N THI HA 12

Ngy son: ....../..... / 2010 Ngy ging: ..../...../ 2010

Tit 1,2,3: I CNG V KIM LOI A. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HA CA KIM LOI I./ Tnh cht vt l: Kim loi c nhng tnh cht vt l chung :Tnh do - Tnh dn in - Tnh dn nhit - nh kim Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc electron t do trong mng tinh th kim loi. II./ Tnh cht ha hc: Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh (d b oxi ha) M ---> Mn+ + ne 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: 2Fe + 3Cl2 t 2FeCl3 Cu + Cl2 t CuCl2 4Al + 3O2 t 2Al2O3 Fe + S t FeS Hg + S ------> HgS 2./ Tc dng vi dung dch axit: a./ Vi dung dch axit HCl , H2SO4 long: (tr cc kim loi Cu , Ag , Hg , Au khng c phn ng) sn phm l mui v kh H2. Th d: Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 b./ Vi dung dch HNO3 , H2SO4 c: (tr Pt , Au khng phn ng) sn phm l mui + sn phm kh + nc. Th d: 3Cu + 8HNO3 (long) t 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O Fe + 4HNO3 (long) t Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O Cu + 2H2SO4 (c) t CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Ch : HNO3 , H2SO4 c ngui khng phn ng vi cc kim loi Al , Fe, Cr 3./ Tc dng vi nc: cc kim loi Li , K , Ba , Ca , Na phn ng c vi nc nhit thng to baz v kh H2 Th d: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 4./ Tc dng vi dung dch mui: kim loi mnh hn kh ion ca kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui thnh kim loi t do. Th d: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu III./ Dy in ha ca kim loi: 1./ Dy in ha ca kim loi: K+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+ Au
o o o o o o o

K Na Mg

Tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng dn Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu

Fe2+ Ag Au

Tnh kh ca kim loi gim dn 2./ ngha ca dy in ha: D on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ha kh xy ra theo chiu: cht oxi ha mnh hn s oxi ha cht kh mnh hn sinh ra cht oxi ha yu hn v cht kh yu hn. Th d: phn ng gia 2 cp Fe2+/Fe v Cu2+/Cu l: Cu2+ + Fe Fe2+ + Cu Oxh mnh kh mnh oxh yu kh yu

B. S N MN KIM LOI 1

N THI HA 12 I./ Khi nim: S n mn kim loi l s ph hy kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng xung quanh. M ----> Mn+ + ne II./ Cc dng n mn kim loi: 1./ n mn ha hc: l qu trnh oxi ha - kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng. 2./ n mn in ha hc: a./ Khi nim: n mn in ha l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng. b./ C ch: + Cc m: kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn b oxi ha. + Cc dng: kim loi c tnh kh yu hn. III./ Chng n mn kim loi: a./ Phng php bo v b mt: b./ Phng php in ha: Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn. Th d: bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta gn vo nhng mt ngoi ca v tu (phn chm di nc) nhng l km (Zn). C. IU CH KIM LOI I./Nguyn tc: Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t. Mn+ + ne ----> M II./ Phng php: 1./ Phng php nhit luyn: dng iu ch nhng kim loi nh Zn , Fe , Sn , Pb , Cu , Hg Dng cc cht kh mnh nh: C , CO , H2 hoc Al kh cc ion kim loi trong oxit nhit cao. Th d: PbO + H2 t Pb + H2O Fe2O3 + 3CO t 2Fe + 3CO2 2./ phng php thy luyn: dng iu ch nhng kim loi Cu , Ag , Hg Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi trong dung dch mui Th d: Fe + CuSO4 ---> Cu + FeSO4 3./ Phng php in phn: a./ in phn nng chy: iu ch nhng kim loi K , Na , Ca , Mg , Al. in phn nng chy cc hp cht (mui, oxit, baz) ca chng. c Th d: 2NaCl p n 2Na + Cl2 pnc MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 c 2Al2O3 p n 4Al + 3O2 b./ in phn dung dch: iu ch kim loi ng sau Al. d Th d: CuCl2 pd Cu + Cl2 d 4AgNO3 + 2H2O pd 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 d CuSO4 + 2H2O pd 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2
o o

E. BI TP P DNG L THUYT 1./ Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt cc kim loi ? A. Vng B. bc C. ng 2./ Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. bc B. vng C. nhm 3./ Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht btrong tt c cc kim loi ? A. W B. Cr C. Fe 4./ Kim loi no sau y mm nht trong s tt c cc kim loi ? A. Li B. Cs C. Na 2

