dng l thuyt tch phn suy rng loi I, loi II
* nh ngha tch phn suy rng:
+
a/
f ( x)dx : loi I.
b/
* im n: Xt cc vn v
f ( x)dx : loi II.
a+
Tch phn suy rng.
* Cc tiu chun hi t, phn k.
*Gii BT ng dng xt s hi
t v phn k ca tch phn:
+ Bng PP tnh trc tip.
+ Bng cc tiu chun.
Bi hng dn:
TCH PHN SUY RNG

I. TCH PHN SUY RNG LOI MT
nh ngha:
Gi s hm f(x) xc nh trn [a, + ) v kh tch trn mi on [a, b]. Gii hn
b
( nu c ) ca tch phn
f ( x)dx
khi b + gi l tch phn suy rng ca hm f(x)
trn [a, + ) , k hiu:
f ( x)dx .
a
Vy
f ( x)dx =
a
Nu lim
b+
Nu lim
b+
lim
b+
f ( x)dx .
a
f ( x)dx hu hn th
f ( x)dx v hn hoc khng tn ti th f ( x)dx phn .

a
f ( x)dx =
hi t v hm f(x) kh tch trn [a, + ) .
Tng t,
f ( x)dx
lim
f ( x)dx ( Tnh hi t v phn k cng tng t ).

b
f ( x)dx =
Tch phn
f ( x)dx +
f ( x)dx .
a
f ( x)dx hi t khi f ( x)dx

+
V d: 1/ Tnh I 1 =
xe
x2
f ( x)dx
hi t.
dx .
Vi tch phn A1
trang 70
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
+
2/ Xt s hi t ca tch phn I 2 =
dx
x
(a > 0, > 0) .
Gii
1/
b
1b 2
2
I1 = lim xe x dx = lim e x d ( x 2 )
b +
b +
0
20
.
1 x 2 b
2
1
1
= lim e = lim 1 e b =
b +
b
+
2
2
0
2
2. Nu 1 th
b
+ khi < 1
x 1
dx
1
1
1
=
.
I 2 = lim = lim
lim (b a ) = a 1
b+ x
b+ 1
khi > 1
a 1 b+
1
Nu = 1 th
b
I 2=
Vy I 2 =
( )
b
dx
dx
= lim = lim ln x a = lim (lnb ln a) = +.
b+
x b+ a x b+
dx
x
(a > 0, > 0) hi t khi
0 < 1 v phn k khi > 1 .
II TCH PHN SUY RNG LOI HAI

nh ngha:
Gi s f(x) l hm b chn v kh tch trn mi on [a, b ] ( > 0, b tu )
nhng khng b chn trn on [b , b] . Gii hn (nu c) ca tch phn
f ( x)dx
a
khi 0 gi l tch phn suy rng ca hm f(x) trn on [a, b].

b
f ( x)dx
K hiu:
Vy
f ( x)dx = lim
f ( x)dx .
Nu lim
0
Nu lim
0
f ( x)dx hu hn th
f ( x)dx
hi t v hm f(x) kh tch trn [a, b] .
f ( x)dx v hn hoc khng tn ti th f ( x)dx phn .
Tng t, nu f(x) l hm kh tch v b chn trn mi on [a + , b] nhng khng b

chn trn on [a, a + ] th
f ( x)dx = lim
f ( x)dx
( Tnh hi t v phn k cng
a+
tng t ).
b
f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx + f ( x)dx ( nu f(x) khng b chn ti c [a, b ] ).
Vi tch phn A1
trang 71
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
f ( x)dx
Tch phn
hi t khi
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx
hi t.
V d:
1
1/ Tnh I 1 =
dx
1 x2
.
1
dx
.
1
x
0
2/ Xt s hi t ca tch phn I 2 =
Gii
1/
1
dx
I1 = 2
1 x2
= 2 lim
= 2 lim arcsin x 0
0
dx
1 x2
) = 2 lim arcsin(1 ) .
0
= 2 arcsin1 =
2/
1
I 2 = lim
0
1 d (1 x)
dx
= lim
1 x 0 0 1 x
1
= lim ln(1 x) 0 = lim( ln ) = +

