125

Hnh 7.2

7.3.1. Thit b loc su
Thit b loc su c ng dung rng rai lam sach khng kh bng phng phap
sinh hoc. No co ao hi bao phu bn ngoai b cha (hnh 7.3), cac mang t l bn trong.
Vt liu si c t gia cac mang. Phu thuc vao ap sut kh nen va tc cua no
(0,1 0,3 m/s) mt sp xp x thuy tinh khoang 100 500 kg/m
3
. Ngoai vt liu
bng x thuy tinh con ng dung vt liu t bazan siu mn, vi lp co chiu cao 6 cm
khi mt goi 100 kg/m
3
, sau o ong kn b loc va tit trung bng hi. Hiu sut lam
sach khng kh 99,999%.
Ngoai ra con ng dung nhng b loc co kt cu khac nhau: hp (hmh 7.4), mt
bch (hnh 7.5) va b phn bn trong hnh ch nht (hnh 7.6).
B loc sach khng kh
bng phng phap tit trung.
Tac ng tun hoan Tac ng lin tuc
Loc
tinh
Thit
b loc
kiu
a
Thit
b loc
phi
hp
Thit b
loc co loi
ng bng
cht deo
cha flo
i vi
khng
kh nap
i vi
khng
kh thai
T hp loc
t cac phn
t kim loai
loc th
T hp loc
t cac phn
t kim loai
loc tinh
T hp loc
t cac phn
t kim loai
126
u im cua b loc co si bazan siu mn la co bn nhit cao va co cac tnh
cht loc tt.
Nhc im la mt xp cua vt liu loc khng th khi phuc lai c, tao ranh,
phai thay i vt liu trong qua trnh loc.


























Hnh 7.3. B loc co mang t l
bn trong:
1- Np ao hi; 2- Np thit b;
3- Khp ni thai khng kh;
4- Khp ni nap hi th; 5- Vo
ao hi; 6- Vo thit b; 7- Mang li;
8- Lp bng hay x thuy tinh;
9- Khp ni nap khng kh
Hnh 7.4. B loc dang hp
tit trung khng kh:
1- Vt cy; 2- Vo thit b;
3- Mt bch; 4- Tm loc;
5- Gi ta

127






























Hnh 7.5. B loc kiu mt bch tit trung khng kh:
1- Vt liu loc; 2- Mt bch; 3- Chm; 4- Vo; 5,7- Cac a t l; 6- Lp m
Hnh 7.6. B loc tit
trung khng kh co phn
t loc dang hnh ch nht:
1- Li thep khng g;
2- Khung kep;
3,8- Khp ni nap
va thai khng kh;
4- Vo b loc;
5- Khung t l;
6- Vt;
7- Vt liu loc
128
7.3.2. B loc phi hp
B loc phi hp gm thn tru bng thep co ay hnh ban cu hay phng va np
thao c. Gia cac mang li bn trong co vt liu loc.
B loc co ao hi bn ngoai. Trong b loc phi hp u tin co cac lp x thuy tinh
con bn trong co lp x bng. Sc can cua x thuy tinh khi mt xp 10 kg/m
2
, chiu
cao cua lp 50 mm va tai trong ring cua khng kh 1500 m
3
/(h.m
2
) bng 0,24 kPa, con
khi b day cua lp loc 500 mm - 2,4 kPa.
Bng thuy tinh c s dung nh la cht loc s b. Khi ng knh cua b loc la
500 mm th bng thuy tinh cha trong o la 500 g va 10.000 g bng; nng sut cua b
loc 500 m
3
khng kh /h. Nu ng knh b loc 220 mm th cn mt lng bng thuy
tinh la 100 g va 2000 g bng, nng sut 100 m
3
khng kh/h. Cho nn trong mt thit b
co th tn tai hai mc lam sach khac nhau.
B loc c tit trung bng hi ap sut d 0,4 MPa trong 2h. Sau khi tit trung
tin hanh sy kh b loc bng khng kh tit trung.
7.3.3. B loc bng vai Petrianova
loai tr vi khun trong khng kh, ngi ta s dung b loc bng vai Petrianova.
Vai Petrianova la loai vai mn c bn mt cach t do dang bng trn nn xp t cac
si peclovinyl (-15 va -25) xenluloza axetat (-15), polystirol (-15),
polyftostirol () co chiu day 1,5 va 2,5 m.
Loai tr cac si , cac vt liu tng hp nay co bn nhit gii han va oi
hoi tit trung bng hi gian tip hay bng kh formaldehyt.
V bn c hoc cua vt liu khng cao cho nn b loc dung vai Petrianova se co
hiu qua hn trong h loc co khng kh thi qua vi tc chuyn ng khng ln.
lam sach vi khun trong dong khng kh co tc cao ngi ta a thit k ra
nhng kt cu loc co nhiu lp.
B loc dung vai Petrianova -15 (hnh 7.7) gm xilanh bng thep co np thao
c va ay hnh non. Co 73 xilanh t l bn trong b loc hnh thanh nn mang
ng. Mt s lp vai boc quanh cac ng xilanh. Khi qua lp vai -15, vi sinh vt
c loai khoi khng kh. Tit trung b loc bng hi vi hp cht formalin.


129

Hnh 7.7. B loc bng vai Petrianova:
1- Np; 2- Vo thit b; 3- ng lot; 4-Van
nap hi formalin; 5- Khp ni thai
khng kh; 6- ng ni nap khng kh


c tnh ky thut cua b loc bng vai
petriarova:
Nng sut tnh theo khng kh, m
3
/h: 1000
Tc khng kh, m/s:
bn trong b loc: 0,016
khi vao va khi ra: 35,4
B mt loc, m
2
:
tng: 17,5
cua mt xilanh: 0,24
S xilanh loc: 73
Trong cng nghip vi sinh phuc vu cho khu ln men, ngi ta thng dung
nhng b loc tinh (bang 7.3).
Bang 7.3. c tnh ky thut cua cac b loc tinh
Loai b loc Nng sut tnh theo
khng kh, m
3
/h
Din tch b mt loc,
m
2

Sc can dong khng kh,
Pa
T0-60
T0-500
T0-750
T0-1000
60
500
750
1000
1
5
10
10
470 600
800
400
800
Thuc loai nay gm cac b loc co b phn un song, gia cac np un cua vt liu
loc co cac ban gn song. C nh vt liu phn trn va di xilanh. Loc khng kh xay
ra t bn ngoai b phn loc vao khoang bn trong cua no, t y khng kh tit trung
theo ng ng dn vao ni ln men. Nhc im cua loai nay la khng co kha nng tit
trung b loc bng hi trc tip trong dy chuyn cng ngh, phc tap hoa vic kim tra
va tao kn, bn c hoc cua bng loc qua kem. u im: hiu sut cua vt liu loc
cao (ln hn 99,999%), i vi cac ph n t hat 0,3 m co sc can cua dong khng kh
nho (0,1 MPa), tc loc 0,05 m/s.
130
T nhng s liu a nu trn, ta thy rng hiu sut loc phu thuc vao cac tnh
cht hoa ly cua vt liu loc, vao bn, sc can kh ng, kch thc si, mt xp,
chiu day lp loc, kha nng tai sinh, tc dong khng kh va m cua no.
7.3.4. B loc dung vt liu teflon
Mc cn thit lam sach khng kh bng phng phap sinh hoc co th at
c nh s dung vt liu loc dang bang, a hay ng teflon co b day 4 mm t bt
bng phng phap thiu kt.






















Hnh 7.8. B loc tit trung
khng kh co a teflon:
1- Vo b loc; 2, 4- Cac van nap va
thao khng kh; 3- Tuyn nap hi;
5- a teflon; 6,7- Cac van thai
nc ngng
Hnh 7.9. B loc hai ng
tit trung khng kh:
1- Np b loc; 2- Vo; 3- Phn t loc
bng teflon; 4- Np cua phn t loc;
5- C cu len cht
131
Hnh 7.8 m ta b loc dung a teflon, con hnh 7.9 la b loc dung cac xilanh bng
teflon. S lng xilanh trong b loc co th nhiu ang k. u im cua teflon la bn
nhit va bn c.
7.4. CAC T HP LOC T NG
7.4.1.Cac phn t kim loai loc
Cac vt liu nhn c bng phng phap luyn kim bt la vt liu mi loc tit
trung. Khac vi cac vt liu si va phi vai, cac vt liu dang hat a thiu kt co cu truc
khng i, tr hoa, khng gp kho khn khi tin hanh bt ky phng phap tit trung
nao, bn cao, d dang kim tra, re ti n va n gian trong san xut.
Cu truc dang hat cua cac vt liu kim loai gm, th t xp cac lp cua hat khi san
xut cac phn t loc xp bng phng phap luyn kim bt gy ra s co tht tun hoan va
gian n cua cac ranh thng. Cac phn t kim loai loc c s dung loc th va loc tinh
khng kh . Ngi ta a khi thao c cac phn t loc bng kim loai gm co hiu qua
loai nhng vi sinh vt vi ng knh 0,3 m. S lin quan cht che gia hnh dang
cac ranh vi s thay i tun hoan ng
knh cua tit di n va tc chuyn ng
cua dong khng kh loc trong cac ranh la
nhng c im loc khi s dung cac phn
t loc trn. Khi khng kh chuyn ng
qua vt liu loc (hnh 7.10) vi tn s siu
m hay gn bng xut hin s co - gian
lin tuc, co ngha la xay ra s t kch hoat
cua cac dao ng siu m.
Trong pha gian n cua dong khng kh khi
tng tit din cua ranh xay ra ngng tu hi
nc va kh, lam xut hin hoc la gp lai
thanh xon kh giot vi lng, con trong pha
co nen khi giam tit din ranh xay ra s va
cham va tch tu cac xon kh, dn n lam
lng chung trn t ng cua phn t loc.
Tn s dao ng siu m co bin dao
ng 1 5 m va ln hn u lam xut
hin cac lc thng sc cng cua nc (hay
du) , do o nhng giot cht long xut
hi n b b n ra tha nh nh ng tia v i kch
Vao kh quyn
Hnh 7.10. S lng cua xon kh vi
sinh khi loc khng kh qua phn t
kim loai gm:
1- Tng phn t loc; 2- Cac tia
khng kh; 3- m kt tu; 4- T bao vi
sinh vt
T thit b ln men
132
thc mt vai micron. iu o lam chuyn ng cac t bao vi khun trong dong
khng kh va cui cung lam lng chung trn tng phn t loc dang xon kh.
san xut phn t loc, chon bt hat mn nht vi tnh toan sao cho s gian n va
co tht cua dong khng kh cao hn tr s 16000 s

1
khi dai cua tng loc phu hp.
Cac th nghim a chng minh rng cac phn t t bt titan co kch thc hat 0,3 m se
thoa man vi iu kin trn.
Cac phn t kim loai lam bng titan c s dung loai vi khun trong khng
kh. Chung gm co nn kim loai gm xp, vt liu loc dang x bao phu cht nn (thanh
hai hay nhiu lp) va mang ng. i vi cac phn t kim loai loc dung loc tinh
khng kh u tin la ng dung vt liu chu thuy lc, duy tr c tit trung bng hi
trc tip n 150
0
C trong vong 40 50 phut. Vt liu ky nc, bn i vi s tac ng
cua axt, kim, cac cht oxy hoa manh, cac loai ru, du co th s dung loc khng
kh nhit t - 250 n + 200
0
C. Sc can thuy lc cua vt liu vi tc cua khng
kh 1 cm/s la 14,7 Pa.
Cac phn t kim loai gm dung loc tinh khng kh bng phng phap sinh hoc
co nhng u im sau: tr s tit trung bng hi trc tip ln ang k, tai sinh n gian
va thi gian hoat ng lu (5 10 nm).
Bao v mi trng xung quanh la nhim vu bc thit hin nay, cho nn cn phai
am bao lam sach khng kh thai ra t cac thit b ln men. Khng kh thai ra t cac
thit b ln men cha mt lng ang k t bao vi sinh vt. Khi nui cy cac chung
enzim giai oan phat trin, trong 1 m
3
khng kh cha t 3,4.10
6
n 1.10
10
t bao.
Nhng yu cu c ban cua phn t loc: sc can thuy lc ban u khng ln hn 30 40
kPa, giam tc loc do tng b mt loc, kha nng tit trung nhit lin tuc, bn r cao
trong mi trng vi sinh, bn nhit va bn m.
Trn c s cac phn t kim loai gm loc, ngi ta a khi thao ra nhng t hp loc
t ng bng hi loc vi khun trong khng kh khi a vao va thai ra khoi thit b ln
men.
Nhng c im khac bit cua cac t hp loc la tin cy vi sinh c am bao
trong qua trnh lam sach va t ng hoa hoan toan hoat ng cua chu ng.
Vic ng dung trong cng nghp nhng t hp loc t ng bng hi nc cho
phep lam giam chi ph khai thac, lam giam s cng oan kh trung n ti thiu, lam
tng tui tho hoat ng cua thit b va hiu sut cac cht hoat hoa sinh hoc, lam giam
thi gian chun b cua thit b ln men va s lng cng nhn thao tac cung nh giai
quyt c vn bao v mi trng xung quanh khoi nhim bn vi sinh .
133
B loc hp quy cach co vo xilanh ng (co th co vo hi), bn trong co cac loi
ng loc c xp thanh mang ng. Mi loi ng co ay va mt bch kim loai c. Khi cn
thit phai dng gian oan hoat ng cua bt ky loi ng nao (kim tra, th nghim, sa
cha) th t a kn co kch thc tng ng vi kch thc mt bch cua ng loc ln
mang ng.
Cac t hp loc va tit trung c ghep lai bng cac phn t kim loai tin li cho
vic tit trung khng kh trong cac cng nghip vi sinh, bao ch thuc, thc phm, y hoc
cu ng nh bao v mi trng khoi b nhim vi sinh vt va cac hat bui phong xa.
Khi s dung cac phn t loc kim loai gm thng tin hanh lam sach gian oan
bng phng phap va p khng kh phan hi. thc hin iu o trong h cn co b
tch tu. Khi cp khng kh bng xung lng t b tch tu co kem theo s ct mach cac
nhanh chnh th ap sut cua dong khng kh cao hn mt t so vi ap sut lam vic
nhng hng khng kh th ngc lai.
7.4.2. T hp lam sach s b khng kh
T hp loc t ng bng hi (hnh 7.11) gm hai b loc kt hp song song nhau
bng ng thng kh co cac phn t loc bin i; b loc bng hi dung loc hi trc
tip khi tit trung t hp; cac van; ap k vi sai; nhit k; thit b in va cac lo nung in
kiu ng. B loc co th hoat ng bng iu khin t ng hay thu cng.
B loc gm vo xilanh co kch thc 5001200 mm, trong o co 60 phn t kim
loai s vi kch thc 40 35 500 mm, 2 lo nung in cng sut 2 kW.
Vic b tr lo nung in kiu ng t pha cac phn t kim loai xp se am bao kh
nhim vi sinh vt, v cac vi sinh vt b khng kh v trung thi t pha trn cua mang
ng va t cac ph n khac cua b loc trong dong ngc chu s va p. Vic cung cp va
dn khng kh ra c thc hin theo cac ng ng dn vi ng knh 150 mm co cac
van khoa va van bao him.
ng thng gio pha trc may phn nhanh thanh hai ng mm tip tuyn vi
goc gia cac truc cua cac ng mm 0 90
0
. S va p cua hai dong bn trong may loc
lam tng s kt hp cac ct xon kh va chung bam trn cac vach loc, khi o cac hat cng
se trt xung di theo vach loc. Do s tac ng ln nhau cua cac dong khng kh vao
lam giam nng cua cac cht bn phn tan mn cha vi sinh vt. Khi qua cac l hng
cua cac phn t kim loai loc co rng 30 50% cac hat co kch thc ln hn 1 m se
c tach khoi khng kh.
Ch mt trong cac b loc hoat ng, con b loc th hai d tr. Khi giam ap sut
loc hn 0,03 MPa van chnh se tt t ng b loc ang hoat ng va i dong kh vao
b loc d tr. B loc ngng hoat ng se tch nhit va tit trung nh lo nung in hay
134
bng hi trc tip nhit 130 150
0
C trong vong 40 phut, sau o sc can thuy lc
cua b loc at c tr s ban u 4 kPa. Tip tuc sc can cua b loc tng trung bnh ln
200 Pa.













