Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

A. L THUYT C BN
I. Thnh phn cu to nguyn t: * Nguyn t c chia lm 2 phn: Proton (p) Ht nhn Ntron (n) V nguyn t: Gm cc electron (e) * S lc v cc mc tm ra cc ht c bn: tm ra electron: Do nh bc hc Thomson tm ra nm 1897. S S tm ra proton: Tm ra nm 1906 - 1916. S khm ph ra ht nhn nguyn t: Rutherford tm ra nm 1911. S tm ra ntron: Do Chatvich tm ra nm 1932. II. Tm tt v cu to nguyn t: 1. Kch thc nguyn t: * Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nhau c kch thc khc nhau, nhng ni chung u rt nh v nh nht l nguyn t H( d ngtu = 1A0) vi 1A0 = 10-10m. + ng knh ht nhn khong 10-4 A0. + ng knh electron khong 10-7 Ao. 2. Ht nhn nguyn t. * Ht nhn gm proton mang in tch dng (1+), v ntron khng mang in, hai loi ht ht ny c khi lng gn bng nhau v xp x bng 1 vC. * Ht nhn c kch thc rt nh nhng hu ht khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn.
Z: so proton KLNT KLHNNT = ( Z + N ) vC vi N: so notron

* Mi quan h gia s proton v s ntron trong ht nhn(p dng cho cc ng v bn). (1) ( CT(1) p dng cho bi ton ch cho tng s 3 loi ht c bn n, p, e trong ng.t ) * S khi A ca ht nhn ng.t.

N 1,52Z

A=Z+N

3. Nguyn t. * Mi ng.t u cu to t 3 loi ht c bn: ntron, proton v electron. * Cc electron mang in tch m, chuyn ng rt nhanh trong khng gian ht nhn ng.t.Mi e mang mt in tch m( 1- ) v c k.lg me =
1 mp 1840

* Nguyn t trung ho in nn ta c: S p = S e = S n v in tch h.n

Z = E = S n v in tch h.n

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

* Bng tm tt v cu to nguyn t. Loi ht Khiu in tch (k hiu) Ht nhn Proton P 1+ (eo) Ntron N 0 V ng.t Electron e 1- (eo)

Khi lng mp 1vC = 1,6726.10-27kg mn 1vC = 1,6726.10-27kg Khng ng k

4. V nguyn t: a. Lp electron: Cc electron c nng lng gn nhau c xp vo cng 1 lp. * Cc lp c nh theo th t t trong ra ngoi. K hiu n K 1 L 2 M 3 N 4 O 5 P 6 Q 7

* Cc e xa ht nhn lin kt vi nhn km cht ch. * S electron ti a trong 1 lp: S e ti a trong lp th n l: 2n2 * S lng orbital trong 1 lp: Lp th n c n2 orbital. b. Phn lp electron( phn mc nng lng). * Cc lp electron chia thnh nhiu phn lp: s, p ,d, f * Hnh dng cc orbital nguyn t: - Obital s: C dng hnh cu. - Obital p: C dng hnh s 8 ni (hnh qu t). - Obital d: C hnh dng phc tp. - Obital f: C hnh dng phc tp. * S lng orbital trong 1 phn lp: - Phn lp s: C 1 AO - Phn lp p: C 3 AO - Phn lp d: C 5 AO - Phn lp f: C 7 AO * S electron trong mt phn lp: Mi obital cha ti a 2e. - Phn lp s: C 1 AO Nhn ti a 2e. - Phn lp p: C 3 AO Nhn ti a 6e. - Phn lp d: C 5 AO Nhn ti a 10e. - Phn lp f: C 7 AO Nhn ti a 14e. c. Cu hnh electron nguyn t. (Ch nh cc phn mc nng lng ca cc AO) * Nguyn t vng bn: Trong nguyn t, cc electron chim cc orbital c mc nng lng t thp n cao. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 6f

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Gin nng lng Klechkopxki.

7s 6s 5s 4s 3s 2s 1s 7p 6p 5p 4p 3p 2p 7d 6d 5d 4d 3d 7f 6f 5f 4f

* Nguyn l ngoi tr Pauli: - Trong 1 AO cc electron phi c spin ngc nhau. - Trong 1 AO khng cha qu 2 electron. * Quy tc Hund: Trong cng 1 phn lp, cc electron c phn b trn cc orbital sao cho s electron c thn l ti a v cc electron ny phi c spin ging nhau (chiu t quay ging nhau).

* i vi 20 nguyn t u ( Z 20 ) th CH e trng vi mc nng lng.

* i vi cc nguyn t c Z > 20 th CH e khng cn trng vi nng lng nn khi vit CH e phi ch : - Vit cu hnh e theo nng lng trc. - Sp sp li theo th t tng lp. TD: Vit CH e ca 26Fe. Ta lm nh sau: - Vit CH e theo nng lng: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 - Sp xp li CH electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

* i vi cc nguyn t nh: Cr, Cu, Pdc ngoi l i vi s sp xp cc electron

ngoi cng (v c s chuyn sang mc bo ho v bn bo ho). - Mc bo ho: (n-1)d9ns2 (n-1)d10ns1 ( nh vy s thun li hn v mt nng lng) TD: CH e ca 29Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 - Mc bn bo ho: (n-1)d4ns2 (n-1)d5ns1 ( nh vy s thun li hn v mt nng lng) TD: CH e ca 24Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 d. c im ca lp electron ngoi cng: * Nguyn t ca mi nguyn t, lp ngoi cng c ti a 8 electron. * Cc nguyn t c 1 3 electron lp ngoi cng l kim loi (tr B, H, He ). * Cc nguyn t c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng l phi kim. * Cc nguyn t c 8 electron lp ngoi cng l kh him. * Cc nguyn t c 4 electron lp ngoi cng nu chu k nh l phi kim, chu k ln l kim loi.

III. Nguyn t ho hc v ng v.
1. Nguyn t ho hc * Khi nim: NTHH l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn (Z) 2. ng v * KN: Cc nguyn t ca cng 1 nguyn t ho hc c cng 1 s prton nhng khc nhau v s ntron, do khc nhau v s khi gi l ng v. * K hiu nguyn t ca 1 nguyn t l

A Z

(A l s khi, Z l s hiu nguyn t: y l 2 i lng c trng cho nguyn t) * Hu ht cc nguyn t ho hc l hn hp ca nhiu ng v nn khi lng nguyn t ca nguyn t l KLNT trung bnh ca hn hp cc ng v - CT1:
M = a.A + b.B + c.C +... 100

Vi A, B, C ln lt l s khi ca cc nguyn t A, B, C a, b, c ln lt l % ca cc nguyn t A, B, C a + b + c + = 100% - CT2: C th tnh M theo s ng cho

a M1 M b M2 M - M1 M2 - M a b = M2 - M M - M1

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

IV. Bng tun hon ho hc

1. Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t ho hc: * Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. * Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t xp thnh 1 hng ngang v xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn ( chu k ). * Cc nguyn t c CH e tng t nhau c xp thnh 1 ct ( nhm ). 2. Cu to ca BTH. a. . Mi nguyn t ho hc c xp vo 1 . b. Chu k: - Gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron. - BTH gm 7 chu k: Gm 3 c.k nh ( Chu k 1,2,3 ) v 4 chu k ln ( Chu k 4, 5, 6, 7), trong chu k 7 cha hon thnh. c. Nhm: c nh s bng ch s La M t I VIII * Chia thnh nhm A v nhm B - Nhm A: Gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p.( l nhng nguyn t m electron cui cng thuc phn lp s hoc p ) - Nhm B: Gm cc nguyn t d v nguyn t f..( l nhng nguyn t m electron cui cng thuc phn lp d hoc f )

Ch : Khi xt 1 nguyn t nhm A hay nhm B ta phi da vo cu hnh electron

theo nng lng.