0
0
dx
phn k.
1
x
0
Vy I 2 =
3. IU KIN HI T CA TCH PHN SUY RNG

nh l:
Gi s f(x) v g(x) l cc hm kh tch trn mi on hu hn [a, b] v
0 f ( x) g ( x) x a , khi ta c:
Nu
g ( x)dx hi t th
a
Nu
f ( x)dx hi t v
f ( x)dx
g ( x)dx .
f ( x)dx phn k th g ( x)dx phn k .
nh l:
Gi s f(x) v g(x) l cc hm khng m v kh tch trn mi on hu hn [a,
f ( x)
b]. Khi , nu lim
= k (0 < k < + ) th cc tch phn
x + g ( x)
f ( x)dx
a
g ( x)dx
cng
hi t hoc cng phn k.

nh l:
+
Nu
f ( x) dx hi t th
f ( x)dx hi t.
a
nh ngha:
f ( x)dx c gi l hi t tuyt i nu
Vi tch phn A1
f ( x) dx hi t.
trang 72
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx
c gi l hi t tuyt i nu
hi t v
f ( x) dx phn
k.
V d: Xt s hi t ca cc tch phn sau y:
a)
(1 + x) 3 (1 + x )
v <
+
Suy ra:
1
0
(1 + x ) 3 (1 + x 2 )
7
1
=
v = > 1
6
x
x 1: f(x) =
1
x .x
1
phi hi t.
(1 + x) 3 (1 + x 2 )
1
cos 2 xdx
cos 2 x
, f(x) =
khi x 1 0
b)
3
3
(1 x 2 )
(1 x 2 )
0
cos 2 x
l mt VCL khi x 1 0
f(x) =
3
(1 x 2 )
cos 2 x
cos 2 x
1
=
.
chng t
f(x) =
2
2
3
3
(
1
x
)
(1 x )
(1 x )
2
1
1
cos x
f(x) =
l VCL ngang cp vi
v = < 1 .
2
3
(1 x )
3
(1 x )
1
cos 2 x

phi hi t.
3
(1 x 2 )
0
1
ln(1 + 3 x )
3) Xt sin x
dx
e 1
0
ln(1 + 3 x )
f(x) =
> 0, x(0; 1] khi x +0
esin x 1
ln(1 + 3 x ) x ; esin x 1 sin x x
1
1
3
1
ln(1 + 3 x )
x
lim sin x
= lim
= lim
= +
x +0
0
x +0
e 1
x
x
1
1
ln(1 + 3 x )
Khi x +0:
l
mt
VCL
ngang
cp
vi
=
.
esin x 1
x
( x 0)
2
V = < 1 th tch phn suy rng phi hi t.
3
+
+
sin xdx
sin x 1 v dx hi t,
4)
1:
0 x 3
x3
x3 x3
0
+
+
sin x
hi t tuyt i.
nn theo nh l 3 dx hi t tc sin xdx
3
x
x
0
0
1
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Cu hi cng c:
1. Th no l tch phn suy rng ?
2. C my loi tch phn suy rng ?
Vi tch phn A1
trang 73
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
3. Hy cho bit iu kin hi t ca tch phn suy rng?

BC HC 2: Tch phn suy rng

1. Giy A4, A3.
2. Vit long
Cc bc thc hnh:
1. Cho hai v d: mt v d v tch phn suy rng loi I v mt v d v tch
phn suy rng loi II
2. Hy s dng iu kin hi t ca tch phn suy rng xt s hi v phn
k ca hai v d va cho ?
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 74
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
Vi tch phn A1
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
trang 75
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7

Tiu ch
Khng
1. C mt v d tch phn suy rng loi I v mt v d

tch phn suy rng loi II khng?
2. C s dng tiu chun hi ca tch phn khng ?
4. S hp tc cc thnh vin trong nhm
5. Kt qu chnh xc v lp lun logic
Nhn xt: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
trang 76
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
KQHT 5: Kho st s hi t, phn k ca chui s dng.