Hnh 7.11. T hp t ng bng hi lam sach s b khng kh:
1- Khu bao dng; 2- Gian; 3- B loc th; 4- ng ng; 5- B cha;
6,8- Cac van rto; 7- ng loc; 9- Van bao him; 10- Ap k vi sai; I- Ca
khng kh vao b loc; II- Ca thoat khng kh c lam sach; III- Ca
vao cua khng kh t b cha n hoan nhit; IV- Ca thao cn

Dung may nen kh nap khng kh vao giai oan lam sach tip theo sau khi lam
sach s b.
Khng kh v trung cho vao bnh cha gia cac b loc. Trn cac ng ng nap
khng kh vao bnh cha lp cac van khoa va van mt chiu.
Co th tin hanh tch nhit cho cac phn t loc bng dong khng kh ngc a
c tch luy trong bnh cha sau khi tit trung nh cac lo nung in kiu ng. Nhit
tit trung theo yu cu t ra va c kim tra mt cach t ng.
Cac phn t loc se c lam sach va sy kh khi khng kh t bnh cha qua
chu ng a p su t 0,3 MPa. Nhi t cu a khng kh khi th i se gia m xu ng t 140 n
40
0
C.
135
c tnh ky thut cua thp t ng lam sach th khng kh:
Nng sut, km
3
/h: 5000
Din tch loc, m
2
: 3,77
S lng cac phn t loc trong t hp, cai: 2 60
Tc khng kh qua tit din loc, m/s: 0,4 2
Ap sut lam vic cua khng kh, MPa: di 0,3
Nhit loc,
0
C: 50 60
m cua khng kh, %: 60 70
Hiu qua lam sach, %: 95 96
Kch thc c ban, mm: 5650 3660 4025
7.4.3. T hp lam sach khng kh bng sinh hoc
V nguyn tc cac b loc tinh khng kh khng khac b loc th. T hp t ng
u tin loc vi khun trong khng kh (hnh 7.12) gm hai b loc song song co cac
phn t loc mn, b loc bng hi loc hi trc tip khi tit trung t hp.














Hnh 7.12. T hp t ng loc tinh khng kh bng hi:
1- B loc tinh; 2- B loc bng hi; 3- Gian ; 4- Khu vc thao tac;
5,6- ng ng dn; 7- Khoa hnh chm; 8- Van h
Thai
khng
kh
Khng kh vao ng c in
Hi
136
T hp tit trung lam vic nh sau: khng kh nen c y vao b loc qua cac
van ri n bnh cha, thit b ln men. Ha ap cho phep trong gii han t 19 n 115
kPa. Khi cac phn t loc b nhet kn va khi tng ha ap n 30 kPa xay ra s trung khp
t ng cac van v tr hoat ng va m cac van cua b d tr. B loc d tr trang
thai hoat ng, con b loc u c tch nhit nh khng kh a c lam sach. Khng
kh nen t bnh cha c y vao thit b ln men trong thi gian tch nhit cua b loc.
Sau khi hoan nguyn cac tnh cht loc cua b loc a ngng hoa t ng, tn hiu kt thuc
qua trnh tch nhit truyn n van hp xp .
Trc khi hoat ng cn tit trung b loc bng hi trc tip va sy kh bng dong
khng kh ngc chiu. H thng t ng iu chnh qua trnh c tin hanh nh sau:
khi b loc r bn se lam tng ha ap n 91 kPa, b loc se ngng hoat ng va c tch
luy hi.
Tai sinh cac c cu loc bng hi va sy kh bng khng kh sach t bnh d tr.
Nhit tai sinh 0 100
0
C c giam lin tuc n 30
0
C nh cam bin chng
trnh.
c tnh ky thut cua thp t ng lam sach vi khun trong khng kh:
Nng sut, m
3
/h: 5000
B mt loc, m
2
: 9,7
S lng phn t trong t hp, cai: 2 150
Tc khng kh qua tit din loc, m/s: 0,10,15
Ap sut lam vic cua khng kh, MPa: 0,35
Nhit loc,
0
C: 20 50
m cua khng kh, %: 60 70
Hiu qua lam sach, %: 99,99 99,999
Kch thc c ban, mm: 4300 5500 4700
7.4.4. T hp lam sach khng kh thai bng phng phap sinh hoc
T hp loc lam sach vi khun trong khng kh thai t thit b ln men (hnh
7.13) gm hai b loc vi khun c kt hp song song, bnh cha khng kh sau mc
lam lanh th hai tai sinh cac phn t loc bng dong ngc chiu va b loc bng hi.
giam m cua khng kh vao sau tm chn giot, cung nh dit tng phn vi
khun do s tip xuc cua chung vi b mt un nong, ng i ta lp t 3 b nung in
kiu ng T-10 theo chu vi cua b loc.Trong mang gia cac b nung t cac bi thuy
tinh tiu dit vi khun khi chung qua cac bi c un nong. Cac phn t loc dang xp
c bn lai va cho vao mang ng.
137
Nap khng kh vao thit b loc, thung d tr va thai khng kh loc, cn theo cac
ng ng co ng knh 300 mm. Trn cac ng ng lp thm cac khoa va cac van
iu chnh bng in. Hi trc tip nap theo cac ng ng 25 mm va co cac van. Xa
nc ngng qua b thao theo ng ng co ng knh 50 mm. Ap sut va nhit
trong cac b loc c kim tra t ng.
Trc khi cp khng kh t ni ln men cn cho cac lo nung in hoat ng va
tng nhit khng kh ln 10 20
0
C, sau o m cac khoa va khng kh t ni ln men
vao b loc, qua tm chn giot, chup non, vao cac phn t loc va sau o khng kh sach
c thai vao kh quyn.


















Hnh 7.13. T hp t ng lam sach vi khun trong khng kh thai:
1- Mang ng; 2- B loc vi khun; 3- Phn t loc; 4- Lo nung in dang ng;
5- Mang lui; 6- B loc hi; 7- Tm chn giot; 8- Khung cua b loc vi khun;
9- B thai nc ngng kiu phao; 10,11- ng ng dn; 12- Thung cha d
tr; 13- Khoa chm; 14- Khung b loc hi
138
Trong khoang thi gian o thung d tr cha y khng kh nen. Khi at giam ap
trong b loc ang hoat ng 30 kPa th cho b loc th hai hoat ng. Sau khi m hoan
toan cac khoa vao va ra cua khng kh t b loc th hai, cho b loc 1 hoat ng va tin
hanh tit trung va tch nhit.
Cac t hp loc bng hi lam sach vi khun trong khng kh thai ra t cac ni
ln men hoat ng trong cac iu kin c bit quan trong v m cua no gn 100%.
Thng phong ra cac tia cht long canh trng va khi co lng m b chuyn dch
dang giot hay sng at n 40 60 g/m
3
khng kh.
Trong san xut hin ai khi tiu hao khng kh gn 5000 m
3
/h th lng m b
cun i trong mt gi co th at n 200 300 kg. S phong ra cac tia cht long canh
trng va p vao cac phn t loc co th dn n s bt kn tc thi cac l loc va xut
hin va p phan hi. Khi o h vi sinh vt b pha huy trn cac vach pha trong may
loc k t mc b mt cht long canh trng c bin i theo dang song, co th xm
nhp vao ni ln men va lam nhim bn cht long. Ham lng vi sinh vt cho phep
trong khng kh thai cn phai bng nng t nhin cua cac t bao trong khng kh.
ngn nga s dnh bam cua cac tia cht long vao cac phn t loc thng ngi
ta s dung nhng kt cu khac nhau: ga t cac ranh thc hin cac chuyn ng ri
cua dong khng kh, phu phan xa ...Nhc im cua cac kt cu nu trn la ch co mt
phn tit din khng ang k cua dong khng kh c tip xuc vi b mt tach m.
B loc co nhng phn t loc xp mn, chung c nh cht trong mang ng va co
b phn tach m. Mang ngn xp t mang li hay t a kim loai s c lp nghing
pha trn, cho nn mang ngn ch tip xuc vi vach trong cua may phn di, con
theo chu vi con lai gia vach ngn va vo co khe h. Khi o ng knh ngoai cua a
xp ln hn ng knh trong cua g vong. Mang xp va g vong lam thanh nhng
phn t kt cu gom cac giot nc. Khng kh thai t ni ln men qua cac ranh cua
mang ngn va qua cac khe h.
Trong nhng trng hp cun hut c hoc hay phong ra cac tia cht long canh
trng th m se khng ri vao cac phn t loc ma c gi chu yu trong vach ngn
xp, phu mt phn cac l lam giam tit din chung cua cac ranh. Thc t th tt ca cac
dong khng kh i qua cac l tm ngn, ch co mt phn rt nho cha c giai phong ra
khoi cac giot toe. Cho nn cac phn t loc xp ngn nga c s phu kn cac l do m
ngng tu.
Do s tac ng cua cac lc ng mao quan, vach ngn xp co cac tnh cht loc khi
ngoi cho nn cht long ri vao no se dn n vach trong cua b loc va chay theo vach
xung ay. Vic bao phu mt phn hay hoan toan cac l khi thm t mang ngn xp se
139
khng lam tng ap sut cho phep va s va p phan hi v xay ra s phn b dong khng
kh, phn ln chuyn v hng co tc cao qua khe h. Lp gn khe h b cam bin
tc . No truyn tn hiu v mc lam m ti han cua mang ngn tt t ng b
loc, m b loc d tr va tai sinh mang xp.
c tnh ky thut cua t hp t ng lam sach vi khun trong khng kh
thai:
Nng sut, m
3
/h: 5000
B mt loc, m
2
: 10,4
S lng cac phn t loc trong t hp, cai: 2 150
Tc khng kh qua tit din loc, m/s: 0,15
Ap sut lam vic cua khng kh, MPa: 0,35
Nhit loc,
0
C: 20 50
m cua khng kh, %: 70 100
Hiu qua lam sach, %: 99,0 99,5
Kch thc c ban, mm: 4300 5500 4700

140



Chuong 8
THIT BJ VT, TRICH LY, TINH CH CAC SAN PHM
THU NHN TU PHUONG PHAP TNG HOP VI SINH

8.1. MO DU
Nhim vu cua cng ngh vi sinh la dung vi sinh vt san xut ra ba loai san
phm nh sau:
- Cac t bao vi sinh trang thai sng (vi khun Lactobacillus, vi khun c nh
am Rhizobium, Azotobacter, vi khun iu tr tiu chay Bacillis subtilis, vi khun tr
su Bacillis thuringiensis, nm tr su Bauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliac, vi
khun lam phn vi sinh nh B.megatherium, B.mycoides, nm men lam bt n banh m
Saccharomyces cerevisiae...) hoc trang thai cht lam ngun protein (Candida utilis,
cac loai vi tao...)
- Cac san phm trao i cht s cp axit amin, vitamin, ru, axit hu c... va th
cp (khang sinh).
- Cac loai enzim dung trong cac qua trnh thuy phn, tng hp va chuyn hoa.
lam c vic o cn phai giai quyt hai vn sau:
a) Ky thut ln men: nghin cu iu kin ti u trong qua trnh ln men nh thit
b , cng ngh...nhm at c hiu sut cao cho cac san phm mong mun.
b) Ky thut thu hi san phm sau ln men va ch bin thanh cac dang thng
phm, nghin cu cac iu kin trch ly, tinh ch nhm thu c cac cht co hoat tnh
sinh hoc dang tinh khit. Nhiu ky thut trong cng nghip hoa hoc nh: loc, kt tua, ly
tm, kt tinh , hp phu, chng ct, sy... u c s dung y. iu khac nhau cn
lu y ti la cac cht co hoat tnh sinh hoc thng khng bn vng vi ca c iu kin nhit
, pH va cac yu t vt ly khac.
iu kin va phng phap nui cy vi sinh vt co anh hng n s hnh thanh
thanh phn va tnh cht cua cht long canh trng. Cac ch sinh tng hp cn hng
ti kt qua thu nhn mi trng co cht nn va nhng tap cht khac con lai la ti thiu
va co nng cac san phm mong mun la cc ai.
141



























Hnh 8.1 khao sat s cac phng an c ban gia cng cht long canh trng
va ln men b mt nhm thu nhn cac dang san phm t tng hp vi sinh. T s
chung ta thy phng an gia cng cht long canh trng n gian nht - thu nhn cht
thay th sa nguyn t sa huyt tng bng phng phap vi sinh. Thu nhn c huyn
Cht long canh trng
Loc, ly tm,
phn ly, lng
Kh kh, gan, c
c bng phng
phap tuyn ni
Cht long canh
trng a c
loai bo mt s
cht
Nui cy bng phng phap b m t
Kh du
sinh hoc
Trch
ly
Tinh ch bng
phng phap
sinh hoc hay
c va sy
Cht long
canh trng
c lam
trong
Sinh khi
dang bt nhao
co ham lng
nc n 80%
Huyn phu
co lng
nc trn
85%
Cac phng
phap c va
tinh ch: c
chn khng,
loc thm thu
ngc, siu
loc, lanh ng,
tao tinh th,
sy, tinh luyn
Ph phm Cht
trch ly
Gia cng s b
Cht loc
C chn khng
Gia cng s b
Pha v
Loc, ly tm
Sinh khi Sy
Trch ly
Cht beo sinh hoc Cht c kh Cht c long
Cht c, san phm tng
hp v sinh co mc
tinh ch khac nhau
Hnh 8.1. S cac phng phap gia cng cht long canh trng
va nui cy vi sinh vt bng phng phap b mt
142
phu nm men co nng sinh khi n 150 g/l trong qua trnh nui cy nm men trong
sa huyt tng. Sau khi gia cng c bit (lam giau vitamin va cac cu t khac) khng
co cac giai oan trung gian, huyn phu c sy kh bng phng phap sy phun. Khi
nui cy nm men trong cac mi trng hydratcacbon hay mi trng ru, cht long
canh trng co ham lng sinh khi nho hn 25 g/l c em i gia cng. Trong trng
hp nay trc khi sy phai tin hanh cac giai oan tuyn ni, c c nhm tng nng
sinh khi n 20 25% cht kh.
Khi thu nhn nm men trn mi trng co phn ct cua du mo vic c sinh khi
trc khi phn ly c thc hin bng phng phap ga n. Khi nui cy nm men trong
cac mi trng c th cac giai oan tuyn ni, phn ly khng cn thit. C c sinh
khi bun hoat tnh trc khi sy co th thc hin bng phng phap lng va phn li.
Trong cac v du v c sinh khi nu trn (loai tr thu nhn cht thay th sa nguyn
bng phng phap sinh hoc) a tao ra mt lng ln cht long canh trng va a c
s dung, ch con lai mt t cht nn, cac cht chuyn hoa hoa tan (axit amin, vitamin...)
va cac vi sinh vt.
Mt phn cht long canh trng a s dung c a vao san xut, con phn khac
c a i tinh luyn bng phng phap sinh hoc thu nhn sinh khi hay em i c
c va sy.
Trong cng nghip vi sinh a thu nhn mt s ch phm ma nguyn cac cht
chuyn hoa cua chung nh axit amin, khang sinh, vitamin, cac enzim... co trong cht
long canh trng ban u trang thai hoa tan hay trang thai keo. Khi san xut cac ch
phm co ham lng cac cu t khng cao th cac qua trnh c c c thc hin la chu
yu, khng cn phai tach sinh khi bng con ng hp va sy cac mi trng ln men.
Khi thu nhn cac cht chuyn hoa dang tinh th co mc tinh th cao th s tach sinh khi
va tap cht rn khoi dung dch la giai oan u tin gia cng cht long canh trng.
Vic gia cng tip theo lam trong dung dch canh trng co th tin hanh theo nhi u
phng phap. Da vao cac tnh cht cua cac cu t va nhng oi hoi cua san phm ma
la chon phng phap gia cng cho thch hp.
8.2. THIT BJ EP
tach hoan toan phn chit ra khoi ba, ngi ta s dung may ep kiu vt. Hiu
sut cua qua trnh c xac nh bi s tach hoan toan pha long, cung nh cht lng
phn chit c (khng cha cac tiu phn rn). Khi vt cht long t do d dang tach
khoi phn kh. Dung phng phap ep khng th tach hoan toan phn chit. Lun lun
trong ba con lai mt lng cht chit, khng th tach c da ng cn bng tng ng
vi ap ap sut va nhit a cho.
143
May ep c ng dung vt c chia ra lam hai nhom: may ep c hoc tac ng
tun hoan, tac ng thu cng, loai truyn ng c hoc va sc ep bng thuy lc, loai kh
ng hoc; may ep co tac ng lin tuc - vt tai, lch tm, bng tai, ly tm va truc quay.
Nhc im cua cac may ep tac ng tun hoan la nng sut khng cao, kch thc ln,
nn t c ng dung trong cng nghip thc phm.
May ep vt tac ng lin tuc co tin b va hoan hao hn v cho phep c kh hoa va
t hoa qua trnh. Sau khi tach s b phn chit, ba cho vao phu cha va dung vt tai
chuyn vao xilanh t l, vao khoang vt va cui cung thai ra khoi mang. Tr s ti u
ng knh cua b phn t l la 2 mm. Khi ng knh ln hn, cht lng cua cht
loc b giam . Tng tr s tit din thoang cua cac l (b mt thoat nc) chim 5 8%.
Ap sut ep c iu chnh nh cac b phn kt cu khac nhau. Phn chit qua l xilanh
theo ng ng vao thung cha. cho ba chuyn di doc theo truc vt th h s ma sat
doc theo truc vt cn phai nho, con h s ma sat cua tng xilanh phai ln hay noi cach
khac, ba se quay cung vi vt ta i ma khng co chuyn v doc truc. tng h s ma sat
va tng nng sut vt tai, tng bn trong xilanh cn phai co nhng ranh doc.
May ep hai vt. Khi san xut enzim mc cng nghip ngi ta thng dung
may ep hai vt vt ba cu cai, ba du sinh hoc, mm malt...Hnh 8.2 m ta may ep hai
vt T1-BO-10. Hai vt quay ngc chiu va nm bn trong xilanh t l. Hai vt va
lam nhim vu vn chuyn trong xilanh va lam nhim vu ep. Vt ep c gn cht trn
truc. ng knh truc tng ln theo mc gn n khoang ap sut.
Cn iu chnh se chuyn dch theo tang quay c gn trn truc. Mc vt ba
phu thuc vao kch thc khe h gia cn va xilanh. Vt tai chuyn ba t phu cha vao
vt ep ri vao khoang ap sut. Ba sau khi ep c thai ra qua khe h gia cn va xilanh,
cht loc qua cac l trong xilanh vao thung cha theo cac oan ng.