CC DNG BI TP THEO CH
I. Dng 1: Dng ton ch cho tng s 3 loi ht c bn: * Phng php: Dng CT:

N 1,52Z

* TD: Mt nguyn t X ( khng c tnh phng x ), c tng s ht c bn ( n, p, e ) l 13. a. Xc nh khi lng NT ca nguyn t . b. Vit cu hnh electron ca ng.t ng.t X, t xc nh v tr ca n trong BHTTH. Bi lm: * Gi s p: Z; s n: N; s e: E. M s p = s e Z = E * Theo bi ta c: Z + N + E = 13 2Z + N = 13 N = 13 - 2Z (*) * Mt khc: Z N 1,52Z h BPT 13 2Z 1,52Z Z 3, 69 Z = 4 (t/m) Thay Z vo (*) N = 5 a. Ta c KLNT A KLNT = 4 + 5 = 9. b. Z = 4 CH e: 1s22s2 V tr: - : 4 - Chu k: 2 - Nhm: IIA
13 2 Z Z Z 4,333

II. Dng 2: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t:

* Phng php: - Cn nm c ni dung: Nguyn l vng bn ( gin nng lng Klechcopski). - Nm c nguyn l ngoi tr v quy tc Hund ( nhm biu din cc e trn cc AO ). - Cch vit CH e: Vit CH theo nng lng, sau sp xp li theo tng lp.
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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

III. Dng 3:
Tnh NTKTB khi bit nguyn t khi v t l % s nguyn t ca mi ng v v ngc li. Xc nh tn nguyn t. * Phng php: p dng cng thc tnh NTKTB M = a, b, c ln lt l % ca cc nguyn t A, B, C a + b + c + = 100% S ng cho
a M1 M b M2 M - M1 M2 - M a b = M2 - M M - M1 a.A + b.B + c.C +... vi A, B, C ln lt l s khi ca cc nguyn t A, B, C 100

* TD: Tnh % cc ng v ca cacbon. Bit cacbon trong t nhin c 2 ng v l: 12 C v 6 13 6 C c KLNT l 12,011. Bi gii: 12 Gi x l t l % ca ng v C % ca ng v 13 C l ( 100 - x ) %. - Cch 1: p dng CT(1): Ta c
MC 12.x + (100 x).13 = 12,011; Gii PT ta tm c % 12 C = x = 98,9% 100 v % 13 C l 1,1%

- Cch 2: Dng s ng cho.

a 12 12,011 (100 - a) 13
12

0,989 a 100 - a = 0,989 0, 011

0,011 Gii PT ta m c % C = x = 98,9% v % 13 C l 1,1% IV. Dng 4: Da vo cu hnh electron xc nh nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim * Phng php: Vit CH e theo nng lng, sau sp xp li theo tng lp bit s e lp ngoi cng, nu: Cc nguyn t c 1 3 electron lp ngoi cng l kim loi (tr B, H, He ). Cc nguyn t c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng l phi kim. Cc nguyn t c 8 electron lp ngoi cng l kh him. Cc nguyn t c 4 electron lp ngoi cng nu chu k nh l phi kim, chu k ln l kim loi.

V. Dng 5: Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t HH trong BTH v T/CHH ca chng

khi bit s hiu nguyn t Z * Phng php: Ta lm theo cc bc sau:
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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Bc 1: Vit cu hnh electron theo nng lng. Bc 2: Xc nh nguyn t thuc nhm A hay nhm B (theo nh ngha). Bc 3: Nu l nhm A ta c: STT = S p = s e = Z. STT ck = S lp e. STT nhm A = S e lp ngoi cng. Bc 4: Nu l nhm B ta c: STT = S p = s e = Z. STT ck = S lp e. STT nhm B c xc nh nh sau: Nguyn t nguyn t nhm B c CH electron dng: (n - 1)dxnsy. Ta t a = x + y. a l STT ca nhm. Nu a < 8 Nu 8 a 10 Nguyn t ny thuc nhm VIIIB. STT ca nhm = a - 10 Nu a > 10

VI. Dng 6:
Xc nh 2 nguyn t thuc 1 nhm A v thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong BHTTH cc nguyn t HH. * Phng php: 2 nguyn t A, B c s hiu nguyn t: ZA, ZB. ZA - ZB = 8 ( Chu k nh ) ZA - ZB = 18 ( Chu k ln ) Xc nh 2 nguyn t thuc 2 nhm A lin tip nhau trong BHTTH cc nguyn t HH. * Phng php: 2 nguyn t A, B c s hiu nguyn t: ZA, ZB. ZA - ZB = 1 ZA - ZB = 7 ZA - ZB = 9 ZA - ZB = 17 ( chu k ln ) ZA - ZB = 19 ( chu k nh )

A. CC DNG BI TP T LUN THNG GP Dng 1

Bi 1: Bit tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong 1 nguyn t l 155. S ht c mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Tm s proton, ntron v s khi A ca nguyn t. Bi 2: Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong 1 nguyn t A l 16. Trong nguyn t B l 58, trong nguyn t D l 58. Tm s proton, ntron v s khi ca cc nguyn t A, B, D. Gi s s chnh lch gia s khi vi khi lng nguyn t trung bnh l khng qu 1 n v.
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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Bi 3: Nguyn t ca ng.t Y c cu to bi 36 ht. Ht mang in gp i ht khng mang in. Tm A, Z ca nguyn t v cu hnh electron ca ng.t ng.t . Bi 4: Nguyn t ca 1 ng.t X c tng s ht c bn (proton, ntron, electron) l 82 ht. Trong ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22 ht. Xc nh STT, s khi, tn nguyn t X. Vit cu hnh electron ca X v cc ion to thnh t X. Bi 5: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v s ht khng mang in l 34. Trong ht mang in gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Xc nh v tr & gi tn R. Vit cu hnh electron ca R. Bi 6: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s cc ht c bn (n, p, e) l 115 ht. Trong s ht mang in gp 1,556 ln s ht khng mang in 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca X & xc nh v tr ca X trong BHTTH. 2. Hy d on T/C HH c bn ca X dng n cht. Cho VD minh ho bng p. ha hc. Bi 7: Tng s ht p, n v electron trong ng.t ca 1 nguyn t X l 34 ht. 1. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca nguyn t X 2. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X . Bi 8: Mt kim loi M c khi lng A = 54, tng s cc ht (n, p, e) trong ion M2+ l 78. Hy xc nh STT ca M trong BHTTH cc nguyn t, gi tn & vit cu hnh electron ca M v M2+. Bi 9: Cho 1,8g kim loi X thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II trong BHTTH p. vi H2O thu c 1,1 lt H2 ( 770mmHg, 290C). Gi tn X, Vit cu hnh electron ca X v ion ca n. Bit trong ht nhn X ch s p = s n (khng dng BHTTH). Bi 10: Tng s ht p, n v electron trong ng.t ca 1 nguyn t l 21. 1. Nguyn t l: A. Oxi B. Cacbon C. Nit D. Tt c u sai 2. Tm cu hnh e ca nguyn t: A. 1s22s22p3 B. 1s22s22p2 C. 1s22s22p4 D. Tt c u sai 3. Xc nh tng s obitan nguyn t ca nguyn t . 2Bi 11: Cho bit tng s e trong anion A B3 l 42. Trong cc ht nhn A cng nh B th s p = s n. 1. Tnh s khi ca A & B? 2. Vit cu hnh e- v s phn b e- trong cc obitan ca cc nguyn t A, B? 3. Ly cc p. minh ho A, B v hp cht AB2 c th ng vai tr cht oxi ha cng nh cht kh trong mt s p. ha hc. Bi 12: Hp cht Z c cu to bi 2 nguyn t M & R c cng thc M a R b trong R chim 6.667% khi lng. Trong ht nhn ng.t M th: n = p +4 cn trong ht nhn ca R c n = p. Trong n, p, n, p ln lt l s ntron v proton ca M & R. Bit rng tng s ht Proton trong Z bng 84 v a + b = 4. Tm CTPT ca Z. Bi 13: Hp cht X c dng AB3, tng s proton trong phn t l 40. Trong thnh phn ht nhn ca A cng nh B u c s p = s n, A thuc chu k 3 ca BHTTH. 1. Xc nh tn gi ca A v B? 2. Vit cu hnh ca A & B? Bi 14: Hp cht A c cu to t ion M+ v anion X2-. Tng s 3 loi ht c bn (n, p, e) trong A l 140 ht. Tng s ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht trong ion X2- l 19 ht. Trong ng.t M th s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht. Trong ng.t X th s p = s n. Vit cu hnh electron ca M+ v X 2-, gi tn hp cht A. Bi 15: Tng s ht trong ng.t M v ng.t X bng 86 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 26 ht. S khi ca X ln hn ca M l 12. Tng s ht trong ng.t X nhiu hn trong ng.t M l 18 ht. 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca M v X. 2. Lin kt trong hp cht gia M v X thuc loi no? Bi 16: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (n, p, e) bng 180. Trong s ht mang in chim 58,89% tng s ht.
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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