Chui s - Chui hm:
+ nh ngha;
+ Cc php ton;
+ Cc tiu chun hi t.
So snh chui s v chui hm
im n: Xt cc vn v
Chui s v chui hm
Gii bi tp xt s
hi t v phn k:
+ Chui s;
+ Chui hm.
BC HC 1: Chui s, chui s dng, chui an du.

Bi hng dn:
CHNG V
L THUYT CHUI
1 KHI NIM M U
nh ngha 5.1
Cho dy s thc (un), n = 1, 2, 3... Biu thc
u
n =1
= u1 + u 2 + ... + u n + ...
(1)
c gi l chui. un c gi l s hng tng qut hay s hng th n ca chui (1).

Tng Sn = u1 + u2 + ... + un c gi l tng ring ca chui (1).
Nu Sn c gii hn S th chui (1) gi l chui hi t v c tng l S. Ta vit:
S = un .
n =1
Chui (1) khng hi t th gi l phn k.

V d 5.1: Xt s hi t ca cc chui sau:
1/
2/
q
n =0
.
1
ln1 + n .
n =1
Gii
1/ Ta c: S n = 1 + q + q 2 + ... + q n 1
1 q n
= 1 q
n
khi q 1
khi q = 1
1
chui hi t.
1 q
- Nu q > 1 lim S n = chui phn k.
- Nu q < 1 lim S n =
n
- Nu q = 1 lim S n =
n
Vi tch phn A1
chui phn k.
trang 77
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
- Nu q = 1 Sn khng c gii hn chui phn k.

Vy
hi t khi q < 1 v phn k khi q 1 .
n =0
n +1
= ln (n + 1) ln n
n
S n = (ln 2 ln 1) + (ln 3 ln 2 ) + ... + [ln (n + 1) ln n] = ln(n + 1)
2/ Ta c : u n = ln
lim S n = + chui phn k.

n
* Cc nh l:
nh l 5.1: Nu
u
n =1
hi t th lim u n = 0 .
H qu: Nu lim u n 0 th
n
V d 5.2:
u n v
n =1
n =1
phn k.
nh l 5.2: Nu hai chui
n + 1 phn k v lim n + 1 = 1 0 .
n =1
hi t v
n =1
n =1
n =1
vn hi t th cc chui
n =1
au n ;
n =1
(u
n =1
+ v n ) cng
= a u n , (u n + v n ) = u n + v n .
n =1
n =1
nh l 5.3:
Cho hai chui

Khi , chui
u n = u1 + u 2 + ... + u k + ... + u n + ... v

n =1
u n hi t khi v ch khi
n =1
m = k +1
m = k +1
= u k +1 + ... + u m + ...
hi t.
H qu:
Tnh hi t ca chui khng i nu ta b mt s hu hn cc s hng ca chui.
V d 5.3:
1
1
hi
t
hi t v
n
n
n =0 2
n=2 2
1
1 1 1
=
1 + =
n
n
2 2
n=2 2
n =0 2
BC HC 2: Cc tiu chun hi t ca chui .
CHUI S DNG
Bi hng dn:
nh ngha 5.2:
u
n =1
; u n > 0 n N c gi l chui s dng.
* Cc nh l :
nh l 5.4: Chui s dng
u
n =1
hi t tng ring Sn b chn trn.
nh l 5.5: ( Tiu chun so snh )
Cho hai chui
u
n =1
v
n =1
tho iu kin tn ti s dng N sao cho
0 < u n v n n N , khi :
Vi tch phn A1
trang 78
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
- Nu
- Nu
vn hi t th
n =1
u
n =1
V d 5.4:
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
u
n =1
hi t.
phn k th
n =1
phn k.
1
1
1
hi t v n n n n 0 v
n n
3 .e
3
n =1 3 .e
3
n =1
hi t.
nh l 5.6: ( Tiu chun so snh )
Cho hai chui s dng
u
n =1
v
n =1
. Nu lim
n
un
= k (0 < k < + ) th hai chui
vn
cng hi t hoc cng phn k.