Hnh 8.2. May ep hai vt:
1- iu chnh bng thuy lc; 2- Gia ; 3- Cn iu chnh; 4- Np; 5- Xilanh; 6,8- Vt;
7- Truc; 9- Phu cha; 10-Vo thit b; 11- B truyn ng; 12- ng c; 13- B may;
14, 15, 17, 20 - Cac oan ng; 16- B phn thu gp; 18- ai; 19- Tang quay
144
Kt cu cua may ep truc vt. Loai nay bao am vt ba t 85 90% nhit 58
60
0
C n 60 65% nhit 65 70
0
C. Thit b gm phu thao liu, xilanh loc, vt tai
va cac c cu thao liu. Xilanh loc c hnh thanh bi gian thanh lot thao ri c
gn trn cac vanh. Gia cac thanh oan cui tao thanh bay vung co kch thc khe h
khac nhau: kch thc khe h hai vung u 0,6 mm, vung th ba va th bn 0,4 va
nhng vung con lai 0,2 mm.
Truc vt gm cac ng vt c phn b trn truc. Gia cac ng co vong trung gian
thc hin hanh trnh cua cac dao. Khi m cho qua phu nap liu vao vung hoat
ng. Truc vt lam chuyn di khi m va ep qua ca thao liu di ap su t 1 5 MPa.
Phn chit c tach ra qua khe vo loc, con khi ep co m 60 65% nhit 65
70
0
C c tach ra qua c cu cht liu.
Nng sut cua may tnh theo san phm ban u 4000 kg/h, ng knh vt truc -
320 mm, cng sut ng c -17 kW.

Bang 8.1. c tnh ky thut cua may ep hai vt
Cac ch s -5A -5 B-5 T1-BO-10
Nng sut, tn/h
Ap lc ring cc ai ln ba,
MPa
ng knh ngoai cua vt,
mm
S vong quay cua vt,
vong/ph:
- Cua vt vn chuyn
- Cua vt ep
Bc vt, mm:
- Cua vt vn chuyn
- Cua vt ep
Cng sut dn ng, kW
Cac kch thc c ban, mm

Khi lng, kg
5

0,14

420


5,0
5,0

230
185
10
30001200
1580
2090
5

0,14

420


4,7
4,7

230
185
10
41101445
1685
2000
5

0,14

420


5,0
5,0

246
205
10
3600810
1267
2040
10

0,14

520


3,5
3,5

300
250
10
3935840
1400
2700

145
Tip theo bang 8.1
Cac ch s T1 - BO-20 T1 - BO-30 T1 - BO-50
Nng sut, tn/h
Ap lc ring cc ai ln
ba, MPa
ng knh ngoai cua
vt, mm
S vong quay cua vt,
vong/ph:
- Cua vt vn chuyn
- Cua vt ep
Cng sut dn ng,
kW
Cac kch thc c ban,
mm
Khi lng, kg
20

0,14

557


330
280

13

450010051400
4450
30

0,14

647


380
320

17

510011001450
6500
50

0,14

797


470
400

22

535014812000
8500

8.3. MAY TRICH LY
Qua trnh tach cac cht co thanh phn phc tap cha mt hay nhiu cu t bng
dung mi goi la trch li. Trong cng nghip vi sinh vic trch ly c ng dung tach
enzim ra khoi canh trng nm mc c nui cy bng phng phap b mt, tach
monosaccarit t pha rn sau khi thuy phn polysaccarit, tach lipit t sinh khi nm
men... Khi trch ly xay ra tach tng phn hay tach hoan toan cac cht co hoa tan khac
nhau trong dung dch khac nhau. Do khuch tan khi tip xuc vi hp cht em gia cng,
dung mi nh pha co nng thp hn c bao hoa bi cu t hoa tan trong o.
Qua trnh trch ly xay ra phu hp vi nh lut Fick, lng cac cht G (kg) c
trch ly, khuch tan qua lp loc ty l vi b mt cua lp o F (m
2
), ty l vi h s khuch
tan k
kt
(m
2
/s), vi s bin i nng theo chiu day cua lp (kg/m
3
), vi thi gian
(s) va ty l nghch vi b day cua lp (m):

= F K G
kt

Khi tnh toan qua trnh trch ly K
kt
i vi enzim co tr s bng 1,810

7
cm
2
/s, b
mt ring cua cht tham gia trong qua trnh khuch tan 7 cm
2
/cm
3
.
trch ly cac cht hoat hoa sinh hoc ngi ta ng dung cac b trch ly tac ng
tun hoan va lin tuc. Cac b trch ly va cac b khuch tan tac ng tun hoan co hiu
sut khng cao cho nn ch ng dung trong san xut co quy m nho. Cac ng khuch
tan, cac b khuch tan, may tach dang ct kiu nm ngang hay ng cung nh cac may
tach dang rto u thuc b trch ly tac ng lin tuc.
146
8.3.1. Cac b khuch tan
Cac b khuch tan c ng dung chit enzim t canh trng nm mc. B
khuch tan (hnh 8.3) gm t 8 n 10 ng khuch tan c lp trn mt mt phng
chung. Tt ca cac ng cua b khuch tan c thng nht hoa, co hnh dang xilanh ng
vi cac ca ong kn lt c va co ng ay hnh non.
Phn di non cua ng khuch tan co ng ni nap nc vao khuch tan, nap
hi tit trung thit b, thao nc ra va ba sinh hoc. Phn trn cua xilanh cua ng
khuch tan co kh p ni ly nc chit. Cac khp ni di u co van ba ca
thao phn chit c vao ng khuch tan tip theo hoc vao ng dn xa. Cac van
c phn b sao cho bt ky ng khuch tan nao cung co th ngng hoat ng ma
khng ngng hoat ng cua b khuch tan.
Van khng kh trn np dung ly mu khi chuyn nc chit t ng khuch tan
nay sang ng khuch tan khac. phn trn cua ng khuch tan cach khp rot 150 200
mm phn b lp kep co gn tng cng; li di co mt li t 10 15 mm, li trn-
0,25 0,5 mm. Sau khi nap canh trng vao ng khuch tan t cht cac li theo chu
vi cua phn xilanh.








Hnh 8.3. B khuch tan:
1- ng khuch tan; 2- Dong chay cua nc chit; 3- Vt tai canh trng cua nm
mc; 4- ng cung cp nc khuch tan; 5- ng thu nhn nc chit; 6- Khp thao;
7- Thung cha nc chit; 8- Vt tai; 9- Dn ng vt tai; 10- Dong thai

Cac ng khuch tan c kt hp mt cach lin tuc, dch c trch ly t phn trn
cua ng khuch tan trc o cho vao phn di cua ng tip theo. Nc chit c tach
ra t u ng khu ch ta n a ch a canh tr ng m i, sau o na p n c co nhi t
20 22
0
C vao ng khuch tan cui cung ly dch chit. ng thi dong nc chay
1
8
0
0

147
sang ng khuch tan tip theo, con ng khuch tan c nap canh trng mi va tr
thanh ng u cua b khuch tan.
Thi gian cua qua trnh trong mi ng khuch tan 30 45 phut, thi gian chung
cua qua trnh 4 6 h.
ng lc cua qua trnh khuch tan la gradient nng cua cht trong dung mi,
cho nn tng cng qua trnh cn gi hiu cc ai nng . iu nay c am bao
bng con ng tng th tch tng i cua dung mi, han ch qua trnh chay ri va tng
trao i khi.
thu nhn cac phn chit co nng cao cn s dung phng phap ngm chit
hp ly. Phn cht trch ly c tuyn ban u cho vao ra phn canh trng mi, con
ngm chit canh trng c s dung bi cac phn chit co nng thp va sau o bng
nc.
Trong qua trnh trch ly cac cht trng n, khi lng va th tch chi m ch tng,
do o xay ra hin tng vt dn san phm nm gia cac li.
ngn nga sc can xut hin trong b khuch tan cn phai nap nc di ap
sut 0,2 0,3 MPa.
Thi gian qua trnh trch ly enzim trong b co 8 ng khuch tan la 4h. Th tch
phn chit gp 3 4 ln th tch cua canh trng co ham lng cht kh 6 10%. Trong
b 10 ng, co 8 ng hoat ng, mt ng nap liu va mt ng thai liu.
u im c ban cua phng phap trch ly c nu trn la co kha nng thu nhn
nc chit trong cha enzim co nng cao, hu nh khng khac nng cua chung
trong canh trng ban u, v trch ly nhiu ln se tach hoan toan cac cht hoa tan.
Nhc im cua qua trnh la trong nc chit khng nhng co enzim ma con co
cha cac cht hoa tan khac, chu yu la ng, mui, axit amin va cac cht khng hoat
hoa khac.
8.3.2. Thit b khuch tan tac dung lin tuc
Thit b (hnh 8.4) gm phu nhn 1, c lp trn gian; b nh lng kiu quay
2, c ni vi phu bng ng mm; ng khuch tan dang ct 3, co c cu dn ng;
thung ket un nong nc 10 cho vao khuch tan; C cu nh lng formalin 14;
Thung ket tao ap sut khng i; thung cha lng nc chit 6; tram iu khin trung
tm.
Thit b khuch tan la h dung lng c cu tao bng thep dang ng, c ni
lin tuc vi nhau bng bng cac ng chuyn tip. Trong o co gn cac khung hnh ch
nht loai 250 350 mm vi cac li caprng co chiu day 10 mm. Tc chuyn dch
148
cua c cu vn chuyn c iu chnh t 1,8 n 3,0 mm/s. Cac xch ng ln c
chuyn ng nh ng c co cng sut 1,0 kW qua b bin tc xch va b truyn ng.
Di tac ng cua xung lng rung t may rung in t, canh trng phn nho c nap
u qua b nh lng vao ct u va lin tuc cha y tt ca khng gian gia hai sang
k lin. Khi nap liu vao ct u canh trng nm mc c lam t bng phn chit
enzim quay v vao thit b khuch tan. Bm nc nong 25 27
0
C qua sang 4 vao phn
trn cua ct cui cung va khi gp canh trng nm mc se bao hoa dn enzim.
Canh trng nm mc chuyn ng lin tuc khp cac ct gia cac khung cua sang,
con nc chit di tac ng cua ct ap sut tnh xut hin do chnh lch chiu cao
cua nc a vao va s thoat phn chit ra, chay qua sang. Thu phn chit cha enzim
trong khoang thi gian 100 phut sau khi bt u nap liu. Phn chit c loc qua b loc
7 nm di phn ct u, va sau o cho vao b lng. Mt phn nc chit a c tinh
ch cho vao cac giai oan san xut tip theo, phn con lai quay lai sang vao phn trn
cua ct u mt ln na thm t canh trng










Hnh 8.4. Thit b khuch tan:
1- Phu cha canh trng nm mc; 2- B nh lng; 3- Thit b khuch tan; 4- Sang;
5- Bm y nc chit lam lng va thm t canh trng; 6- B lng nc chit; 7-
B loc; 8- Bm y nc ba ep n khuch tan; 9- B lng nc ba ep; 10-Thung ket
un nong nc; 11- Bm y nc khuch tan; 12- Bm dung dch formalin; 14- B
nh lng dung dch formalin; 15- B dn ng ng khuch tan; 15- May ep truc vt.
Tin hanh tai sinh cac sang bng phng phap ra tun hoan phn trn cua ct
cui cung. Nc ra lai cho vao b khuch tan, con ba du sinh hoc nm gia cac khung
c thao ra va em ep vt.
149
c im ky thut cua thit b khuch tan
Nng sut tnh theo canh trng nm mc, tn/ngay: 3,5
Tc chuyn ng cua xch, mm/s: 1,8 3,0
S khung 93
Khoang cach gia cac khung, mm: 304
Kch thc c ban, mm: 9200 5000 6000
Khi lng, kg: 19400
8.3.3. May trch ly dang vt ng tac ng lin tuc
trch ly enzim, axit amin va cac cht khac t vt liu rn trong iu kin san
xut ln, ngi ta ng dung may trch ly tac ng lin tuc. May trch ly (hnh 8.5) gm 3
ct- nap liu, d liu kiu nng va ct nm ngang. Bn trong mi ct co vt t l, b
truyn ng iu chnh s vong quay trong gii han 0,25 n 2 vong/ph nhm chon
ch trch ly ti u. Cac ct nap va thao liu gm nhng oan ng ni nhau co ng
knh trong 600 mm. Chiu dai cua khoan trch ly 10.000 mm khi tng chiu dai cua ct
12000 mm.
