1. Vit cu hnh electron ca X. 2. D on T/C HH c bn ca X trn c s cu to nguyn t ca X. Bi 17: Hai nguyn t A, B to c bi cc ion A3+, B+ tng ng c s e bng nhau. Tng s cc ht (n, p, e) trong hai ion bng 70. Xc nh cc nguyn t A, B v vit cu hnh e ca chng. Bi 18: Nguyn t ca nguyn t M c 34 ht cc loi, nguyn t X c 52 ht cc loi. M v X to c hp cht MX. Xc nh cu hnh e ca M v X v ca cc tiu phn (ion) trong phn t MX. Bi 19: Mt nguyn t to ion n nguyn t mang 2 in tch c tng s ht trong ion bng 80. Trong nguyn t ca nguyn t c s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Xc nh cu hnh e ca nguyn t nguyn t . Bi 20: Phn t XY2 c tng s ht (n, p, e) bng 114 trong s ht mang in gp 2 ln s ht khng mang in. S ht mang in trong nguyn t X ch bng 37,5% s ht mang in trong nguyn t Y. Xc nh cc nguyn t X, Y v CT XY2. Bi 21: Hp cht A to thnh t cc ion M+ v X2- (c to ra t cc nguyn t M, X tng ng). Trong phn t A c 140 ht (n, p, e) trong s ht mang in bng 65,714% tng s ht. S khi ca M ln hn ca X l 23. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X v CT A. Bi 22: Mt hp cht A cu to t 2 ion M2+ v X-, cc ion c to ra t nguyn t tng ng trong phn t A c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 116 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 40 ht. S khi ca M2+ ln hn s khi ca X- l 21. Tng s ht trong M2+ nhiu hn s khi ca X l 2 ln. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X v CT A. 2Bi 23: Trong anion A B3 c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t A cng nh B s p = s n. 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t A, B? 2. Trong hp cht gia A v B c nhng loi lin kt g. Bi 24: Hp cht A c cng thc MXx trong M chim 46,67% khi lng. M l kim loi, nguyn t M c s proton t hn s nton 4 ht. X l phi kim chu k 3, nguyn t c s p = s n. Trong A c 116 ht mang in. Xc nh M, X v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. Bi 25: Ion A B+ c to nn t hai nguyn t A v B. Tng s proton trong A B+ bng 11. 4 4 Xc nh nguyn t A, B v khi lng mol ion. Bit chng l cc ng v bn, ph bin trong t nhin. Bi 26: (C KT - KT TM - 2004) Nguyn t nguyn t M c tng s ht (n, p, e) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Cho bit M l nguyn t g? Vit cu hnh e ca M. Bi 27: (C SP Bn Tre - 2004) 1. Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v ht khng mang in l 36. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12. Xc nh R v v tr ca R trong BHTTH. 2. Nguyn t R v ion R2+ ging v khc nhau nh th no v cu to v T/C HH c bn? Cho VD minh ho? Bi 28: Nguyn t nguyn t A c tng s ht c bn l 48, trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. 1. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t A. Xc nh v tr ca A trong BTH? 2. Axit c cha nguyn t A (Trong A c s oxi ha dng cao nht) trng thi c v long u tc dng c vi cc cht: Al2O3 v Fe3O4. Vit cc PTP? Bi 29:

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

1. Nguyn t ca nguyn t ho hc X c tng s ht (n, p, e) l 180. Trong s ht mang in gp 1,432 ln s ht khng mang in. a. Hy vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t X. b. D on T/C HH ca n cht X. Gii thch theo cu to nguyn t, phn t, vit cc PTP gii thch. 2. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t m electron ngoi cng l 4s1. T cho bit s hiu nguyn t v s electron ho tr ca chng. Bi 30: (HSG / 94 - 95) Mt hp cht ion c cu to t cation M2+ v anion X-. Trong phn t MX2 c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 186 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54 ht. S khi ca M2+ ln hn s khi ca X- l 21. Tng s ht trong M2+ nhiu hn trong ion X- l 27. 1. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X v CT A. 2. Vit cu hnh ca cc ion M2+ v X-. 3. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong BHTTH. 2Bi 31: (H - C KB 06 ). Tng s ht mang in trong anion A B3 l 82. S ht mang in trong ht nhn ca nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. 1. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t A v B 2. Vit cu hnh electron ca A v B. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong BTH. Bi 32: (Trng THPT L Qu n) Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t nguyn t A l 108. 1. Cho bit A thuc chu k my trong BTH. 2. Bit A nhm VA xc nh v tr ca A trong BTH. 3. Tnh % theo khi lng ca A trong oxit cao nht.

Dng 2
Bi 33: Cho hai ng v hiro vi t l % s ng.t: 1H (99%), 2H (1%) v clo: 35Cl (75,53%), 37Cl (24,47%). 1. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mi nguyn t. 2. C bao nhiu loi phn t HCl khc nhau to nn t 2 ng v ca 2 ng.t 3. Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi phn t ni trn. Bi 34: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng v: 63,546. ng tn ti trong t nhin di hai dng ng v 63Cu v 65Cu. Tnh t l % s nguyn t ca ng v 63Cu tn ti trong t nhin . Bi 35: Nguyn t Cacbon c 2 ng v: 12C chim 98,89% v 13C chim 1,11% . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cacbon l: A. 12,500 B. 12,011 C. 13,022 D. 12.055 Bi 36: Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Kali bit rng trong t nhin thnh phn % cc ng v ca Kali l: 39K (93,258%) ; 40K (0,012%); 41K (6,73%). Bi 37: Bo c hai ng v: 10B (18,89%) v 11B (81,11%) Tm khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Bo. Bi 38: Ch c 4 ng v l: 204 Pb (2,5%); 206Pb (23,7%); 207Pb (22,4%); 208Pb (51,4%) a. Tm khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca ch. b. Tnh t l s n v s p trong mi ng v.

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10

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Bi 39: Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v. Bit 79Br chim 54,5%. Tm khi lng nguyn t (hay s khi) ca ng v th 2. Bi 40: Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca antimon l 121,76; antimon c 2 ng v. Bit 121Sb chim 62%. Tm s khi ca ng v th hai. Bi 41: Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Bo l 10,812. Mi khi c 94 nguyn t 10B th c bao nhiu nguyn t 11B? Bi 42: Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca cc nguyn t coban va niken. Bit rng trong t nhin, ng v ca cc nguyn t c tn ti theo t l sau: 59 58 60 61 62 Co Ni Ni Ni Ni (100%) (67,76%) (26,15%) (2,42%) (3,66%) Bi 43: Agon tch t khng kh l mt hn hp ca 3 ng v 40 Ar (99,6%); 38Ar (0,063%); 36Ar (0,337%) Tnh th tch ca 20g Agon ktc?

Dng 3
Bi 44: A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc 2 nhm lin tip v thuc 2 chu k lin tip. Tng s ht mang in trong 2 nguyn t A v B l 50. Hp cht gia A v B phi iu ch bng cch gin tip. 1. A, B c th l nhng nguyn t no? 2. Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca chng trong BTH. Bi 45: A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng nhm A v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Tng s ht proton trong 2 ht nhn nguyn t A, B bng 30. Xc nh cu hnh e ca nguyn t A, B v ca cc ion m A, B to ra Bi 46: A v B l 2 ng.t thuc 2 nhm A lin tip trong BTH. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t A, B bng 19. A, B to c hp cht X c tng s proton l 70. 1. Xc nh cu hnh e ca nguyn t A, B v ca cc ion m A, B to ra 2. Tm CTPT ca X. Bi 47: (H XD HN98) A v B l 2 ng.t thuc 2 nhm A lin tip trong BTH. Tng s hiu nguyn t ca A, B bng 31. Xc nh cu hnh e ca nguyn t A, B. Bi 48: (C KT - TC TN 05) Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong 1 chu k BTH, c tng in tch ht nhn l 25. Vit cu hnh e ca A, B. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong BTH. Bi 49: X, Y l 2 nguyn t thuc 1 nhm A v 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t X v Y l 52. Xc nh v tr ca X v Y trong BTH. Bi 50: Hai nguyn t A v B thuc 2 chu k lin tip c th to thnh cc ion A2- v B2- (u c cu hnh ca kh him). S in tch ht nhn ca A v B hn km nhau 8 n v. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca A v B. Vit cu hnh e ca chng. Bi 51: Cho 2 nguyn t A,B nm trong 1 nhm A ca 2 chu k lin tip. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t l 24. Hai nguyn t C, D ng k tip nhau trong 1 chu k, tng s khi ca chng l 51. S ntron ca D ln hn ca C l 2, s electron ca C bng s ntron ca n. a. Xc nh cc nguyn t trn v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. b. Sp xp cc nguyn t trn theo chiu tng tnh kh. c. Hy vit cng thc cc hp cht gia chng ( nu c ). Bi 52: (HQG TPHCM -97) Mt hp cht ion c CT AB. Hai nguyn t A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. A thuc nhm IA, IIA; B thuc nhm VIA, VIIA. Xc nh A, B bit rng tng s electron trong phn t AB bng 20.

