Hoa huu co

Cio vin: Bi Xun Dng

GLUCOZO

I/ CACBOHIDRAT
* Khai nim: La nhung hop cht huu co tap chuc, da s chung co cng thuc chung
la C
n
(H
2
O)
m
.
- Monosaccarit: glucozo; Iructozo
- Disaccarit: saccarozo, mantozo
- Polisaccarit: tinh bt, xenlulozo
II/ TINH CHT VAT LI V TTTN CUA GLUCOZO:
1. Trng thi thin nhin
- Co trong thuc vt, mt ong
- Trong mau nguoi
Glucozo la hop cht co nhiu trong cac loai thuc
vt dc bit la qua chin. Trong mau nguoi glucozo
chim 0,1


2. Tnh cht vt l
- La cht rn khng mau, nong chay o nhit 146
0
C
- Tan nhiu trong nuoc, co vi ngot mat


III/ CU TAO PHAN TU
CTPT: C
6
H
12
O
6
.
CTCT: CH
2
(OH)-|CH(OH)|
4
-CHO
hoc

- Glucozo la hop cht tap chuc
- Glucozo chu yu tn tai o 2 dang mach vong: gluco:ova gluco:o - .
D xc d|nh cu to cua glucozo, ngui ta cn c vo cc d kin th
nghim:
O Glucozo co phan ung trang guong va bi oxy hoa boi dung dich Brom tao
thanh axit Gluconic Glucozo co nhom CHO.
O Glucozo tac dung voi Cu(OH)
2
cho dung dich mau xanh lam Glucozo co
nhiu nhom OH o vi tri k nhau.
O Glucozo tao este chua 5 gc axit (CH
3
COO - ) Glucozo co 5 nhom OH.
O Khu hoan toan Glucozo thu duoc Hexan 6 nguyn tu C trong Glucozo tao
thanh mach thng.
III/ TINH CHT HA HC:
1. Tnh cht cua ancol da chc:
a) Tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
:
- Tao dung dich xanh lam trong sut
Hoa huu co
Cio vin: Bi Xun Dng
- Phuong trinh phan ung:
2 ( ) ( ) 2
6 12 6 2 6 11 6 2 2
u u F

-) Tc dng vi axit to este
2. Tnh cht cua andehit:
a) Phan ng trng guong:
0
| | 2 3 2 | | OO 2 2
2 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 3
9
gN N N g N N G PF

-) Tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
/NaOH:
2 2 2
0
| | 2 ( ) | | OO 3
2 4 2 4

9
u Na Na u G PF


- Phan ung voi Cu(OH)
2
/NaOH va AgNO
3
/NH
3
duoc dung d nhn bit glucozo
c) Khu glucozo -ng hidro to thnh ruu da chc:
2 2
| | | |
2 4 2 4
o

9
PF

(Sobitol)
. Phan ng ln men:
PTPU:
6 12 6 2 5 2
2 2
03:im
PPPF
IV/ UNG DJNG V DIEU CHE:
1. Diu ch:
Glucozo la san phm cua qua trinh thuy phn tinh bt, xenlulozo.
6 10 5 2 6 12 6
( )

3
3

PPF
2. Ung dng:
O Lam thuc n, thuc chua bnh
O La nguyn liu d trang guong, trang rut phich
V/ FRUCTOZO - DONG PHAN CU TAO CUA GLUCOZO:
1. Cu to:
CTPT: C
6
H
12
O
6

CTCT: CH
2
OH-|CHOH|
3
-COCH
2
OH
Hoc
2. Tnh cht vt l:
Cht kt tinh, khng mau, d tan trong nuoc, co vi ngot.
. Tnh cht ho hc:
O ructozo co tinh cht cua ruou da chuc va cua xeton.
O rcoo
0H
-
-- coo