PHNG PHP DNG HO CHT PHN BIT CC CHT HU C V V C I) NHN BIT CC KH HU C : Cht cn nhn Metan (CH4 ) Etilen (C2H4

4 ) Axetilen (C2H2 ) Loi thuc th Kh Clo D.D Brom Dd Br2 , sau dd AgNO3 / NH3 Hin tng Mt mu vng lc ca kh Clo Mt mu da cam ca d.d Br2 -Mt mu vng lc nc Br2. - C kt ta mu vng Phng trnh ho hc CH4 + Cl2 --- > CH3Cl + HCl ( vng lc) ( khng mu) C2H4 + Br2 d.d --- > C2H4Br2 Da cam khng mu C2H2 + Br2 -- > Ag C = C Ag + H2O ( vng )

II) NHN BIT CC CHT HU C : Cht cn nhn Benzen (C6H6 ) Ru Etylic (C2H5OH ) Axit Axetic ( CH3COOH ) Glucoz (C6H12O6) Saccaroz (C12H22O11) Tinh bt ( C6H10O5) Etyl Axetat ( Este) Loi thuc th - Nc l - Kim loi Na - t chy. - Kim loi Na. - Na2CO3 - Kim loi Zn - d.d AgNO3 - H2SO4 ri vo AgNO3 I t ( dd mu nu) - dd NaOH long mu hng ( c ha Phenol) Hin tng - Khng tan. - Khng c hin tng. - Chy khng khi ( xanh m) - Na tan, c H2 sinh ra. - C kh CO2 thot ra. - C kh H2 thot ra. - C Ag ( trng gng ) - C Ag ( trng gng ) - C mu xanh xut hin. Mt mu hng Phng trnh ho hc

2C2H5OH +2 Na -- > 2C2H5ONa + H2 CH3COOH+Na2CO3 -- >CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 CH3COOH+Zn -- > (CH3COO)2Zn +H2 C6H12O6 + Ag2O NH3-- > C6H12O7 + Ag

III)
Cht cn nhn Axit H2SO4 long H2SO4 (, n) HNO3 ( ) Baz kim Baz kim

PHN BIT V NHN BIT CC CHT LNG : Loi thuc th Qu tm BaCl2 ; Ba(OH)2 Cu Fe hay Mg Qu tm Nhm Hin tng Chuyn thnh mu C kt ta trng C kh SO2 C kh mu nu NO2 Thnh mu xanh Tan ra, c kh H2 Al + NaOH + H2O -- > NaAlO2 + H2 H2SO4 + BaCl2 -- > BaSO4 + 2 HCl 2H2SO4,n + Cu -- > CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 6 HNO3 ( ) + Fe -- > Fe(NO3)3 +3 H2O + 3NO2 Phng trnh ho hc

Ca(OH)2 H2O Mui : Cl Mui : CO3 Mui : SO3 Mui : PO4 Mui : SO4 Mui : NO3 Mui St ( III

CO2 hoc SO2 Kim loi Na, K AgNO3 HCl hoc H2SO4 HCl hoc H2SO4 AgNO3 BaCl2 ; Ba(OH)2 H2SO4c + Cu NaOH d.d

C kt ta trng C kh H2 C kt ta AgCl Tan ra, c kh CO2 Tan ra, c kh SO2 C Ag3PO4 vng C kt ta trng C dd xanh + NO2 nu C Fe(OH)3 nu

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -- > CaCO3 + H2O 2 H2O + 2 Na --- > 2 NaOH + H2

AgNO3 + KCl -- > AgCl + KNO3 2HCl + CaCO3 -- > CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 H2SO4 + Na2SO3 -- > Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 3AgNO3 + Na3PO4 -- > Ag3PO4 + 3 NaNO3 BaCl2 + Na2SO4 -- > 2NaCl + BaSO4 H2SO4 + Cu + NaNO3 -- > Cu(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 + NO2 + H2O 3 NaOH + FeCl3 -- > 3NaCl + Fe(OH)3

Mui St ( II ) NaOH d.d Mui ng Mui Nhm Mui Can xi Mui Ch NaOH d Na2CO3 d.d Na2S d.d

Fe(OH)2 trng sau b 2NaOH + FeCl2 -- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 ho nu ngoi k. kh 4 Fe(OH)2 + 2 H2O + O2 -- > 4 Fe(OH)3 D. dch c mu xanh. Al(OH)3 ; sau tan ra . C CaCO3 PbS mu en 3 NaOH + AlCl3 -- > 3 NaCl + Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + NaOH -- > NaAlO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + CaCl2 -- > 2NaCl + CaCO3 Na2S + PbCl2 -- > 2 NaCl + PbS

IV) NHN BIT CC CHT KH : Cht cn nhn NH3 NO2 NO H2S O2 CO2 CO SO2 SO3 Cl2 HCl Loi thuc th Qu tm t - Mu cht kh - Giy qi tm m Dng khng kh hoc Oxi trn Cu(NO3)2 Tn m Nc vi trong Ca(OH)2 hoc tn m t chy, cho sn phm qua nc vi trong Nc vi trong Ca(OH)2 Qi tm m D.D BaCl Qu tm m Qu tm m Hin tng i thnh mu Xanh Mi khai Mu nu Qu tm chuyn thnh T khng mu, ho thnh nu CuS mu en Kh c mi trng thi Bng chy sng Nc vi trong b c - Tn m tt i Sn phm lm nc vi trong b c Nc vi trong b c Qu tm ho Nc vi trong b c Qu tm mt mu Qu tm ha thnh Phng trnh ho hc

3 NO2 +H2O -- > 2 HNO3 + NO 2 NO + O2 --- > 2 NO2 H2S + CuCl2 -- > CuS + HCl

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 --- > CaCO3 + H2O 2CO + O2 ---- > 2CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 --- > CaCO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 --- > CaSO3 + H2O SO3 + Ca(OH)2 -- > CaSO4 + H2O

H2

t: c ting n nh

Khng kh Tn m cn

Sn phm khng c nc vi trong Tn m vn bnh thng

V) NHN BIT CC KIM LOI : Cht cn nhn Na ; K Ca Al Zn Mg -- > Pb Cu Ag Loi thuc th Nc (H2O) Nc (H2O) Dd Kim : NaOH Hoc: HNO3 c Dd Kim : NaOH Hoc: HNO3 c Axit HCl d.d AgNO3 Hin tng Tan v c kh H2 Tan v c kh H2. Dd lm nc vi trong c. - Tan ra v c kh H2 - Khng tan trong HNO3 c - Tan ra v c kh H2 - Tan, c NO2 nu - C H2 sinh ra. Phng trnh ho hc 4K + O2 --- > 2 K2O

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O --- > 2 NaAlO2 +3H2

- Tan ra; c cht rn trng xm bm ngai; dd mu xanh. - HNO3 - Tan, c kh mu nu NO2 -Ri vo d.d NaCl - C kt ta trng

VI) NHN BIT CC PHI KIM : Cht cn nhn I2 (Rn -tm) S (Rn - vng) P ( Rn - ) C (Rn - en ) Loi thuc th H tinh bt t trong O2 hoc khng kh - t chy ri cho SP vo nc, th qu tm t chy cho SP vo nc vi trong Hin tng C mu xanh xut hin. C kh SO2 trng, mi hc Sn phm lm qu tm ha - Nc vi trong b c Phng trnh ho hc