Chuong6 Mo Hinh UseCase Nkhanh

Chng 6
M HNH HA CHC NNG

M u nh ngha Use case Xy dng m hnh use case
Lp k hoch h thng Khi to d n Qun l d n
S D L C
Giai on phn tch Thu Thp yu cu M hnh ha chc nng M hnh ha cu trc M hnh ha hnh vi Giai on thit k Thit k lp v phng thc Thit k giao din ngi dng Giai on bo tr Giai on thit k
2
M u
Chng ta s s dng sn phm (hay h thng) sp bt ta b ra mt khon tin ng k ra sao?
Chn ra sn phm tho mn nhng i hi ca mnh.
Ngi dng mun s dng h thng tng lai, h thng m bn sp thit k v xy dng, nh th no?
Aug - 2011
504002 M hnh Use Case
ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh
Use case - nh ngha

Use case (UC)
Mi use case th hin mt tnh hung s dng h thng khc nhau ca ngi dng L cng c tr gip cho nh phn tch v ngi s dng c th quyt nh tnh nng ca h thng.
Mt tp hp cc UC s cho bit nhng ngi dng s lm g vi h thng ny.
Aug - 2011
Use case V d
Xt mt v d h thng ca nh bng l. Nhng ngi s dng h thng ny trong tng lai:
Qun tr gia:
s dng h thng cho mc ch thng k
Nhn vin tip khch:

s dng h thng thc hin cc dch v phc v khch hng.
Aug - 2011
Use case V d (tt)

Nhn vin phng u t:
S dng h thng thc hin cc giao dch lin quan n u t.
Nhn vin thm tra ch k:

S dng h thng cho mc ch xc nhn ch k v bo tr thng tin lin quan n khch hng.
Khch hng giao tip vi h thng (nh bng)

S dng h thng thc hin cc hot ng s dng dch v nh m ti khon, gi tin vo, rt tin mt,
Aug - 2011
Use case V d (tt)

Trong v d ny, mt s UC d thy nht l:
Mt KH m mt ti khon mi. Phng u t tnh tin li cho cc khon u t. Mt chng trnh u t mi c a vo p dng. Yu cu chuyn tin ca KH c thc hin. Chuyn tin theo k hn t mt TK u t sang TK tit kim.
Aug - 2011
M hnh ha Use case

Mc tiu chnh i vi cc Use Case l:
Hnh thnh quyt nh v m t yu cu chc nng h thng.
L kt qu ca tha thun gia khch hng v ngi pht trin.
Cho php m t r rng v nht qun ci h thng s lm.

M hnh s c s dng xuyn sut trong qu trnh pht trin.
L c s thc hin th nghim h thng

m bo h thng tha mn yu cu ca NSD.
n gin ha vic thay i v m rng h thng.

Aug - 2011
M hnh use case - nh ngha

M hnh UC
c dng phn tch h thng Tp hp cc use case v cc actor cng vi mi quan h gia chng. Dng m t yu cu h thng.
Aug - 2011
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng

Qu trnh xy dng m hnh use case gm cc bc sau:
Tm Actor Tm Use case Xy dng s Use case Phn chia cc biu use case thnh cc package
Aug - 2011
10
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Tc nhn l g?

Tc nhn:
L mt i tng bn ngoi h thng giao tip vi h thng theo 1 trong cc hnh thc sau:
Tng tc, trao i thng tin Cung cp u vo hoc nhn thng tin u ra
K hiu:
Khach hang
Tn: danh t
Aug - 2011
11

Cc tc nhn c th l:
Ngi dng ca h thng (Users of the system) Nhng h thng khc tng tc vi h thng ang xt (Other systems that will interact with the system being built) Thi gian (Time).
Aug - 2011
12

Phn loi tc nhn:
Tc nhn chnh (primary actor):
Ai ang s dng h thng? Ai cung cp thng in cho h thng? H thng cung cp thng tin cho ai?
Tc nhn h tr (secondary actor):

L nhng ngi lm cng vic qun l, bo dng h thng.
Nhng phn cng hoc h thng bn ngoi?
Aug - 2011
13
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn

