Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Li gii thiu.
Thng tin di ng t lu tr thnh mt phng tin hu
hiu v thun tin trong ton h thng thng tin vin thng. Tuy
nhin, h thng thng tin di ng GSM mi ch c nghin cu
cch y khng lu. N c k tha nhng tnh u vit ca
thng tin di ng tng t v nhng tinh t nht ca thng tin s
to thnh mt phn ca mng thng minh. Trong nhng nm gn
y thng tin di ng c ng dng trong lnh vc thng tin
v tuyn. Ngnh thng tin ny bt u pht trin bng pht
minh th nghim v sng in t ca Hertz v in bo v
tuyn ca Marconi vo thi k u ca pht minh v tuyn.
Thng tin di ng pht trin nhanh theo nhu cu ca thng tin x
hi ngy cng tng v i hi cao vi cc dch v a dng khng
ngng ci tin v b xung.
Trong phm vi bo co ny khng th i su vo chi tit
vn m ch gii thiu mt s k thut chnh trong mng
thng tin di ng s GSM.
Ni dung n gm c 3 phn:
Phn I:Gii thiu tng qut mng GSM
Chng I: Lch s thng tin di ng v gii thiu c tnh, tnh nng ca
mng thng tin di ng s GSM
Chng II: Gii thiu cu trc h thng
-1-
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-2-
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-3-
ti M nm 1979.
+ NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone System): L h thng in
tn s 1800MHz.
+ CDMA(Code Division Multi Access): Trong tng lai.
Nc
H thng
Bng
Thi im
tn
vn hnh
S thu bao
(ngn thu
Anh
TACS
450
1981
bao)
1200
Bc u
NMT
NMT
900
1985
1300
450
1989
90
450-900
1985
300
Php
Radio
Com200
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-4-
RTMS
450
1985
60
c
Thu in
TACS
C450
NMT
NMT
1990
1985
1987
1985
560
600
180
H Lan
900
450
900
450
NMT
900
450
1989
1984
TACS
NMT
900
450
1990
1982
60
60
TACS
900
1990
60
Italia
o
Ty
Nha
Ban
130
60
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-5-
-6-
V mt k thut:
Mt s mc ch ca H thng sng t mt trong
c cc nc c mng.
-
Cht lng ca ting thoi trong GSM phi t nht c cht lng
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-7-
-8-
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
Hnh v 1
Yu t th nht:
Chng ta u bit rng vic truyn lan ca sng in t
c mt s c im:
-
-9-
Yu t th hai: V di tn
Cc trm thu pht ca Cell ch c cung cp 1 s tn s gii
Rx
45
MHz
CU
Tx
960
MHz
960
MHz
200
MHz
1880
MHz
GSM
m
rng
GSM
c s
DCS
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 10 935
MHz
927
MHz
1805
MHz
Bng tn ln (Uplinkband)
915
MHz
890
MHz
915
MHz
1785 MHz
882
MHz
1710
MHz
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 11 -
hn.
1.4.2.
Cc dch v thoi :
-
Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra.
Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra quc t.
tr.
-
Cm tt c cc cuc gi n.
Gi cuc gi.
i gi.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 12 -
Dch v ba pha.
Thng bo cc ph.
Cc dch v s liu:
-
Truyn dn s liu
Dch v hp th thoi
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 13 -
IDN
SS
AUC
PSPDN
PSTN
VLR
PLMN
HLR
EIR
MSC
OSS
CSPDN
BSS
BSC
BTS
MS
Cc k hiu :
SS: H thng chuyn mch
AUC: Trung tm nhn thc
VLR: B ghi nh v tm tr
HLR: B ghi nh v thng tr
EIR: Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b
MSC:Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng( gi
tt l tng i v tuyn)
BSS: H thng trm gc
BTS: Trm thu pht gc
BSC: H thng iu khin trm gc
MS: Trm di ng
OMC: Trung tm khai thc v bo dng
ISDN: Mng lin kt a dch v
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 14 -
ISND
X
PTSN
GMSC
- 15 -
c.