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Bi 53: Cho 2 nguyn t X, Y 2 chu k k cn nhau trong BTH, tng s in tch ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t l 32. Xc nh X, Y. Bit rng nguyn t khi ca mi nguyn t u gp i tr s in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca mi nguyn t .

Dng 4
Bi 53: (H, C _ 2002 ) 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca 26Fe v ca cc ion Fe2+, Fe3+. 2. Hy nu T/CHH chung ca: a. Hp cht Fe(II). b. Hp cht Fe(III). Mi trng hp vit 2 PTHH minh ho. 3. Trong iu kin khng c khng kh, cho Fe chy trong kh Cl2 c mt cht A; nung hn hp bt ( Fe v S ) c mt hp cht B. Bng cc p ho hc, hy nhn bit thnh phn v ho tr ca cc hp cht A, B. Bi 54: (H, C KB_ 2004 ) Vit cu hnh electron ca Cl ( Z = 17 ) v Ca (Z = 20). Cho bit v tr ca chng ( chu k, nhm, ) trong BTH. Lin kt gia Ca v Cl trong hp cht CaCl2 thuc loi lin kt g? Ti sao? Bi 55: (H, C KA_ 2005 ) Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr (, chu k, nhm ) ca S (Z = 16) trong BTH * Vit cc p ho hc ca H2S vi O2, SO2, v nc Cl2. Trong cc phn ng H2S c tnh kh hay oxi ho? Ti sao? Bi 56: (C Vnh Phc KA_ 2005 ) 1. Vit cu hnh e ca S, Fe, S2-, Fe3+, bit s hiu nguyn t ca S v Fe ln lt l: 16, 26. 2. Cho 45 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Dn ton b lng kh sinh ra vo bnh cha 500ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M, to thnh dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui c trong X. Bi 57: (CSP H Nam KA_ 2005 ) 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t v ion ca cc nguyn t X (Z = 13) v nguyn t Y c (Z = 17). Cho bit X, Y l cc nguyn t no? 2. Hp cht A c to bi 2 nguyn t trn. Vit cc ptp (nu c) ca dung dch A ln lt vi tng dung dch cc cht: NaOH, HCl, NH3, KHCO3, NH4Cl. 3. Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch n cht X, Y t nguyn liu no? Vit cc ptp iu ch chng t nguyn liu . Bi 58: (CSP QUNG NGI_ 2005 ) C cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p6 1. l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t hay ion? Gii thch. 2. Nu cu hnh ng vi ion ca mt nguyn t trong oxt (gi s oxt ny l hp cht ion) v oxt tc dng c vi c NaOH v HCl. a. Vit ptp minh ho TCHH ca n cht, oxit v hiroxit ca nguyn t . b. Vit ptp iu ch n cht ca nguyn t ny trong cng nghip. Bi 59: (C Cng ng HP_ 2005 ) Ion kim loi M3+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: 2s22p6. 1. Vit cu hnh electron y ca M3+, t suy ra cu hnh electron ca kim loi M. 2. Cho bit tn kim loi v v tr ca M trong BTH. 3. Vit ptp(nu c) khi cho M tc dng vi dung dch NaCl d, dung dch KOH d, dung dch CuSO4. Bi 60: Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2. 1. Cho bit v tr ca X trong BTH (, nhm, chu k)? Gii thch? 2. Nu T/CHH ca X v minh ho bng cc phh. Bi 61: Cation M+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M v s phn b electron trn cc AO.
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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

2. Cho bit v tr ca X trong BTH, gi tn M. 3. Anion X- c cu hnh electron ging cationM+, X l nguyn t no? Bi 62: (H Cn Th_98 ). * Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t F (Z = 9) v ion F-. * Xc nh v tr (, nhm, chu k) ca cc nguyn t X, Y, bit rng chng to c anion X2-v cation Y+ c cu hnh electron ging ion F-. Bi 63: (HSP Quy Nhn-99 ) * Cc nguyn t A, B, C c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ln lt l: 3s23p1, 3s23p4, 2s22p2. 1. Hy xc nh v tr v gi tn A, B, C. 2. Vit cc phn ng khi cho A ln lt tc dng vi B v C nhit cao. Gi tn sn phm to thnh. Bi 64: (H YD _ TPHCM 99 ) Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him, nguyn t c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s. a. Nguyn t no l kim loi? Phi kim? b. Xc mh cu hnh electron ca A v B, bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7. Bi 65: Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l: ns1, ns2np1, ns2np5. * Hy xc nh v tr ca A, M, X trong BTH. Bi 66: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca A l: 1s22s22p63s2 v ca B l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1. * Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong BTH, chng l nhng nguyn t no? * Vit ptp ca A, B vi nc iu kin thng (nu c). Bi 67: Cho bit Ni c Z = 28 v lp ngoi cng c 2 electron. Hy: * Vit cu hnh electron ca Ni v Ni2+. * Xc nh chu k v nhm ca Ni trong BTH. Gii thch? Bi 68: Cho 2 nguyn t A, B c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l: 11 v 13. a. Vit cu hnh electron v cho bit v tr ca chng trong BTH. b. A c kh nng to ra ion A+ v B to ra ion B3+. Hy so snh bn knh ca A vi A+, B vi B3+. Gii thch. Bi 69: Nguyn t A c Z = 8; B c Z = 17 v C c Z = 19. a. Vit cu hnh electron ca chng. b. Chng thuc chu k no? Nhm no trong BTH? c. Nu T/CHH c trng ca cc nguyn t ny? Bi 70: Nguyn t A c Z = 19; B c Z = 35. a. Vit cu hnh electron ca chng. b. Nu T/CHH c trng ca cc nguyn t ny? Bi 71: Cation R+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: 2p6. 1. Vit cu hnh electron v s phn b electron trn cc AO. 2. Nguyn t R thuc nhm no? Chu k no? L nguyn t no? Gii thch bn cht ca lin kt gia R v halogen. 3. T/CHH c trng nht ca R l g? Ly 2 phn ng minh ho. 4. T R+ lm th no iu ch c R? 5. Anion X- c cu hnh electron ging R+, hi X l nguyn t g? Vit cu hnh electron ca n. Bi 72: (HTCKT_2000) Nguyn t X, cation Y2+, anion Z- u c cu hnh electron l: 1s22s22p6. a. X, Y, Z l kim loi hay phi kim? Ti sao? b. Vit phn ng minh ho T/CHH quan trng nht ca Y. Bi 73: (HDL Lc Hng_98) Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. a. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X, Y. b. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH.
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13