Hnh 8.5. Thit b trch ly kiu vt tai:
1- Dn ng; 2-Khp ni; 3-Cu
truc kim loai; 4- C cu nap liu; 5-
Vt nap liu; 6-Vo; 7- im nut ta
bi; 8- Khp ni; 9- Dn ng vt tai;
10- Khung ; 11- Np; 12- Vt
trung gian; 13- Vt nng; 14- C cu
thao liu; 15- Np; 16- Gi ta vt
ng; 17- Ngong truc
150
B nap liu kiu vt tai chuyn pha rn cua canh trng nm mc vao phn trn
cua ct nap liu. Vt t l chuyn tip xung pha di va qua phn nm ngang cua ct
vao ct nng. Canh trng nm mc t ct nap liu qua ct chuyn nm ngang vao
ct nng va sau khi vt th thai ra ngoai. Nc dng ln trong ct nap liu c bao hoa
lin tuc va sau khi qua b loc phn trn cua ct nng th a ra ngoai. H s cha y
pha rn cua ct co tnh n s trng n cua san phm bng 0,8. Thi gian trch ly
4060 phut nhit 25
0
C.
S dung b dn ng in iu chnh co cng sut 3,2 kW, s vong quay 1500
150 vong/ph quay vt tai. Truyn ng quay c thc hin qua ai truyn va b
truyn ng.
c tnh ky thut cua may trch ly dang vt:
Nng sut tnh theo pha rn, kg/h: 330
Nng sut trch ly, m
3
/h : 0,8
Ty l gia phn trch ly va pha rn tnh theo khi lng cht kh: 5:1
Th tch hoat ng cua phn trch ly, m
3
: 3,4
Thi gian trch ly, ph: t 40 n 60
Nhit cua phn trch ly,
0
C: 25
H s chit, %: 95
Cng sut thit k cua b dn ng, kW: 9,66
Kch thc c ban, mm: 3940 3055 12020
Khi lng, kg: 13200
8.3.4. Tnh toan may trch ly kiu ng dang vt
Sc cha cua thit b trch ly (m
3
):

2 1
f f Q
V =
trong o: Q - Nng sut cua thit b, kg/h;
- thi gian qua trnh, h;
f
1
- h s cha y thit b (thng ly 0,5);
f
2
- h s trng n;
- ty trong cua san phm, kg/m
3
.
Chiu dai cua vung trch ly (m):

F
V
L =
trong o: F -din tch tit din ngang cua ct trch ly, m
2
:
151
( )
2 2
r R F =
R - ban knh vo boc, m;
r - ban knh truc ct trch ly, m.
Tr s chiu dai tnh toan cua vung trch ly co th tng ln tng ng vi nhng
c im v kt cu, sau o co th tnh lai sc cha hoat ng cua thit b:
F L V
1
=
Nng sut cua vt vn chuyn nm ngang ( m
3
/h):

2 1
60 f f Q = h r
2
1

trong o: r
1
- ban knh vt, m;
h - bc vt, m;
- tc goc, vong/ph;
- ty trong cua vt liu trch ly, kg/m
3
.
Bc vt c tnh theo cng thc: h = 2Dtg
trong o: - goc nghing t nhin cua vt liu trch ly, ;
D - ng knh bn trong cua ng khuch tan, m.
V khi thit b trch ly hoat ng h s cht y co th bin i va xay ra hin
tng trt cua san phm, cung nh co kha nng chon ch cng ngh ti u, trn
vt tai thit lp dn ng co b iu khin s vong quay va ty s truyn ng. Vt ng
quay cung c thc hin nh b dn ng co s vong quay bng s vong quay cua vt
nm ngang.
Cng sut dn ng cua cac vt , kW:

K
d
N N
N
+
=


trong o: N

- cng sut tiu thu vn chuyn san phm, kW;
N
K
- cng sut tiu thu do ma sat cua san phm n vo thit b, kW;
- hiu sut truyn ng chung.
Cng sut (kW) tiu thu vn chuyn san phm cua vt ng:
974
M
N =

M - mmen can cua vt ng do ma sat cua san phm n vt va do nng ln theo vt:
M = Prtg( + )
trong o: P - tai trong doc truc, kg;
r - ban knh trung bnh cua vit, m;
152
- goc nng cua vt, ;
- goc ma sat, .
Tai trong doc truc ln vt tai:
( ) H r R P
1
2 2
=
trong o:
1
- ty trong cua san phm c bao hoa nc, kg/m
3
;
H - chiu cao cht liu cua vt tai, m.
Cng sut (kW) tiu thu do ma sat cua san phm vi tng vo thit b:
30 102
tg
3

=
k R Pf
N
K


trong o: P - tng ap lc cua san phm ln tng vo thit b, kg;
f
3
- h s ma sat san phm (thng ly gia tr bng 0,2);
k - h s lc ep (ly gia tr bng 0,5).
8.3.5. May trch ly tac ng lin tuc
trch ly gluxit trong mm mach nha, cung nh cac cht hoat hoa pectin trong
mixen kh cua nm mc thng ngi ta s dung cac may trch ly ngc dong dang ct.
Cac loai thit b nay cho phep s dung th tch vung hoat ng tng i ln va
tiu thu nng lng khng ang k. Chung dung gia cng nguyn liu co cac tnh
cht khuch tan thp va thi gian trch ly keo dai (n 0,5 1 h).
Thit b trch ly gm khoang tip xuc co dang ct lp ng c ni vi phong
lng trn va phong thao liu pha di. Cac g c phn b theo toan b chiu cao
cua vung tip xuc nhm am bao tao ra cac vung ham pha rn. Cac canh khuy c
gn trn truc vi nhng khoang cach bng nhau tng cng qua trnh.
Truc c gia c phn trn cua thit b va c ni vi b dn ng. iu
chnh s vong quay ta s dung b i tc .
Vung tip xuc cua thit b trch ly c trang b ao un nong nhm bao am nhit
trch ly 40 60
0
C hoc hn. Nh may tip liu kiu gung xon, pha rn c lam
m s b vao phn trn cua thit b trch ly.
Trong qua trnh chuyn ng theo ct xung di, pha rn tip xuc vi dung dch
chuyn ng ngc chiu, lin tuc qua nhiu vung khuy trn va ham va dung may vn
chuyn hai vt thao ra khoi phong di. Dung mi vi ty l 9:1 cho vao phong thao
liu bn di.
Ca khoang thao pha rn nm trn mc dung mi khoang 1500 mm, cho phep
lam giam m cua pha rn c thai ra ngoai. Nap liu cho thit b va thao phn chit
153
ra khoi no c xay ra mt cach lin tuc co kim tra t ng va iu chnh cac thng s
cua qua trnh.
8.3.6. May trch ly hai vt nm ngang tac ng lin tuc
Nhc im c ban cua may trch ly hai vt la tao ra cac vung, cac ranh ong co
sc can thuy lc nho lam cho dung mi tac ng khng u. loai tr cac vung ong
trn truc vt, ngi ta thit lp b lch tm chuyn v nhau khoang 10 20
0
.
Phng phap hu hiu tng nng sut cua cac may trch ly nm ngang la phn
chia chung ra thanh tng oan, do o ch tac ng ngc dong cua cac pha rn va
long se c tng cng va tc truyn khi cung tng ln. Thit b trch ly (hnh 8.6)
la mt mang nghing, bn trong no co hai vt vi nhng c cu trao i nhit va h bm.









Hnh 8.6. Thit b trch ly tac dung lin tuc cua Hang Nir Atomaizer:
1- Mang nghin; 2- Bm nh lng; 3- B trao i nhit; 4- Vt tai; 5- B
nh lng; 6- Dn ng; 7- Bm; 8- B trao nhit; 9- Ao trao i nhit

B nh lng c t trn thit b trch ly nap san phm vao phn di cua
mang. T u khac cua thit b bm nh lng y dung mi qua b trao i nhit vao
u trn cua mang. Phn chit qua b t loc tinh phn cui cua mang c tai ra ngoai.
Qua trnh trch ly c tin hanh hai mc va ngc dong, phng phap tip xuc
pha rn vi pha long nh th se bao am hiu sut chit cao hn. Thi gian trch ly c
iu chnh bi tc quay cua vt tai.
8.3.7. Thit b trch ly dang rto
trch ly enzim mt cach lin tuc t cac canh trng nm mc va vi khun,
ngi ta s dung ph bin cac may trch ly gang rto c san xut Nht Ban.
Dung mi
San phm
San phm a kh
kim ln hai
Phn chit ln hai
San phm a kh
kim ln 1
Phn chit
ln u
Dung mi
5
154
May trch ly nay (hnh 8.7) c san xut t thep cha t cacbon va la mt khi
kn bt ng, bn trong co rto c chia ra thanh 16 hnh quat (hoc hn) lam quay
truc ng.
Mi ngn co ay li vi b su 0,23 0,36 m, canh trng nm mc c nghin
nho, sau khi nh lng cho vao ay li. Khi rto quay chm cac khoang hnh quat trn
lin tuc i qua bn khu vc. khu vc u canh trng c gia cng bng nc, sau
o nh bm chn khng phn chit c loc va chay vao thung cha bm vao khu
vc hai. Tai y canh trng nm mc c trch ly, loc va cho chay vao thung cha th
hai. Cac cng oan nay c lp lai trong cac khu vc 3 va 4.
Sau khi trch ly (thi gian trch ly la 30, 45, 60 va 90 ph), phn chit c lam
giau enzim cho vao gia cng tip theo, con ba sinh hoc c thai ra va cho vao sy. Cho
nn khi hoat ng lin tuc trong mi khoan hnh quat cua may trch ly dang rto, cho
phep tin hanh gia cng canh trng bng nc m t cach lin tuc (s ln gia cng la bi
s cua 4) va gia cng canh trng bng nc chit cho n khi tach hoan toan enzim.
Dn ng cua rto may trch ly c thc hin qua b truyn ng, ng thi cac
banh ai thay i lam thay i s vong quay cua rto.
Hnh 8.7. May trch ly hoat ng
lin tuc dang rto:
1- B nap liu; 2- Khoang hnh
quat; 3- May sy ba sinh hoc; 4-
Cac thung cha; 5- Bm; 6- ng
ng dn dung dch c; 7- Khp ni
nap cht tai nhit; 8- Bng tai
chuyn ba sinh hoc; 9- Thung cha;
10- ng ng dn nc khuch
tan; 11- Bm chn khng; 12- Voi
phun
c tnh ky thut cua may trch ly dang r to tac ng lin tuc:
Nng sut theo phn chit, l/h: 250 1500
S phong hnh quat trong rto: 16 20
Chiu su cua phong hnh quat, mm: 230 360
ng knh cua rto, mm: 6200 7570
Chiu cao cua lp canh trng nm mc, mm: n 300
Tng b mt loc, m
2
: 20
n bm
chn khng
6
8
155
trch ly ba parafin cua du mo t cac canh trng nm men a c nui cy
trn o thng ngi ta s dung cac may trch ly dang rto do Hang Rouzadauns. Kt
cu tng t may hnh 8.7, gm 8 rto quay co cac quay va cac ay li lt c (hnh
8.8). Pha rn (nm men) theo bng tai vao cac c gi lai th bt ng, con cht
trch ly cho vao bn trn pha rn.
Phn chit cho vao thung cha. bao hoa ti a phn chit c tun hoan lin
tuc qua cac . Phn chit co ham lng cac cht trch ly ln c cho vao cac cha vt
liu mi dung mi bao hoa hoan toan. Sau khi tach parafin va trc khi thao nm
men dung mi m i c nap vao cac . Kt thuc qua trnh th ay lt ngc lai va vt
liu a trch ly c thai ra ngoai. Nng sut cua thit b tnh theo sinh khi hn 100
tn/ngay.





















Hnh 8.8. Thit b trch ly lin
tuc cua Hang Rouzdauns:
1- Bng tai nap liu; 2- Truc
rto; 3- C cu keo; 4- Ca
qua bng tai thao liu; 7- ay
lt; 8-Bm; 9- Sang t lam
sach; 10- B phn phi mixen
Hnh 8.9. May kh sonvat hoa cua
Hang Rouzdauns:
1- Bng tai; 2- C cu keo; 3- B loc
kh; 4- Vo thit b; 5- Truc; 6- Cao;
7- a; 8- C cu thai; 9- Dn ng
Vt liu ban u

M
i
x
e
n

Nguyn liu a c trch ly
Hi cua dung mi
Dung mi
Nguyn
liu vi
dung mi
San phm kh
156
tach dung mi ra khoi vt liu a c trch ly (nm men), thit b cn trang b
may kh sonvat hoa (hnh 8.9). Khi vt liu chuyn di trong may theo cac a t trn
xung di, dung mi c bc hi va a ra khoi thit b. Cac tiu phn cua vt liu b
hi cun theo vao thit b loc kh, tai y chung c thu gom khi khuy trn vi
dung mi (xem hnh 8.9).
8.4. MAY LOC
Thit b dung phn chia cac h khng ng nht bng phng phap loc qua lp
ngn (vai, li kim loai, cactng, gm xp, lp cat mn, iatomit...) c goi la may loc.
Theo nguyn tc tac ng cua cac may loc, ngi ta chia ra lam hai loai: tac ng
tun hoan va tac ng lin tuc. Cac may loc co th phn loai theo ap sut c chia ra
cac loai sau: loc theo phng phap trong lc, may loc hoat ng di ap sut cua ct
cht long, may loc chn khng va may loc ep.
Cac may loc hoat ng di ap sut cua ct cht long, loc theo phng phap trong
lc (co lp hat mn, lo c bng mang mong, loc tui, b loc); cac may loc di chn khng
(loc hut) u thuc loai may loc co tac dung tun hoan.
Cac may loc lam vic di chn khng (thit b loc hnh trng, thit b loc kiu
a, kiu bng tai) thuc loai may loc co tac dung lin tuc.
Trong san xut bng phng phap vi sinh, cac may loc c ng dung trong cac
qua trnh tach sinh khi cht long canh trng lam trong dung dch cha cac cht
hoat hoa sinh hoc, loc tit trung, tach cac cht hoat hoa sinh hoc dang kt tua khoi
dung dch...Tt ca cac qua trnh nay co th c chia ra lam ba dang c ban: tach huyn
phu vi muc ch loai pha long khoi pha rn (ham lng cui cung cua pha rn trong
huyn phu thng ln hn 10%); lam trong vi muc ch lam sach cht long khoi nhng
hat bn hay thu hi pha rn co ham lng khng nho trong dung dch; c c huyn phu
vi muc ch tng nng pha rn.
S nguyn tc hoat ng cua bt ky loai may loc nao cung u n gian: huyn
phu c nap vao mang xp, pha long se qua mang xp, con pha rn c gi lai dang
lp kt tua c.
8.4.1. May loc loai tac ng tun hoan
May loc ep kiu phong. May loc ep khac vi may loc khung bi th tch nho hn
cua cac phong kt tua va bi ap sut lam vic ln. iu o cho phep loc c nhng
huyn phu kho tach.
157







Hnh 8.10. May loc ep kiu phong:
1-Ban; 2- B mt gn song cua ban; 3- Phong; 4,5- Cac lp vai loc;
6- Ranh chuyn huyn phu; 7- Ranh thai phn loc
May loc ep kiu phong (hnh 8.10) gm cac ban co b mt gn song tao nn cac
phong. t cac mang loc gia cac ban lam thanh hai lp. Cac mang loc ng thi cung
la nhng vt bt kn khi nen cac tm. Nap huyn phu cung luc vao tt ca cac phong theo
ranh pha trn, con phn loc, khi cho qua tt ca cac mang loc, chay xung di theo cac
mang cua b mt cac tm gn song va c dn ra theo ranh chung phn di. Khi
cn thit cht kt tua trong cac phong may phai ra va kh nc bng phng phap nap
dung dch ra hay khng kh ne n theo ranh trn va thao qua ranh di. Thao cn ra
khoi phong cua may loc ep c tin hanh tng t nh khi thao cn ra khoi may loc
khung ban.
8.4.2. May loc tac ng lin tuc
Thit b ep loc hnh trng co trin vong nht san xut bng phng phap vi sinh
va sau o la may loc dang bng tai.
May loc chn khng dang bng tai. May loc chn khng dang bng tai khac vi
cac loai may loc khac ch: cht kt tua co chiu cao n 120 mm co th tao thanh trn
b mt loc mt lp hoat hoa . Cac tiu cn cng, nng khi qua lp loc c gi lai gn
vai loc, con nhng tiu phn nhe hn nm trn lp loc va khng bt kn cac l vai loc.
Thit b loc chn khng dang bng tai (hnh 8.11) gm ban nm ngang vi cac tang dn
ng va cac tang keo bng tai gn bng vai caosu khep kn, c cu dn ng cua cac
phong chn khng va cac c cu ra bng tai, sy va thao cht kt tu a va thung thu
nhn cht kt tua.
Cac phong chn khng vi cac vach ngn di ng c phn b theo khp chiu
dai cua thit b di dai loc. Dai c lam t m vai c phu cac lp caosu. Trn b
mt cua no co nhng np su doc, ngang. Khi bng tai chuyn dch tang keo n b mt
ngang cua ban, g bng lai c nng ln lam cho bng tai co dang hnh mang.
158









