PHNG AN 2: MONG BANG TREN NEN

GIA CO
BANG GIENG CAT

A. GIA CO NEN.
I. Cau tao gieng cat:
1- em cat thoat nc :
- Cat em bang cat trung, co he so am chat Kc
0,85, trong lng the tch = 1,9 T/m3.
- Chieu day em cat: chon 2 m
2- Gieng cat:
- ng knh gieng cat: d = 40 cm
- Khoang cach gia cac gieng cat: a = 2 m
- Chieu sau gieng cat: L = D : chieu sau vung hoat
ong co ket;
Ha:chieu sau
D = (1 / 2 2 / 3) H a

3- Tai trong tam thi:

- Dung bang cat, c chia lam nhieu giai oan tai.
II. Tnh toan gieng cat:
1- Giai oan 1:
a) Tai trong phu tam thi cho giai oan 1 c lay theo
tai trong an toan; at o sau 1,5 m.

(.h +c. cot g)

'
+ .h
q at 1 =

cot g +

= n = 0,6438 (T/m3)
c = 0,9 (T/m2)
h = 1,8.1+0,6438.0,5 = 2,122 (T/m2)
= 7,420 cotg = 7,68

q at 1 =

(0,6438 .1,5 + 0,9.7,68 )

+ 2,122
7,42 .
= 3,96+2,12=6,08 (T/m2)
7,68 +

180

Dien tch mac bang li cot :16x24

Chieu dai au tha=1m
Tien hanh gia tai tren dien 18 x 26 m
Chieu cao cua lp cat gia tai:
h1 =

q at 1

6,08
= 3,2(m)
1,9

b) Xac nh vung hoat ong ng suat Ha1.

o ben ket cau cua at:

q kc1 =

2c. cos 2.0,9. cos 7,42 0

=
= 2,05 (T / m 2 )
0
1 sin
1 sin 7,42
gl
gl
z = K 0 . p ; p gl = q at 1 ' .h = 3,96 (T / m 2 )

o sau z = 9,5 m t ay lp em cat:

2z
=1,06 ;
B

zgl

A
= 1,44 K 0 = 0,682
B
= K 0 . p gl = 0,753 .3,96 = 2,7(T / m 2 )

zgl q kc1 = 2,7 2,05 = 0,65(T / m 2 )

ztb = 1.1,8 + (9,5 + 0,5).0,6438 = 8,24 (T / m 2 )

zgl q kc1 < 0,1. btz

Ha1 =9,5 (m)

Vay: Chieu dai gieng cat D1 = 9,5 (m)
c)Tac dung vat ep nc cho giai oan au tren
gieng cat lam giam o am cua at yeu
lam tang C,
Thanh phan c ly cua at nen sau khi gia tai lan
au:
W1 = 82% W = 50,44%
C1 = 2C = 1,8 (T/m2)
1 = 1,5 = 11,130
G = 1,053
1 =
dn1

W1 2,64 .0,5044
=
= 1,265
G
1,053
1
(2,64 1). 1
=
. n =
= 0,725 (T / m 3 )
1 + 1
1 + 1,265

Thi gian lun on nh:

L r n
)
h
a
200
L=
=
(cm )
3
3
d
r = = 20 ( cm )
2
Tcd = t cd .(

t cd = 9 gi

Tcd

200
20

3
=9.

1, 5

=2968 ,2

gi = 123,67 ngay

o lun on nh:
S1 =

W W1
0,615 0,504
.D1 =
.9,5 = 1,06
1
1
+W
+ 0,615

2,64

2- Giai oan 2:
q at 2 =

( . h + c.cot g )
+ ' .h

cot g +
2

= 0,725 (T/m3)
h = 1,5 + 0,95 = 2,45 (m)
h = 1,8.1 + 1,45.0,725 = 2,85 (T/m2)
= 11,130 ; cotg = 5,083
c =1,8 (T/m2)

q at 2 =

(0,725 .2,45 +1,8.5,083 )

+ 2,85
11,13 .
= 9,25 + 2,85 = 12,1 (T/m2)
5,083 +

180

Chieu day cua lp cat gia tai tong cong:

h2 =

q a .t 2..