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Bi 74: 1. Cho bit trong cc nguyn t cc nguyn t A, B, D, cc electron c mc nng lng cao nht c xp vo cc phn lp c cu hnh l:2p3(A); 4s1(B); 3d1(D). a. Vit li cu hnh electron y ca cc nguyn t trn. b. Suy ra v tr ca chng trong BTH. 2. Nguyn t nguyn t A c cu hnh electron lp ngoi: (n - 1)dxns1. nh cu hnh electron c th c ca A. T xc nh v tr ca A trong BTH. Bi 75: Cho 2 nguyn t A, B c cu hnh electron ngoi cng ln lt l: 3sx v 3p5. 1. Xc nh s in tch ht nhn ca A v B. Bit rng phn lp 3s ca 2 nguyn t hn km nhau 1 electron. 2. Da vo quy tc Hund hy tm s electron c thn ca A v B. 3. Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron ngoi cng ln lt l: (n - 1)p4; np4; (n + 1)s1. Vi n = 3, n =4. Xc nh X, Y, Z. Bi 76: Cc nguyn t A, B,C c cu hnh electron ngoi cng ln lt l: 3s23p1, 3s23p4, 2s22p2. a. Xc nh v tr v gi tn A, B, C. b. Vit ptp khi cho A ln lt tc dng vi B v C nhit cao, gi tn sn phm to thnh. Bi 77: (CSPTPHCM-2000). 1. Anion X2- c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l: 3s23p6. Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH. Gi tn X. 2. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c cu hnh electron nh sau: 1s22s22p63s23p6. Hy cho bit: a. V tr ca R trong BTH. Gi tn R. b. Nhng anion no c cu hnh trn? Bi 78: (HSP HN-2000). Nguyn t X, anion Y-, cation Z+, u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: 4s24p6. 1. Cc nguyn t X, Y, Z l kim loi hay phi kim? Ti sao? 2. Cho bit v tr ca X, Y, Z trong BTH. 3. Nu T/CHH c trng nht ca Y v Z, minh ho bng ptp. Bi 79: (CSP Qung Ngi-06). 1. Anion X2- c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: Xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH. Gi tn X. 2. Nguyn t X, cation Y2+, anion Z- u c cu hnh electron l: 1s22s22p6. a. X, Y, Z l kim loi, phi km hay kh him? Ti sao? b. Xc nh v trca X trong BTH. Gi tn. c. Nu T/CHH ca Y v Z. Ly TD minh ho. Bi 80: (THPT Bn Tre-2002). Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him, nguyn t ca n c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp ngoi cng l: 4s. 1. Nguyn t no l kim loi? Phi kim? 2. Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A, B v gi tn chng. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca 2 nguyn t l 7. 3. Vit CTPT v CTCT ca cc hiroxit to bi nguyn t A.

B. H THNG BI TP TRC NGHIM

Cu 1: Nguyn t gm: A.Cc ht electron v ntron B. Ht nhn mang in dng v lp v mang in m C. Cc ht proton v ntron D. Cc ht proton v electron Cu 2: Trong nguyn t, ht khng mang in l: A. Ntron v Proton B. Proton C. Electron Cu 3: Khi lng nguyn t bng: A. Tng s ht proton v tng s ht ntron B. Tng khi lng ca proton, ntron v electron c trong nguyn t
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D. Ntron

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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

C. Tng khi lng ca cc ht ntron v electron D. Tng khi lng ca proton v electron Cu 4: Nguyn t ha hc gm tt c cc nguyn t c cng: A. S electron B. in tch ht nhn C. S proton D. S ntron Cu 5: Mnh no sau y sai: A. S proton bng tr s in tch ht nhn B. S hiu nguyn t bng tr s ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t C. S proton bng s electron D. S proton bng s ntron Cu 6: Chn pht biu ng: A. Vi mi nguyn t, s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t l c nh, song c th khc nhau v s ntron, gi l hin tng ng v B. Cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn, c s khi nh nhau gi l cc ng v. C. Cc nguyn t c s khi nh nhau, song s proton ca ht nhn khc nhau c gi l cc cht ng v. D. Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t th ging nhau v tt c cc tnh cht l, ha hc Cu 7: Nt ca nt X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7 .Nt ca nt Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8 .X, Y l cc nt A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Mg v Cl D. Si v Br 2 Cu 8: Cho cu hnh electron ca nt X c phn lp ngoi cng l 4s .S hiu nt ln nht c th c ca X l? A. 24 B. 36 C. 25 D. 30 Cu 9: Cho bit tng s e cc phn lp p ca nt X l 11.Hy tm s khi ca X bit rng trong ht nhn ca X s N nhiu hn s P l 3 ht? A. 36 B. 34 C. 37 D. 35 Cu 10: Oxit B c cng thc R2O .Tng s ht c bn trong B l 92 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28 .B l cht no di y? A. N2O B. K2O C. Cl2O D. Na2O 2Cu 11: Tng s ht mang in trong anion XY3 bng 82 .S ht mang in trong ht nhn X nhiu hn s ht mang in trong ht nhn Y l 8 .s hiu nt ca X ,Y ln lt l? A. 15 v 8 B. 16 v 8 C. 6 v 4 D. 4 v 8 Cu 12: Nt khi trung bnh ca ng KL l 63,546. ng tn ti trong t nhin vi 2 ng v 63Cu v 65Cu thnh phn trm theo s nt ca 65Cu l? A. 23,7% B. 76,3% C. 72,7% D. 27,3% Cu 13: Nt Agon c ba ng v khc nhau ,ng vi s khi 36;38 v A3.% cc ng v tng ng ln lt bng 0,34%;0,06% v 99,6%.Bit rng nt khi trung bnh ca Agon bng 39,985 .S khi A3 Ca ngt Agon l? A. 41 B. 39 C. 40 D. 42 Cu 14: Cc electron ca nt nt X c phn b trn ba lp ,lp th ba c 6 electron .S dn v in tch ht nhn nt nt X l? A. 6 B. 14 C. 16 D. 8 Cu 15: Cho bit s hiu nt X l 13 v ca Y l 16.Hy chn cng thc ng ca hp cht gia X v Y A. X2Y3 B. XY C. X2Y D. Y2X 1 Cu 16: Cu hnh electron phn lp ngai cng ca nt X l 3s ,ca nt Y l 3p1.Vy lin kt gia X v Y thuc loi lin kt g? A. Lin kt ion B. Lin kt CHT c cc C. Lin kt hiro D. Lin kt cho nhn Cu 17: Electron c pht minh nm 1897 bi nh bc hc ngi Anh Tom-xn.T khi c pht hin n nay ,electron ng vai tr to ln trong nhiu lnh vc ca cuc sng nh:Nng lng ,truyn thng v thng tin...Trong cc cu sau y cu no sai?
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Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

A. Electron c klg ng k so vi klg nt B. Electron ch thot ra khi nt trong nhng iu kin c bit C. Electron c klg 9,1095.10-28 gam D. Electron l ht mang in tch m Cu 18: Cc ng v ca cng mt nt hh c phn bit bi i lng no sau y? A. S electron ho tr B. S protron C. S ntron D. S lp electron 1 2 3 16 17 18 Cu 19: Hir c ba ng v H, H, H.Oxi c ba ng v O , O , O.Trong nc t nhin, loi phn t nc c klg nh nht l? A. 18u B. 20u C. 17u D. 19u Cu 20: Trong ht nhn ca cc nt (tr hir),cc ht cu to nn ht nhn nt gm? A. protron, notron v electron B. ntron C. protron D. protron v notron Cu 21: So snh klg ca electron v klg ca ht nhn nt, nhn nh no sau y l ng? A. Klg electron bng klg protron trong ht nhn B. Klg electron bng klg ntron trong ht nhn C. Klg electron bng khong 1/1840 klg ca ht nhn nt D. Klg electron nh hn rt nhiu so vi klg ca ht nhn nt,do ,c th b qua trong cc php tnh gn ng Cu 22: nh ngha no sau y v nt HH l ng? Nt ho hc l tp hp cc nt: A. C cng s khi B. C cng nt khi C. C cng s ntron trong ht nhn D. C cng in tch ht nhn A Cu 23: K hiu nt zX cho ta bit nhng g v nt X? A. S hiu nt v s khi B. Ch bit nt khi trung bnh ca nt C. S hiu nt D. S khi Cu 24: Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt cht ch nht vi ht nhn? A. Lp K B. Lp M C. Lp N D. Lp L Cu 26: Khi ni v s khi iu khng nh no sau y lun ng? A. Trong nt, s khi bng tng klg cc ht protron v notron B. Trong nt, s khi bng tng s ht protron v notron C. Trong nt, s khi bng nt khi D. Trong nt, s khi bng tng cc ht protron, notron v electron Cu 27: Khi ni v mc nng lng ca cc electron trong nt ,iu khng nh no sau y l sai? A. Cc electron trong cng lp K c mc nng lng bng nhau B. Cc electron lp K c mc nng lng thp nht C. Cc electron lp K c mc nng lng cao nht D. Cc electron lp ngoi cng c mc nng lng trung bnh cao nht Cu 28: Khi nim no v obitan nt sau y l ng? A. Obitan l mt hnh cu c bn knh xc nh ,ti xc sut tm thy electron l ln nht B. Obitan c dng hnh cu hoc hnh s 8 ni C. Obitan l khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn, ti xc sut tm thy electron l cao nht D. Obitan l ng chuyn ng ca cc electron trong nt Cu 29: S n v in tch ht nhn ca lu hunh (S) l 16, bit rng cc electron ca nt S c phn b trn ba lp electron (K,L,M),lp ngoi cng c 6 electron.S e lp L trong nt S l? A. 12 B. 10 C. 8 D. 6 Cu 30: Nt no trong cc nt sau y cha 8 prontron ,8 notron v 8 electron? A. 17O B. 18O C. 16O D. 17F Cu 31: Cu hnh nt lu hunh (S) v ca nt oxi (O) trng thi c bn c c im no chung quyt nh tnh cht ho hc c bn? A. C hai nt S v O u c 6 electron lp ngoi cng ,trong c 2 electron c thn B. C hai nt S v O u c 2 electron lp trong cng (lp K) C. C hai nt S v O u c lp L bo ho
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16