8 (cell):
8 thuc vng nh v v l mt vng bao ph v tuyn c
- 16 -
(GMSC).
-
B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR)
- 17 -
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 18 -
AXE 10
Giao tip
A
RBS 200
RBS 200
RBS 200
- 19 -
FU1
BST
2 FU2
Abis
Interface
TCU1
Link
DTC1
DTC2
DTC3
TCU2
MSC
PCM
30*13Kb/
s
TCU1
TCU2
SWITCHING
MATRIX
FU1
TCU
FU2
TCU
FUN
TCU
DTC16
BST
3
CPR
Mainterian
ce
Terminal
CPR
OMI
X25 or
RS232
X25
OMC/R
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 20 -
- 21 -
cuc gi mt, s lng chuyn giao thnh cng v tht bi, lu lng
mt ) nhm pht hin cc s c mng v tuyn v s c thit
b m bo vic cu hnh li h thng ng n.
-
RBS v iu khin gim st cht lng RBS bng cch kim tra
phn mm bn trong v kim tra u vng ng ting ).
-
ti gia cc ca mnh).
-
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 22 -
BSC Base
Station
Interfac
e
Unit
CA
OMUA
Frame
Unit
Carrier
Unit
Frequen
cy
Hopping
Unit
Base band
Carrier
Unit
Transmissio
n
Antena
Compile
r
Receiver
Antena
Control
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 23 -
bo co li; s c ni thng).
-
ng b (chun tn s, s khung ).
bo mc tin cy cao.
-
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 24 -
- 25 MS
MS
hiu phn x khc fa, khc bin . Nhng tn hiu ny khi cng
li nh cc vct to nn mt vct tng gn bng khng c nghi
l cng tn hiu bng 0. y l ch trng pha nghim trng.
mt khong cch nht nh Xm so vi Tx, tn hiu thu c
minh ho nh sau:
Gi tr trung bnh
chung
Gi tr trung bnh
cc b
D
tr
padin
h
Ch trng padinh
nhy my thu
X
X+
10
X+
15
- 26 -
BTS
ci thin my thu v cht lng ca tn hiu thu, c 4 phng n thc hin nh sau:
a. Phn tp anten:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 27 -
Tn
hiu 1
CTH
SS
Tn
hiu 2
b. Nhy tn:
Vi pha inh raile, mu phainh ph thuc vo tn s
ngha l ch trng phainh xy ra cc v tr khc nhau i vi
cc tn s khc nhau. Nh vy ta c th thay i tn s sng
mang trong mt s tn s khi cuc gi ang tin hnh, khi gp
ch trng phainh ch mt phn thng tin b mt. khi phc
li thng tin hon thin ta dng phng php sau:
c. M ho knh:
truyn dn s ngi ta o cht lng ca tn hiu c ch
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 28 -
B xung
Gi i
000
0000
111
1111
0010
Quyt nh: 0
0110
0111
1110
- 29 -
Cc khi bn tin
ghp xen
Cc khi bn
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 tin c ghp
xen
Mt khung
57
1 26
57
M hnh truyn dn
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 30 -
My
pht
My thu
ti u
Knh
(t)
t
(a) Khng c phn
x
t
(b) c mt phn x
- 31 -
Lng t Ly mu
M ho
ng truyn
PCM 64 kb/s
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 32 -
MS1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MS2
MS2
MS5
TDMA
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 33 -
260bit.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 34 -
ng ln (MS-BTS) : 890-915MHz.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 35 -
im ti a im.
-
SOCCH hay trc tip mt TCH cho MS, knh ng xung im im.
+ Cc knh iu khin ring:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 36 -
SOCCH hoc mt TCH, l knh s liu lin tc mang thng tin lin
tc nh cc thng bo o c t trm MS v cng tn hiu thu
t hin thi v cc trm ln cn, thng tin ny cn cho
chuyn giao v iu chnh cng sut MS v ng b thi
gian. Knh ln xung im-im.
-
2.2. Cm:
ly cp.