Tr li cc cu hi sau tm tc nhn:
Ai s sd nhng chc nng chnh ca HT (tc nhn chnh) Ai s cn s h tr ca HT thc hin cc tc v hng ngy ca h? Ai bo tr, qun tr v m bo cho HT hot ng tt? (tc nhn ph) HT cn tng tc vi cc HT no? HT qun l thit b phn cng no?
Aug - 2011
14
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn (tt)

V d: trong h thng th vin
X l mn sch Th th
Mn sch c gi
Tra cu sch c gi
Aug - 2011
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M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Quan h gia cc tc nhn

Tng qut ho v chuyn bit ho
Khach hang
Nhan vien
Khach quen
Nhan vien ban hang
Thu kho
Aug - 2011
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M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Quan h gia cc tc nhn

Abstract actor
L actor m khng c 1 th hin (instance) no
Nhan vien
NV thoi vu
Aug - 2011
NV Chinh thuc
NV thu viec
17
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC

Use case:
c xem nh 1 chc nng ca h thng theo quan im ca ngi dng. Mi chc nng s c biu din bi 1 hay nhiu use case. Biu din:
Dat hang
Tn: ng t + danh t
Aug - 2011
18
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC (tt)

Khng ph thuc vo vic thc thi h thng (implementation-independent):
tp trung vo: s lm ci g (what) khng quan tm: phi lm nh th no (how)
L cch xem h thng mc cao (high-level view of the system)

d xem ch nn c t 20 -70 usecases
Aug - 2011
19
M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC (tt)

Mi use case:
nn biu din mt giao dch ( transaction) hon chnh gia user v h thng nn t tn theo thut ng ca user khng nn dng t ng k thut
Aug - 2011
20
M hnh UC Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC (tt)

Xc nh UC thng qua tc nhn:
Tm cc nhim v v chc nng. C th tr li nhng cu hi sau xc nh UC:
Tc nhn yu cu HT thc hin chc nng no? Tc nhn cn c, to lp, bi b, lu tr, sa i cc thng tin no trong HT? C cn thng bo cho tc nhn v s kin xy ra trong HT? C cn tc nhn thng bo ci g cho HT? HT cn vo/ ra no? Vo/ra i n u v t u?
Aug - 2011
21

Xc nh use case thng qua tc nhn (tt)
V d: h thng ATM
Gi tin Rt tin Khch hng Truy vn thng tin ti khon Khi ng h thng Nhn vin ng h thng vn hnh
Aug - 2011
22

Xc nh use case thng qua tc nhn (tt)
V d: h thng th vin
X l mn sch X l tr sch ng k thnh vin Mua sch Tra cu sch
Aug - 2011
Th th
Nh cung cp
c gi
23

V d: h thng th vin
Nhn xt v v li theo cch thit k mi ca bn
Aug - 2011
24
M hnh UC Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC Quan h gia cc UC

Cc loi quan h gia cc UC:
Quan h lin kt:
extend include
Quan h tng qut ha
Aug - 2011
25
M hnh UC Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC Quan h gia cc UC (tt)

Include:
Lin kt 2 Use-case, stereotype l <<include>> UC ngun c im m rng cn chn UC ch Ti im m rng, UC ngun tm thi ngng li chuyn sang UC ch. Khi kt thc UC ch, UC ngun li tip tc.
<<include>>
Tm kim
ng nhp
Aug - 2011
26

Extend:
Lin kt 2 UC, stereotype l <<extend>> UC ngun c im m rng m ti c th (hoc khng) chn UC ch. Nu c s m rng:
UC ngun tm thi ngng li chuyn sang UC ch Khi kt thc UC ch, UC ngun li tip tc
Tm kim
<<Extend>> ng k t ch
(nu tm thy)
Aug - 2011
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<<extend>> <<include>>
Dang nhap
<<include>> <<extend>>
Giai quyet tai khoan khong hop le
Muon sach
<<extend>> <<extend>>
Muon sach tu Thu vien thanh vien

Aug - 2011
Tu choi cho muon

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Quan h tng qut ha:
Khi c nhiu UC l trng hp c th mt UC tru tng. V d: Use-case login ca sinh vin , gio vin l cc trng hp c th ca Use-case tru tng LOGIN.
Aug - 2011
29