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

D. C hai nt S v O u c ba lp electron Cu 32: Trong s cc k hiu sau y ca obitan, k hiu no l sai? A. 2d B. 2p C. 3d D. 4f Cu 33: Phn lp 3d c nhiu nht l? A. 14 e B. 10 e C. 18 e D. 6 e Cu 34: Ion c 18 electron v 16 protron mang in tch l? A. 18+ B. 2C. 18D. 2+ + Cu 35: Cc ion v nt Ne, Na ,F c ? A. s notron bng nhau B. s khi bng nhau C. s protron bng nhau D. s electron bng nhau Cu 36: Cu hnh electron ca ion no sau y ging nh ca kh him? A. Cr3+ B. Te2C. Cu+ D. Fe2+ Cu 37: Vi ht no sau y c s protron nhiu hn s electron? A. Ion K+ B. Nt Na C. Ion ClD. Nt S Cu 38: Nt ca mt nt c in tch ht nhn l 13+, s khi A=27.S electron ho tr ca nt l bao nhiu? A. 13 e B. 14 e C. 5 e D. 3 e 2 2 6 Cu 39: Nt ca nt ho hc no sau y c cu hnh electron l: 1s 2s 2p 3s23p64s1 ? A. Na B. Ca C. K D. Mg Cu 41: Cc electron thuc lp K,L,M trong nt khc nhau v? A. Nng lng trung bnh ca cc lp electron B. bn lin kt vi ht nhn v nng lng trung bnh ca cc electron C. bn lin kt vi ht nhn D. ng chuyn ng ca cc lp electron Cu 42: Mt nt X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng l 6.Cho bit X l nt HH no sau y? A. Flo B. Lu hunh C. Oxi D. Clo Cu 43: Mt nt X c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11.Nt X thuc loi? A. nt f B. nt p C. nt s D. nt d 2 6 Cu 44: Nt ca nt M c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s 3p . dng n cht, phn t M c bao nhiu nt? A. Phn t ch gm ba nt B. Phn t ch gm hai nt C. Phn t ch gm mt nt D. Phn t ch gm bn nt Cu 45: Trong nt ca mt nt HH , trng thi c bn,cc electron c phn b trn bn lp,lp quyt nh tnh cht kim loi ,phi kim hay kh him ? A. cc electron lp M B. cc electron lp N C. cc electron lp K D. cc electron lp L Cu 46: Cu hnh electron ca cc nt c s hiu Z=3,Z=11,Z=19 c c im chung l? A. C tm electron lp ngoi cng B. C hai electron lp ngoi cng C. C mt electron lp ngoi cng D. C ba electron lp ngoi cng Cu 47: Mt nt HH c nhiu loi nt c klg khc nhau v nguyn nhn no sau y? A. Ht nhn c cng s notron nhng khc nhau v s protron B. Ht nhn c cng s notron nhng khc nhau v s electrron C. Ht nhn c cng s protron nhng khc nhau v s notron D. p n khc Cu 48: Mt nt R c tng s ht mang in v khng mang in l 34,trong s ht mang in gp 1,833 ln s ht khng mang in.Nt R v cu hnh electron l? A. Na , 1s22s2 2p63s1 B. F, 1s22s2 2p5 C. Mg , 1s22s2 2p63s2 D. Ne , 1s22s2 2p6 Cu 49: Cho bit st c s hiu nt l 26.Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l? A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d4
10-CB Nm hc 2011-2012 email: kimphuong.thptgianghia@gmail.com

17

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d5 Cu 50: Cation X3+ v anion Y2-u c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6 .K hiu ca nt X,Y ln lt l? A. Mg v O B. Mg v F C. Al v O D. Al v F Cu 51: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca X ,Y ln lt l:X:1s22s22p63s23p3 v Y:1s22s22p63s23p64s1.Nhn xt no sau y l ng? A. X l mt phi kim cn Y l mt kim loi B. X v Y u l kh him C. X v Y u l kim loi D. X v Y u l phi kim Cu 52: Trong nt mt nt c ba lp electron(K,L,M).Lp no trong s c th c cc electron c thn? A. Lp L B. Lp M C. Lp K D. Lp L v M Cu 53: Trong nt mt nt X c 29 electron c thn v 36 ntron.S khi v s lp electron ca nt X ln lt l? A. 64 v 4 B. 65 v 4 C. 64 v 3 D. 65 v 3 Cu 54: Cu hnh electron ca nt biu din? A. S phn b electron trn cc lp v cc phn lp khc nhau B. S chuyn ng ca cc electron trong phn t C. Th t gim dn cc mc v phn mc nng lng ca cc electron D. Th t tng dn cc mc v phn mc nng lng ca cc electron Cu 55: Mt nt c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s1.Nt thuc v cc nt HH no sau y? A. Cu,Cr, K B. Cu, Mg, K C. Cr, K, Ca D. K, Ca,Cu Cu 56: Tng s cc ht protron,ntron v electron trong nt ca mt nt l 40. Bit s ht ntron ln hn s ht protron l 1.Cho bit nt trn thuc loi nt no sau y? A. Nt p B. Nt s C. Nt f D. Nt d Cu 57: Ion no sau y khng c cu hnh ca kh him ? A. 12Mg2+ B. 17ClC. 26Fe2+ D. 11Na+ Cu 58: Nt ca nt X c cu hnh electron hai lp bn ngoi l 3d24s2.Tng s electron trong mt nt ca X l? A. 18 B. 24 C. 22 D. 20 Cu 59: S nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 18 m ht nhn nguyn t c s proton (p) bng s ntron (N) l: A. 5 ng. t B. 6 ng. t C. 7 ng. t D. 8 ng.t 24 Cu 60: Chn cu ng khi ni v nguyn t 12 Mg trong cc cu sau : A. Mg c 12 electron B. Mg c 24 proton C . Mg c 24 electron D. Mg c 24 ntron Cu 61: Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22 ht. K hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X l A. 30 Fe B. 56 Fe C. 26 Fe D. 26 Fe 26 26 26 56 Cu 62: Trong cc nguyn t sau, nguyn t cha s ntron t nht l nguyn t no ? A. 235 U B. 238 U C. 239 Np D. 239 Pu 92 92 93 94 Cu 63: Tm cu sai trong cc cu sau : A. Trong nguyn t ht electron mang in m B. Trong nguyn t, ht nhn mang in dng C. Trong nguyn t, ht ntron mang in dng D. Trong nguyn t, ht ntron khng mang in Cu 64: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 10. S khi ca nguyn t X l A. 10 B. 6 C. 5 D. 7 Cu 65: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 10.S hiu nguyn t l
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18

