Thong Tin Di Dong2

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng
Phn III. Ph-ng php tYnh ton quy hoch mng

53

hnh 3/9
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
A1
A3
A2
A1
A3
A2
C1
C3
C2
C1
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
C1
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
A1
A3
A2
A2 C1 C1 C1
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
B1
B3
b2
B1
B3
b2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
C1
C3
C2
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
D3
D1
2
D3
D1
2
A1
A3
A2
D3
D1
2
A1
A3
A2
D3
D1
2
A1
A3
A2
D3
D1
2
A1
A3
A2
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
B1
B3
b2
C1
C3
C2
A1
A3
A2
D3
D1
2
A1
A3
A2
D3
D1
2
A1
A3
A2
D1 D3 A1
hnh 4/12

54
E(t)=a(t)LCos(t+y(t))
y a(t) ch ph thuc vo cng sut pht m khng ph thuc vo
ni dung dng s liu.
Y(t)=Y(0)+%K
1
L(-iLT)
Vi cc nh ngha sau y:
Dng s liu l : .... d
i-1
,d
1
,d
i+1
,...
K
i
=1 nu d
i
=d
i-1

K
i
=1 nu d
i
d
i-1

(xT)=/ G(x+1/2)-G(x-1/2) / x11/2
T=13/3s
Phn tch tn ph theo trnh t cc bt ngu nhin ch ra rng di
tn ph ca n c dng nh- hnh sau:

Di tn ph rnh:
rng di tn chim khong 900KHz do vic chn vic chn la
cc knh trong 1Cell vo Cell ln cn c tn s cch bit ch s sy ra mt s
2,0 2,5 1,5 1,0 5,5
-110
-100
70
60
-40
-20
-16

55
trng lp qu ln v di tn ph. iu dn ti cn c mt k hoch s
dng tn s mt cch khoa hc gim nhiu.
* $uy hao -ng truyn:
L qu trnh m tn hiu thu gim dn do khong cch trm pht
v trm thu ngy cng tng. Vi mt Angten cho tr-c cng sut pht suy hao
-ng truyn t l vi bnh ph-ng ca dxf vi d l khong cch v f l tn s.
Trong a hnh thnh ph suy hao c th tl vi d
4
hoc hn th. Trong
mi tr-ng khong gian t do c th tnh suy hao -ng truyn nh- sau:
P
L
= 20 log(42.d
Km
f
MHz
) dB
= 32,5 + 20 log f
MHz
+ 20 log d
Km
dB
Vi d
Km
l khong cch tnh bng Km
f
MHz
l tn s tnh bng MHz
P
L
l suy hao -ng truyn tnh bng dB

Nh- ta bit c 3 yu t lm nh h-ng n suy hao -ng truyn l
khong cch tng (nh- ni trn) ngoi ra cn chu nh h-ng ca Phadinh
chun Lgo v Pla inh nhiu tia (#,yleigh).
MS
P,8t Lo88 (free
gr,ce)
BT
dk

56
Cng thc tnh suy hao -ng truyn c tnh n nh h-ng ca hai
loi Pha inh trn -c -a ra trong bo co ca CCTT 1982:
P
L
= 69,55 + 26,16 log f
MHz
- 13,28 log h
1
- a(h
1
) + (44,9 - 6,55 log h
1
) L
log d
Km

Vi :
P
L
: Suy hao -ng truyn tnh bng dB
f
MHz
: tn s tnh bng Mhz
h
1
Chiu cao ca Angten BTS tnh bng mt
h
2
Chiu cao ca Angten MS tnh bng mt
a(h
2
) = (1,1 log P - 0,2) L h
2
- (1,56 log f - 0,8)
d
Km
Khong cch tnh bng Km

Nm 1968 Okumura mt k s- ng-i Nht tm ra ph-ng php tnh
ton c-ng tr-ng ti im thu bng cch tra th ( Th 1).
th ny khng s dng n nu khng c cc du chnh vi cc
kiu khc nhau i vi tng loi a hnh. Trong bo co ca Okumura -a
ra 5 loi a hnh khc nhau:
1- a hnh gn phng.
2- a hnh ni nhp nh thp.
MS