V d 5.5:
1
ln1 +
1
n
phn k v lim
= 1 v
n
1
n =1 n
n
ln1 + n phn k.
n =1
nh l 5.7: ( Tiu chun D'Alembert )
Cho chui s dng
u
n =1
o Nu D < 1 th
o Nu D > 1 th
, gi s tn ti lim
n
hi t.
phn k.
n =1
n =1
u n +1
= D . Khi :
un
V d 5.6:
u n +1
(n + 1)n+1 n! = lim n + 1 = lim1 + 1 = e > 1
nn
phn
k
v
lim
=
lim
n u
n (n + 1)! n n
n
n
n
n
n =1 n!
n
n
nh l 5.8: ( Tiu chun Cauchy )
Cho chui s dng
u
n =1
o Nu C < 1 th
o Nu C > 1 th
v gi s tn ti lim n u n = C . Khi :
hi t.
phn k.
n =1
n =1
n
1
n
=
V d 5.7:
phn k v lim n u n = lim
n
3n + 1 3
n =1 3n + 1
nh l 5.9: ( Tiu chun tch phn )

Cho hm s f ( x) dng, lin tc v gim trn [a; + ]. Khi :
Chui s
k =0
f (a + k ) cng hi hoc cng phn k vi f ( x)dx .
V d 5.8:
1
1
phn k v hm s f ( x) = lin tc, dng, gim trn [2;+] v
x
n =2 n
x dx
2
phn k.
Vi tch phn A1
trang 79
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
V.3 CHUI AN DU
nh ngha 5.3:
Chui an du l chui c dng:
( 1)
n +1
n =1
u n = u1 u 2 + ... + ( 1)
n +1
u n + ... vi un >
0 n N .
nh l 5.10: ( Tiu chun Leibnitz )
( 1)
Cho chui an du
n +1
n =1
( 1)
n +1
n =1
u n , nu u n +1 u n 0 n N v lim u n = 0 th chui
n
u n hi t.
V d 5.9:
Chui
( 1)
n +1
n =1
lim
n
1
1
1
1
hi t v u n +1 u n =
=
0 n N v
n +1 n
n(n + 1)
n
1
= 0.
n
nh l 5.11: Nu chui
u
n =1
hi t th chui
u
n =1
V d 5.10:
cos n
cos n
1
hi t v
2 n N m
2
2
n
n
n
n =1
cos n
hi t
hi t.
n2
n =1
Chui
Ch : Nu chui
u
n =1
u
n =1
hi t.
1
cos n
hi
t
2
n2
n =1 n
n =1
phn k theo tiu chun DAlembert hay Cauchy th
cng phn k.
V d 5.11:
n!
n!
n +1 n!
(
)
phn
k
v
=
phn k
1
n
n
n
2
2
n =1
n =1
n =1 2
(n + 1)! 2 n = lim n + 1 = + ).
= lim n +1 .
n 2
n! n 2
Chui
u n +1
n u
n
( lim
( 1)
n +1
nh ngha 5.4:
Nu chui
Nu chui
u n hi t th chui
u n hi t m chui
u n phn k th chui
n =1
n =1
n =1
n =1
gi l hi t tuyt i.
u
n =1
gi l bn hi
t.
V d 5.12:
Chui
n =1
n =1
n +1 1
n +1 1
( 1) n hi t nhng khng hi t tuyt i nn chui ( 1) n bn
hi t.
Cu hi cng c:
Vi tch phn A1
trang 80
Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
1. Hy cho bit chui s l g?

2. Th no l chui s hi t, phn k ?
3. Hy nu cc tiu chun hi t v phn k ? Theo bn th tiu chun no l
thng dng nht trong ton hc ?
4. Th no l chui an du v chui an du hi t theo tiu chun no ?
5. Bn hiu th no l mt chui s hi t tuyt i, bn hi t ?
KT QU HC TP 6: Tnh tng ca chui hm hi t.