Hnh 8.11. S thit b loc chn khng dang bng tai
vi qua trnh ra cht kt tua ngc dong:
1- Thung ket co may khuy huyn phu; 2- Bm y huyn phu; 3- Bm hut phn chit
ra khoi thit b; 4- Thung cha phn chit; 5- Bm hut phn chit a c ra ln
u; 6-Thung cha phn chit a c ra ln u; 7- Loc chn khng; 8- Thung cha
phn chit a c ra ln hai; 9- Bm hut phn chit a c ra ln hai va y vao
ra ln mt; 10- Thung cha phn chit a c ra ln ba; 11- Bm hut phn chit a
c ra ln ba va y vao ra l n hai; 12-Thung nh lng;
I- Huyn phu; II-Phn chit chnh; III-Khng kh; IV- Phn chit a c ra ln
mt; V- Phn chit a c ra ln hai; VI- Phn chit a c ra ln ba; VII- Nc

Cht long canh trng chay vao nhanh trn cua bng tai va khi chuyn dch trn
cac phong chn khng, phn chit qua l loc cua bng tai vao cac khoang cua phong
chn khng, con cac tiu phn rn cua huyn phu c gi lai trn b mt cua bng tai.
Khi bng tai tip tuc chuyn dch, cht lng c ra nu thy cn thit , khi o phn
chit c ra a vao khoang tip theo cua phong chn khng, con cn rn tip tuc
chuyn dch, sy, dung dao tach khoi vai va cho vao thung cha.
Qua trnh loc c iu chnh d dang nh s bin i chiu cao cua lp kt tua
(cn), nh tc chuy n dch cua bng tai trn cac phong chn khng, nh s bin i
v tr cua mang ngn trong cac phong chn khng. C cu dn ng cua tang quay bao
am iu chnh nhp nhang tc chuyn ng cua bng tai trong gii han rng, iu
o cho phep chon ch loc ti u phu hp vi danh muc phong phu cua cac ging vi
khun.
Khi may loc chn khng dang bng tai hoat ng khng cn ra cht kt tua th
Ti h thng
chn khng
159
sut tiu hao khng kh la 0,8 3 m
3
cho 1 m
2
b mt loc, con khi ra cht kt tua bng
nc - khoang 2 ln nho hn.
Tin trnh tai sinh kha nng loc cua bng tai nh voi phun va cac ng t l, nc
y qua cac voi phun va cac ng ngc dong vi hng chuyn ng cua nhanh bng tai
di. Khi ra tng ngc dong co th tin hanh tai sinh bng tai thm ch khi hnh
thanh cac kt tua nht va dnh.
Nng sut n v cua cac may loc chn khng dang bng tai khi loc canh trng
nm mc t 1000 dn 1500 l/(m
2
.h), con canh trng vi khun- 4 6 ln nho hn.
Tt ca cac b phn cua may ep chn khng dang bng tai co tip xuc vi san phm
t tng hp vi sinh u lam bng thep X18H10T, tang quay va tm ay u boc caosu,
vo may phai boc kn.
c tnh ky thut cua may loc chn khng dang bng tai c nu trn bang 8.2.
Bang 8.2. c tnh ky thut cua may loc chn khng dang bng tai
Cac ch s

1
,
6
-
0
,
5
-
3
,
2
-
1
;

1
,
6
-
0
,
5
-
3
,
2
-
1
1

2
,
5
-
0
,
5
-
4
,
8
-
1
;

2
,
5
-
0
,
5
-
4
,
8
-
1
1

3
,
2
-
0
,
5
-
5
,
6
-
1
;

3
,
2
-
0
,
5
-
5
,
6
-
1
1
1

-
4
0
-
5
,
8
-
1

-
4
0
-
5
,
8
-
1
1

4
-
1
0
-
1
,
2
5
-
8

Din tch b mt loc, m
2

Chiu rng bng tai, mm
Chiu dai cua phong chn
khng, mm
Tc chuyn ng cua
bng tai, m/ph
Cng sut ng c in
dn ng bng tai,kW
S vong quay cua truc,
vong/ph
Kch thc c ban, mm


Khi lng cua b loc vi
c cu dn ng, kg
1,6
50
3200

0,84,8

3,0

1430

5580
1970
1750

3600
2,5
500
4800

0,84,8

3,0

1430

7200
1970
1750

4170
3,2
50
6400

1,06,0

5,5

1450

8790
1970
1750

5060
4
500
6400

1,59,0

5,5

1450

11630
1970
2100

6740
10
1250
3000

4,010

10

970

13360
4650
3500

20360
u im cua cac may loc chn khng dang bng tai la thiu u phn phi huyn
phu; kha nng lng cua cac hat ln di tac ng cua trong lc, nh o ma qua trnh loc
c tng nhanh; tin li cho qua trnh ra cn vi lp kt tua mong cung co th hoat
ng c.
160
Nhc im cua loai nay la kch thc ln, b mt loc tng i nho, thn trong
trong vic nap huyn phu, phn chit thu nhn b uc va phai lam lanh huyn phu loc.
Cac nc a san xut ra cac may loc co b mt loc cho mt bng tai t 0,25 n 40
m
2
va khi hai bng tai, hai phong chn khng - n 80 m
2
.
May loc chn khng thung quay. Loai may loc nay c ng dung tach sinh
khi vi sinh vt khoi dung dch canh trng va loc huyn phu co cu truc khac nhau
cua cac th vn rn (cu truc si, cu truc keo hay cu truc khng nh hnh). Cac th
vn rn thng cha khoang t 50 n 500 g/l.
Nng sut n v cua thit b phu thuc vao cac tnh cht hoa ly cua huyn phu
phn ly, vao vt liu loc, vao cac giai oan xay ra trc khi loc va dao ng trong gii
han rng. May loc chn khng dang thung quay co hiu qua nht khi phn ly huyn phu
co nng pha rn cao hn 2%.









Hnh 8.12. S thit b loc chn khng dang thung quay tac ng lin tuc:
1,8- Thung ket co b khuy trn huyn phu; 2- Bm y huyn phu; 3- Bm y huyn
phu cua cht loc h tr; 4-Thung ket co b khuy cht loc h tr; 5- Bm tun hoan; 6-
Thung ket co b khuy cha huyn phu khi trao ra;7- Loc chn khng; 9- Thung
cha phn loc; 10- Bm hut phn loc; 11- Bnh cha cht loc a c ra; 12- Bm hut
phn loc a c ra; 13- B tach nc; 14- May quat gio; 15- Hp ap k; 16- Bm
chn khng; 17- B ngng tu; 18- B thu hi;
I- Phng an chnh ni thit b phu; II- Phng an kt h p huyn phu lng
nhanh; III- Huyn phu cua cht loc h tr phng an hoat ng co lp bi tch; IV-
Phng an kt hp thu hi; V- Phng an kt hp b ngng tu; VI-Phng an kt hp
b thu hi va b ngng tu
Huyn phu
ng dn
cht long
trao ra
8
Khng nho hn
9000 mm
Huyn phu
161
Tuy nhin khi c s b huyn phu bng phng phap lng hay nh b xoay thuy
lc co th at hiu sut loc cao nht. Khi loc cac cht trung hoa, nng sut n v tnh
theo huyn phu la 2 3 m
3
/(m
2
h), i vi cac chung nm mc - gn 1, con i vi
chung vi khun- n 0,2 m
3
/(m
2
h). iu o co th giai thch ch khi lng mixen
c tach ra mt cach trc tip trong cac phong chn khng dang thung quay, khi o cac
t bao nm men va t bao vi khun cha co lp bi khng c loc, con khi bi p lp
loc va b sung 4 8% peclit, iatomit hay cht tac nhn tng phm cht loc vao cht
long canh trng, nng sut n v loc co th at 0,2 m
3
/(m
2
h).
Thung quay c phn chia ra thanh mt s khoang ma trong mt vong cac
khoang nay trc tip qua bn vung, la nhng vung c ban trong thit b loc chn khng
dang thung quay (hnh 8.13). Cac khoang cua thung quay c bao phu bi tm t l
va b keo cng bi vt liu loc. S vong quay cua thung c thay i nhp nhang trong
gii han t 0,13 n 3 vong/phut. Thung quay c lp trong cac c bit. Tm ay
di thung co mang chay va may khuy lc hoat ng nh b dn ng ring bit co s
vong quay n 0,3 vong/phut.
May loc chn khng dang thung quay c thit k theo ch nap li u n 1/3
va 2/3 ng knh, phu thuc vao cac tnh lng ong cua huyn phu. Goc nap liu ti u
cua thung quay bng 130149
0
.
Hoat ng cua thit b loc chn khng c tin hanh nh sau: Cht long canh
trng t thung cha c y vao tm ay, tai y mc chay long c gi khng i.
Qua trnh loc c thc hin trong bn vung theo chu ky quay cua thung (hnh 8.13).

Hnh 8.13. May loc chn khng
dang thung quay:
1- Thung quay; 2- bi; 3- Thung
cha huyn phu; 4- May khuy lc;
5- Xy lanh c bn trong; 6- Xilanh
ngoai t l; 7- Vai loc; 8- Mang
chn loc; 9- Khoang loc; 10- a
phn mt mut cua ngong truc;
11- Cac ng; 12 - Phn bt ng cua
u c phn b dang vong cung
cac ca; 13- Voi phun; 14- Dao nao
cn; I- Loc qua vai; II- Sy cn; III-
Ra cn; IV- Thi va lam ti cn
Nc

Huyn phu
H
u
y

n

p
h
u

Khng kh
Nc
ra
Cht
loc
b c
Nc
162
Trong vung I (130 149
0
), loc di chn khng xay ra qua lp trn thung va ng
thi cht cn nm trn o. Trong vung II (54 55
0
), cn c sy kh do o b hut vao,
khng kh mang m t cht cn. vung III (90 100
0
) tin hanh ra cht cn bng xi
nc hay dung dch ra khac. vung IV (85 55
0
), khng kh c vao bn trong a
phn tin hanh thi va lam ri cht cn va tin hanh lam sach b loc khoi cht cn
khi phuc lai cac tnh cht loc cua no.
H tao chn khng gm bm chn khng, cac thung cha phn loc, nc ra va b
thu hi. Loai bo cht cn khoi b loc c thc hin bng mt s phng phap, phu
thuc vao cac tnh cht cua lp cn. S dung cao loai khi mixen d boc dang lp
day, i vi cac lp t bao vi khun dang mong va dnh dung truc can va loai ch t
cn co b day trung bnh va ln thng s dung dy cao.
B loc c ch tao bng thep khng r, cht deo va cac vt liu c boc caosu,
cho nn co th ng dung chung loc cac huyn phu co tnh n mon nhit t 0 n
50
0
C.
Chon nng sut cua bm chn khng xut phat t nh mc tiu hao khng kh co
ra hay khng ra cht cn ma co b mt loc tng ng: 0,5 2 va 0,4 1,4 m
3
trn 1
m
2
. Trong trng hp loc cac huyn phu c, d n, v du sau khi lam lng enzim t
dung dch ru hay axeton tt nht la ng dung b loc chn khng dang kh. Vi muc
ch ngn nga s tao ra hn hp d n vi khng kh, nap kh tr di ap sut d 10
kPa vao phn trn cua thit b.
Khng kh di ap sut 50 100 KPa c nap vao thit b thi cht cn va
hoan nguyn vai loc, tiu hao khng kh t 0,1 n 0,5 m
3
/ m
2
.
Bang 8.3. c tnh ky thut cua thit b loc chn khng dang thung quay
Cac ch s -T-1 OK-3-1,75 OK-10-2,6
Din tch b mt loc, m
2

Kch thc thung quay, mm
ng knh
Chiu dai
Th tch cht long trong ay
mang, l
Cng sut ng c, kW
Kch thc c ban, mm

Khi lng, kg
1

1000
345

130
0,6
14151515
1625
835
3

1750
630

1000
1,1
22002400
2550
2176
10

2600
1350

3500
2,2
30003200
3370
2580

163
Tip bang 8.3
Cac ch s OK-20-2,6 TP-30-3,14 TP-45-3,14
Din tch b mt loc, m
2

Kch thc thung quay, mm
ng knh
Chiu dai
Th tch cht long trong ay
mang, l
Cng sut ng c, kW
Kch thc c ban, mm

Khi lng, kg
20

2600
2600
4200

3,0
45703230
3330
4142
30

3140
3070
3500

5,5
53004650
4150
22484
45

3140
4570
4200

5,5
71007770
4070
29960
Bang 8.4. c tnh ky thut cua cac may loc chn khng ghep kn dang thung quay
Cac ch s H-3-1,75 P-10-2,6 X-50-3,0
Din tch b mt loc, m
2

Kch thc thung quay, mm
ng knh
Chiu dai
Goc nap huyn phu cua thung quay,
S vong quay cua thung, vong/ph
Th tch cht long trong ay mang, l
Cng sut ng c dn ng thung
quay va may khuy trn, kW
Kch thc c ban, mm

Khi lng, kg
3

1750
630
135
0,108 2,05
1000

1,1
24602470
2630
3038
10

2600
1315
144
0,42,4
3500

3,0
35503700
3500
10350
50

3002
5404
148
0,38;0,55; 0,75
4200

7,5
93004500
4235
32825
May loc ep t ng dang phong. Loai nay dung tach cac huyn phu phn tan
mn co kch thc cac hat khng ln hn 3 mm va ham lng cua pha rn t 10 n 500
kg/m
3
nhit di 80
0
C. Loai may nay cho phep thc hin tt ca cac cng oan
chnh va phu (loc, ra, ep, ly cn, nng va ha cac bang loc) theo chng trnh nh sn
ch t ng.
May ep loc t ng dang phong co mt s u im so vi cac may loc khac. No
co b mt loc phat trin; din tch b tr khng ang k (v du, thit b co b mt loc
25 m
2
, chim din tch gn 8 m
2
); ep cn tin hanh di ap sut 0,8 1,5 MPa, cho phep
nhn c sinh khi co m trong gii han 60 70% vi s tiu hao nng lng nho
(0,8 1 kWh/m
2
b mt loc); thi gian tin hanh cac cng oan phu khng nhiu, iu
o lam tng nng sut n v cua thit b gp 6 8 ln so vi cac may loc ep khac.
164
iu khin cac cng oan cng ngh c thc hin nh c cu in- thuy lc,
loai tr hoan toan chi ph lao ng thu cng, bao am canh trng san xut co cht
lng cao, cac ban co th chuyn di ln, xung doc theo bn.
May ep loc t ng dang phong (hnh 8.14) gm cac ban loc nm ngang, c
phn b trn, di, gia ban c nh va ban ep tru hng nh s chuyn dch cua ban ep.
ng c in qua h thng c cu lam chuyn ng ban ep. Khi ha cac ban, gia
chung tao ra khe ranh khoang 45 mm, con cac ban gi va ban ep nm trn va d i co
cac oan ng ni bn sn, tao ra cac ng gop cp huyn phu va dn phn chit ra.
Trong cac ranh gia cac khoang co bng tai khep kn c vut vai loc nhan hiu vi
chiu day 1,5 2 mm. Mi ban loc u co li pha trn, trn li la bng vai cha cn
tao thanh, con di li la tm mang thu phn chit. Di tm mang la mang ngn
bng caosu an hi, nh o ma di ap sut cua ct nc lam cho cht cn b nen lai.