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. Khng xc nh c Cu 66: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 10. S ht ntron trong nguyn t nguyn t X l A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D.5 Cu 67: Bit 1 mol nguyn t st c khi lng bng 56, mt nguyn t st c 26 electron. S ht e c trong 5,6g st l A. 6,02.022 B. 96,52.1022 C. 3,01.1023 D. 3,01.1022 Cu 68: Trong thnh phn ca mi nguyn t nht thit phi c cc loi ht no sau y ? A. Proton v ntron B. Proton v electron C. Ntron v electron D. Proton, ntron, electron Cu 69: Nguyn t no trong s cc nguyn t sau y c 20 proton, 20 electron, 18 ntron ? 39 40 37 A. 19 K B. 18 Ar C. 38Ca D. 17 Cl Cu 70: Cho cc nguyn t Cl, Al, Na, P, F. Dy no sp xp ng theo th t tng dn ca bn knh nguyn t ? A. Cl < F < P < Al < Na B. F < Cl < P < Al < Na C. Na < Cl < P < Cl < F Cl D. Cl< P < Al < Na < F Cu 71: Nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 34. Bit s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 1. S khi ca X l A. 11 B. 19. C. 21 D. 23 Cu 72: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 13. S khi ca nguyn t l A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11 Cu 73: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. S khi ca nguyn t l A. 108 B. 122 C. 66 D. 94 Cu 74: Nguyn t ng c k hiu 6429Cu. S ht ntron trong 64 gam ng l A. 29 B. 35 C. 35.6,02.1023 D. 29.6,02.1023 Cu 75: S hiu nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 53. Nguyn t c A. 53e v 53 proton B. 53e v 53 ntron C. 53 proton v 53 ntron D. 53 ntron Cu 76: Mt nguyn t c 9 electron v ht nhn ca n c 10 ntron. S hiu ca nguyn t l bao nhiu ? A. 9 B. 18 C. 19 D. 28 Cu 77: Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22 ht. S khi A ca nguyn t X l A. 52 B. 48 C. 56 D. 54 Cu 78: Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22 ht. S th t ca nguyn t l A. 30 B. 26 C. 27 D. 22 Cu 79: Nguyn t Na c 11 proton, 12 ntron, 11 electron. Khi lng ca nguyn t Na l A. ng bng 23 gam B. gn bng 23 gam C- ng bng 23 u D. gn bng 23 u Cu 80: Nguyn t ng (z=29) c s khi l 64. S ht electron trong 64 gam ng l A. 29 B. 35 C. 35.6,02.1023 D. 29.6,02.1023 Cu 81: ng thc no sau y sai ? A. S in tch ht nhn = s electron B. S proton = s electron C. S khi = s proton + s ntron D. S ntron = s proton Cu 82: Pht biu no sau y ng cho c ion F_ v nguyn t Ne? A. Chng c cng s proton B. Chng c s ntron khc nhau C. Chng c cng s electron D. Chng c cng s khi
10-CB Nm hc 2011-2012 email: kimphuong.thptgianghia@gmail.com

19

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Cu 83: Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. S khi ca Y l : A. 23 B. 22 C. 25 D. Tt c u sai. 16 16 18 Cu 84: Cho 3 nguyn t : 8 X ; 9 Y ; 18 Z A. X v Y l 2 ng v ca nhau B. Y v Z l 2 ng v ca nhau C. X v Z l 2 ng v ca nhau D. Khng c cht no l ng v 12 14 14 Cu 85: Cho 3 nguyn t : 6 X ; 7 Y ; 6 Z.Cc nguyn t no l ng v vi nhau ? A. X v Y B. Y v Z C. X v Z D. X, Y v Z 35 35 16 17 17 Cu 86: Cho 5 nguyn t sau : 17 A ; 16 B ; 8 C ; 9 D ; 8 E. Hi cp ng t no l ng v ca nhau ? A. C v D B. C v E C. A v B D. B v C Cu 87: Nguyn t M c cc ng v sau : 55 56 57 58 26 M ; 26 M ; 26 M ; 26 M. ng v ph hp vi t l s proton/s ntron = 13/15 l A. 55 M B. 56 M C. 57 M D. 58 M 26 26 26 26 Cu 88: Trong t nhin cacbon c 2 ng v bn l 12 C v 13 C. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca 6 6 cacbon l 12,011. Phn trm ca 2 ng v trn ln lt l A. 98,9% v 1,1% B. 49,5% v 51,5% C. 99,8% v 0,2% D. 75% v 25% Cu 89: Trong t nhin, cacbon c 2 ng v 12 C v 13 C. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca cacbon l 6 6 12,011. Phn trm ca ng v 12 C l 6 A. 25% B. 1,1% C. 98,9% D. Kt qu khc 12 14 18 16 14 Cu 90: Cho 5 nguyn t : 6 A, 6 B, 8 C, 8 D, 7 E. Hai nguyn t no c cng s ntron ? A. A v B B. B v D C. A v C D. B v E 63 65 Cu 91: ng c 2 ng v bn l 29 Cu v 29 Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn % ca ng v 63 Cu l 29 A. 80% B. 20% C. 35% D. 73% 63 65 Cu 92: ng c 2 ng v l Cu v Cu (chim 27% s nguyn t). Hi 0,5mol Cu c khi lng bao nhiu gam ? A. 31,77g B. 32g C. 31,5g D. 32,5g 63 63 Cu 93: Trong t nhin ng c 2 ng v l 29 Cu v 29 Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca A. 31,34% B. 31,43% Cu 94: Cu no sau y sai ?
63 29 Cu

trong CuCl2 l C. 36,35%

D. Tt c u sai

A. Ht nhn nguyn t 1H khng c ntron 1

2 C. Nguyn t 1 H c s ht khng mang in l 2

B. C th coi ion H+ nh l mt proton

3 D. Nguyn t 1 H c s electron l 1

35 37 Cu 95: Trong t nhin, nguyn t clo c 2 ng v l 17 Cl v 17 Cl, nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5. Phn trm ca 2 ng v trn ln lt l A. 80% v 20% B. 70% v 30% C. 60% v 40% D. 75% v 25% 79 81 Cu 96: Trong t nhin, nguyn t brom c 2 ng v l 35 Br v 35Br. Nu nguyn t khi trung bnh l brom l 79,91 th phn trm ca 2 ng v ny ln lt l A. 35% v 65% B. 45,5% v 54,5% C. 54,5% v 45,5% D. 61,8% v 38,2% Cu 97: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l 79,91. Trong t nhin R c 2 ng v bn. Bit ng v 79 R chim 54,5%. S khi ca ng v th hai l 7 A. 80 B. 81 C. 82 D. 83

10-CB

Nm hc 2011-2012

email: kimphuong.thptgianghia@gmail.com

20

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Cu 98: Mt nguyn t X gm 2 ng v X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht l 18. ng v X2 c tng s ht l 20. Bit rng phn trm cc ng v trong X bng nhau v cc loi ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Hi nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l bao nhiu ? A.12 B. 12,5 C. 13 D. 14 Cu 99: Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca cc nguyn t l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng ba loi ht trn trong ion X_ nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. M v X l nhng nguyn t no sau y : A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Cr v Cl D. Cr v Br 2 Cu 100: Trong nc, hiro ch yu tn ti 2 ng v l 1H v 1 H. Bit nguyn t khi trung bnh 1
2 ca hiro trong H2O nguyn cht l 1,008. S nguyn t ca ng v 1 H trong 1ml nc l A. 5,33.1020 B. 3,53.1020 C. 5,35.1020 D. Tt c u sai 12 13 16 17 Cu 101: Cacbon c 2 ng v 6 C v 6 C. Oxi c 3 ng v 8 O ; 8 O ; 18 O. S phn t CO2 c 8 phn t khi trng nhau l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 2 Cu 102: C cc ng v 16 O, 17 O ; 18 O v 1H, 1 H. Hi c th to ra bao nhiu phn t H2O c 8 8 8 1 thnh phn ng v khc nhau ? A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 18 Cu 103: Pht biu no sau y v nguyn t 8 Y l ng ? 1. Y c 3 lp v c cha electron 2. Y thuc nhm V 3. Y c 10 ntron trong ht nhn A. Ch cu 1 B. Ch cu 3 C. Cu 2 v 3 D. Cu 1, 2 v 3 12 14 16 14 Cu 104: Cho 4 nguyn t : 6 A ; 6 B ; 8 D ; 7 E. Hai nguyn t no c cng s ntron ? A. A v B B. B v D C. A v D D. B v E

Cu 105: Nguyn t cacbon c 2 ng v :

12 13 C chim 98,98% v C chim 1,11%. Nguyn t 6 6

khi trung bnh ca cacbon l A. 12,500 B. 12,011 C. 12,022 D. 12,055 Cu 106: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c phn lp ngoi cng l 4s. iu khng nh no sau y ng ? A. X l kim loi, Y l kim loi B. X l kh him, Y l phi kim C. X l kim loi, Y l kh him D. X l phi kim, Y l kim loi Cu 107: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 21. Tng s obitan nguyn t ( lng t) ca nguyn t nguyn t l A. 5 A. 2 B. 9 B. 8 C. 6 C. 32 D. 7 D. 18 Cu 108: Lp electron th nht ca mt nguyn t cha s electron ti a l : Cu 109: Cho cc nguyn t 1H ; 3Li ; 11Na ; 8O ; 2He ; 10Ne. Nguyn t c s electron c thn bng khng l A. Li, Na B. H, O C. H, Li D. He, Ne Cu 110: S electron ti a lp th n l A. n2 B. n C. 2n2 D. 2n Cu 111: S electron ti a cha trong cc phn lp s, p, d, f ln lt l A. 2, 8, 18, 32 B. 2, 6, 10, 14 C. 2, 4, 6, 8
10-CB Nm hc 2011-2012