Chui ly tha:
+ Chui c tm bt k;
+ Chui c tm chnh tc.
* im n: Xt cc
Chui hm hi t
Bi tp:
Tm min hi t v bn knh
hi t ca chui t suy
tng ca chng.
Bi hng dn:
CHUI LY THA
I. CHUI HM
L chui m mi s hng ca n u l nhng hm s ca bin s x.
U
n =1
(x ) = U1(x) + U2(x) + U3(x) + + Un(x) + ..
U n (x) cho x = x0:

n =1
U
n =1
(x 0 ) . Nu chui s hi t, th x = x0 l im hi
t, tp hp tt c cc im hi t ca gi l min hi t ca chui theo bin
U
n =1
(x)
l hm S(x) c xc nh trong min hi t ca chui:

S(x) = U1(x) + U2(x) + U3(x) + + Un(x) + .. =
U
n =1
(x 0 )
II. CHUI LU THA:

nh ngha 5.5:
Chui lu tha l chui c dng:
a
n =0
x n = a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x + ... + a n x n + ...
* Min hi t:
nh l 5.13: ( nh l Abel )
Nu chui
a
n =0
x n hi t ti x0 0 th n hi t tuyt i ti mi x m x < x 0 .
Nhn xt: Nu chui
a
n =0
x n phn k ti x1 0 th n s phn k ti mi x m
x > x1 .
Vi tch phn A1
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Theo nh lAbel, s tn ti s r 0 chui
n =0
x n hi t tuyt i trong (-r;
r) v phn k trong cc khong ( ; r ), (r ; + ) . Cn ti x = r th chui
a
n =0
x n c
th hi t hay phn k.
S r ni trn gi l bn knh hi t ca chui
a
n =0
khong hi t ca chui
a
n =0
x n . Khong (-r; r) gi l
xn .
Vy mun tm min hi t, trc ht ta tm khong hi t v sau ta xt tnh

hi t ca chui ti x = r .
* Qui tc tm bn knh hi t:
Cho chui
a
n =0
a n +1
= l hoc lim n a n = l
n a
n
n
x n , nu lim
(0 l + ) th bn knh
1
l khi 0 < l < +
hi t: r = 0 khi l = +
+ khi l = 0
V d 5.13: Tm min hi t ca cc chui sau:
xn
n =1 n
1/
2/
n =1
( x + 2 )n
n.3 n
Gii
1/ Ta c: lim
n
a n +1
n
= lim
= 1 khong hi t (-1; 1).
n
an
n +1
Khi x = 1 chui
n
n =1
phn k.
1
hi t.
n
n =1
Vy min hi t ca chui l: 1 x < 1 .
Xn
2/ t X = x + 2, xt chui n
n =1 n.3
Khi x = - 1 chui
( 1)
a n +1
n
1
= lim
= khong hi t ca chui
n a
n 3( n + 1)
3
n
Ta c: lim
Khi X = 3 chui
Khi X = - 3 chui
n
n =1
Vi tch phn A1
Xn
n =1
l (-3; 3).
phn k.
( 1)
n =1
n.3
1
hi t.
n
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Xn
min hi t ca chui n l 3 X < 3 .
n =1 n.3
n
(
x + 2)
l:
Vy min hi t ca chui
n
n =1
n.3
5 x < 1.
* Cc tnh cht ca chui lu tha:
Cho chui
n =0
n =0
an x n , khong hi t (-r; r) v c tng l f(x) = an x n . Khi :
1. f(x) l hm lin tc trong (-r; r).