57
3- a hnh ni cao.
4- a hnh th-ng dc.
5- a hnh t lin v bin.
Sau y l v d ca th hiu chnh t bo co ca Okumura.
th (2,3,4)

th 1

V th 2

500 300 200 100 30 20 40
-30
-10
0
Ah(m)
K(dB)
70
100 90 80 60 50 70 40 30 20 10 5 2
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
52dB
200m
150m
100m
70m
50m
30m
1000m
800m
600m
450m
300m
BTS
Receiver
10%
90%
10Km

58


59

A: d
1
>= 60 km
A: d
1
>= 60 km
A: d
1
>= 60 km

BTS
h=200m
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
2 4 6 8 d
Km
K[dB]
10
A

B

C


60

V th 3: K yu t hiu chnh a hnh qu cao

Gi s ta c mt s thng s nh- sau:
Tn s: 900MHz
Cng sut pht: 1Kw
cao Angten : 100m
d
1

d
Tx
d
d
1

Tx
(B) (A)
Rx
20
15
10
5
(d
1
/d)[%]
K[dB]
0 20 40 60 80 100
A
B
d>60km
d<30km

61
Khong cch : 100m
Vi vng thnh ph :
- mi tr-ng t do ta dng th 1 tm -c c-ng tr-ng t 84
dB(3V/m)
- Tnh ton theo cng thc: 80 dB(3V/m) (, hnh bng phng c phn
x mt t)
- Tnh theo Okomura : 45 dB(3V/m)
T y ta tm -c s khc nhau v c-ng tr-ng thu cng nh- suy
hao -ng truyn theo tng cch tnh khc nhau.

Mode dng C-ng
tr-ng
Cng sut
thu
Suy hao -ng truyn
T do 84 dB(3V/m) -52 dBm 112 dB
Bng
phng
80 dB(3V/m) -56 dBm 116 dB
Okomura 45 dB(3V/m) -91 dBm 151 dB
Trong bng trn cng sut thu -c tnh theo cng thc:
P
L
(dBm)=E(dB(3V/m))-20* log f
MHz
- 77,2
* Cng thc Okumuza-Hata :
Nm 1980 Hata l mt k s- in t nht bn da trn th va
Okumuza -a ra mt s cng thc tnh ton suy hao -ng truyn nh-
sau:
+ Trong iu kin thnh ph bnh th-ng
L(thnh ph)=69,55+26,16*log f -13,82 * log h
1
+ (44,9-6,55 log h
1
) * log
d
Trong : f : tn s [Mhz]

62
h
1
: cao Angten BTS[m]
d : khong cch [m]
+ Trong iu kin ngoi c th dng cng thc:
L(ngoi )=L(thnh ph)-[2*(log(f/28))
2
+5,4]
+ Trong iu kin quang ng, khng cy cao, khng nh cao tng c
th dng cng thc:
L(bng phng)=L(thnh ph)-[4,78*(log f)
2
-18,83* log f +40,94]
Cc cng thc ny hiu chnh cho st vi iu kin thc t nh s
dng cc yu t hiu chnh thc hin trong cc th Okumuza trnh
by trn.
* Phn tn thi gian:
Phn tn thi gian cng l tr-ng hp ca truyn lan nhiu -ng dn
do phn x. H thng GSM -c thit k c th hn ch phn tn thi gian
nh s dng mt b cn bng m c th thc hin cn bng mt s nht
nh tn hiu phn x nh-ng khng phi l tt c. B cn bng ca GSM c
th t -c s cn bng cho cc tn hiu phn x chm khong 4 bt so v
tn hiu n trc tip, t-ng ng vi 15 3s. Tuy nhin nu tn hiu phn x
m n tr hn th th b cn bng khng th p ng -c. Giai on m
b cn bng c th p ng -c gi l m s thi gian. Trong ca s thi
gian s tng c-ng tn hiu n trc tip. Tng cc tn hiu phn x
c th nh hn 153s phi t nht nh hn 9 ln tng cc tn hiu trong ca
s. T s ny gi l t s sng mang trn sng phn x (/#). C/R -c tnh
bng t s gia nng l-ng trong ca s v nng l-ng ngoi ca s ca b
cn bng. C/R cng nh th cht l-ng cng km. V tr t BTS nh h-ng
rt ln n t s ny nn t khng hp l s gy nn phn tn thi gian ln.
Cc vng c a hnh nh- min ni, thnh ph nhiu nh cao tng, vng h
xy dng nhiu thm, bc th-ng c t s C/R nh.