D. nhm D. ng D. Cu D. K

N THI HA 12 5./ Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. W B. Fe C. Cu D. Zn 6./ Kim loi no sau y nh nht trong s tt c cc kim loi ? A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb 7./ Mt nguyn t c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 40. l nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y ? A. Ca B. Ba C. Al D. Fe 8./ C cc kim loi Cs, Fe, Cr, W, Al. cng ca chng gim dn theo th t dy no sau y ? A. Cs, Fe, Cr, W, Al B. W, Fe, Cr, Cs, Al C. Cr, W, Fe, Al, Cs D. Fe, W, Cr, Al, Cs 9./ C cc kim loi Cu, Ag, Fe, Al, Au. dn in ca chng gim dn theo th t dy no sau y ? A. Ag, Cu, Au, Al, Fe B. Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, Au C. Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al D. Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au 10./ Kim loi c nhng tnh cht vt l chung no sau y ? A. tnh do, tnh dn in, nhit nng chy cao B. tnh do, tnh dn in v nhit, c nh kim C. tnh dn in v nhit, c khi lng ring ln, c nh kim D. tnh do, c nh kim, rt cng 11./ Kim loi no sau y khng tc dng vi nc iu kin thng ? A. Na B. Ba C. Ca D. Al 12./ Dy kim loi tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l: A. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn B. Cu, Pb, Rb, Ag C. K, Na, Ca, Ba D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr 13./ Kim loi no sau y c th tan trong dung dch HCl ? A. Sn B. Cu C. Ag D. Hg 14./ Kim loi no sau y c th y Fe ra khi dung dch mui Fe(NO3)2 ? A. Ni B. Sn C. Zn D. Cu 15./ Kim loi M tc dng c vi cc dung dch: HCl, Cu(NO3)2, HNO3 c ngui. M l kim loi no ? A. Al B. Ag C. Zn D. Fe 16./ tch ring tng kim loi ra khi dung dch cha ng thi mui AgNO3 v Pb(NO3)2, ngi ta dng ln lt cc kim loi no ? A. Cu, Fe B. Pb, Fe C. Ag, Pb D. Zn, Cu 17./ Mt cation kim loi M c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Vy, cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi M khng th l cu hnh no ? A. 3s1 B. 3s23p1 C. 3s23p3 D. 3s2 18./ Dy cc kim loi c xp theo th t tnh kh tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. Al , Mg , Fe B. Fe , Al , Mg C. Fe , Mg , Al D. Mg , Fe , Al 19./ bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn chm di nc) nhng tm kim loi: A. Pb B. Sn C. Zn D. Cu 20./ Dy cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nht thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l: A. Ba , Fe , K B. Na , Ba , K C. Be , Na , Ca D. Na , Fe , K 21./ Khi iu ch kim loi, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr l cht: A. b oxi ha B. b kh C. nhn proton D. cho proton 22./ Cho phn ng: aFe + bHNO3 ---> cFe(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O. Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Tng (a + b) bng: A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6 23./ in phn NaCl nng chy vi in cc tr, catot thu c: A. Na B. Na2CO3 C. NaOH D. NaCl 24./ Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l: A. tnh oxi ha v tnh kh B. tnh baz C. tnh kh D. tnh oxi ha 25./ Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l tnh kh v: 3

N THI HA 12 A. nguyn t kim loi thng c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng B. nguyn t kim loi c nng lng ion ha nh C. kim loi c xu hng nhn thm electron t n cu trc bn D. nguyn t kim loi c m in ln. 26./ Kim loi phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l: A. Fe B. Na C. Cu D. Ag 27./ ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch: A. HCl B. H2SO4 long C. H2SO4 c, nng D. FeSO4 28./ Cho Fe phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu . Cht kh l: A. NO2 B. N2O C. N2 D. NH3 29./ Kim loi khng tc dng vi nc nhit thng l: A. Fe B. Na C. K D. Ba 30./ Cho 4 dung dch mui: Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2. Kim loi no sau y tc dng c vi c 4 dung dch mui trn ? A. Zn B. Fe C. Cu D. Pb 31./ Cho cc kim loi: Fe , Al , Mg , Cu , Zn , Ag. S kim loi tc dng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long l: A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6 32./ Kim loi khng tc dng vi axit clohidric(HCl) l: A. Al B. Zn C. Fe D. Ag 33./ Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l: A. Na2O B. CaO C. K2O D. CuO t 34./ Cho phn ng: Fe2O3 + 3CO 2X + 3CO2 . Cht X trong phn ng trn l: A. Fe B. Fe3O4 C. FeO D. Fe3C 35./ nhit cao, CuO khng phn ng c vi: A. Ag B. H2 C. Al D. CO 36./ Trong s cc kim loi Na , Mg , Al , Fe. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l: A. Na B. Fe C. Al D. Mg 37./ Kim loi Cu tc dng c vi dung dch cht no sau y ? A. AgNO3 B. MgCl2 C. FeCl2 D. CaCl2 38./ Kim loi khng th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l: A. Zn B. Al C. Cu D. Fe 39./ S ph hy kim loi hay hp kim do kim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi ha trong mi trng c gi l: A. s kh kim loi B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc C. s n mn ha hc D. s n mn in ha 40./ Phng php iu ch kim loi bng cch dng n cht kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi khc trong dung dch mui c gi l: A. phng php nhit luyn B. phng php thy luyn C. phng php in phn D. phng php thy phn 41./ Kim loi Ni phn ng c vi tt c mui trong dung dch dy no sau y ? A. NaCl , AlCl3 , ZnCl2 B. MgSO4 , CuSO4 , AgNO3 C. Pb(NO3)2 , AgNO3 , NaCl D. AgNO3 , CuSO4 , Pb(NO3)2 42./ Cho 3 kim loi l Al , Fe , Cu v 4 dung dch mui ring bit l ZnSO4 , AgNO3 , CuCl2 , MgSO4. Kim loi no tc dng c vi c 4 dung dch mui cho ? A. Al B. Fe C. Cu D. khng kim loi no 43./ Cho Cu d tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c dung dch X. Cho Fe d tc dng vi dung dch X thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y cha: A. Fe(NO3)3 B. Fe(NO3)2 C. Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 d D. Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2 d 44./ Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3 v MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn gm: A. Cu , Al , Mg B. Cu , Al , MgO C. Cu , Al2O3 , Mg D. Cu , Al2O3 , MgO
o