-
u v cui mu bit.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 37 -
dch ln hay dch xung trong gii hn do khuyn ngh GMS qui
nh.
*
Cc bit c nh 0
142
TB GP
3 8,25
0,577 ms
156,25 bit
Chui ng b
41
Cc bit c mt
TB GP
m
3 8,25
36
- 38 -
7012
701
Cc khung
TDMA
FS B C FS C C FS C C FS C
BCCH CCCH ng xung
C FS C
7012
701
RRRRRRRRR
SDCCH + SACCH ng ln
- 39 -
- 40 -
nh nhn dng BTS BSIC pht SCH trn Ts0, Co. Trong thi
gian khung trng (ICLE) TCHC, TDMA-267, BSIC cho BTS ln
cn c.
* Nguyn l o MS:
24
25
012
45
MHz
7012
012
IDLE
Down link
012
7012
012
Up link
24
25
Tt my:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 41 -
MS bn:
Mng v tuyn c mt knh thng tin (knh ting) dnh cho
- 42 -
nhau:
Ta bit rng MS khng h bit cu hnh ca mng cha n.
gi cho MS thng tin v v tr chnh xc ca n h thng gi
i nhn dng vng nh v (LAI) lin tc giao tip v tuyn
bng BCCH.
Khi i vo cell Thuc BSC khc MS s nhn thy vng mi
bng cch thu BCCH. V thng tin v v tr c tm quan trng ln
nn mng phi thng bo v s thy i ny, in thoi di
ng qu trnh ny c gi l ng k cng bc. MS khng
cn cch no khc l phi c gng thm nhp vo mng cp
nt v t ca mnh MSC/VLR. Qu trnh ny c gi l cp
nht v tr.
Sau khi pht v tr mi ca mnh ln mng, MS tip tc
chuyn ng trong vng mi nh m t trn.
-
- 43 -
HLR
(6) tip nhn
xo
(3) tip nhn v
tr
MSC
(2) Yu cu cp
nht v tr
(1) Yu cu nht
v tr
VLR
MSC
(4) Cng nhn
cp nht v tr
- 44 -
- 45 -
GSM/PLMN
MSISDN IMSI
-
- 46 -
- 47 -
- 48 -
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 49 -
Mc phc v.
S ph a l.
Tt c nhng yu t trn to ra s liu ban u cho vic
- 50 -
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 51 -
tn s v n nh v tr knh lgc.
-
Phn x C/R.
ng v tuyn.
-
o c v tuyn.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 52 -
Lu Lng
Phn b:
Knh
i trm
2
3
1
S liu i
trm d kin
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
S chun quy
nh knh logic
D on truyn sng
v tuyn
nh gi phn tn thi
gian
C/(I + R + A)
Kho st i
trm
Cc thng s
nh v
S mng
o c v
tuyn
Cc d n cui
cng
S liu thit k
(cc thng s)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 53 -
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 54 -
Ch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
1%
2%
.01010
.15259
.45549
.86942
1.3608
1.9090
2.5009
3.1276
3.7825
4.4612
51599
5.8760
6.6072
7.3517
8.1080
8.8750
9.6516
10.437
11.230
12.031
12.838
13.651
14.470
15.292
16.125
16.959
17.797
18.640
19.487
20.337
21.191
22.048
22.909
23.772
24.638
25.507
26.378
27.252
28.129
29.007
30.771
.02041
.22347
.60221
1.0923
1.6571
2.2759
2.9354
3.6271
4.3447
5.0840
5.8415
6.6147
7.4015
8.2003
9.0096
9.8284
10.656
11.491
12.333
13.182
14.036
14.896
15.761
16.631
17.505
18.383
19.265
20.150
21.039
21.932
22.827
23.725
24.626
25.529
26.435
27.343
28.254
29.166
30.081
30.997
31.916
.05263
.38123
.89940
1.5246
2.2185
2.9603
3.7378
4.5430
5.3702
6.2157
7.0764
7.9501
8.8349
9.7295
10.633
11.544
12.461
13.385
14.315
15.249
16.198
17.132
18.080
19.031
19.985
20.943
21.904