Khi lp rap b loc gia cac ban gn nhau trong cac khoang may se tao ra nhng
ranh trn bng tai cp huyn phu, cac ranh di lui thai phn chit, con gia cac
mang va cac tm mang cac ranh nap nc vt va ep cht cn ap sut 1,5 MPa.
Cac khung ban co lp m cht bng caosu.
Trong s ngoai may loc ep con co thung cha 2 thu cn huyn phu va dung
dch ra t ng gop , thung cha dung dch ra 3, tram bm nc 4, thung cha nc t
phong tai sinh 5, thung cha phn chit a c ra 6 , thung cha phn loc 7, tram bm
du 8, thung cha huyn phu 9, tram iu khin 10 va ai iu khin 11.
May ep loc hoat ng nh sau: Cht long canh trng cho vao cac oan ng bn
sn cua ng gop, ng thi n ca c ban, tai y cht long c loc, phn loc cho vao
Hnh 8.14. S thit b loc ep
t ng dang phong:
1- Loc ep; 2- Thung cha thu
cac cht t cac ng gop; 3- Thung
cha dung dch ra; 4- Tram bm
nc; 5-Thung cha nc t phong
tai sinh; 6- Thung cha phn chi t
a c ra; 7- Thung cha phn
chit; 8-Tram bm du; 9- Thung
cha huyn phu; 10- Tram iu
khin; 11- ai iu khin
Cht
lng
Nc
Cht
lng
Khng kh
Huyn phu
Cht lng a
c ra
165
thung cha, con cn c gi lai trn b mt vai loc. Cht long canh trng c tach ra
khoi sinh khi, khi loc va vt cn ap sut 0,4 MPa th thu c phn loc trong. Khi
tng ap sut vt cao hn n 0,8 MPa va gi trong vong 5 6 phut th m con lai cua
cn at 65 70%. ap sut loc 0,4 MPa khng xay ra hin tng phn loc mang theo
pha rn, con khi vt cn di ap sut 0,8 MPa th mt lt phn loc cha mt lng cc
ai 0,09 gam. Khi cn thit, cn trc khi vt co th ra qua va sau o ep bng mang
ngn hoc gia cng bng khng kh nen. Nap cht long ra cn vao may loc ep nh
bm c bit, sau o cht long t chay vao bnh cha phn loc.
Cn c tao ra trn bng tai trong phong, bng tai bt u chuyn ng cung vi
cn thoat ra ngoai theo khe h c tao ra (n 45 mm) gia cac ban khi ngng nap
huyn phu va thai phn loc. Khi bng ta i chuyn ng, cn c chuyn ra t khoang
khng gian gia cac ban va c thao ra t hai hng. Ra vai bng nc lanh dung voi
phun di ap sut 0,3 MPa va cao sach. Sau khi lam sach bng tai, cac ban loc c ep
cht va chu ky c lp lai.
Bang 8.5. c trng ky thut cua cac may loc ep t ng dang phong
Cac ch s 2,5H 5H 10H 25H 50H
Din tch b mt loc, m
2

S cac ban loc
Kch thc vai loc, mm
dai
rng
Cng sut ng c cho c
cu ep cac ban, kW
Cng sut ng c cho c
cu chuyn di bng tai, kW
Cng sut ng c bm
du, kW
Cng sut ng c bm
nc, kW
Kch thc c ban, mm


Khi lng, kg
2,5
6

17000
700 750

3

1,5



17
2660
1760
2750
4800
5
6

20000
845 920

5,5

1,5



17
3375
2000
2780
6900
10
12

35000
845 920

5,5

3

1,5

17
3375
2000
3525
8670
25
16

50000
11001200

7,5

3



22
3780
1250
4240
14300
50
20

70000
1450

10

5,5



22
5000
2930
5550
23300
8.4.3. La chon va tnh toan cac may loc
Khi la chon cac may loc, ngi ta cn c vao tnh cht hoa ly cua huyn phu,
nhng yu cu tinh ch phn loc va cn, m cua cht cn thu c, tnh lin tuc cua
qua trnh va s lng cac cng oan, cac ch s ky thut - kinh t, nng sut... Nh cac
166
ch s trung bnh ma co th chon gn ung dang thit b cn thit loc huyn phu. Cac
ch s trung bnh c nu trong bang 8.6.
Nng sut n v cua may loc ep t ng dang phong khi nng cua pha rn
trong huyn phu 4 7 g/l at gn 1000 l/(m
2
h), ap sut lam vic 1,2 MPa.
S va trnh t tnh toan thit k may loc phu thuc vao dang va nhng c im
kt cu cua may loc, cung nh vao ch lam vic cua chung.
Bang 8.6.Cac ch s hoat ng trung bnh cua may loc.
Cac ch s xac nh phng phap loc
va chon may loc
May loc
bng tai
May loc chn
khng dang
thung quay
May loc ep
t ng
dang phong
Din tch b mt loc, m
2

Nng sut n v theo phn loc khi loc cac
huyn phu khac nhau, m
3
/(m
2
.h)
Co cac cht kt tinh
Co cac cht kt tinh va khng nh hnh
Co cac t bao vi khun hay antinomixet
Co cac mixen nm mc
Cac ch s hoat ng v kinh t, ky thut khi
ham lng pha rn trong huyn phu, g/l
di 5
(1)

di 10
(1)

di 150
cao hn 150
Thu nhn phn loc tinh
Ra cn
Cac cum may loc c ch tao bng thep
chu axit hay bng titan
Boc caosu cac cum ring bit
n 10


-
0,15 0,4
0,15 0,4
0,5 2,0


trung bnh
trung bnh
cao
trung bnh
thp
trung bnh

trung bnh
trung bnh
n 40


2 4
0,1 0,2
0,1 0,2
0,5 1,0


trung bnh
trung bnh
trung bnh
cao
trung bnh
cao

cao
trung bnh
n 50


4 8
0,2 0,5
0,2 0,5
1,0 4,0


trung binh
cao
trung bnh
thp
cao
trung bnh

thp
thp
Ghi chu:
(1)
Khi s dung cac cht loc phu.
Nng sut cua cac may loc hoat ng tun hoan phu thuc vao thi gian cua tt ca
cac cng oan tham gia vao chu trnh loc.
Thi gian cua mt chu ky loc:
T =
l
+
r
+
p

trong o:
l
,
r
,
P
- tng ng vi thi gian loc ring, ra cn, d tai va chun b may
moc loc, s.
Nng sut Q (m
3
/h) cua may loc c tnh xut phat t th tch huyn phu nap vao
loc , ta co:
167

T
V
Q
3600
=
V - lng huyn phu nap vao, m
3
.
Nu tc trung bnh v [m
3
/(m
2
h)] (tc cua phn loc qua lp loc hay qua tm
loc) va din tch b mt loc F (m
2
) u a bit, th nng sut cua b loc:
vF Q =
Tc loc trung bnh dao ng trong gii han 0,25 0,9 m
3
/(m
2
h).
S lng phong cn thit n trong cac may loc kiu phong co th c xac nh
theo cng thc:
n =
f
F

f - din tch b mt loc mt phong, m
2
:
( )
2
2 2 b a f =
y: a - canh vung cua ban hay khung theo kch thc ngoai cung, m.
b - b rng b mt tip xuc cua ban hay khung, m.
B rng cua phong ln hn lp cn, trong trng hp ngc lai cn thit tng s
lng phong. Ap sut loc co th thay i trong pham vi t 0,1 0,2 n 0,7 0,8 MPa
va ln hn, c xac nh bng phng phap thc nghim.
Cac gia tr lc P
1
(MN) cua ap sut cht long ln ban va lc P
2
(MN) cua ap sut
ln din tch tip xuc gia ban va khung se tng ng:
P
1
= F
1
P

va P
2
= F
t
P
t

trong o: F
l
- din tch b mt ban ma cht long c loc trn o, m
2
;
P
d
- ap sut cht long khi loc, P

= 0,1 0,4 MPa ;

F
t
- din tch b mt tip xuc gia ban va khung, m
2
;
P
t
- ap sut ti thiu ln b mt tip xuc, cn thit bt kn ch ni gia ban
va khung, MPa.
ai lng ban u tnh c cu nen la lc
2 1
P P P + .
cho cac mt bch tip xuc theo hai mt phng ging nhau,
d t
P P .
cho may loc chn khng dang thung quay tac dung lin tuc, th thi gian toan
b mt chu ky loc (s) la:
( ) ( )
r l r l
m m m T + + =
trong o:
l
va
r
- thi gian loc ring va thi gian ra cn, s;
168
m, m
l
va m
r
- tng ng vi s khoang chung, s khoang trong vung loc va
trong vung ra. ai lng m, m
l
va m
r
- thng cho hoc nhn c
theo s liu th nghim.
Nu din tch b mt loc c tnh qua F(m
2
) va nng sut n v cua may loc qua
q (m
3
/m
2
), th lng cht loc thu c sau mt chu ky la: qF (m
3
), con nng sut mt gi
cua may loc (m
3
/h) la:
T
qF
Q 3600 =
Co th xa c nh m c ch t li u huy n phu cu a thu ng quay theo th i gian
lo c
l
(s):
T
l

=
S vong quay cua thung may loc chn khng, vong/phut:
T
n
60
=
8.5. THIT BJ TUYN NI
Qua trnh tach cac tiu phn rn, nho cua huyn phu da vao kha nng dnh vao
bot khng kh cua chung va ni ln trn, khi tp trung lai thanh vang c goi la tuyn
ni. Phng phap tach nay co hiu qua nht trong san xut nm men. Khi cac bot khng
kh ni ln tao nn mt lp vang hn hp (gm cac bot khng kh cha nm men va mt
lng nho cht long canh trng) va cht long canh trng ngheo cht dinh dng.
lp trn nng nm men cao hn khoang 4 6 ln so vi nng cht long canh
trng ban u.
ng dung tuyn ni trong san xut nm men cho phep giam lng may phn ly,
giam ang k tiu hao nng lng va bao am tnh lin tuc cua qua trnh cng ngh.
Qua trnh tuyn ni nm men phu thuc vao s tng lng ion kaly trong cht long canh
trng, s a vao cac cht hoat hoa b mt, cung nh vao ham lng lignosunfonat
trong dung dch sunfit. Khi co mt cac axit beo cao phn t trong cht long ban u th
kha nng tuyn ni cua nm men b giam xung ang k.
Ty s gia nng sinh khi trong huyn phu ly ra t may tuyn ni va nng
sinh khi trong mi trng ban u c goi la h s tuyn ni. Gia tr cua h s tuyn
ni phu thuc vao nht cua mi trng va c tng ln khi tng thi gian lng vang.
Trong iu kin san xut, h s tuyn ni thng ly bng 4 6. Tng h s tc lam
giam nng sut cua thit b tuyn ni.
169
B tuyn ni la thit b c nm men co th c phn loai theo phng phap
bao hoa khng kh cua cht long va theo kt cu.
Theo phng phap bao hoa canh trng ban u cua cht long bng khng kh,
cac b tuyn ni c chia ra lam ba nhom. Nhom th nht thuc cac loai thit b ma
cht long cua canh trng trc khi tuyn c bao hoa khng kh s b di ap sut d
gn bng 0,7 MPa trc khi tao thanh cac bot khng kh trong dung dch co ng knh
0,01 0,1 mm va gia cng tip theo ap sut kh quyn hay chn khng khng ln lm.
Nhom th hai thuc cac loai thit b ma s tuyn ni c thc hin bng khng kh
phn tan. Khng kh nap vao cht long nh cac c cu phu, bin thanh bot co ng
knh 1 mm. ng knh bot khng kh ln khng cho phep at c nng sut cao va
lam tn tht nm men trong cht long canh trng. Nhom th ba thuc loai may tuyn
ni chay in. o la nhng thit b co hiu qua nht, v hydro va oxy dang bot nho co
ng knh n 0,05 mm c tach ra trn cac in cc trong may. Nhng phng
phap nay oi hoi nghin cu nhng c cu phu a m bao phong n cua qua trnh,
lam sach bng c hoc cac in cc b nhanh bn...
Theo kt cu, cac b tuyn ni c chia thanh nhng thit b hnh non nm
ngang, xilanh ng, mt mc vi cc trong, hai mc.
lam sach cac dong nc nh tuyn ni bng khng kh phn tan ngi ta s
dung cac thit b c hoc, c - kh nen va tuyn ni bng kh nen.
Chung ta se khao sat kt cu cua mt s dang may tuyn ni. Thit b mt mc
dang xy lanh tuyn ni nm men nh khng kh hoa tan la loai thit b tuyn ni ph
bin va n gian nht.
Thit b tuyn ni mt mc bng kh nen. Thit b tuyn ni la mt b cha dang
xilanh co sc cha 160 m
3
va dung c nm men thu c trn mi trng hydrat
cacbon. Thit b (hnh 8.15) gm vo ngoai 2 vi ay phng va cc trong 1 cung ng
thi la b phn thu gop bot. Khng gian vong xilanh gia vo va b phn thu gop bot
chia ra lam nm l bng cac mang ngn. Khng kh c thi vao cac l qua cac b
thng gio 6 va bot tao thanh b dp tt nh b dp bot c hoc 3. B dn ng 4 lam quay
b dp bot, thai cht long canh trng a c s dung qua ca chn nc 7 cua l IV.
Thit b tuyn ni hoat ng nh sau: cht long canh trng ban u c bao hoa
s b khng kh cho vao l I (chim 2/3 th tch thit b tuyn ni) t thit b nghin
mn nm men. Trong l nay thu c 80% nm men so vi cht long ban u. Sau o
cht long c chuyn vao cac l II-V qua phn di cua l, cac mang ngn cua l
khng tip ay thit b. B thng gio y khng kh b sung vao cac l nay, cho phep
thu c 10,5 va 2% nm men tng ng t cac l trn. Bot c tao ra t tt ca cac l
170
tran vao cc - b phn thu gop bot, tai y b dp bot se dp tt. B dp bot la mt cai
a ng knh 500 mm co cac g hng tm, c phn b trn truc ng quay vi s
vong1460 vong/phut. Nap nhu tng cua cht lam tan bot vao a. Khi phun, nhu tng
se tip xuc tt vi bot. Nm men c c tao thanh va lng xung ay cua cc trong,
dung bm y qua b tach kh n cac may phn ly tip tuc c nm men.























Hnh 8.15. May tuyn ni mt mc bng kh nen:
1- Cc trong; 2- Vo thit b; 3- B dp bot c hoc; 4- Dn ng;
5- Thung cha cht dp bot; 6- B thng gio; 7- Ca chn nc
Cht long canh trng
Phn c c
cht men
Phn c c
cht men
Vao ng thoa t
A-A
D
u
n
g

d

c
h

c
a
n
h

t
r

n
g

6
2
0
0

Cht pha bo t
Khng kh
Dung dch canh trng
a c s dung
Khng kh
Khng kh
4
5
171
Nng sut cua thit b tuyn ni tnh theo huyn phu nm men ban u bng 140
180 m
3
/h; ty trong bot trong vong khng gian -200 250 kg/m
3
; ty trong huyn phu
nm men - 1020 1040 kg/m
3
; nng sut n v 1 m
3
vong khng gian - 2,8 3,2 m
3
/h
(theo huyn phu nm men). Th tch khng kh chim trong huyn phu 55 65%, thi
gian co mt cua mi trng trong thit b - 8 12 ph, chiu cao ct cht long ban u
trong cac l 0,7 0,9 m.
Cac thit b tuyn ni mt mc vi sc cha 100 m
3
co nng sut 105 120 m
3
/h.
Thit b tuyn ni dung c - kh nen. Loai nay c dung lam sach cac dong
nc va cac dung dch cha mt lng ln cac tap cht va cac cht bn trong qua trnh
san xut. So vi cac loai thit b tuyn ni dung c hoc, thit b tuyn ni dung c - kh
nen co kt cu n gian hn, khng kh c phn tan trong thit b nh b thng gio
hnh non, tiu thu nng lng in t hn loai dung c hoc; th tch cua khng kh c
dn vao dung dch lun bin i trong mt gii han ln.
Thit b tuyn ni dung c - khi nen c trnh bay trn hnh 8.16. Cht long cho
vao tinh ch c y vao khng gian gia cac canh cua stato 3 lam quay canh quat 4.
Khng kh vao vung ha a p trn banh quat c khuy trn manh vi cht long. Bot tao
thanh bi cac tiu phn tap cht va khng kh, c thao ra nh dung cu thao bot dang
quay 1 vao mang 2, tai y bot b pha v va c a n cng oan lam trong hay
tuyn ni ln 2. B mt bn trong cua thit b c boc caosu. Nng sut cua thit b t
100 n 200 m
3
/h, thi gian tuyn ni t 3,4 n 1,7 ph.
tng nng sut thit b tuyn ni dung c kh nen va cht lng tuyn, cac
thit b c lp thanh t hp, gm 5 6 may. Bot t cac thit b tuyn ni c a
vao cac b lng nm ngang dp tt. Nng sut cua cac loai thit b trn n 1000
m
3
/h, thi gian tuyn ni khng qua 10 ph, hiu sut lam sach nc khoi nhng phn t
l lng at n 90%.