N THI HA 12 45./ Cho cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p6. Dy cht no sau y gm cc nguyn t v ion c cu hnh electron nh trn ? A. K+, Cl, Ar B. Li+, Br, Ne C. Na+, Cl, Ar D. Na+, F-, Ne 46./ Cation R+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Nguyn t R l: A. F B. Na C. K D. Cl 47./ Thy ngn d bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k thy ngn b v th dng cht no sau y kh c thy ngn ? A. bt st B. bt lu hunh C. bt than D. nc 48./ Nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi (dn in, dn nhit, do, nh kim) gy nn ch yu bi: A. cu to mng tinh th ca kim loi B. khi lng ring ca kim loi C. tnh cht ca kim loi D. cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi 3+ 49./ Trong dy in ha, cp Al /Al ng trc cp Fe2+/Fe. iu ny cho bit: A. tnh oxi ha ca Al3+ nh hn ca Fe2+ B. tnh kh ca Al ln hn ca Fe C. tnh oxi ha ca Al ln hn ca Fe D. tnh kh ca Al ln hn ca Fe2+ 50./ Cho cc ht Cu vo dung dch AgNO3 thy xut hin: A. dd c mu xanh v c kh mu nu bay ln B. di y ng nghim c kt ta Ag C. trn cc ht Cu c mt lp Ag mu sng , dung dch khng mu D. dung dch mu xanh, trn cc ht Cu c mt lp Ag mu sng. BI TP 51./ Theo phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 ---> FeSO4 + Cu, c sn phm l 0,1 mol Cu th khi lng Fe tham gia phn ng l: A. 2,8 g B. 5,6 g C. 11,2 g D. 56 g 52./ Ngm mt inh st trong 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 1M, gi thit ng to ra bm ht vo inh st. Sau khi phn ng xong ly inh st ra, sy kh, khi lng inh Fe tng thm A. 15,5 g B. 0,8 g C. 2,7 g D. 2,4 g 53./ Cho 3,2 gam Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d th th tch kh NO2 (ktc) thu c l: A. 1,12 lit B. 2,24 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 4,48 lit 54./ Cho 5,6 gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c th tch kh H2 (ktc) l: A. 2,24 lit B. 4,48 lit C. 1,12 lit D. 6,72 lit 55./ Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lit kh H2 (ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 6,4 gam B. 4,4 gam C. 5,6 gam D. 3,4 gam 57./ Ngm 9 gam hp kim Cu Zn trong dung dch axit HCl d thu c 896 ml kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng ca Cu l: A. 6,4 gam B. 3,2 gam C. 2,6 gam D. 1,3 gam 58./ Cho 2,06 g hn hp gm Fe, Al v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 0,896 lit NO duy nht (ktc). Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l: A. 9,5 g B. 7,44 g C. 7,02 g D. 4,54 g 59./ Nhng thanh Fe vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1 M . Sau khi mu xanh ca dung dch mt, ly thanh Fe ra ( gi s ton b Cu sinh ra bm ht vo thanh Fe) thy khi lng thanh Fe. A. tng 1,28 gam B. tng 1,6 gam C. tng 0,16 gam D. gim 1,12 gam 61./ Nung nng 16,8 g bt Fe v 6,4 g bt S (khng c khng kh) thu c sn phm X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c V lit kh thot ra (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24 lit B. 4,48 lit C. 6,72 lit D. 3,36 lit 62./ kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO v ZnO thnh kim loi cn 2,24 lit H2 (ktc). Nu em hn hp kim loi thu c cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th th tch kh H2 thu c l: A. 4,48 lit B. 1,12 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 2,24 lit 63./ Cho 6,72 lit kh H2 (ktc) i qua ng ng 32 g CuO nung nng thu c cht rn A. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M tc dng ht vi A l: A. 0,2 lit B. 0,1 lit C. 0,3 lit D. 0,01 lit 5

N THI HA 12 65./ Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 6,84 gam mui sunfat. Kim loi l: A. Mg B. Fe C. Al D. Zn 66./ Cho 4,8 gam mt kim loi R ha tr II tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,12 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Kim loi R l: A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu 67./ Cho 2,16 gam kim loi R tc dng vi kh clo (d) thu c 8,55 gam mui. Kim loi R l: A. Mg B. Al C. Ca D. Fe 68./ Cho 4,875 g mt kim loi M ha tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,12 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Kim loi M l: A. Zn B. Mg C. Ni D. Cu 69./ t chy ht 3,6 g mt kim loi ha tr II trong kh clo thu c 14,25 g mui khan ca kim loi . Kim loi mang t l: A. Zn B. Cu C. Mg D. Ni 71./ Ha tan 1,44 g mt kim loi ha tr II trong 150 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha lng axit d trong dung dch thu c, phi dng ht 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Kim loi l: A. Ba B. Ca C. Mg D. Be 72./ Ha tan hon ton 0,5 g hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ha tr II trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lit H2 (ktc). Kim loi ha tr II l: A. Mg B. Ca C. Zn D. Be 73./ in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M . catot thu c 6 gam kim loi v anot c 3,36 lit kh (ktc) thot ra. Mui clorua l: A. NaCl B. KCl C. BaCl2 D. CaCl2 74./ in phn bng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi ha tr II vi dng in c cng 6A. Sau 29 pht in phn thy khi lng catot tng 3,45 g. Kim loi l: A. Zn B. Cu C. Ni D. Sn 75./ in phn 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in 10A trong mt thi gian thu c 0,224 lit kh (ktc) anot. Bit in cc dng l in cc tr v hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi lng catot tng l: A. 1,28 g B. 0,32 g C. 0,64 g D. 3,2 g 77./ kh hon ton 30 g hn hp gm: CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe, MgO cn dng 5,6 lit kh CO (ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l: A. 28 g B. 26 g C. 24 g D. 22 g 78./ kh hon ton 45 gam hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe v MgO cn dng va 8,4 lit CO (ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l: A. 39 g B. 38 g C. 24 g D. 42 g 79./ Ha tan 20 gam hn hp Fe v Mg trong dung dch HCl thu c 1 gam H2. Khi c cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 54,5 g B. 55,5 g C. 56,5 g D. 57,5 g 80./ kh hon ton 23,2 g mt oxit kim loi, cn dng 8,96 lit H2 (ktc). Kim loi l: A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Cr .......................................................................................................................

