Khmer Consonants Full Form Subscript eae 7eRB* a Rnggrnrang ae > Vowels Independent Page 96 Romanization g k g kh g 8 a gh 9 a 2 © g ch B j a jh gorg i a t g th g q a gh & a Q t Q th Romanization Khmer Full Form — Subscript Romanization ¢ “gex» 2naeg Be szegynre Independent Gor? Zorg eoe g a g oh g n gy P g Ph g b 8g bh g m q y e r g 1 9 v B gy 8 gq s g h 7 1 g 4 Romanization ALA-LC Romanization TablesKhmer Vowels Dependent Romanization Dependent Romanization a Oa a Dua oo oao 18 Doe ad a0 ij Dya fo oan 1d) Sia a oa to ne oa ao to Gae B ai io ai a oF im D0 t ay tor cau 8 oF a Cam 9 ou at Cah Q ou a: oa Diacritical Marks Vernacular Alternative Romanization B R 1 (hard sign) 8 3 * (soft sign (prime)) 5 ro 6 0° (circle above) a co? (alif) fi O* (ayn) Q 2° Got above) Notes 1. In the consonant portion of this romanization table, the special character 0 shows the position of a Khmer script character below which a subscript character is written. A subscript character is always romanized after a full form character, without an intervening vowel, as in fi9% (krakhvdk). 2 When €0 (i) occurs with a subscript character, the lower element is omitted, as in ff (fj). When {@ occurs as its own subscript, it takes the full form €, as in AEM (kara). Otherwise, the subscript has the form of the lower element alone, as in 9 (ki). 3. The consonant U (p), followed by the vowel 7 (@), takes the special form gp. ALA-LC Romanization Tables Page 97Khmer 10, In the vowel columns, 0 shows the position of the consonant relative to the vowel. This applies to both the Khmer vernacular and to the romanization columns. It should be noted that © in the Khmer vernacular column can also represent a final consonant with no vowel following, in which case it is romanized simply as 0 , as in (dab). ‘The consonants * (mm), and 3 (jt) are always preceded by a vowel, but, being finals, never themselves bear a vowel. Vowels other than a may precede them, as in ° (tum), Wt (seh). The diacritics " and ~ are romanized by ” and / respectively, immediately following the consonant they modify. ‘They have the alternative form when they co-occur with one of the superscript vowels“, “, *, and“. When 9) co-occurs with one of the superscript vowels and with one of the consonants 4, €, ¥, tU, 3, 7, or U, it is romanized as ”, as in t (pT). When 9 co-occurs with one of the superscript vowels and with one of the consonants NY, U1, or H, it is romanized / , as in 8Y (5/7). Otherwise, 9 represents the vowel u, as in 8 (mun). The diacritics 0°, 0, G*, and O° in the romanization column arg, placed after the last letter of the word in which they occur, as in ayes (ksatriy”); BF (cah”); £ (a); AGB (Gatman"). ‘Conventional signs are: J , romanized by repeating the preceding word or phrase; 7007 romanized as. ; 707, romanized as.p.; — , romanized by means of a hyphen (- ); #, romanized by means ofacolon(:), and 7 and ¥ , romanized by means of a period (. ). ‘The signs @ and em are omitted in romanization. ‘The numerals are: o (0), « (1), 'o (2), o (3), 6 (4), & (5), » (6), 69 (7), & (8), and « (9). Khmer words are not written separately and spacing occurs only after longer phrases. When romanizing, the shortest written form which can stand alone as a word is treated as such. This applies also to Pali and Sanskrit loan-words. Other loan-words are divided as the original language. SPECIAL CHARACTERS AND CHARACTER MODIFIERS IN ROMANIZATION Special Characters Name USMARC hexadecimal code a soft sign (prime) AT 7 alif AE J ayn BO ” hard sign (double prime) BT Character Modifiers Name USMARC hexadecimal code a grave El 6 acute E2 6 circumflex B3 a tilde E4 a macron ES cl breve E6 a dot above ET 4 circle above EA 9 dot below F2 9 circle below F4 page 98 ALA-LC Romanization Tables