Bi tp n tp cho hc sinh thi hc sinh gii tnh 2009 2010

Bi tp v horocacbon 1) t chy hon ton a mol mt hirocacbon A ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo nc vi trong d , to ra 4 gam cht kt ta . Lc tch kt ta , cn li bnh ng nc vi trong d th thy khi lng gim 1,376 gam . a) Xc nh CTPT ca A b) Cho clo ho ht a mol A bng cch chiu sng , sau phn ng thu c mt hn hp B gm 4 ng phn cha clo . Bit dB/H2 < 93 v hiu sut phn ng t 100% , t s kh nng phn ng ca nguyn t H cac bon bc I : II : III = 1: 3,3 : 4,4 . Tnh s mol cc ng phn trong hn hp B 2) Hon thnh s phn ng sau : CH3 C(C6H5) = CH- CH3 CH3(C6H5)CH-CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH(CH3)C6H5 + Br2 CH3CH(C6H5)CH2CH3 + Br2 CH3CH(C6H5)=CH-CH3 + HBr 3) 5 cht hu c A, B , C , D , E u c phn t khi < 160 vC ,v c % C = 92,3% . a) Nu hiro ho hon ton A ta c A c %C = 80% . Tm CTCT ca A, A b) iu kin thch hp A to thnh B . Nu cho B tc dungj vi H2 d , xc tc Ni c B c %C = 85,714%. Mt khc B , B u khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2 . Xc nh CTCT ca B . B c) C tc dng vi H2 theo t l mol 1: 4 nhit hn 200oC thu c cht C . C cng dy ng ng vi B . Xc nh CTCT ca C, C . Bit C lm mt mu dung dch Br2 iu kin thng , phn ng theo t l mol 1: 1 d) D l cht hu c c mch h , c phn t khi nh hn B . Xc nh CTCT ca D e) E lm mt mu dung dch Br2 iu kin thng v cho 1 sn phm cha 26,67% C v khi lng . Xc nh CTCT ca E . Oxi ho E bng dung dch thuc tm trong mi trng H2SO4 thu c mt sn phm hu c F duy nht cha 57,83% C .Xc nh CTCT ca E , F 4) t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht A ( kh ) bng O2 trong mt bnh kn . Nu gi nguyn nng ca A v tng nng ca O2 ln gp i th tc phn ng chy tng gp 32 ln a) Tm CTPT c th c ca A b) Xc nh CTCT ng ca A , bit khi ngi ta cho 2,24 lt (ktc) kh qua lng d AgNO3 trong NH3 th sau mt thi gian kt ta vut qu 16 gam 5) Gii thch s bin i sau y - Nhit nng chy gim theo th t sau : n- butan ; iso butan ; neo pentan - Trans anken c nhit nng chy cao hn ng phn cis ca n , nhng li c nhit j si thp hn - Toluen c nhit nng chy thp hn bezen , nhng c nhit si cao hn. 6) Cho mt hn hp kh A gm H2 v mt olefin 82oC , 1atm ; c t l mol 1:1 . Cho A qua ng s cha Ni nung nng thu c hn hp kh B c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 23,2 . Hiu sut phn ng l h . Tm cng thc ca olefin v tnh hiu sut h. 7) Mt hirocacbon mch h th kh iu kin thng , nng hn khng kh v khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2 a) Xc nh CTPT ca A , bit rng A ch cho mt sn phm th monoclo b) Trn 6 gam A vi 14,2 gam Cl2 c chiu sng thu c 2 sn phm th mono v diclo , hai sn phm th ny th lng ktc . Cho hn hp kh cn li i qua dung dch NaOH d th cn li mt cht kh duy nht thot ra khi bnh c V= 2,24 lt (ktc) . Dung dch trong NaOH c kh nng oxi ho 200 ml dung dch FeSO4 0,5M . Xc nh khi lng mi sn phm th 8) ) Hirocacbon A c cng thc tng qut CnHn+1 . Mt mol A phn ng va 4 mol H2 hay 1 mol Br2 trong dung dch nc brom. Oxi ho A thu c hn hp sn phm trong c axit axetic. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca A vi dung dch Brom; vi HBr; vi Br2 (xc tc FeBr3).

9) Cho s phn ng: A +HBr

+ C3H7OH, H+ B + C +H2O, t0si

D E + F Hp cht A c oxi v cha 41,38% cacbon; 3,45% hidro. Hp cht B c oxi v cha 60% cacbon, 8% hidro. Hp cht E c oxi v cha 35,82% cacbon, 4,48% hidro. Bit rng 2,68 gam E phn ng va vi 10 gam dung dch NaOH 16 %. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A,B, D, E. Bit rng nu tch 1 phn t nc th s thu c A. 10) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng: ( sn phm chnh, t l mol 1:1) a) CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl b) S-cis butaien-1,3 + etilen ( 2000C) c) Benzen + Propen ( xc tc H+) d) Tluen + KMnO4 ( mi trng H+) e) FCH2-CH=CH2 + HBr 11 Cho n-butan phn ng vi Clo ( t l mol 1:1), chiu sng c hn hp 2 sn phm hu c A v B cng kh C. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Kh C c ho tan trong nc, trung ho dung dch cn 800 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M . Tnh khi lng sn phm A, B , bit nguyn t Hidro Cc bon bc II c kh nng phn ng cao hn 3 ln so vi nguyn t Hidro Cc bon bc I. 12) Hirocacbon A (CxHy). Trong phn ng t chy hon ton A (th hi) trong bnh kn, nu tng nng O2 ln 2 ln cng nhit th tc phn ng chy tng ln 1024 ln. - Xc nh cng thc phn t c th c ca A. -Bit trong phn ng t chy A th tich CO2 bng 2 ln th tch hi nc to thnh. Khi trn 0,5 lt hi A v 2 lt H2 cng iu kin dn qua xc tc Ni nung nng thu c hirocacbon B duy nht. 1,04 gam A va lm mt mu dung dch cha 1,6 gam brom. Tm cng thc cu to ca A,B. 13) X, Y ,Z l 3 hirocacbon kh kt - t chy mi kh vi s mol nh nhau s c lng nc nh nhau -Trn X vi oxi ( lng d gp i lng cn thit t chy ht X) c hn hp A O0C , p sut p . t chy ht X , tng th tch kh thu c sau phn ng 2730C , p sut 1,5p gp 1,4 ln th tch ca hn hp A - Y khng lm mt mu nc Br2 a) Xc nh CTPT , CTCT c th c ( mch h ) ca X, Y , Z b) Cho hn hp B gm 3 hirocacbon trn - Cho 12,9 gam hn hp b tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c 8,05 gam kt ta - Nu cho 1,568 lt ( ktc) B tc dng vi nc Br2 d th thy c 6,4 gam Br2 phn ng. Tnh t khi ca B i vi H2.