22.867
23.833
24.802
25.773
26.746
27.721
28.698
29.677
30.657
31.640
32.624
33.609
34.596
35.584
.11111
.59543
1.2708
2.0454
2.8811
3.7584
4.6662
5.5971
6.5464
7.5106
8.4871
9.4740
10.470
11.473
12.484
13.500
14.522
15.548
16.579
17.613
18.651
19.692
20.737
21.784
22.833
23.885
24.939
25.995
27.053
28.113
29.174
30.237
31.301
32.367
33.434
34.503
35.572
36.643
37.715
38.787
39.861
20%
40%
Ch
.25000
1.0000
1.9299
2.9452
4.0104
5.1086
6.2302
7.3692
8.5217
9.6850
10.857
12.036
13.222
14.314
15.608
16.807
18.010
19.216
20.424
21.635
22.848
24.064
25.281
26.499
27.720
28.941
30.164
31.388
32.614
33.840
35.067
36.295
37.524
38.754
39.985
41.216
42.468
43.680
44.913
46.147
47.381
.66667
2.0000
3.4796
5.0210
6.5955
8.1907
9.7998
11.419
13.045
14.677
16.414
17.954
19.596
21.243
22.891
24.541
26.192
27.844
29.498
31.152
32.808
34.464
36.121
37.779
39.437
41.096
42.755
44.414
47.735
49.395
51.056
52.718
54.379
56.041
57.703
59.365
61.027
62.690
64.353
64.353
66.016
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 55 -
31.656
32.543
33.423
34.322
35.251
36.109
37.004
37.901
37.901
38.800
32.836
33.758
34.682
35.607
36.534
37.462
38.392
39.323
40.255
41.189
34.305
35.253
36.203
37.155
38.108
39.062
40.018
40.975
41.933
42.892
36.574
37.565
38.557
39.550
40.545
41.540
42.537
43.534
44.533
45.533
40.936
42.011
43.088
44.165
45.243
46.322
47.401
48.481
49.542
50.644
48.616
49.851
51.086
53.559
54.796
56.033
57.270
58.508
59.764
59.764
67.679
69.342
71.006
72.669
74.333
75.997
77.660
79.423
80.968
82.652
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Ch
1%
2%
3%
9%
10%
20%
40%
Ch
Lu lng %
40
Erlang
13,20
S knh
20
25
8,25
14
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 56 -
15
4,95
10
10
3,3
E
Tng s 5
10
100%
3,3
33,00
8
60
Cell
T bng chn ny chn cu hnh t BTS. Cc cu hnh
c t theo phng php truyn c trnh by trn (PC-CII).
2.2.3.Quy hoch mng (Cell):
Nguyn l c bn khi thit k cc h thng di ng t ong
l cc mu c gi l mu s s dng li tn s.
Theo nh ngha s dng li tn s l s dng cc knh v
tuyn vng mt tn s sng mang ph cho cc vng a l
khc nhau. Cc vng ny phi c cch nhau c ly ln mi
nhiu giao thoa ng knh (C/I) xy ra c th chp nhn c. V
vy m hnh quy hoch c nh hng rt ln n t s C/I, C/A.
Khi m hnh k hiu N/M trong N l v tr t i trm v M
l s Cell trong mt vng s dng ton b di tn cho php. Trong
mng thng tin di ng s c 3 m hnh s dng li tn s l
3/9, 4/13, 7/21 (v d mu s dng li tn s 4/12 c s dng bi
VMS). Mi loi u c nhng thun li vag hn ch ca n, ph hp
vi tng nc m chn mu s dng li tn s no.
Khong cch gia 2 Cell c cng tn s c tnh theo cng
thc:
D = R 3 M
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 57 -
M hnh 4/12: D= 6R
Ch nh knh:
Trong cc mu s dng li ton b th cc sng mang trong
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
3
9
13 14 15 16 17 18 .... ...
3 3
3
10 11 12
...
Kh nng p dng:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 58 -
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 59 -