Ngy son: ....../..... / 2010 Ngy ging: ..../...../ 2010

Tit 4,5,6: KIM

LOI KIM , KIM LOI KIM TH , NHM

KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM

N THI HA 12

A./ Kim loi kim:

I./ V tr trong bng tun hon, cu hnh electron: Kim loi kim gm: Liti (Li) , Natri (Na) , Kali (K) , Rubii (Rb) , Xesi (Cs) , Franxi (Fr). Thuc nhm IA Cu hnh electron: Li (Z=3) 1s22s1 hay [He]2s1 Na (Z=11) 1s22s22p63s1 hay [Ne]3s1 K (Z=19) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 hay [Ar]4s1 u c 1e lp ngoi cng II./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh: M ---> M+ + e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: 4Na + O2 ---> 2Na2O 2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl 2./ Tc dng vi axit (HCl , H2SO4 long): to mui v H2 Th d: 2Na + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H2 3./ Tc dng vi nc: to dung dch kim v H2 Th d: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2 III./ iu ch: 1./ Nguyn tc: kh ion kim loi kim thnh nguyn t. 2./ Phng php: in phn nng chy mui halogen hoc hidroxit ca chng. Th d: iu ch Na bng cch in phn nng chy NaCl v NaOH c PTP: 2NaCl p n 2Na + Cl2 c 4NaOH p n 4Na + 2H2O + O2 B./ Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim: I./ Natri hidroxit NaOH + Tc dng vi axit: to v nc Th d: NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O + Tc dng vi oxit axit: to mui v nc Th d: 2NaOH + CO2 ---> Na2CO3 + H2O + Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Th d: 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 II./ Natri hidrocacbonat NaHCO3 1./ phn ng phn hy: Th d: 2NaHCO3 t Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2./ Tnh lng tnh: + Tc dng vi axit: NaHCO3 + HCl ---> NaCl + CO2 + H2O + Tc dng vi dung dch baz: NaHCO3 + NaOH ---> Na2CO3 + H2O III./ Natri cacbonat Na2CO3 + Tc dng vi dung dch axit mnh: Th d: Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trong nc cho mi trng kim IV./ Kali nitrat: KNO3 Tnh cht: c phn ng nhit phn Th d: 2KNO3 ---> 2KNO2 + O2
o

KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH

A./ Kim loi kim th

I./ V tr cu hnh electron: Thuc nhm IIA gm cc nguyn t sau: beri (Be) , magie (Mg) , canxi (Ca) , stronti (Sr) , bari (Ba). 7

N THI HA 12 Cu hnh electron: Be (Z=4) 1s22s2 hay [He]2s2 Mg (Z=12) 1s22s22p63s2 hay [Ne]3s2 Ca (Z= 20) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 hay [Ar]4s2 u c 2e lp ngoi cng II./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh (nhng yu hn kim loi kim) M ---> M2+ + 2e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: Ca + Cl2 ---> CaCl2 2Mg + O2 ---> 2MgO 2./ Tc dng vi dung dch axit: a./ Vi axit HCl , H2SO4 long: to mui v gii phng H2 Th d: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2 Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2 b./ Vi axit HNO3 , H2SO4 c: to mui + sn phm kh + H2O Th d: 4Mg + 10HNO3 ( long) ---> 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O 4Mg + 5H2SO4 (c) ---> 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O 3./ Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng: Ca , Sr , Ba phn ng to baz v H2. Th d: Ca + 2H2O ---> Ca(OH)2 + H2

B./ Mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi:

I./ Canxi hidroxit Ca(OH)2: + Tc dng vi axit: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + 2H2O + Tc dng vi oxit axit: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O (nhn bit kh CO2) + Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + 2NaOH II./ Canxi cacbonat CaCO3: t + Phn ng phn hy: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 + Phn ng vi axit mnh: CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O + Phn ng vi nc c CO2: CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 ---> Ca(HCO3)2 III./ Canxi sunfat: Thch cao sng: CaSO4.2H2O Thch cao nung: CaSO4.H2O Thch cao khan: CaSO4 C./ Nc cng: 1./ Khi nim: nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi l nc cng. Phn loi: a./ Tnh cng tm thi: gy nn bi cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 b./ Tnh cng vnh cu: gy nn bi cc mui CaSO4 , MgSO4 , CaCl2 , MgCl2 c./ Tnh cng ton phn: gm c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu. 2./ Cch lm mm nc cng: Nguyn tc: l lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+ , Mg2+ trong nc cng. a./ phng php kt ta: * i vi nc c tnh cng tm thi: + un si , lc b kt ta. t Th d:Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O + Dng Ca(OH)2 , lc b kt ta: Th d:Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> 2CaCO3 + 2H2O + Dng Na2CO3 ( hoc Na3PO4): Th d: Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 * i vi nc c tnh cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4) Th d: CaSO4 + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + Na2SO4
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N THI HA 12 b./ Phng php trao i ion: 3./ Nhn bit ion Ca2+ , Mg2+ trong dung dch: Thuc th: dung dch cha CO32- (nh Na2CO3 ) NHM V HP CHT CA NHM