Hnh 8.16. Thit b tuyn ni dung c - kh nen
Bo t
Nc
trong
Khng kh
Hn hp kh - khng kh
4 3
2
Cht long sach
172
Cac thit b tuyn ni dung kh nen c s dung lam sach nc khoi cac tap
cht hoat hoa b mt (CHHBM) bng khng kh khi phn tan. Thit b tuyn ni dung
nc cha cac cht hoat hoa b mt da trn vic s dung cac tnh cht CHHBM tp
trung trn b mt gii han nc khng kh va trn b mt cua bot khng kh c a
vao nc. Tng ngm kh cua nc lam tng tc qua trnh va lam tp trung CHHBM
trong lp bot. Thit b tuyn ni dung c- kh nen cung ng thi c s dung trong
cac h thng lam sach thm cac dong nc a c lam sach bng phng phap sinh
hoc, loai nhng phn tha cua CHHBM ra khoi chung.
Thit b tuyn ni lam sach thm cac dong nc a c lam sach bng phng
phap sinh hoc c m ta trn hnh 8.17. Tiu hao khng kh 5 m
3
cho 1 m
3
nc a
c lam sach ban u. Thi gian tuyn ni 20 30 ph, cng thi kh 35 40
m
3
/( m
2
h) khi chiu cao cua lp cht long trong phong - 3 m. S dung quat ly tm
tach bot. Quat hoat ng 4 5 ph, con sau o tt 5 6 ph. Trong bot c tach ra cha
500 800 mg/l CHHBM.
Thit b tuyn ni hai phong bng c hoc c trnh bay trn hnh 8.18. Nc
lam sach cho vao bung ngn 1, sau o vao banh quat quay 4 trong stato 3 cua phong
u. Nc sach t phong u c y vao bung ngn tran 2. Mc nc trong phong
c iu chnh nh mang nc. T phong ngn 2, nc c y n banh quat cua
phong th hai, t o nc c lam trong thoat ra.










Thit b tuyn ni bng khng kh phn tan co hiu qua nht khi lam sach cac
dong nc cha nhng phn t l lng dang phn tan th co kha nng tuyn ni tt. Cac
hp cht c hoc cu a nhu tng du mo, m, cht beo nhanh chong mt tnh n nh
thuc cac dong trn.
Nc sach
Khng kh nen
Khng kh
Bo t
N

c

t
r
o
n
g

Khng kh
Hnh 8.17. Thit b tuyn ni
dung kh nen
Hnh 8.18. Thit b tuyn ni
hai phong bng c hoc

173



Chuong 9
THIT BJ NUI CY VI SINH VT
TRN MI TRUONG DINH DUONG RN

Nui cy vi sinh vt trn cac mi trng ti th hat co nhiu u vic hn so vi
nui cy trn cac mi trng dinh dng long. Nh tc tng hp cua cac enzim cao
hn 5 6 ln, ngoai ra canh trng nhn c co m 40 50% (trong canh trng
long 80 95%), cho phep tit kim ang k ngun nng lng sy. Tuy nhin n nay
phng phap nui cy vi sinh vt trn cac mi trng dinh dng rn cha c ng
dung rng rai trong cng nghip do cha co nhng thit b tit trung c c kh hoa
ang tin cy.
Hiu sut va hoat hoa cua cac cht hoat hoa sinh hoc, thi gian qua trnh nui
cy chu yu phu thuc vao nh ng yu t sau: loai vi sinh vt, thanh phn cu t cua mi
trng dinh dng, lng va cht lng cua nguyn liu cy, nhit nui cy, mc
thi kh cua canh trng phat trin, cng ao trn, trao i khi va trao i nhit.
Vic la chon dang thit b va nhng b phu tr am bao tt ca nhng oi hoi
cua cng ngh co y ngha quan trong nht.
9.1. PHN LOAI THIT BJ NUI CY VI SINH VT TRN MI TRUONG
DINH DUONG RN
nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi trng dinh dng rn, ngi ta s dung cac loai
thit b co kt cu sau y: thit b nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi trng rn dang phong
co cac khay t l nm ngang vi kch thc 400800 mm, thit b c c kh hoa co
khay ng t l, thit b c c kh hoa dang 42, cac thit b bng ai tac
ng chu ky va lin tuc, t may nhiu phin tac ng lin tuc vi s ng dung cac may
rung cung nh cac thit b dang trng quay.
Nhc im cua cac thit b nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi trng rn dang phong
co cac khay nm ngang t l la khi lng lao ng cho cac cng oan qua ln, mc
c kh hoa cho cac cng oan cng ngh thp va khng tranh khoi s tip xuc cua
cng nhn vi canh trng cua vi sinh vt.
T cac kt cu k trn, trong cng nghip thng ngi ta ng dung cac thit b

174
c c kh hoa co cac chu c phn b ng, cung nh cac thit b dang trng quay
va hnh thap. Cac thit b dang trng quay va hnh thap co trin vong tt san xut ln.
S tch luy mt lng ln cac ph thai nng nghip nh rm, vo bng, vo hat
hng dng, cui ng, cac ph liu khi gia cng khoai ty, cu cai ng, cy ma... cho
kha nng s dung chung thu nhn protein chn nui, la ngun re tin cho san xut
xenluloza va tinh bt.
Tuy nhin nui cy vi sinh vt vi muc ch tng hp sinh hoc protein khng
th s dung cac phong nui cy bnh thng, cac phong nay c s dung nui cy
nm mc trn mi trng dinh dng r n co chiu cao cua lp mi trng khng ln
hn 3 5 cm. Cac x nghip san xut cht c c cha protein va enzim thuc dang san
xut ln, cho nn i vi nhng nha may nng sut 100 nghn tn trong mt nm oi hoi
210 nghn chu. mc nh th cn phai s dung cac thit b thoa man cac yu cu sau:
chiu cao cua lp mi trng dinh dng khng nho hn 50 cm; kha nng tao ra cac
iu kin tit trung; s bin i sinh hoc cua cac cht dinh dng trong nguyn liu
thanh protein la cc ai.
Cac thit b san xut cac san phm trn co th gian oan hay lin tuc. Cac thit
b tac ng gian oan thng dang hnh trng nm ngang, loai tr qua trnh nui cy
vi sinh vt co th thc hin trch ly cac cht hoat hoa sinh hoc t canh trng nui cy.
9.2. CAC THIT BJ NUI CY VI SINH VT TRN MI TRUONG RN
CO CAC KHAY DT L NM NGANG
Trong cac iu kin san xut nui cy cac ging nm mc trn b mt trong
cac khay, ngi ta s dung cac phong tit trung, s lng cac phong phu thuc vao nng
sut tnh theo canh trng nm mc kh hang ngay. nh hng thng khi nng
sut 1 tn/ngay cn 3 4 phong tit trung. i vi nha may co nng sut 10 tn/ngay s
phong la 30 40.
Phong tit trung la bung kn co kch thc 1000028002100 mm vi hai ca,
mt ca ni vi hanh lang thai liu. Bn trong phong co ba oan ng thng kh nap
khng kh iu hoa t mt hng, con t hng ngc lai- cac ng thai khng kh
trong phong. Din tch cua phong c tnh cho 18 20 gian co khoang 9 10 khay
cho mi bn, quy i ra cam kh la 100 kg. Khoang cach gia cac gian 80 100 mm,
gi a ca c gia n co khoa ng ca ch r ng 1000 1200 mm i la i va ca ch t ng 200
300 mm.
Cac b iu hoa c lp c phn b trn cac phong tit trung nhm y
khng kh co nhit 22 32
0
C, m tng i 96 98% vao phong. Khng kh tun

175
hoan co b sung 10% khng kh sach t b iu hoa chnh, cac hanh lang nap va thao
cua cac phong cn phai cach ly cac phong bn canh. iu o thc hin c nh thng
gio hai chiu khi trao i khng kh nhiu ln (n 8 ln) va nh lam sach khng kh
thai khoi cac bao t.
Vic nui cy ging trong cac phong tit trung a c s dung trong cac giai
oan u cua s phat trin san xut ra cac ch phm enzim. Nhng y tng tao ra cac
thit b dang c kh hoa co cac khay nm ngang khng mang lai kt qua tt v tn nhiu
kim loai va nng sut thp.
9.3. THI T BJ CO CAC KHAY DUOC PHN B DUNG
1hit bj nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi truong dinh duong rn kolovieva. Phong
cua thit b nay la b cha hnh hp bng kim loai c c nh trn cac tru nh h
ging an hi. Np lt c ong kn trn thit b, con di ay lt. Bn trong
phong c khoang 50 mm b tr hp ng tng kep t l, khng kh c y qua cac
hp nay. Cac hc cua ranh ng (c tao ra gia cac hp) la nhng khay cha. Cac
khay co ay mt cao nhm ngn can s vung vai mi trng khi nap. Phong c trang
b cac khp ni na p hi, nc va thai nc ngng. May rung c bt cht vao phong
thao d canh trng nm mc.
Kim tra va ghi nhit c thc hin nh nhit k tip xuc t tai mt trong
nhng ranh nui cy va ni vi b dn ng quat, rle se t ng tt va m quat.
Nhc im cua loai nay la nng sut nho, bin dang cac phong va thai canh
trng nui cy nm mc ra khoi khay la rt kho khn, kn khi thai khng am bao
va tiu hao khng kh thai nhit sinh ly ln.
Phong nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi truong dinh duong rn co cac hp thao
duoc va do tai bng tu dng hoa. Thit b nay la s bin dang cua thit b kolovieva.
Phong nui cy la hm kim loai, trong o c lp cac hp ng co th thao d hm
c. Phong c lp trn khung vi cac banh va co th chuyn dch theo cac ray. c
nh mt v tr xac nh phong c trang b cht nh v. Khay c tao nn do hai
ban khay co khp ni phn trn cua phong.Tay on iu chnh cac tm chn phu phn
di cua cac khay. Thc hin thng gio canh trng qua cac ranh phn b khng kh
trong cac khay.
C cu thao d (hnh 9.1) canh trng nui cy ra khoi khay c phn b trn
phong nui cy va g m nhng b phn co lin quan nhau c nh cac khay 2; c cu
m cac khay c phn b tng xng theo hai hng cua phong; c cu y phong n

176
tm kim loai phng nm ngang 6 c kep cht bng cac thanh ni ng 7 chuyn
ng quay tnh tin. Cac b phn nh v cac khung 2 gm hai truc (co cac cht) sp
xp song song cn i vi truc ngang cua phong. C cu m cua cac khay co hai mm
quay vi cac thanh truyn, thanh rng c kep cht trn cac thanh truyn c phn b
t hai hng cua phong va dung chuyn dch phong.


Hnh 9.1. C cu thao d
t ng canh trng nm mc
trong cac hp ra khoi phong:
1- ng ray; 2- Cht nh
v; 3- Khung; 4- Tru ng;
5- Cht; 6- Tm kim loai
phng; 7- Thanh ni; 8-
ct; 9- Sang; 10- a xch


Tt ca cac c cu trn c lp cht trn sang 9. Sang ta trn khung 3 nh ct
8. ng c in lam chuyn ng thit b. Phong cung vi canh trng nui cy chuyn
di theo ng ray 1 thao d va c nh v mt v tr a nh. Sau o dung tay
on m tm chn cua khay, con tay gat m khay u theo tin trnh thao d.
Khi m ng c in, thanh rng co cht 5 bt u chuyn dch, phn di cua
na khay dch lui ra. Sau o c cu y bt u hoat ng: tm kim loai 6 ha xung
di, y canh trng nui cy ra khoi khay va c nng ln. Khi tm kim loai nng
cao hn khay, sang bt u chuyn dch theo khung 3 nh ct 8 vao v tr trn khung
tip theo. Tru chng 4 cung vi sang chuyn dch va khi tac ng ti cht, a n vung
bin, tai y khay c thao d theo th t.
Khi thit b co 7 phong nui cy co th thu nhn 1200 kg ging nm mc trong
mt ngay. Cac phong nui cy c ch tao bng hp kim nhm, sc cha cua chung
500 kg, kch thc c ban cua phong 160013001020 mm, khi lng 771 kg.
Dy chuyn tu dng hoa d nui cy ging nm mc. Trn c s cac phong nui
cy vi sinh vt trn mi trng rn co cac hp thao d, a thao ra qua trnh lp rap va
vn hanh dy chuyn cng ngh nui cy bng c kh hoa va nhn c nhng ch
ph m enzim tinh khi t co cng su t 50 100 t n/nm, phu thu c va o da ng ch ph m
sa n xut.
9
7
6
3
4
5
10

177
Dy chuyn gm cac cng oan: chun b mi trng dinh dng, nui cy, trch
ly, lng , tach va sy, tiu chun hoa va goi ch phm. Giai oan quan trong nht cua
dy chuyn la chun b mi trng dinh dng va nui cy ging nm mc, gm hai
bng chuyn cng ngh c lp nhau (hnh 9.2).









Hnh 9.2. Cng oan nui cy ging trn b mt:
1- Vong tron quay; 2- C cu y; 3- Thit b san; 4- Ranh nap liu; 5- Ban
nap liu ; 6- B tit trung cac phong nui cy; 7- C cu y; 8- Ra cac
phong;
9- Ban d liu; 10- Phong nui cy; 10- B ra khp cui cung; 12- Bng tai;
13- Phong nui cy mi trng rn; 14- Bulng ghep; 15- ng ray

Trong mi bng chuyn u co b tit trung, ni khuy trn, 9 phong nui cy
trn mi trng rn trong ng hm kn vi h ng ray 15 chuyn dch lin tuc
cac phong t cng oan cng ngh nay n cac oan cng ngh khac.
Vn chuyn cam va ba cu cai vao thung cha bng kh nen, ri cho qua vt tai vao
mt trong nhng ni tit trung. Sau khi nap vao ni tit trung mt lng nc va dung
dch amoni sunfat nht nh ri trn u va tin hanh tit trung mi trng ch t
ng. Sau o mi trng c a vao thit b khuy trn tit trung. Nc lam m
mi trng va huyn phu a c ng hoa vi lng 0,1 0,8% so vi khi lng cua
mi trng dinh dng cho vao thit b khuy trn trn.
Sau khi khuy trn trong vong 3 5 phut, ca np cua may trn t ng m ra va
rot mi trng vao cac hp thao d c trong phong 13 di may trn trn ban nap liu
5 cua giai oan nui. Mi trng vao phong tit trung qua ranh m di ng co dang hnh
non, ranh phn b mi trng vao 28 hp. S m cht cac mi trng trong cac lp xay