Abstract use case
L mt UC khng c bt u trc tip bi 1 actor. L UC ch tham gia vo lc ch vi cc quan h includes hay extends. c dng cung cp 1 s chc nng ph dng cho cc UC khc.
<<include>>
Kiem tra tai khoan
Thanh toan
Aug - 2011
30
M hnh UC Cc bc xy dng - Xy dng biu UC Mqh gia UC v Actor

Quan h lin kt gia Actor v Use-case
L quan h duy nht gia actor & Use-case C th l 2 chiu hay 1 chiu
Quan h giao tip

L qh lin kt ph bin gia Actor & Use-case Stereotype l <<communicate>>
1
Ngi bn hng
*
t hng
<<communicate>>
ng k dy
Ging vin
Aug - 2011
31
M hnh UC Cc bc xy dng - Xy dng biu UC - Tinh ch v nng cp

B sung cc use case m t chc nng c trng phn mm:
Cc use case qun tr h thng:
Qun tr ngi dng Qun tr thng s h thng
Cc use case qun tr d liu

Qun tr danh mc d liu Qun tr an ton (backup/restore)
Aug - 2011
32
M hnh UC Cc bc xy dng - Xy dng biu UC - Tinh ch&nng cp (tt)

B sung cc use case m t chc nng c trng phn mm: V d:
ng nhp
X l mn sch X l tr sch ng k thnh vin Mua sch Tra cu sch c gi ng xut Th th Qun tr ngi dng Qun tr h thng
Qun tr nh cung cp
Aug - 2011
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Gi tin Rt tin Khch hng
Khi ng h thng ng HT Nhn vin vn hnh
Truy vn thng tin TK
Aug - 2011
34

Tinh ch use case
tch nhng dng x l c bit use case <<extend>>
Muon sach
<<extend>> <<extend>>
Muon sach tu Thu vien thanh vien
Tu choi cho muon
Aug - 2011
35

Tinh ch use case
Tng qut ho cc use case c dng x l chung use case tng qut
Giao dich
Gui tien
Rut tien
Truy van tai khoan

Aug - 2011
36

Tinh ch use case
Pht trin cc lin kt <<include>>:
<<include>>
Khach hang
Giao dich
Dang nhap
Aug - 2011
37

S use case ca h thng ATM
In bien nhan
<<extend>> <<include>> <<extend>>
Khach hang
Giao dich
Dang nhap
Giai quyet PIN khong hop le

Dong HT
Gui tien
Rut tien
Truy van tai khoan

Nhan vien
Khoi dong HT
Aug - 2011
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Xy dng m hnh use case - c t use case

M t tm tt: gm tn, mc ch, tm lc, tc nhn, ngy, phin bn, ngi lp Dng s kin chnh: cc s kin v hot ng xy ra bnh thng ca use case Dng s kin ph: cc s kin v nhng hot ng bt thng ca use case ngoi nhng hot ng chnh Tin iu kin (pre-condition): m t trng thi ca h thng phi t c use case c th bt u Hu iu kin (post-condition): lit k cc trng thi c th ca h thng ti cui use case. H thng phi thuc mt trong nhng trng thi khi use case kt thc
Aug - 2011
39
Xy dng m hnh use case - c t use case (tt)

V d: m t use case Giao dch
M t tm tt: - Tn UC: Giao dch - Mc ch: HT s cho php KH thc hin cc giao dch. - Tm lc: UC bt u khi c KH a th vo my ATM. - Tc nhn: Khch hng (chnh) - Ngy lp: Ngy cp nht: - Phin bn: Chu trch nhim:
Aug - 2011
40

V d: m t use case Giao dch (tt)
Dng s kin chnh: 2. Xc nhn th v kim tra ng nhp ca KH (thc hin bi UC ng nhp) 3. Hin th giao din menu yu cu KH chn dch v thc hin 4. KH chn dch v thc hin 5. Thi hnh dch v tng ng khi KH chn (rt tin, gi tin, xem thng tin ti khon: c m t trong tng UC tng ng) 6. ng giao din thc n v thng bo KH rt th 7. KH rt th v HT tr v trng thi sn sng
Aug - 2011
41

V d: m t use case Giao dch (tt)
Dng s kin ph: 1. X l th khng hp l v ng nhp khng thnh cng. Tin iu kin: 1. ATM phi thng kt ni vi mng ngn hng 2. ATM phi c giy in ho n Hu iu kin: 1. ATM phi trng thi sn sng cho mt KH mi.
Aug - 2011
42