A./ Nhm:
I./ V tr cu hnh electron: Nhm IIIA , chu k 3 , th 13. Cu hnh electron: Al (Z=13): 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 Al3+: 1s22s22p6 II./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh mnh (yu hn kim loi kim, kim th) Al --> Al3+ + 3e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: 2Al + 3Cl2 ---> 2AlCl3 4Al + 3O2 ---> 2Al2O3 2./ Tc dng vi axit: a./ Vi axit HCl , H2SO4 long: Th d: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 b./ Vi axit HNO3 , H2SO4 c: Th d: Al + 4HNO3 (long) ---> Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 2Al + 6H2SO4 (c) t Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Ch : Al khng tc dng vi HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui 3./ Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: Th d: 2Al + Fe2O3 t Al2O3 + 2Fe 4./ Tc dng vi nc: Nhm khng tc dng vi nc d nhit cao v trn b mt ca Al ph kin mt lp Al2O3 rt mng, bn v mn khng cho nc v kh thm qua. 5./ Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Th d: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O ---> 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 IV./ Sn xut nhm: 1./ nguyn liu: qung boxit (Al2O3.2H2O) 2./ Phng php: in phn nhm oxit nng chy c Th d: 2Al2O3 p n 4Al + 3O2
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B./ Mt s hp cht ca nhm

I./ Nhm oxit A2O3: Al2O3 l oxit lng tnh Tc dng vi axit: Al2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Al2O3 + 2NaOH ---> 2NaAlO2 + H2O II./ Nhm hidroxit Al(OH)3: Al(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh. Tc dng vi axit: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl ---> AlCl3 + 3H2O Tc dng vi dung dch kim: Al(OH)3 + NaOH ---> NaAlO2 + 2H2O iu ch Al(OH)3: AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O ---> Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl Hay: AlCl3 + 3NaOH ---> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl III./ Nhm sunfat: Quan trng l phn chua, cng thc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O IV./ Cch nhn bit ion Al3+ trong dung dch: + Thuc th: dung dch NaOH d + Hin tng: kt ta keo trng xut hin sau tan trong NaOH d.

N THI HA 12 BI TP P DNG 1./ Nhng nguyn t trong nhm IA ca bng tun hon c sp xp t trn xung di theo th t tng dn ca: A. in tch ht nhn nguyn t B. khi lng ring C. nhit si D. s oxi ha 2./ c im no sau y khng l c im chung cho cc kim loi nhm IA ? A. s electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t B. s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht C. cu to mng tinh th ca n cht D. bn knh nguyn t 3./ Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l: A. ns1 B. ns2 C. ns2np1 D. (n 1)dxnsy + 2 4./ Cation M c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s 2p6. M+ l cation no sau y ? A. Ag+ B. Cu+ C. Na+ D. K+ 5./ bo qun cc kim loi kim cn phi lm g ? A. ngm chng vo nc B. gi chng trong l c y np kn C. ngm chng trong ru nguyn cht D. ngm chng trong du ha 6./ Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no trong ion Na+ b kh thnh nguyn t Na ? A. 4Na + O2 ---> 2Na2O B. 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2 C. 4NaOH ---> 4Na + O2 + 2H2O D. 2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2 7./ Phn ng c trng nht ca cc kim loi kim l phn ng no ? A. kim loi kim tc dng vi nc B. kim loi kim tc dng vi oxi C. kim loi kim tc dng vi dung dch axit D. kim loi kim tc dng vi dung dch mui 8./ Hin tng no xy ra khi cho Na kim loi vo dung dch CuSO4 ? A. si bt kh khng mu v c kt ta xanh B. b mt kim loi c mu , dung dch nht mu C. si bt kh khng mu v c kt ta mu D. b mt kim loi c mu v c kt ta mu xanh 9./ Dung dch no sau y khng lm i mu qu tm ? A. NaOH B. NaHCO3 C. Na2CO3 D. NH4Cl 10./ Trong cc mui sau, mui no d b nhit phn ? A. LiCl B. NaNO3 C. KHCO3 D. KBr 11./ Nu M l nguyn t nhm IA th oxit ca n c cng thc l g ? A. MO2 B. M2O3 C. MO D. M2O 12./ trng thi c bn, nguyn t kim loi kim th c s electron ha tr l: A. 1e B. 2e C. 3e D. 4e 13./ Cho cc cht: Ca , Ca(OH)2 , CaCO3 , CaO. Da vo mi quan h gia cc hp cht v c, hy chn dy bin i no sau y c th thc hin c ? A. Ca ---> CaCO3 ---> Ca(OH)2 ---> CaO B. Ca ---> CaO ---> Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCO3 C. CaCO3 ---> Ca ---> CaO ---> Ca(OH)2 D. CaCO3 ---> Ca(OH)2 ---> Ca ---> CaO 14./ C th dng cht no sau y lm mm nc c tnh cng tm thi ? A. NaCl B. H2SO4 C. Na2CO3 D. KNO3 15./ Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 s: A. c kt ta trng B. c bt kh thot ra C. c kt ta trng v bt kh thot ra D. khng c hin tng g 16./ Anion gc axit no di y c th lm mm nc cng ? A. NO3B. SO42C. ClO4D. PO4317./ Trong nc t nhin thng c ln mt lng nh cc mui Ca(NO3)2 , Mg(NO3)2 , Ca(HCO3)2 , Mg(HCO3)2. C th dng dung dch no sau y loi ng thi cc cation trong cc mui trn ra khi nc ? 10