178
ra khi phong dao ng, sau o theo ng ray t ng chuyn vao ng hm cua
phong nui cy 10.
Cng oan nui cy c trang b hai phong nui cy 10 song song nhau, co 9 v
tr thi kh, hai b phn nap liu 3 va 4, b phn thao liu 9, nghin ging, ra 8 va tit
trung phong 6. Tt ca cac b phn nay ni nhau bi cac ng ray 15 co vong tron quay
1 va bi cac h thng vn chuyn nm bng tai xch va c cu y bng thuy lc 2. Vic
vn chuyn cac phong t b phn nay sang b phn khac u tin hanh bng t ng.
ng hm cua phong nui cy c chia ra lam ba oan: oan u c phn b
lin tuc cho 6 phong nui vi sinh vt trn mi trng rn s 13, oan th hai cho hai
phong va oan th ba cho mt phong. Cac oan trong phong nui c ong kn bng
cac ca kh ng hoc co cac tm m caosu. Mi oan c trang b hai ng khuch tan
phn b ngc nhau. Cac calorife va cac quat theo h tun hoan khep kn. C khoang 3
h th cho phong nui cy a c nap liu vao ng hm, con phong trc o th t
ng chuyn dch n oan tip theo. Cho nn co 9 phong nui vi sinh vt trn mi
trng rn c a vao ng hm cua phong nui.
cac oan u vao thi ky cua cac pha tin phat, khi xay ra s n y mm bao t
(thi gian t 16 18 h) trong phong phai gi nhit 33 35
0
C. Vao thi ky phat
trin (thi gian 16 h) cng cua dong khng kh c tng ln nhm bao am thai
nhit va thai cac san phm chuyn hoa tao kh khi gi nhit cua mi trng 35
36
0
C. oan th ba nui trong giai oan tch luy enzim, dung h thng gio c tnh
n gi nhit ti u 32 34
0
C. Nhit cua khng kh trong mi oan c iu
chnh t ng theo chng trnh a cho.
Khi kt thuc chu trnh nui, c cu 7 y phong 13 ra khoi ng hm va a n
ban thao d 9. M c cu chuyn dch phong n ban thao d va xay ra s chuyn dch
cua phong n mt khoang cach bng chiu rng cua hp. Khi o tay on cua ay hp
va tay on thao d hp t quay tron, va c cu y se y canh trng nui cy t hp
n b nghin u tin. Sau khi d tai, phong nui cy chuyn ng theo ng ray n
b phn ra, ri vao b tit trung. B tit trung la xylanh nm ngang co hai np m
ngc chiu. Cac np c y kn nh b ep thuy lc.
Sau khi tit trung phong c lam lanh, sy bng khng kh tit trung va t ng
a n ban nap liu, sau o chu trnh cng ngh c lp lai.
Dy chuyn cng ngh t ng hoa lam tng mc cng ngh va ging san xut,
lam giam thai bui va bao t. Tuy nhin no chim din tch ln lp t h vn chuyn
va cac phong nui cy, tn nng lng va kim loai, nng sut thp.
9.4. THIT BJ NUI CY GING BNG PHUONG PHAP TINH - DNG

179
i vi cac iu kin san xut ln th cng sut n v cua thit b cn phai tng
ang k. Ngoai ra cung cn phai tao ra cac thit b c nh nhm am bao kn cua tt
ca cac cng oan cng ngh, giam din tch va khi lng ring.
Phng phap nui cy chung nm mc trn b mt tnh - ng lc hoc la ch
mi trng trang thai bt ng (trang thai tnh), con sau o chu s chuyn ng tun
hoan cng bc, lam ti va chuyn ao (cac iu kin ng lc hoc). Vi phng phap
nay khng th s dung cac khay c v mi trng se b ra ngoai.
Mi trng dinh dng a tit trung c trn vi ging vi sinh vt a vao gian
bng tai u tin cua phong nui cy. Khng kh c pha trn s b vi hi nc bao
hoa hay la khng kh c iu hoa y vao phong. Lng khng kh va hi nc c
tnh toan sao cho trong vung tnh co nhit cua hn hp hi- khng kh 32 35
0
C, con
m tng i- 96 98%.
Thi gian gi mi trng cy trn gian c xac nh trn c s phu thuc vao s
sang trong phong. Khi o thi gian chung cua ging phat trin trong tt ca cac gian cn
bng thi gian chung cua qua trnh nui cy ging (t 24 n 48h). Qua nhng khoang
thi gian nh nhau, san phm c chuyn bng c kh t gian trn xung gian di k
cn. Cac gian trn c s dung cho pha nui cy u tin, cac gian gia cho pha th
hai va cac gian di cho pha th ba. Cho nn mi trng dinh dng a c cy, khi
chuyn t gian nay sang gian khac xay ra tt ca cac giai oan phat trin. Vic nap cac l
mi trng dinh dng mi ln gian trn cung cua phong vi khoang bng thi gian co
mt cua mi trng trn mi gian cua phong. Phng phap nh th cho phep s dung ti
a th tch hu ch cua phong, cho phep tng cng qua trnh va lam d dang iu kin
lao ng. Khi chuyn t gian nay sang gian khac mi trng c lam ti nhm tng
cng cac qua trnh thng gio, thai cac san phm chuyn hoa tao ra kh va nhn c
ging co hoat hoa cao. Cac iu kin trao i nhit cung c tt hn, cho phep giam
tiu hao khng kh thai nhit sinh ly.
Vic nui cy cac ging vi sinh vt bng phng phap tnh - ng co kha nng
ti n hanh trong cac thit b dang bng tai va cac dang khac.
1hit bj nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi truong rn dang -42-. C cu bn
trong thit b tng t nh kt cu may sy dang -42- va co tt ca cac b phn
phu: calorife, quat, xyclon va ng thng kh, cung nh c cu lt cac gian trong
phong va lam kn khu nap mi trng n gian u tin.
Lo sy t ng tac dung lin tuc -42- gm co phong sy, hai calorife, ba
quat va ba xyclon (xem hnh 9.3).

180
Thit b (hnh 9.3) gm phong sy 7, hai calorife 4, ba quat 1 va 12 va 3 xyclon 2.
Phong co khung kim loai 11 c boc bng st la va c bao phu lp cach nhit. Bn
trong phong phn b 20 gian nm ngang c nh, khoang cach gia cac gian theo chiu
cao 120 mm. Mi gian co 16 ban ring bit 8 vi kch thc 12060 mm., cac ban t
ng quay mt goc 90
0
trong khoang thi gian a cho.

























Sa n phm kh
Khng
kh va o
Sa n phm t
Khng
kh va o
Vu ng I
Khng kh tha i
Hnh 9.3. Lo sy da ng ng -42-
Vu ng II Vu ng III

181
Khi o san phm c thao xung cac gian di con cac gian lt c quay v v
tr nm ngang ban u. Nh cac tm ngn bn trong ma phong 7 c chia ra lam ba
phn nhm cho phep s dung hp ly s phn b tac nhn nhit theo cac vung sy. Trong
vung u phn trn cua phong c phn b 6 gian, trong vung th hai phn gia - 8
gian va trong vung th ba vung di- 6 gian. phn sn pha trc cua phong co cac
ca 9 ni vi ng vao t do. Cac ng thng gio t hai quat 12, calorife 4 va ng
ra cua tac nhn nhit ti quat hut 1 (quat hut th ba) va ti ca c xyclon 2 u c gn
phn sn pha sau.
S quay cac ban cua gian c tnh n sao cho toan b thi gian sy la 5 10
phut. San phm t a c nghin cho lin tuc qua thung cha vao thit b nap liu va
c t ng rai u thanh lp nm gian trn cua phn sy.
Bm ly tm 12 hut khng kh qua b loc th 14 va loc tinh 13 ri y vao phong
sy qua calorife 4, tai y khng kh c un nong n 85 90
0
C. T gian cui cung
san phm th c nap vao thung cha 10. Khi i qua cung hng vi vt liu sy trn
cac gian 6, khng kh c hng theo knh chuyn tip gia cac gian lam thay i
hng chuyn ng (ngc chiu) va sau o thai ra ngoai. Nhit khng kh sau khi
qua calorife trong cac vung c kim tra bng nhit k 3. Dung m k 5 o m
cua khng kh vao phong.
Quat 12 y khng kh vao vung pha di cua mang sy vi nhit 60 70
0
C
nhm sy thm san phm n ham m 10 12%.
Quat xa hi 1 hut khng kh thai qua cac xyclon 2 va c thai vao kh quyn, con
cac hat cua vt liu sy c tach ra va theo mc tch luy ma thai ra ngoai theo chu
k. Trc khi thai khng kh vao kh quyn cn phai lam sach trong cac b loc th 14 va
loc tinh 13.
Vi muc ch thch nghi cho may sy dung nui cy chung nm mc, khng
kh c hut theo ng thng gio c t cao hn sng mai thit b khoang 4 5 m,
c loc qua b loc th, loc vi khun va c hoa ln vi hi nc bao hoa trong ng
thng gio at c cac thng s cng ngh quy nh (nhit 32 33
0
C va m
tng i 96 98%). S dung cac b loc vi khun lam sach khng kh thai vi khun .
Vao thi gian tit trung may sy th b loc nay ngng hoat ng. Trong tt ca ba giai
oan, ch vao va ra cua khng kh u t cac nhit k t ghi kim tra nhit va
m cua khng kh va mi trng.
Nap mi trng dinh dng a c tit trung ln gian trn cung cua phong phai
c bt kn. Bng tai vn chuyn phn b mi trng theo gian.

182
Nhit c thit lp vung hai va vung ba 27 29
0
C. Cho nn sau thi gian
chuyn dch cua mi trng a c cy theo tt ca cac gian th s phat trin ging nm
mc va s tch luy cac enzim c kt thuc. Mi trng nui cy nm mc ra khoi gian
di cung ri vao b cha, sau o em nghin va sy. 24 27 kg mi trng tnh quy ra
cam kh nap vao gian di cua phong, va sau mt ngay co th nui n 300 kg canh
trng nm mc.
Trong 1 m
3
phong -42- co th nap 41 kg cam kh ri. Khi lng ring
cua canh trng nm mc t 1 m
3
din tch phong c tng ln t 12 n 61 kg/ngay.
Khi kt thuc nui cy phai ra phong thit b bng nc nong va tit trung bng
khng kh c un nong n 120 130
0
C.
1hit bj nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi truong dinh duong rn kiu bng dai.
Thit b dang KCK (hnh 9.4) la tu kim loai, bn trong co 4 5 nhanh bng tai vn
chuyn dang li, c ch tao bng thep khng g vi cac mt li 21,5 mm va c
cng ra trn hai tang quay. Kch thc cua cac bng vn chuyn phu thuc vao dang
may sy. Mi bng tai hoc la co hp tc ring hoc la dung chung mt hp tc .
Hp tc thay i tc cua bng tai t 0,14 n 1,0 m/ph.
Trn cac bng tai vn chuyn co cac thanh nhm phn b ng u lp mi trng
dinh dng co chiu cao t 30 n 100 mm. lam ti mi trng, pha trn bng tai
lp t cac truc co cac canh hnh kim, c quay cung hng vi bng tai. Vic lam ti
c tin hanh khi chuyn tai mi trng t bng tai trn xung bng tai di. Di cac
nhanh khng tai cua bng tai vn chuyn t cac b lam sach. Cac truc cua b lam sach
co cac canh nh cht cac thanh caosu, quay ngc hng chuyn ng cua bng tai.
Trong khng gian gia cac nhanh cua bng tai lp t cac calorife hi nc.
i vi mi bc tng calorife cua cac vung nui cy th nht va th hai u co cac
thung c bit chun b nc nong va co dung cu iu chnh va ki m tra nhit .
Nhit nc a vao calorife di cac nhanh mt va hai cua bng tai 35 40
0
C, di
cac nhanh ba va bn 26 30
0
C. Cac calorife cua cac nhanh bng tai 5 co th c un
nong bng nc nong thai ra t cac nhanh trn. Cac calorife u co khp ni cung
cp hi nc cn thit cho vic un nong khi ra, sy va tit trung. Co ba vung c tao
ra trong phong nui cy: vung trn co nhit mi trng 32 35
0
C, vung gia co
nhit 30
0
C, vung nay xay ra thai nhit sinh ly va vung di co nhit 28
0
C.
Thit b cn kn hoan toan va c lp trong phong cach ly. Trn thit b lp ng
hut gio co chiu cao 5 10 m cung cp va thai khng kh. Trn ng cp va hut cn
lp t cac b loc lam sach khng kh khoi vi khun.

183
Dung bng chuyn nghing ong kn hoc la dung ng t chay t ni tit trung t
trn thit b chuyn mi trng dinh dng a c tit trung n bng tai trn cung.
Lng khng kh cn n 1000 m
3
cho 1 tn canh trng nm mc. Sau khi nap mi
trng dinh dng a c cy ging vao nhanh trn cua bng tai vn chuyn, tt b
dn ng bng tai va mi trng c gi trong thi gian 9 h. Sau o no c vn
chuyn n nhanh tip theo cua bng tai, ng thi vi vic lam ti khi mi trng va
cung c gi lai trong 9 h. Vao thi gian nay l mi trng mi c vao nhanh
trn. Cho nn c qua 9 h mi trng c chuyn xung nhanh di va qua 36 h thao
canh trng nm mc dang thanh phm.











Hnh 9.4. Thit b nui cy vi sinh vt trn mi trng
dinh dng rn kiu bng ai:
1- Quat; 2- B loc da ng peca; 3- Loc vi khun; 4- May iu hoa; 5- Phong
nui cy; 6- Bng li; 7- B lam ti; 8- Calorife; 9- Khng kh; 10- Thit
b tit trung; 11- ng chay; 12- Bng chuyn

Khi kt thuc chu trnh nui cy, ra t hp nui cy bng nc nong va tit trung
bng khng kh nong nhit 120 130
0
C trong vong 2 3 h, sau o lp lai chu trnh
cng ngh.
Co th nap liu 600 700 kg mi trng dinh dng (270 300 kg tnh chuyn
i ra cam ti dang kh) vi chiu cao cua lp mi trng 50 mm trn mt nhanh bng
tai cua may sy.

184
9.5. THIT BJ NUI CY VI SINH VT TRN MI TRUONG RN
DANG RUNG
Cac thit b c s dung trong cng nghip u c da trn phng phap ng
lc hoc nui cy canh trng nm mc trong lp rung ng lin tuc. Ban cht cua
phng phap la ch: trong qua trnh nui cy mi trng dinh dng trong b phn
vn chuyn co nhng tnh cht c trng (tr nn linh ng hn, h s ma sat giam va
sc can giam xung). Xung lng dao ng se truyn cho lp mi trng ang vn
chuyn va mi trng chuyn sang trang thai l lng.
Ch vn chuyn bng phng phap rung c c trng bi s i mi lin tuc
lp b mt :mi tr ng tip xuc vi b mt cua b phn tai vt, sau o ri khoi b mt,
qua mt khoang thi gian no lai ri xung, cui cung b chuyn dch manh. Mi mt
tiu phn cua mi trng b chuyn ng lin tuc trong vong 36 h, khi o nhng tiu
phn ring re nho nht c thi manh lam cho b mt hoat hoa cua mi trng tng ln
hang ngan ln so vi phng phap nui cy tnh trong khay.
Nhit sinh ly do vi sinh vt tach ra trong qua trinh phat trin lga c thoat ra
ngoai, do o tiu hao khng kh iu hoa giam xung t 20.000 n 500 m
3
cho mt tn
canh trng.
ng dung phng phap rung cho phep tng cng cac qua trnh trao i nhit,
trao khi va tng hp vi sinh, cho phep c kh hoa tt ca cac cng oan, cho phep
tng hoat hoa cua ging va t chc qua trnh co kt qua cao.
Thit b rung co th dang ng hay nm ngang.
Thit b rung dang vt tac ng lin tuc co nng sut 3,5 tn/ngay (hnh 9.5) gm
ni tit trung dang rung va bn bng tai rung c phu kn dang mang 7. Ba bng tai
u tng ng vi cac vung phat trin th nht, th hai va th ba la phn nui cy trong
thit b, con bng tai th t dung sy canh trng. Mi bng tai rung c trang b b
dn ng c lp vi may rung bt cn i.
Mi trng a c sy t ni tit trung rung 3 vao mang nhn 6 cua bng tai rung
th nht va di anh hng cua xung lng rung truyn cho mang, c chuyn di t
di ln trn. T mang trn cua bng tai rung u tin, mi trng theo mang vao ng
nhn di cua bng tai rung. Bng tai rung th hai v kt cu khac vi bng tai rung
th nht ch ch: cac mang cua no c trang b ao nc dn hi thoat ra vao thi
ky phat trin lga cua vi sinh vt. Khng kh iu hoa c y vao bng tai rung th
hai dn cac san ph m tao ra trong qua trnh hoat ng sng cua vi sinh vt. T mang
trn cua bng tai rung th hai, mi trng theo ng vao mang nhn di cua bng tai
rung th ba, c cu cua bng tai rung th ba tng t nh bng tai rung ban u.