63
Thng th-ng tn hiu phn x phi i qua qung -ng ln hn 4,5 Km
so vi tn hiu trc tip th mi c tr hn 1,53s tuy nhin nu tn hiu phn
x khng mnh tc l t s C/R ln hn 1 s cho php th khng nh h-ng
n vng sng phc v.
Ng-c li nu tn hiu phn x mnh nh-ng tr vn thuc ca s th s
tng mnh ca tn hiu i thng. Ch khi C/R nh phn tn thi gian ln
th mi c yu cu thay i vi tr BTS, hoc dng ph-ng php t thm
BTS ph tr. Khi st vn ny cn phi cn c vo cc v tr cn i gia
MS v BTS bi v mi v tr d l cch nhau khng ln th c th C/R cch
nhau rt ln.
* Nhiu ng knh:
Nhiu giao thoa ng knh l nhiu do tn hiu thu khng mong mun
c cng tn s v tn hiu thu mong mun. T s gia mc sng mang
khng mong mun l t s nhiu giao thoa ng knh (/I). T s ny ph
thuc vo nhng yu t nh-:
+ Mu s dng li tn s: khong cch gia hai Cell cng tn s nh
h-ng ln nhau.
+ V tr a hnh.
+ Cc vng phn x a ph-ng.
+ Kiu Angten, tnh nh h-ng, chiu cao Angten.
+ Cc sng gy nhiu a ph-ng c cng tn s.
T s ny gy nh h-ng rt mnh n cht l-ng tn hiu, dn n
sai tn hiu, gii m sai gy nn st cuc gi hoc tht bi trn -ng ni v
tuyn. Tiu chun GSM cho php C/ nh nht l 10. Ngoi ra trong thng tin
v tuyn tn hiu cn b nh h-ng cc knh ln cn l cc knh gn tn s
vi tn hiu thu, di tn ca chng trng ln nhau mc ln. Trong tr-ng hp

64
ny cng gy nhiu gi l nhiu giao thoa knh ln cn (/A) trong thc t
cc tn s ca cc BTS cng v tr th-ng gy nh h-ng cho nhau.
Tn hiu thu -c khi o c th-ng gm rt nhiu loi tn hiu v
nhiu nh- k trn. Khi o c ta c th xc nh t s C/(+R+A), nh gi
mc hoc li c th xc nh -c t s ny phi nh n cc my o
chuyn dng.
2.2.6 Cng sut thu pht
Nh chc nng iu khin cng sut pht m 1 MS c th m bo
giuy tr hot ng trong mt thi gian di vi ngun nng l-ng nh b. Mi MS
c th cng sut ln nht l 12 W. Nh-ng thng th-ng mt MS cm tay c
cng sut 2 W. Do khi thit k phi tnh ton xem BTS c th thu -c
tn hiu pht ca MS xa nht trong vng phc v ca Cell hay khng. Cng
sut pht ca BTS cng phi -c tnh ton n mc d BTS-MS coi nh- l
hai bn thu pht t-ng -ng, nh-ng kh nng thu tn hiu BTS v Ms l khc
nhau. Cc yu t l:
- Angten: Angten pht v thu ca BTS v MS hon ton khc nhau BTS
c th dng cc Angten nh-:
+ Angten ng h-ng (miniderection,l Angten,) : Tr-ng sng bc x
ca Angten ra moi h-ng l nh- nhau
+ Angten nh h-ng ( (Un) - Direction,l Angten,) : loi Angten cho
php thu hoc pht theo mt h-ng nht nh. Chng th-ng -c s dng
trong cc Sectouze. Cng sut pht tp trung vo mt h-ng do n c
phn phn x hoc phi hp gia phn x v nh h-ng.
C hai loi Angten inh h-ng nh- sau:

120
0

3 sector
60
0

6 sector
A : 120
0
sector B : 60
0
sector

65

+ Angten a h-ng: y l h thng Angten m mi Angten th-ch hin
mt mu bc x phi hp. Loi n gin nht l Angten 2 h-ng -c pht di
theo 2 h-ng ng-c nhau. Loi ny c kh nng ph sng theo di tn nh- trc
giao thng m c l-u l-ng nh.
- khuch i Angten phn tp Angten: G phn tp
Phn tp Angten l s dng 2 Angten thu c lp t v tr gc thu
khc nhau phi hp, chon la s a dngca cc mc tn hiu thu -c
gy bi truyn lan a -ng dn. Phn tp Angten ci thin cht l-ng tn
hiu trong vng c mi tr-ng truyn sng phc tp. Kh nng c th tng tn
hiu thu t 36 dB nh s dng Angten phn tp.
- nhy cm ca phn thu: nhy cm l mc tn hiu thu thp nht
m Angten c th thu tt tn hiu. Thng th-ng BTS nhy cm thu tn
hiu l 104 dB v mc MS th-ng l 102 dBm
P
dBm
= 10L log P
w
/10
3

Tuy nhin nh kh nng thu ca Angten v phn tp Angten nn cng
sut bc x ngoi Angten c th nh hn. Cng thc cn bng:
G
phn tp
[dB] + P
Bc x
[dB] = P
my thu
[dBm] + L
suy hao cp feeder
[dB]
thu tn hiu ln Angten pht cn s dng mt h thng phi hp
Angten (coupling) pht. H thng ny c th phi hp 6 sng mang t cc thit
b thu pht TRx cho pht trn 1 Angten. Khi qua cc thit b trn cng sut ca
tn hiu s b gim t 39 dB tu thuc vo s Combiner m n phi i qua.
Nh tnh ton n cng sut pht tn hiu BTS -c chia thnh cc lp, cc
lp thu pht TRx -c nh ngha theo mc tn hiu ln nht m c th
iu chnh:

Lp cng sut Cng sut ln nht

66
(W)
1 230
2 160
3 80
4 40
5 20
6 20
7 5
8 2,5

Cn c vo mc cng sut pht ln nht iu chnh cng sut pht
cho tng BTS:
Trong h thng thng tin di ngtn ti hai h thng truyn sng l:
+ Uplink t MS n mng thong qua BTS
+ Downlink t mng n MS thng qua BTS
Vi cng sut pht ca MS c th l 12 W hoc vi 1 MS cm tay thng
th-ng l 2 W do khi tnh ton cng sut thu pht ca BTS phi theo G cn
bng sau y:
PBT[dBm] (,8e Tr,n8miter utput Power) Cng sut thu ca
TRx .
PMT[dBm] (obile Tr,n8miter Power) Cng sut pht ca MS.
PMR[dBm] (obile #eciver Power) Cng sut thu ca MS.
GB[dB] (,8e Anten, G,in) Tng ch ca Angten BTS.
GM[dB] ( obile Anten, G,in) Tngch ca Angten MS.
GD[dB] (Diverty G,in) Khuch i phn tp Angten.
LD[dB] (Propagation Lost) Suy hao -ng truyn.
LC[dB] (Base Conbner Lost) Suy hao -ng truyn qua cp

67
LBF[dB] (Base Feedz Lost) suy hao qua feedz MS.
Cng sut thu pht ca MS -c tnh theo cng thc:
PMG= PBT - LC - LBF + GB - LP + GM - LMF(1)
Cng ca BTS l:
PBT = PMT - LMF + GM - LP - GD + GB + LBF (2)
Ly (1)-(2) ta thu -c:
PBT - LC - LBF + GB - LP + GB - LMF = PMT + GM - LP + GD -
LBF

Cng thc cn bng c th -c vit li:

PBT = PMT + GD + LC

Nu cng sut pht ca BTS u ln trn cng sut pht ca MS 1 gia
tr ng bng tng ca khuch i phn tp Angten BTS v suy hao truyn
qua cp.
L-u a cn bng:

MOBLE
[dBm]
BTS [dBm]
Khuch i
Angten
Cng sut
Pht
Cng sut
Pht
Suy hao -ng
truyn
Suy hao
feeder
Khuch i
phn tp
Angten
Cng sut thu
Cng sut thu
Khuch i
Angten

68

Tuy nhin trong thc t cng sut thu ca BTS v MS khc nhau do
cng sut cn bng trn c th vit li:

PBT = MT + GD + LC + PMR - PBR

V d tnh cng sut cho BTS vi cc thng s sau:
PBR = - 104 dBm
PMR = -102 dBm
LC = 3 dB
T = 2 W = 33 dB
GD = 3 dB
PBT = 33 + 3 + 3 +(-102) - (-104) = 41 dBm = 12,6 W

ng cng 8ut thu pht:

2W NDOOR 2W NCAR 2W
OUTDOOR
Rx V BTS MS BTS MS DTS MS
nhy thu dBm -104 -102 -104 -102 -104 -102
Suy hao cp ln dB 2,2 0 2,2 0 2,2 0
G
ix
dBi 11 3 11 3 11 0
G phn tp dBm 3 * 3 * 3 *
P bc x dB -115,8 -99 -115,8 -99 -115,8 -99

69
Mp mt trong ca dB 15 15 7 7 0 0
Mp pha inh log dB 5 5 5 5 5 5
Mp pha inh nhiu dB 3 3 3 3 3 3
Tng mt mp dB 23 23 15 15 8 8
P
tall
Angten dB -92,8 -76 -100,8 -84 -102,8 -94
Tx V BTS MS BTS MS BTS MS
P v Tx W 12,6 2,6 12,6 12,6 12,6 12,6
P v Tx dBm 41 33 41 33 41 33
L comb vic + feedz dB 3 0 3 0 3 0
L cab + connector dB 2,2 0 2,2 0 2,2 0
P max ti Angten dBm 39,8 * 39,8 * 35,8 *
G angten Tx dBi 11 3 11 3 11 3
ETRP dBm 46,8 36 46,8 30 46,8 30
L -ng truyn bc x dB 122,8 122,8 122,8 122,8 122,8 122,8

Cc thng s h thng:
* c thng 8G ell:
Mt Cell c rt nhiu thng s. Ngoi cc thng s c vai tr m t Cell
v knh Cell nh-:
+ Tn Ms ch ca Cell
+ Tn BSC ch ca Cell
+ Nhn dng Cell ton cu -c gi n MS
+ M nhn dng trm gc BSC : gm 2 phn
* Thng s v m mu PLMN (NCC)
* Thng s v m mu BTSC (BCC)
+ Cng sut sng mang BCCH ti tng khuch i cng sut
(PA)
- PSCWRB
+ Cng sut sng mng khc ti tng khuch i cng sut (PA)
- BSPWRT

70
+ S knh BCCH : BCCH - No
+ S knh SDCCH : SDCCH - No
+ Cc knh TCH : TCH - No
Cc thng s iu kin dch v, iu kin chuyn giao, iu kin truy
nhp.
* c thng 8G iu kin truy nhp :
Ph thuc vo l-u l-ng ca cc Cell c th cn thit thay i c
tnh cc knh BCCH, CCCH tng s kenh tm gi hoc khi gi ln tin
cho php thm nhp ti MS.
Mi knh CCH trong knh vt l thc hin mng thng tin tm gi o
mt nhm MS MODE trng, Mode ny gi l Mode tm gi. Mt a khung
BCCH/CCCH 51 khung c d-i 9 l-i CCCH khc nhau, mt khi dng gi
cc bn tin tm gi cho mt nhm MS. iu ny cho php trong Mode trng
ch nghe thng tin tm gi trn cc khi CCCH ca mnh v s tit kim -c
nng l-ng quy. Thng th-ng MS nghe BCCH mi khong 30s. CCCH c
th biu hin bng 3 thng s iu kin d-i y:
- BS - AG - Block - REB l thng s quy nh ca khi dnh ring cho
AGCH trong a khung 31 khung. Khi phi hp cc knh vt l khc
nhau vi mt s khi dnh cho PCH s gim xung. Tuy nhin cc khi
ny dng cho PCH c th dng cho AGCH nh-ng cc khi dng cho
AGCH khng th dng cho PCH, nn BS - AG - Block - RES th-ng
-c t v tr thp nht.. Khi s ton tin cho php thm nhp
tng hn mc bnh th-ng th cn t ring s khi cho AGCH
mng nhanh chng gi bn tin cho php thm nhp.
- BS - PA - MFRMS: Ch ra bao nhiu nhm tm gi c th tm li
trong mt s a khung nht nh (t 29khung) mi a khung c
51 khung c 9 khi CCCH iu ny c ngha l c th tr t 18
n 81 bn knh tm gi khac nhau.