V d: m t use case Rt tin
M t tm tt: - Tn UC: Rt tin - Mc ch: HT s cho php KH thc hin rt tin t my ATM - Tm lc: UC bt u khi c KH chn ty chn rt tin trn menu chnh. - Tc nhn: Khch hng (chnh) - Ngy lp: 11/11/2110 Ngy cp nht: - Phin bn: 1.2 Chu trch nhim: LTNKhanh
Aug - 2011
43

V d: m t use case Rt tin (tt)
Dng s kin chnh: 2. Yu cu xc nh ti khon 3. Yu cu nhp s tin cn rt 4. Khch hng nhp s tin 5. Kim tra s tin nhp vi s d ti khon 6. Chuyn tin ra cho khch hng 7. In ho n rt tin cho khch hng
Aug - 2011
44
Xy dng m hnh use case - M t use case (tt)

V d: m t use case Rt tin (tt)
Dng s kin ph: 1. Nu s tin vt qu s d th thng bo cho KH iu chnh hoc hu b giao dch. Tin iu kin: - ATM phi c tin mt trong my - ATM phi c giy in ho n Hu iu kin: 1. ATM phi trng thi cho thc hin mt giao dch mi.
Aug - 2011
45
Xy dng m hnh use case - Phn chia m hnh UC thnh cc gi

Mi UC minh ho 1 kch bn trong h thng. Khi h thng phc tp, nn phn chia cc UC thnh cc gi (package). Mi gi phn nh mt chc nng chnh ca HT. Nn to 1 lc chnh ch cha cc gi v nhm cc UC.
Aug - 2011
46
Xy dng m hnh use case - Phn chia m hnh UC thnh cc gi (tt)