D. 2, 6, 8, 18

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21

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

Cu 112: Cho cc nguyn t : 1H ; 3Li ; 11Na ; 7N ; 8O ; 9F ; 2He ; 10Ne Nguyn t ca nguyn t c electron c thn bng 1 l A. H, Li, Na, F B. H, Li, Na C. O, N D. N Cu 113: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 13. Cu hnh electron nguyn t X l A. 1s2 2s2 2p2 B. 1s2 2s2 2p2 C. 1s2 2s2 D. Tt c u sai Cu 114: Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y l A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 4s2 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Cu 115: Ion no sau y khng c cu hnh electron ca kh him ? A. Na+ B. Mg2+ C. Al3+ D. Fe2+ Cu 116: Mt cation Xn+ c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron ca phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X l A. 3s1 B. 3s2 C. 3p1 D. A, B, C u c th ng. Cu 117: Nguyn t nguyn t M c phn b electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d6. Tng s electron ca nguyn t M l A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27 Cu 118: Cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng ca mt ion l 2p6. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t to ra ion l A. 1s2 2s2 2p5 B. 1s2 2s2 2p4 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 D. Tt c u c th ng. 3+ Cu 119: Ion M c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3d2, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l A. [Ar] 3d3 4s2 B. [Ar] 3d5 4s2 Cu 120: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron kt thc 4s1. S hiu nguyn t l A. 19 B. 24 C. 29 D. c A, B, C u ng. 2 Cu 121: Anion X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Hi nguyn t X c cu hnh electron no sau y ? A. 1s2 2s2 2p2 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 C. 1s2 2s2 2p4 D. 1s2 2s2 2p5 Cu 122: Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p3. V tr ca X trong bng tun hon l A. X s 7, chu k 2, nhm VA B. X s 5, chu k 3, nhm IIIA C. X s 3, chu k 2, nhm IIA D. X s 4, chu k 2, nhm IIIA Cu 123: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p3, cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro v cng thc oxit cao nht u ng cp cng thc no sau y ? A. RH2, RO B. RH3, R2O5 C. RH4, RO2 D. RH5, R2O3 Cu 124: Nguyn t X to c cc hp cht bn sau : XH3, XCl5, X2O5, Na3XO4. Trong bng tun hon nguyn t X thuc cng nhm vi nguyn t no sau y ? A. Xenon B. Nit C. Oxi D. Flo Cu 125: Cation R+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 3p6. R thuc chu k no ? Nhm no ? A. Chu k 3, nhm IA B. Chu k 3, nhm VII A C. Chu k 3, nhm VIA D. Chu k 4, nhm IA Cu 126: Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z, T c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l : X : 1s22s22p63s2 Y : 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Z : 1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2 T : 1s22s22p63s23p5 Cc nguyn t cng chu k l A . X v Y B . X v Z C. Y v Z D . Z v T Cu 127: Cho bit s th t ca nguyn t Cu l 29. Hi ng thuc chu k no ? Nhm no ? A. Cu thuc chu k 3, nhm IIB B . Cu thuc chu k 4, nhm IB
10-CB Nm hc 2011-2012 email: kimphuong.thptgianghia@gmail.com

22

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

C. Cu thuc chu k 4, nhm IIA D. Cu thuc chu k 3, nhm IB Cu 128: X v Y l hai nguyn t cng nhm A v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t ca X v Y bng 32. X v Y l cc nguyn t no sau y ? A. N v P B. Al v Ga C. Mg v Ca D. Na v K 2+ Cu 129: Anion X v cation Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. Phng n ng v v tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon l phng n no? A. X chu k 3, nhm VII A, 17; Y chu k 4, nhm IIA, 20 B. X chu k 3, nhm VA, 17; Y chu k 4, nhm IIA, 20 C. X chu k 4, nhm VIIA, 17; Y chu k 3, nhm IIA, 20 D. X chu k 3, nhm VA, 20; Y chu k 4, nhm IIA 17 Cu 130: Ion Y2- c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6. V tr ca Y trong bng tun hon l A . chu k 3, nhm VII A B. chu k 3, nhm VI A C . chu k 3, nhm VA D. chu k 4, nhm IA Cu 131: Hai nguyn t X v Y hai nhm A lin tip trong bng tun hon. Y thuc nhm VA. trng thi n cht X v Y khng tc dng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t X v Y l 23. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X v Y l :
s A X :1 22s22p63s23p3 s2 2 4 Y :1 2s 2p 2 2 3 C 1 2s 2p s s2 2 6 2 4 Y :1 2s 2p 3s 3p X :1 22s22p63s23p4 s B s2 2 3 Y :1 2s 2p s2 2 4 D X :1 2s 2p s2 2 6 2 3 Y :1 2s 2p 3s 3p

Cu 132: Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron nguyn t l 1s22s22p3. Cng thc hp cht vi hiro v cng thc oxit cao nht l A. RH2, RO3 B. RH3, R2O3 C . RH4, R2O5 D. RH3, R2O5 Cu 133: in tch ht nhn ca cc nguyn t l: X (Z=6); Y (Z=7); M (Z=20); Q (Z=19). Nhn xt no ng? A. X thuc nhm VA B. Y, M thuc nhm IIA C. M thuc nhm IIB D. Q thuc nhm IA Cu 134: Cho nguyn t X c Z = 13 v nguyn t Y c Z = 16. Cu no ng trong cc cu sau ? A. Tnh kim loi ca X > Y B. Bn knh nguyn t ca X > Y C. m in ca X < Y D. Tt c u ng. Cu 135: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z ln lt l : X : 1s22s22p63s1; Y : 1s22s22p63s2; Z : 1s22s22p63s23p1 Hiroxit ca X, Y, Z xp theo th t tnh baz tng dn l A. XOH < Y(OH)2 < Z(OH)3 B. Y(OH)2 < Z(OH)3 < XOH C. Z(OH)3 < Y(OH)2 < XOH D. Z(OH)3 < XOH < Y(OH)2 Cu 136: Bit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X, Y, Z, T nh sau: X : 1s22s22p63s23p64s1; Y : 1s22s22p63s1; Z : 1s22s22p63s23p4; T : 1s22s22p4 Dy no sau y xp ng theo th t tng dn tnh phi kim? A.X<Y<Z<T B. X < Y < T < Z C.Y<X<Z<T D. Tt c u sai Cu 137: Ba nguyn t c cc lp electron ln lt l : (X) 2/8/5 ; (Y) 2/8/6 ; (Z) 2/8/7. Dy no sau y c xp theo th t gim dn tnh axit ? A . HZO4 > H2YO4 > H3XO4 B. H3XO4 > H2YO4 > HZO4 C . H2ZO4 > H2YO4 > HXO4 D. H2YO4 > HZO4 > H3XO4 Cu 138: C hp cht MX3.
10-CB Nm hc 2011-2012 email: kimphuong.thptgianghia@gmail.com

23

Cu to nguyn t-BTH

Gv st: Hong Th Kim Phng

- Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. - Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8. - Tng s 3 loi ht trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. M v X l nhng nguyn t no sau y ? A . Al v Cl B. Mg v Br C. Al v Br D. Cr v Cl Cu 139: Ba nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z c tng s in tch ht nhn bng 16, hiu in tch ht nhn X v Y l 1. Tng s electron trong ion [X3Y]- l 32. X, Y, Z l A. O, N, H B. N, C, Li C. F, C, H D. tt c u sai Cu 140: Cho 34,25g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng ht vi nc thu c 5,6 lit kh H2(ktc) . Kim loi l A. bc B. bari C. magie D. canxi + Cu 141: Hp cht M c to thnh t 2 cation X v anion Y2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong X+ l 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2- l 50. Bit rng 2 nguyn t trong Y2- thuc cng mt nhm A v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. *M c cng thc phn t no sau y ? A . NH4NO3 B. (NH4)2SO4 C. (NH4)2SO3 D. (NH4)3PO4 Cu 142: Hp cht M2X c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Nguyn t khi X ln hn M l 9. Tng s 3 loi ht trong ion X2- nhiu hn trong ion M+ l 17 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M v X l A. 21 v 31 B. 22 v 30 C. 23 v 34 D. 23 v 32

10-CB

Nm hc 2011-2012

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