71
- Cell - BAR - Access l mt c t trong mt Cell khi thng s ny
-c t th MS khng th thm nhp Cell, nh-ng yu cu cuc gi
khng -c chp nhn, cc cuc gi ang tn ti b bc b. C ny
-c t thi gian ph thuc vo cuc gi cui cng khi b tc
nghn. Khi mt Cell b BAR s c gng nhn mt -ng n cc
Cell ln cn. Mt MS cng c th b BAR cho mt s nhm thm
nhp nht nh. Cn phi ch rng khng -c qu nhiu Cell
ca mng b BAR cng mt thi gian m bo thu bao c th
thm nhp sang Cell khc d rng.
* c thng 8G nh l-ng:
- Cc thng s v cht l-ng TA (Tuning Adv,nce)
+ QLMDL : l thng s xc nh gi tr cht l-ng gii hn trn -ng
xung quyt nhchuyn giao.
+ QLMUL : l thng s xc nh cht l-ng gii hn trn -ng ln
quyt nh chuyn giao.
+ TALM : l gi tr thi gian -c ln nht m MS c th s
dngtrong Cell.
Khi ln hn gi tr ny yu cu chuyn giao -c quyt nh. Gi tr
ca n t 0 n 63. Nu TALM t =63 th s khng bao gi ngt -ng
ni ca Cell v TALM qu ln, TALM c th -c dng iu chnh kch
th-c ca trong tr-ng hp s thay i cc thng s ddinh v chun cho vic
lu chon tr nn kh khn.
t TALM = 63 t-ng ng vi bn knh ca Cell l 35 Km.
Mi thng s trn l mt trong cc thng s quyt nh chuyn giao s
thay i ca chng c th lin quan n kh nng chuyn giao chuyn giao
xu hay tt.
- c thng 8G pht:
Khi chuyn giao n mt Cell tht bi hoc khi mt Cell b b ni do
mt nguyn nhn cnh bo (ht l-ng kDm khi TALI qu ln), mt gi tr pht

72
-c t cho Cell ngay lp tc. Gi tr pht t-ng ng vi s dB nht nh
m sau mnh tn hiu s b tr i gi tr . Cc thng s dng
pht nh- sau:
+ PSSHF l pht c-ng tn hiu p t cho mt Cell m chuyn
giao ti va b tht bi.
+ PSSPQ l thng s pht c-ng tn hiu p t cho mt Cell b
ngt v tn hiu qu ln.
+ PSSTA l thng s pht c-ng tn hiu cho mt Cell v tn hiu
TA qu cao.
3 thng s trn y ly gi tr t 0 n 63 dB. Cc gi tr pht ch c
gi tr trong mt thi gian, sau s b loi b. Cc gi tr thi gian -c
nh ngha v t bi cc nh khai thc:
+ PTMHF l khong thi gian pht cho PSSHF
+ PTMBQ l khong thi gian pht cho PSSBQ
+ PTMTA l khong thi gian pht cho PSSTA
3 thng s ny c th ly gi tr t 0 n 60 QS
- c thng 8G lu chn ell:
+ BSPWR : l cng sut truyn trn cc tn s BCCH c th ly gi tr
t 0 n 80 dBm.
+ BSTXPWR l cng sut truyn trn cc sng mang khng phi l
BCCH c khong gi tr nh- BSPWR
+ MSTXPWR l cng sut pht ln nht ca MS -c s dng trong qu
trnh ni thng.
+ BSRXMN l cng sut tn hiu thu nh nht BTS xem st
Cell ny nh- mt ng c vin c th chuyn giao. N c th t gi tr t -
120dBm 0dBm.
+ MSRXMN l cng sut tn hiu thu nh nht MS quyt nh
ny nh- mt ng c vin c th chuyn giao. N cng t gi tr nh-
BSPRSMN.