V d: h thng ATM
Giao dch Vn hnh Rt gi
H thng th vin
Mn tr sch ng k thnh vin Mua sch
Aug - 2011
47
Tm tt chng 6
nh ngha UC
L mt tnh hung s dng, mt chc nng ca HT
Xy dng m hnh UC
M hnh use-case bao gm lc use-case v (c th) mt s package (gom mt s use-case thnh mt b chc nng con ca h thng)
Aug - 2011
48
Tm tt chng 6 (tt)
Phng php thc hin:
Xc nh cc actor v use-case ca h thng Xc lp cc quan h gia cc i tng ny Quan h lin kt gia actor v use-case: mt chiu hoc hai chiu, thng c stereotype l <<communicate>> Quan h m rng hay gp gia 2 use-case: quan h lin kt vi stereotype <<extend>> hay <<include>> Quan h tng qut ho (generalization) gia cc actor: nhiu actor c vai tr ca mt actor tru tng Quan h tng qut ho gia cc use-case: nhiu use-case l trng hp c th ca mt use-case tru tng Trnh by thnh lc use-case theo chun UML C th xc nh cc package
Aug - 2011
49
Bi tp chng 6
1. c case study VolBank
Hy lit k tt c cc actor trong HT. Lit k cc UC c th c trong HT. Nhng actor no lin kt vi nhng UC no. V biu UC ca HT.
Aug - 2011
50
Bi tp chng 6 (tt)
2. Hy biu din biu UC ca on trch t cuc phng vn vi Jannet Hoffner sau:
B: Khi chng ta bn bo him, vic lm u tin l thu thp cc chi tit ca thnh vin, bao gm tui tc v ngh nghip ca h, a ch v lch s bo him tc l trong qu kh ngi ny c b tai nn g hay ko? A: Ly cc thng tin ny t u? B: Mt s thng tin ly t chi tit thnh vin trong h thng, v thng qua in thoi. A: Chuyn g xy ra na?
Aug - 2011
51
Bi tp chng 6 (tt)
B: Chng ta s c gng tm ra mt hp ng thch hp. Chng ta s tm kim mt hp ng tt nht cho h da vo thng tin m chng ta c. H thng c th a ra nhiu iu khon hp ng, chng ta c nhim v gii thiu nhng iu khon no st vi yu cu ca thnh vin. A: Anh lun bn c hp ng ch? B: Khng, thnh thong c vi ngi quyt nh mua hp ng, nhng i khi th khng. A: Ngha l anh c nhim v a ra iu khon hp ng thch hp vi ngi . Anh lun thc hin vic tm kim mt iu khon hp ng nh vy, v thnh thong bn c hp ng? B: Vng, ng nh vy.
Aug - 2011
52
Bi tp chng 6 (tt)
3. Di y l cc yu cu khc ca h thng con Insurance. hy v biu UC biu din chng:
Bo cho h thng cng ty bo him tt c cc hp ng bn. Nhn thng bo t h thng cng ty bo him v cc hp ng mi v iu kin thc hin. Nhn thng bo v cc thay i ph bo him t h thng cng ty bo him. Pht sinh cc thng bo gia hn nh k hng tun cho tt c cc hp ng mt thng trc khi n hn.
Aug - 2011
53
Bi tp chng 6
Gia hn mt hp ng. Thng bo cho h thng cng ty bo him v tt c cc hp ng c gia hn. Tnh ph bo him cho cc hp ng gii thiu, bn v c gia hn. Lu tt c vic truyn ti thng tin gia HT cty bo him v CarMatch c d nh truyn t ng gia 2 HT.
Aug - 2011
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Bi tp chng 6 (tt)
Aug - 2011
55
Bi tp chng 6 (tt)
Aug - 2011
56
Cng ty Xun Ha thnh lp t nm 1995 vi chc nng chnh l kinh doanh thit b vn phng. m rng hot ng kinh doanh v li ko thm nhiu KH, ban gim c cng ty quyt nh s xy dng mt trang Web gii thiu hng v bn hng trc tuyn qua mng. Ti trang ch KH c th thc hin cc chc nng sau: Xem cc loi thit b, Tm kim thit b, Thm thit b vo xe, Mua thit b, ng k thnh vin, Sa thng tin c nhn, Xem thng tin khuyn mi v ng nhp. Ngoi ra HT cn cho php ngi qun tr HT ng nhp vi quyn Admin thc hin cc chc nng Bo tr thng tin thit b, Cp nht danh sch thit b, Thng k cc thit b trong kho. Tin trnh Xem cc loi thit b s bt u khi KH kch vo nt Xem thit b trong trang ch. HT s ly thng tin v cc danh mc cc thit b v hin th ln mn hnh. KH chn mt danh mc v kch vo nt Xem tip. DS cc thit b trong danh mc s c hin th ra mn hnh. Khi KH chn mt thit b trong danh sch v kch vo nt Chi tit thit b, HT s hin th thng tin chi tit v thit b bao gm m thit b, hnh nh, phn loi, gi. Nu KH mun xem thit b khc th kch vo nt Thit b khc HT s hin th li mn hnh danh mc thit b. Nu KH kch vo nt Ly vo xe, thit b s c thm vo xe hng. V biu Use case cho HT.
Aug - 2011
57
ng dng
Xy dng biu UC v c t cc UC trong h thng ca nhm bn.
Aug - 2011
58

Chuong6 Mo Hinh UseCase Nkhanh

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Chng 6

M HNH HA CHC NNG

Lp k hoch h thng Khi to d n Qun l d n

Chn ra sn phm tho mn nhng i hi ca mnh.

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

Use case - nh ngha

Mt tp hp cc UC s cho bit nhng ngi dng s lm g vi h thng ny.

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

Nhn vin tip khch:

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

Use case V d (tt)

Nhn vin thm tra ch k:

Khch hng giao tip vi h thng (nh bng)

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

Use case V d (tt)

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh ha Use case

Cho php m t r rng v nht qun ci h thng s lm.

L c s thc hin th nghim h thng

n gin ha vic thay i v m rng h thng.

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case - nh ngha

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Tc nhn l g?

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Tc nhn l g?

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Tc nhn l g?

Tc nhn h tr (secondary actor):

Nhng phn cng hoc h thng bn ngoi?

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn (tt)

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Quan h gia cc tc nhn

Nhan vien ban hang

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm tc nhn Quan h gia cc tc nhn

504002 M hnh Use Case

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC (tt)

L cch xem h thng mc cao (high-level view of the system)

504002 M hnh Use Case

ThS. Lng Th Ngc Khnh

M hnh use case Cc bc xy dng - Tm UC (tt)