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AMIN

I/ KHI NIM, PHN LOI V DANH PHP
1. Khi nim:
Khi thay th 1 hay nhiu nguyn t H ca NH
3
bng 1 hay nhiu gc Hidrocacbon
th ta c hp cht amin.
* Bc amin:

Amin bc 1
Amin bc 2
Amin bc 3
2. CTTQ ca amin no, n chc:
C
n
H
2n+1
NH
2
(n1) hay C
n
H
2n+3
N (n1)
3. Phn loi:
* Theo gc H.C:
Amin thm
Amin bo

* Theo bc amin:
Amin bc 1
Amin bc 2
Amin bc 3
4. Danh php:
a) Tn gc chc: Tn gc Hidrocacbon + amin
- Nu c nhiu gc Hidrocacbon khc nhau th gi theo th t a, b, c.
b) Tn thay th:
- Chn mch C di nht lm mch chnh.
- nh s v tr C sao gn nhm amin nht.
- Gi tn: Tn Hidrocacbon + v tr nhm amin + amin
* Nu amin bc 2,3 th
- Chn gc Hidrocacbon ln nht lm mch chnh
- Gi tn cc gc Hidrocacbon khc theo tn gc Hidrocacbon v c thm tin t N
hay N,N
V d:



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II/ TNH CHT VT L
- Cc amin mch h: Nhng cht n gin nht (CH
3
NH
2
, C
2
H
5
NH
2
) l nhng cht
kh, tan nhiu trong nc, c mi c trng ging NH
3
.
Khi khi lng phn t tng dn, cc amin chuyn dn sang lng v rn, tan trong
nc cng gim dn.
- Cc amin thm: l nhng cht lng hoc cht tinh th, c nhit si cao, mi c
trng, t tan trong nc.
- Cc amin u c
III/ CU TO PHN T
Nguyn t N ca amin vn cn c cp electron t do nn amin c kh nng nhng
cp e => amin c tnh baz.
Ngoi ra, amin c tnh cht ca gc Hidrocacbon.
V d:
- M hnh phn t Amoniac
- M hnh phn t Metylamin
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- M hnh phn t Anilin



IV/ TNH CHT HA HC
1. Tnh baz
- Tc dng vi HCl:
| |
3 2 3 3
3 2 3 2
.
( )
CH NH HCl CH NH Cl
CH NH HCl CH NH HCl
Metylamoni clorua
+


* Xt mnh yu ca tnh bazo:
- Amoniac < Amin no bc 1 < Amin no bc 2
- Amin thm < Amoniac < Amin no.
V d: Tnh baz ca cc cht sau tng dn theo th t
NH
3
< CH
3
NH
2
< (CH
3
)
2
NH
C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
< CH
3
NH
2


2. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin: Phn ng vi nc brom

* Phn ng dng nhn bit anilin.
V/ IU CH
1) Phng php chung:

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2) iu ch anilin:

VI/ BI TP
* BT 1: CTTQ ca amin no, n chc l:
A, C
n
H
2n+1
NH
2
. B, C
n
H
2n
NH
2
. C, C
n
H
2n-1
NH
2
. D, C
n
H
2n+3
NH
2
.
* BT 2: iu khng nh no sau y lun ng:
A, PTK ca amin n chc l s l.
B, PTK ca amin n chc l s chn.
C, t chy a(mol) amin bt k lun thu c ti thiu a/2 (mol) N
2
(H=100%)
D, A v C u ng.
* BT 3: C cc cht: NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
3
H
7
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
. Dy cc cht c sp xp theo
chiu tnh baz gim dn l:
A. C
3
H
7
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, CH
3
NH
2
, NH
3
. B. C
3
H
7
NH
2
, CH
3
NH
2
, NH
3
,C
6
H
5
NH
2
.
C. C
6
H
5
NH
2
, C
3
H
7
NH
2
,CH
3
NH
2
, NH
3
. D. NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
3
H
7
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
.
* BT 4: Hp cht Y l mt amin n chc cha 19,718% N theo khi lng. Y c cng
thc phn t l
A. C
4
H
5
N. B. C
4
H
7
N. C. C
4
H
9
N. D. C
4
H
11
N.
* BT 5: trung ho ht 3,1 gam mt amin n chc cn dng 100ml dd HCl 1M. Amin
l:
A. CH
5
N B. C
2
H
7
N C. C
3
H
3
N D. C
3
H
9
N

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