= 6,37 (m)

b) Xac nh vung hoat ong ng suat Ha2.

q kc 2 =

2c. cos 2.1,8. cos 11 0 ,13

=
= 4,38 (T / m 2 )
1 sin
1 sin 11 0 ,13

pgl = qat2 - .h = 9,25 (T/m2)

o sau z = 14,25 m t ay lp em cat:
2z
A
= 1,58
= 1,44 K 0 = 0,532
B
B
zgl = K 0 . p gl = 0,532 .9,25 = 4,92 (T / m 2 )

zgl q k .c 2 = 0,54 (T / m 2 )

ztb = 2,85 + 14,25 .0,725 = 13,2(T / m 2 )

zgl q kc 2 < 0,1. btz

Ha2 = 14,25 (m)

D2 =

2
H a .2 = 8,5( m)
3

c) Cac ch tieu c ly cua at nen sau khi gia tao

lan 2:
W2 = 86% W1 = 43,38%
c2 = 1,5c1 = 2,7 (T/m2)
2= 1,41 = 15,5820
W2
2,64 .0,4338
=
= 1,088
G
1,053
( 1)
dn 2 =
. n = 0,785 (T / m 3 )
1 + 2
L r n
Tcd = tcd .(
)
h
Thi gian
a
200
L=
=
(cm ) au:
3
3
d
r = = 20 (cm )
2

2 =

lun on nh giong nh lan

t cd = 9 gi

Tcd

200
20

=9. 3

1, 5

=2968 ,2

gi = 123,67 ngay

o lun on nh:
W1 W2
0,5044 0,4338
.D2 =
.9,5 = 0,76 (m)
1
1
+ W1
+ 0,5044

2,64

S2 =

o lun cua nen sau hai lan gia co:

S1 + S2 = 1,06 + 0,76 = 1,82 (m)
Tong thi gian hai lan gia co: 2.123,67 = 247,34 ngay.
B. TNH TOAN MONG BANG:
I. Xac nh s bo kch thc mong bang:
Thiet ke cung mot loai mong theo phng ngang, kch
thc s bo c chon nh sau:
- Chieu dai: l = 16+2=18 (m)
- Chieu rong: b = 2 (m)
- Chieu cao ai: H = 0,7 (m)
- Chieu cao mong :hm=0,9 (m)
- Chieu sau chon mong: h = 1,5 (m)
II. Xac nh s bo ap lc tac dung len nen:
1- e xac nh s bo, xem mong lam viec nh
mong n, chu tai trong lech tam, tiet dien mong
18 x 2 m
- Ntt = 3.128,26 + 2.96,2 = 577,18 (T)
- Mtt = 3.10,02 + 2.8,35 = 46,76 (Tm)
- FM = l x b = 18.2 = 36 (m2)
- Moment chong uon cua tiet dien mong.
Wx =

b. l 2
= 108 ( m 3 )
6

- Trong lng cua ban than mong va at phu len

mong:
Q = FM. tb.h = 36.2.1,5 = 108 (T)
- Ap lc tieu chuan tac dung xuong ay mong:

tc
max

N
=

tc

FM

+Q

M
+
Wx

tc

tc

M tc =
-

tc
max

tt

= 480 ,98 (T )

1,2

tc

= 38 ,97 (Tm )

1,2

N
=

tc

+Q

FM

tc
min
x =

tbtc =

tc

M
+

tc

Wx

+Q

FM

tc
tc
max
+ min

M
Wx

480 ,98 + 108 38,97

+
= 16 ,72 (T / m 2 )
36
108

tc

480 ,98 + 108 38 ,97

= 16 (T / m 2 )
36
108

= 16 ,36 (T / m 2 )

Theo TCXD 45 - 78: cng o tnh toan qui c cua

cat la em: R 40 (T/m2);
E0 = 3500 (T/m2).
Thoa man ieu kien

tcmax < 1,2 R

tctbx < R

2- Kiem tra chieu day lp em cat theo ieu kien

at nen a c gia co.
Chieu day lp em cat: h = 2 (m)
zbt + zgl < R
Rd =

m1 .m 2
Ab II +B.( h + hd ) II' + c II .D
K tc

h + hd = 1,5 + 2 = 3,5(m)

II = 0,785 (T / m 3 )
II' .h = 1,8.1 + 0,785 .2,5 = 3,76 (T / m 3 )
c II = 2,7(T / m 2 )