N THI HA 12 A. dung dch NaOH B. dd K2SO4 C. dd Na2CO3 D. dd NaNO3 18./ S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 19./ Mui khi tan trong nc to thnh dung dch c mi trng kim. Mui l: A. NaCl B. Na2CO3 C. KHSO4 D. MgCl2 20./ Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l: A. dung dch NaOH v Al2O3 B. dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch MgCl2 C. K2O v H2O D. dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch KCl 21./ Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cc ion: A. SO42- v ClB. HCO3- v ClC. Na+ v K+ D. Ca2+ v Mg2+ 22./ Cht khng c tnh cht lng tnh l: A. Al2O3 B. Al(OH)3 C. AlCl3 D. NaHCO3 23./ Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IIA l: A. R2O B. RO C. R2O3 D. RO2 24./ Dy cc hidroxit c xp theo th t tnh baz gim dn t tri sang phi l: A. Mg(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 , NaOH B. NaOH , Mg(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 C. Mg(OH)2 , NaOH , Al(OH)3 D. NaOH , Al(OH)3 , Mg(OH)2 25./ bo qun Na ngi ta ngm Na trong: A. nc B. du ha C. phenol lng D. ru etylic 26./ Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm l: A. qung manhetit B. qung boxit C. qung olomit D. qung pirit 27./ Phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l: A. CaO + CO2 ---> CaCO3 B. MgCL2 + 2NaOH ---> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl C. CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O D. Zn + CuSO4 ---> ZnSO4 + Cu Bi tp 71./ Trong 1 lit dung dch Na2SO4 0,2M c tng s mol cc ion do mui phn li ra l: A. 0,2 mol B. 0,4 mol C. 0,6 mol D. 0,8 mol 72./ Cho 0,1 mol hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Dn kh thot ra vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 8 g B. 9 g C. 10 g D. 11 g 73./ Nung nng hn hp gm 10,8 g bt Al vi 16 g bt Fe2O3 (khng c khng kh), nu hiu sut phn ng l 80% th khi lng Al2O3 thu c l: A. 8,16 g B. 10,20 g C. 20,40 g D. 16,32 g 74./ Cho 4,005 g AlCl3 vo 1000 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta ? A. 1,56 g B. 2,34 g C. 2,60 g D. 1,65 g 75./ t chy bt Al trong bnh kh clo d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng cht rn trong bnh tng 4,26 gam. Khi lng Al tham gia phn ng l: A. 2,16 g B. 1,62 g C. 1,08 g D. 3,24 g 76./ Cho 21,6 g mt kim loi cha bit ha tr tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 6,72 lit N2O duy nht (ktc). Kim loi l: A. Na B. Zn C. Mg D. Al 77./ Sc 11,2 lit kh SO2 (ktc) vo dung dch NaOH d, dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi BaCl2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 107,5 g B. 108,5 g C. 106,5 g D. 105,5 g 78./ Sc V lit kh SO2 (ktc) vo dung dch brom d thu c dung dch X. Cho BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c 23,3 g kt ta. V c gi tr l: A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 3,36 D. 6,72 79./ Cho 700 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,2M. Sau phn ng, khi lng kt ta to ra l: A. 0,78 g B. 1,56 g C. 0,97 g D. 0,68 g

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N THI HA 12 80./ Cn bao nhiu gam bt nhm c th iu ch c 78 gam crom t Cr2O3 bng phng php nhit nhm ? A. 27,0 g B. 54,0 g C. 67,5 g D. 40,5 g ...................................................................................................
Ngy son: ....../..... / 2010 Ngy ging: ..../...../ 2010

Tit 7,8,9:

ST V MT S KIM LOI QUAN TRNG

PHN BIT MT S CHT V C

ST (Fe=56)
I./ V tr cu hnh electron: St th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4 Cu hnh electron: Fe (Z=26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay [Ar]3d64s2 Fe2+: [Ar]3d6 Fe3+: [Ar]3d5 II./ Tnh cht ha hc: C tnh kh trung bnh Fe ---> Fe+2 + 2e Fe ---> Fe+3 + 3e 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: Fe + S t FeS 3Fe + 2O2 t Fe3O4 2Fe + 3Cl2 t 2FeCl3 2./ Tc dng vi axit: a./ Vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long: to mui Fe (II) v H2 Th d: Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 b./ Vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng: to mui Fe (III) Th d: Fe + 4 HNO3 (long) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) t Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Ch : Fe khng tc dng vi axit HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Fe kh c ion ca cc kim loi ng sau n. Th d: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu 4./ Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng st khng kh nc nhit cao: < Th d: 3Fe + 4H2O t570 Fe3O4 + 4H2 t > 570 Fe + H2O FeO + H2
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HP CHT CA ST I./Hp cht st (II) Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh (d b oxi ha) 1./ St (II) oxit: FeO Th d: 3FeO + 10HNO3 (long) t 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O Fe2O3 + CO t 2FeO + CO2 2./ St (II) hidroxit: Fe(OH)2 Th d: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O ---> 4Fe(OH)3 3./ Mui st (II): Th d: 2FeCl2 + Cl2 ---> 2FeCl3 Ch : FeO , Fe(OH)2 khi tc dng vi HCl hay H2SO4 long to mui st (II) Th d: FeO + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
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N THI HA 12 Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + 2H2O II./ Hp cht st (III): Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ha. 1./ St (III) oxit: Fe2O3 L oxit baz: tc dng vi axit to mui st (III) v nc. Th d: Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 ---> 2Fe(NO3)3 + 2H2O B CO, H2 , Al kh thnh Fe nhit cao: Th d: Fe2O3 + 3CO t 2Fe + 3CO2 iu ch: phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao. Th d: 2Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O 2./ St (III) hidroxit: Fe(OH)3 Tc dng vi axit: to mui v nc Th d: Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O iu ch: cho dung dch kim tc dng vi mui st (III). Th d: FeCl3 + 3NaOH ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl 3./ Mui st (III): C tnh oxi ha (d b kh) Th d: Fe + 2FeCl3 ---> 3FeCl2 Cu + 2FeCl3 ---> 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
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CROM V HP CHT CA CROM I./ V tr cu hnh electron: th 24, thuc nhm VIB, chu k 4 Cu hnh electron: Cr (Z=24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay [Ar]3d54s1 II./ Tnh cht ha hc: Crom c tnh kh mnh hn st, cc s oxi ha thng gp ca crom l: +2 , +3 , +6 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: to hp cht crom (III) Th d: 4Cr + 3O2 t 2Cr2O3 2Cr + 3Cl2 t 2CrCl3 2Cr + 3S t Cr2S3 2./ Tc dng vi nc: Crom (Cr) khng tc dng vi nc bt k nhit no 3./ Tc dng vi axit: Th d: Cr + 2HCl ---> CrCl2 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 ---> CrSO4 + H2 Ch : Cr khng tc dng vi HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui. III./ Hp cht ca crom: 1./ Hp cht crom (III): a./ Crom (III) oxit: (Cr2O3) l oxit lng tnh b./ Crom (III) hidroxit: (Cr(OH)3) l mt hidroxit lng tnh. Th d: Cr(OH)3 + NaOH ---> NaCrO2 + 2H2O Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl ---> CrCl3 + 3H2O Ch : mui crom (III) va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh. Th d: 2CrCl3 + Zn ---> 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2 2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH ---> 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 4H2O 2./ Hp cht crom (VI): a./ Crom (VI) oxit: CrO3 L oxit axit. C tnh oxi ha mnh: S , P , C , C2H5OH bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3 b./ Mui crom (VI): C tnh oxi ha mnh
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N THI HA 12 Th d: K2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO4 + 7H2SO4 ---> 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O NG V HP CHT CA NG I./ V tr cu hnh electron: th 29, thuc nhm IB, chu k 4. Cu hnh electron: Cu (Z=29) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 hay [Ar]3d104s1 II./ Tnh cht ha hc: L kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu. 1./ Tc dng vi phi kim: Th d: 2Cu + O2 t 2CuO Cu + Cl2 t CuCl2 2./ Tc dng vi axit: a./ Vi axit HCl v H2SO4 long: Cu khng phn ng b./ Vi axit HNO3 , H2SO4 c, nng: Th d: Cu + 2H2SO4 (c) t CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O Cu + 4HNO3 (c) t Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O 3Cu + 8HNO3 (long) t 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O III./ Hp cht ca ng: 1./ ng (II) oxit: L oxit baz: tc dung vi axit v oxit axit. Th d: CuO + H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + H2O C tnh oxi ha: d b H2 , CO , C kh thnh Cu kim loi. Th d: CuO + H2 t Cu + H2O 2./ ng (II) hidroxit: L mt baz: tc dng vi axit to mui v nc. Th d: Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl ---> CuCl2 + 2H2O D b nhit phn: Th d: Cu(OH)2 t CuO + H2O
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PHN BIT MT S CHT V C NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH I./ Nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch: 1./ Nhn bit cation Na+: Phng php: th mu ngn la 2./ Nhn bit cation NH4+: Dng dung dch NaOH hoc KOH : to kh NH3 c mi khai. 3./ Nhn bit cation Ba2+: Dng dung dch H2SO4 long: to kt ta BaSO4 trng 4./ Nhn bit cation Al3+: Dng dung dch NaOH hoc KOH: to kt ta keo trng tan trong kim d 5./ Nhn bit cc cation Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Cu2+: a./ Nhn bit cation Fe3+: Dng dung dch NaOH , KOH hoc NH3: to kt ta Fe(OH)3 mu nu b./ Nhn bit cation Fe2+: Dng dung dch NaOH , KOH hoc NH3: to kt ta Fe(OH)2 c mu trng hi xanh. c./ Nhn bit cation Cu2+: Dng dung dch NaOH , KOH hoc NH3: to kt ta xanh tan trong NH3 d. II./ Nhn bit mt s anion trong dung dch: 1./ Nhn bit anion NO3-:

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N THI HA 12 Dng kim loi Cu trong dung dch H2SO4 long: to dung dch mu xanh, kh NO khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. 2./ Nhn bit anion SO42-: Dng dung dch BaCl2: to kt ta BaSO4 khng tan. 3./ Nhn bit anion Cl-: Dng dung dch AgNO3: tao kt ta AgCl trng 4./ Nhn bit anion CO32-: Dng dung dch HCl hay H2SO4 long: si bt kh khng mu lm c nc vi trong. NHN BIT MT S CHT KH 1./ Nhn bit kh CO2: Dng dung dch Ca(OH)2 hay Ba(OH)2: to kt ta trng 2./ Nhn bit kh SO2: Dng dung dch nc brom: lm nht mu dung dch brom Ch : SO2 cng to kt ta trng vi Ca(OH)2 v Ba(OH)2. 3./ Nhn bit kh H2S: Dng dung dch Pb(NO3)2 hay Cu(NO3)2: to kt ta en. 4./ Nhn bit kh NH3: Dng giy qu tm thm t: qu tm chuyn thnh mu xanh. BI TP P DNG 1./ Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe3+ ? A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d5 C. [Ar]3d4 D. [Ar]3d3 2./ Cc kim loi dy no sau y u phn ng vi dung dch CuCl2 ? A. Na, Mg, Ag B. Fe, Na, Mg C. Ba, Mg, Hg D. Na, Ba, Ag 3+ 3./ Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr l: A. [Ar]3d5 B. [Ar]3d4 C. [Ar]3d3 D. [Ar]3d2 4./ Cc s oxi ha c trng ca Cr l: A. +2, +4, +6 B. +2, +3, +6 C. +1, +2, +4, +6 D. +3, +4, +6 5./ Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ l: A. [Ar]3d7 B. [Ar]3d8 C. [Ar]3d9 D. [Ar]3d10 6./ Dy no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn ? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn C. Ni, Sn, Zn. Pb D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn 7./ St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y ? A. Zn B. Ni C. Sn D. Cr 8./ Hp cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh ? A. ZnO B. Zn(OH)2 C. ZnSO4 D. Zn(HCO3)2 9./ Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch mui sunfat ca mt kim loi ha tr (II) thy sinh ra kt ta tan trong dung dch NaOH d. Mui sunfat l mui no sau y ? A. MgSO4 B. CaSO4 C. MnSO4 D. ZnSO4 10./ Fe c th tan trong dung dch cht no sau y ? A. AlCl3 B. FeCl3 C. FeCl2 D. MgCl2 11./ Nhn nh no sau y sai ? A. st tan c trong dung dch CuSO4 B. st tan c trong dung dch FeCl3 C. st tan c trong dung dch FeCl2 D. ng tan c trong dung dch FeCl3 12./ Hp cht no sau y ca st va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh ? A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe(OH)3 D. Fe(NO3)3 13./ Trong phng th nghim, iu ch CuSO4 ngi ta cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch no sau y ? A. H2SO4 m c B. H2SO4 long C. Fe2(SO4)3 long D. FeSO4 long 14./ lm sch mt loi thy ngn (Hg) c ln tp cht l Zn, Sn v Pb cn khuy loi thy ngn ny trong: A. dd Zn(NO3)2 B. dd Sn(NO3)2 C. dd Pb(NO3)2 D. dd Hg(NO3)2

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N THI HA 12 15./ phn bit dung dch H2SO4 c ngui v dung dch HNO3 c ngui c th dng kim loi no sau y ? A. Cr B. Al C. Fe D. Cu 16./ Cho kim loi X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long ri ly kh thu c kh oxit kim loi Y. X v Y c th l: A. ng v st B. st v ng C. ng v bc D. bc v ng 17./ Khi cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long thy thot ra mt kh khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Kh l: A. N2 B. NO C. NO2 D. NH3 18./ Cho dy cc cht: NaHCO3 , Na2CO3 , Ca(HCO3)2 , FeCl3 , AlCl3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5 19./ Kim loi X c th kh c Fe3+ trong dung dch FeCl3 thnh Fe2+ nhng khng kh c H+ trong dung dch HCl thnh H2 . Kim loi X l: A. Mg B. Fe C. Zn D. Cu 20./ Pht biu no sau y ng ? A. st b oxi ha bi clo to thnh hp cht st (II) B. st tc dng vi axit H2SO4 long, HCl u to thnh hp cht st (III) C. hp cht st (II) b oxi ha thnh hp cht st (III) D. hp cht st (III) b oxi ha thnh st 21./ Cho dy cc cht: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3. S cht trong dy khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long sinh ra sn phm kh (cha nit) l: A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 22./ Cho Fe ln lt vo cc dung dch FeCl3, AlCl3, CuCl2, Pb(NO3)2, HCl, H2SO4 c, nng d. S trng hp phn ng sinh ra mui st (II) l: A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 6 23./ Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca st l: A. tnh kh B. tnh oxi ha C. tnh axit D. tnh baz 24./ Cho dy kim loi: Zn, Fe, Cr. Th t gim dn hot ng ha hc ca cc kim loi t tri sang phi trong dy l: A. Zn, Fe, Cr B. Fe, Zn, Cr C. Zn, Cr, Fe D. Cr, Fe, Zn 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 25./ Cho dy cc ion Ca , Al , Fe , Fe . Ion trong dy c s electron c thn ln nht l: A. Al3+ B. Ca2+ C. Fe2+ D. Fe3+ Bi tp. 55./ Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml kh H2 (ktc) th khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l: A. Zn B. Fe C. Al D. Ni 56./ Hn hp A gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Trong hn hp A, mi oxit u c 0,5 mol. Khi lng ca hn hp A l: A. 231 g B. 232 g C. 233 g D. 234 g 57./ Kh hon ton 16 gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Kh i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 15 g B. 20 gam C. 25 g D. 30 g 58./ Nhng thanh st vo dung dch CuSO4 , sau mt thi gian ly thanh Fe ra ra sch, sy kh thy khi lng tng 1,2 gam. Khi lng Cu bm vo thanh Fe l: A. 9,3 g B. 9,4 g C. 9,5 g D. 9,6 g 59./ Cho 19,2 gam kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 4,48 lit kh duy nht NO (ktc). Kim loi M l: A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn 60./ Cho 7,68 gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thy c kh NO thot ra. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra trong dung dch l: A. 21,56 g B. 21,65 g C. 22,56 g D. 22,65 g 16

N THI HA 12 61./ Cho 3,08 g Fe vo 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc k cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: A. 11,88 g B. 16,20 g C. 18,20 g D. 17,96 g 62./ Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lit kh CO2 (ktc) thot ra. Th tch kh CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l: A. 1,12 lit B. 2,24 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 4,48 lit ..................................................................................................

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