2. C th ly o hm tng s hng ca chui
an x n , chui mi
n =0
na
n =1
x n 1
cng c khong hi t l (-r; r).

3. C th ly tch phn tng s hng ca chui
a
n =0
chui mi
xn ,
a n n +1
cng c khong hi t l (-r; r).
x
n =0 n + 1
f ( x)dx =
V d 5.14: Tnh tng ca chui
nx
n =1
Gii
Min hi t ca chui l: (-1; 1).
Gi S(x) = x + 2x2 + 3x3 ++ nxn + = x(1 + 2x + 3x2 ++ nxn-1 +)
=x.S1(x).
x
S1 ( x) = x + x 2 + x 3 + ... + x n + ... S1 ( x) =
0
x
1 x
(do
x < 1) .
'
1
x
.
S1 ( x ) =
=
2
1 x (1 x )
x
Vy S ( x) =
.
(1 x )2
Cu hi cng c
1. Bn hiu th no l mt chui hm ?
2. C my loi chui ly tha ?
3. Hy trnh by cc bc tm min hi t ca mt chui hm ?
Thc hnh:
Sinh vin t cho hai chui ly tha: mt chui c tm v mt chui khng tm
ri tin hnh tm min hi t ca hai chui
Vi tch phn A1
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PHN HNG DN THC HNH

KQHT 6 : Tnh tng ca chui hm hi t
BC HC : Thc hnh tm min hi t v bn knh hi ca
chui ly tha
1. Giy A0
2. Vit long
Cc bc thc hnh:
1. Xc nh dng chui.
2. Xc nh cc h trong chui.
3. Xc nh tiu chun tnh bn knh hi t
4. Xt hai u on ca min hi t.
5. Xc nh min hi t ca chui ly tha.
Kt lun / Tho lun:
Vi tch phn A1
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh
QT7.1/PTCT1-BM-7
Tiu ch
Khng
1. Xc nh dng chui
2. Xc nh cc h trong chui
3. Xc nh tiu chun tnh bn knh hi t
4. Xt hai u on ca min hi t
5. Xc nh min hi t ca chui ly tha.
7. S hp tc ca cc thnh vin trong nhm
8. Kt qu chnh xc v lp lun logc
Nhn xt: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vi tch phn A1
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh
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TI LIU THAM KHO

TI LIU THAM KHO BIN SON NI DUNG MN HC
[1] T Ngc t- Nguyn nh Tr: Ton cao cp Tp II. Nh xut bn gio

dc,1999.
[2] L Vn Ht: Ton cao cp PII. T sch i hc Kinh t, 2004.
[3] L Phng Qun: Vi tch phn B, i hc Cn Th, 2002
[4] Nguyn Vit ng- Trn Ngc Hi: Ton cao cp B v C. i hc m bn
cng TPHCM, 2005.
[5] Phan Vn Ba inh Thnh Ha: Bi tp Gii tch. i hc Cn Th
[6] Nguyn Thanh Bnh-L Vn Sng, i s tuyn tnh, i hc Cn Th.
[7] Nguyn Vit ng-L Th Thin Hng-Nguyn Anh Tun-L Anh V, Bi
tp ton cao cp, tp 1 v 2 - NXB Gio Dc
[8] Trn Vn Ho, i s tuyn tnh, NXB Khoa hc K thut, 1997.
[9] L Ngc Lng (ch bin) n thi hc k v thi vo giai on 2, NXB Gio
dc, 1997.
TI LIU THAM KHO NGH CHO HC VIN
[1] T Ngc t- Nguyn nh Tr: Ton cao cp Tp II. Nh xut bn gio

dc,1999.
[2] L Vn Ht: Ton cao cp PII. T sch i hc Kinh t, 2004.
[3] L Phng Qun: Vi tch phn B, i hc Cn Th, 2002.
[4] Nguyn Vit ng- Trn Ngc Hi: Ton cao cp B v C. i hc m bn
cng TPHCM, 2005.
[5] Phan Vn Ba inh Thnh Ha: Bi tp Gii tch. i hc Cn Th.
[6] Gio trnh vi tch phn A1- i hc Tr Vinh, 2006.
[7] Phan Quc Khnh, Php tnh vi phn tp 1 v 2, NXB Gio dc, 1997
[8] L Ngc Lng (ch bin) n thi hc k v thi vo giai on 2, NXB Gio
dc, 1997.
[9] Trn Vn Ho, i s tuyn tnh, NXB Khoa hc K thut, 1997.
Vi tch phn A1
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Trng i hc Tr Vinh

Vi tch phn A1 c thit k trong nhm kin thc c

- Hin din trn lp: 10 % im ( Danh sch cc bui tho

c hy khi danh sch im thi ht mn c cng b.