II = 15 ,582 0 A = 0,34 ; B = 2,36 ; D = 4,92

m1 = 1,1; m 2 = 1; K tc = 1
Rd =

1,1.1
[0,34 .2.0,785 + 2,36 .3,5.3,76 + 4,92 .2,7] = 49 ,36 T / m 2
1

o sau ay ai:

Pzgl = tbtc II .h = 16 ,36 (1.1,8 + 0,5.0,785 ) = 14 ,2(T / m 2 )

zgl = K z .P gl ; z = hd = 2(m)
x 2z
K z ,

b b
x = 0; z = 2m

2z
= 2 K z = 0,54
b

o sau ay lp em cat:

 zgl = 0,54 .14 ,2 = 7,67 (T / m 2 )

1. ztb

= 1.1,8 + 2,5.0,785 = 3,76 (T / m 2 )

zgl=hd + zbt=h +hd = 7,67 + 3,76 = 11,43

zgl=hd + zbt=h +hd < Rd

Vay: Chieu cao lp em cat thoa ieu kien ap lc

len lp at nen gia co.
III. Kiem tra o lun cua mong bang:
1- o lun cua lp em cat:
Ap lc gay lun tai ay ai:
Pgl = 14,2 (T/m2)
o lun cua lp em cat c tnh theo cong thc:
S1 = S i
Si =

E0

. zigl . hi
x 2z

b b

zigl = K z . P gl ; K z ;

K:tra bang 3.13 (sach hng dan o an nen va

mong)
Tra bang quy pham vi cat tho va, chat va; c
E = 3500 (T/m3)
2z
zigl = K z . P gl (T / m 2 )
iem
z(m)
Kz
b

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,7
1
1,5
2

0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,5
0,7
1
1,5
2

1
1
0,998
0,993
0,96
0,906
0,822
0,67
0,54

14,2
14,2
14,17
14,1
13,63
12,87
11,67
9,5
7,668

 1 ,2 4

0, .1 2 + 0, .1 1 ,2 +40, .1 1 ,1 4+ 07, .1 1 ,1 4
8

0,8
Sc = Si = + 0, .2 1 ,6 3+ 03, .2 1 ,8 2+ 07, .3 1 ,6 1 7 = ,0 0 m0 = ,04 (c 7) m
i= 1 3 5 0 0
,7 6 7
+ 0,5.9,5 + 0, .5

b) o luc cua lp at c gia co di ay lp

em cat:
Xac nh vung hoat ong ng suat Ha.
q kc =

2c. cos 2.2,7. cos 15 0 582

=
= 7,1(T / m 2 )
0
1 sin
1 sin 15 ,582

Tai o sau z = 3 m ke t ay lp em cat:

2 z 2.3
=
= 3;
b
2
x
= 0; K z = 0,993
b
zigl = K 0 zgl=hd = 0,993 .7,67 = 7,62 (T / m 2 )

zigl q kc = 0,52
zigl q kc 0,1 zitb

Vay: Ha = 3(m); D = 2/3Ha = 2m.

o
luc
cua
at
W2 Wsd
.D
1
+ Wsd

W2 = 43,38 %; Wsd = 97 ,%W2 = 42 ,08 %

nen

Sd =

Sd =

0,4338 0,4208
.2 = 0,033 (m) = 3,3(cm )
1
+ 0,4208
2,64

o lun cua cong trnh:

S = S d + S c = 3,3 + 0,47 = 3,77 (cm ) < S gh = 8(cm )

Tnh cot thep cho mong bang:

Moment quan tnh:
xem mong bang nh dam tiet dien ch T

gia

co:

Jx =

1 b.h 3
1 2.0,9 3
.
= .
= 0,06075 m 4
2 12
2 12

Chon be tong mac 200 lam ai mong

Modul an hoi :
Be tong mac 200 co E=2,4.105 kg/cm2=2,4.106 T/m2
Theo qui pham khi tnh toan bien dang do tai trong lau
dai,dung :
Ett=0,5.E=1,2.106 T/m2
He so nen :
K = b.c =

r
S

r = zgl=hd + zbt=h +hd = 7,67 + 3,76 = 11,43

r:phan lc nen
S=0,5.0,033m=0,0165m
0,5 :la he so ma o lun a xay ra trong thi gian
thi cong .
K=692,73T/m3
Bang ket qua tnh toan mong bang t phan mem
tnh mong Kricom sotfware:
T ket qua tnh moment, co nhan xet:
Tai v tr di moi cot, moment dng mep phai
ln hn moment dng mep trai, do o thep c
tnh theo moment mep phai:
a./Tnh toan cot doc :
Xac nh truc trung hoa:
M c = Rn .bc' .hc' ( h0

h 'c
) = 900 .2.0,7(0,85 0,35 ) = 630 Tm
2

M c > M dng cua mong nen truc trung hoa i qua

canh.
Tnh cot thep cho moment dng:
Chon truc ox hng t trai sang phai, iem O tai
mep trai:
Tai cot 1: x = 1m
Fa =

M
1693000
=
= 7,9cm 2
0,9.Ra .h0
0,9.2800 .85

Chon 410 + 412

Tai cot 2: x = 5m
Fa =

M
4232000
=
= 19 ,76 cm 2
0,9.Ra .h0
0,9.2800 .85

Chon 410 + 816.

Tai cot 3: x = 9m
Fa =

3722000
=17 ,38 cm 2
0,9.2800 .85

Chon 410 +716.

Tai cot 4: x = 13m.
Fa =

2646000
=12 ,35 cm 2
0,9.2800 .85

Chon 410 + 812.

Tai cot 5; x = 17m.
Fa =

1820000
= 8,5cm 2
0,9.2800 .85

Chon 410 + 512.

Thep c bo tr khoang 30% trong canh va 70% trong
sn.
Tnh cot thep cho moment am ln nhat tai gia cac
nhp co toa o: x = 3; 7; 11; 15 m.
Fa =

M
0,9. Ra . h0

3453000
=16 ,12 cm 2 . Chon 520.
0,9.2800 .85
2224000
2
Tai x = 7m: Fa = 0,9.2800 .85 =10 ,4cm . Chon 516.
2526000
2
Tai x = 11m: Fa = 0,9.2800 .85 =11,79 cm . Chon 616
4203000
2
Tai x = 15m: Fa = 0,9.2800 .85 =19 ,62 cm . Chon 620
K 0 .Rn .bs .h0 = 0,35 .900 .0,5.0,85 =133 ,875

Tai x = 3m:

Fa =

Qmax = 62 ,06 T <133 ,875 T

b.\Tnh toan va bo tr cot ai cot xien:

K 1 .Rk .bs .h0 = 0,6.75 .0,5.0,85 =19 ,125

Qmax = 62 ,06 T >19 ,125 T

Be tong khong b pha hoai do ng suat chnh gay

ra.
Can phai tnh cot ai.
Chon co ai 8, so nhanh: n = 4, (fad=0,503.cm2).
u max =

1,5.Rk .bs .h0

1,5.75 .0,5.0,85
=
= 77 cm
Q
62 ,06

8.Rk .bs .h02

u tt = Rad .n. f d .
Q2
8.75 .0,5.0,85
= 37 ,3cm
62 ,06 2
h
phai thoa: u ct 3 = 30 cm

u tt = 28000 .4.0,503 .10 4.

Theo cau tao cot ai

vay

chon: u = 30 cm.
c.\Tnh cot xien :
Rad .n. f d
2800 .4.0,503
=
= 187 ,79 ( kg / cm )
u
30
Qb = 2,8.h0 . Rk .b.q d = 2,8.85 . 7,5.50 .187 ,79 = 63 ,16 (T )
qd =

Ta thay tai moi v tr: Q =62,06T< Qb

Vay khong can tnh cot xien, neu co ch la thep
cau tao.
d.\Tnh thep cho canh mong :
Tnh cot thep chu moment theo phng ngang doc:
Theo phng nay, canh damlamviec nh mot consol
ngam vao sn be rong L=75cm
Canh dam chu lc phan bo:
P=

tt

+Q

475 ,38 +18 .2.2.1,5

= 16 ,36 (T / m 2 )
36

Gia tr moment tai ngam tren mot met ngang:

P.l 2 16 ,36 .0,75 2
=
= 4,6(Tm )
2
2
M
460000
Fa =
=
= 2,15 (cm 2 )
0,9.Ra h0
0,9.2800 .85

M =

Thep qua t nen phai at theo cau tao: 10 a200 at

suot theo chieu dai mong bang.