KQHT 1: Xc nh cc kin thc c bn v gii hn dy s v

2.2 Cng thc c

Phng tin, ti liu, ni hc v

* Vit chnh xc cng

3. Tnh tch phn i

3.1 nh ngha tch

+ Giy A4, A0, vit lng, bng keo

3.2 C bao nhiu pp

+ Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

+ Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

+ Bng, phn, Giy A0, vit lng,

5.2 Trnh by cc tiu + Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

+ Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

+ Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

+ Giy A0, vit lng, bng keo.

- Cc bi ton tnh gii hn; Xt tnh lin tc; gin on

NI DUNG CHI TIT MN HC

BC HC 1: Trnh by cc kin thc b sung v cc trng s

Mt s hu t bao gi cng vit c di dng mt s thp phn hu hn hay

Ngc li, cho mt s thp phn hu hn hay v hn tun hon th n s biu

S thp phn v hn tun hon a0,a1,a2an (b1b2bm) s biu th s hu t

Nh vy c s ng nht gia tp s hu t v tp cc s thp phn v hn tun

ng thng thc ( trc s ): Trn ng thng ly im O lm gc v chn

z1 .z 2 = (a1 a 2 b1b2 ) + i (a1b2 + a 2 b1 )

Dng lng gic ca s phc

Gc = Ox, OM c xc nh sai khc nhau 2k ; k Z gi l argumen,

V d 4: Biu din s phc z = 1 + i di dng lng gic.

z = r (cos + i sin ); z1 = r1 (cos 1 + i sin 1 ); z 2 = r2 (cos 2 + i sin 2 ) .

z1 .z 2 = r1 .z 2 [cos(1 + 2 ) + i sin (1 + 2 )] z1 .z 2 = z1 z 2 ; Arg (z1 .z 2 ) = Argz1 + Argz 2 + 2k

z n = r n [cos n + i sin n ] z n = z ; Arg (z n ) = nArgz + 2k

Biu din u di dng u = (cos + i sin ) .

III. KHONG - LN CN.

BC HC 2: Trnh by cc nh ngha v gii hn dy s.

Tht vy, xt hm s f(x) = sin(ax + b).

S T dng nh nht ng vi k = 1 ( hoc k = -1), do ta c T =

ca hm s f(x) = sin(ax + b).

vi y = f(x). V du 7: Ham so y = x3 co ham ngc la y = x .

y = cosx l hm gim nghim ngt trn [0; ] nn n c hm ngc x = arccosy.

< x < ) l y = arctgx, th ca n i xng vi

y = arccotgx: y = cotgx gim nghim ngt trn (0,) nn n c hm

K hiu: lim x n = a hay xn a khi n .

V d 2: Chng minh rng lim x n = lim

> 0, ta xt x n 1 = n 1 = 1 < n > 1 1

Vy > 0 (b ty ), N = [ -1]sao cho n > N

V d 3: Chng minh rng lim x n = lim 5 n =

= 5n = 5n > M n > log M

sao cho n > N x n > p (hay xn < q).

5. Cho ba dy s {xn}, {yn}, {zn} tho xn yn zn n. Khi , nu

6. Gi s {xn}, {yn} l cc dy s hi t, khi ta c :

Dy s {xn . yn} cng hi t v lim x .y = lim x n . lim y n .

BC HC 3: Trnh by cc vn v gii hn hm.

K hiu: lim f(x) = L hay f(x) L khi x x0.

nh ngha 3: S L c gi l gii hn phi ( tri ) ca hm s f(x) khi x x0 nu

sinx < x < > 0, b ty :

> 0, > : 0 < x 3 <

3. Nu f(x) = C ( C l hng s) th lim f(x) = lim f(x) = C .

4. Gi s f(x), g(x) v h(x) l nhng hm s c xc nh trong mt ln cn

5. - Gi s hm s f(x) xc nh ti mi x dng ln tu , khi nu hm f(x)

f ( x) = L lim f(x) = L = lim f(x) = L .