73
+ BSRXSUEF l gi tr tn hiu yu cu va thu -c BTS t MS
xem xt Cell nay c xp xp theo phn bc suy hao -ng truynf . N c gi
tr -150dBm 0dBm.
+ MSRXSUEF l gi tr c-ng tn hiuyu cu va thu -c
MS t BTS xem xt Cell ny c th sp xp theo yu cu phn bc suy
hao -ng truyn.
+ K - hyst - abs : gi tr tr -c nh ngha chung cho tt c cc
vng mt BSC c-ng tn hiu cc ln c g tr ln hn ch khi ch
t ti gi tr s -c tr i gi tr ny.

Nu ta xt mt BTS ln cn l coi rng a hnh hon ton bng phng
th cc gi tr ti thiu v va BTS ny xc nh hai vng trn tm l
BTS. Vng gia hai vng trn b gii hn bi C/.
SUF
BTS
MN
Vng gii hn bi C/
Vng gii hn bi C/N
|
,
|
REL
ABS
hyst K
|
,
|
REL
ABS
hyst K
C-ng tn hiu
hiu chnh tr
C-ng tn hiu
hiu chnh tr
MN MN
SU SU
BT BT

74
Thng % tr l mt gi tr -c o bng dB m c-ng tn hiu ln
cn -c gim chnh chuyn giao Peng-Pong (khng n nh).
Khi nim ny -c o l tng thm yu cu c-ng tn hiu ln
cn.

+ C-ng tn hiu ( hiu chnh bng gi tr tr) ln hn mc s
-c phn cc theo suy hao -ng truyn ti thiu.
+ C-ng tn hiu ( hiu chnh bng gi tr tr) nh hn mc s
-c phn bc ca c-ng c-ng tn hiu.
Ta xt v d sau:

C-ng tr-ng
Gi tr tr
BTS2
BTS1
BTS
BTS

75
Nu MS :
- Vng 1: C 2 m bo c-ng tn hiu ln hn mc do
c hai -c phn bc theo suy hao -ng truyn.
- Vng 2: A m bo c-ng ss tn hiu ln hn mc v n
-c phn bc theo suy hao -ng truyn, cn B c-ng tn
hiu thp hn mc v -c phn bc theo tn hiu.
- Vng 3,4: C hai phn bc theo tiu chun c-ng tn hiu.
- c thng 8G tnh ton chuyn gi,o:
Ngoi cc thng s xc nh chuyn giao nh cc ng-ng k trn,
khi chuyn giao BSC cn phi cn c vo nhn t h thng, -u tin
chuyn giao, cc yu t v ti BSC.
- HO Mogan l thng s -c nh ngha nh- gi tr tr cho chuyn
giao gia hai Cell. Tc dng phc v khi tnh ton gi tr quyt nh
chuyn giao. Bi v chuyn giao trong tr-ng hp khng thnh cng s
gy nh h-ng ti h thng v cht l-ng h thng. Nu coi Cell phc
v v Cell ln cn nh- nhau th vic chuyn giao sang mt Cell mi
khng c nhiu tc ng so vi cc hn ch do chuyn giao gy ra.
Tnh ton chuyn giao s ch ra tt nht trng cc Cell ng c chuyn
giao. Nu chn HO - alogin thch hp s cho php chuyn giao gia hai
Cell -c tt, trnh -c chuyn giao qua li v khi qua bin gii gia 2
Cell trnh -c s chuyn giao tht bi.
- Link - factor - Nhn t -ng ni: Thng s ny cho php kh nng -u
tin khi xt chuyn giao cc Cell cng BSC, cng MSC. Nu cc Cell cng
ni th nn chon Link-factor = 0 nu khc BSC th nn t n nh hn
0, nu MSC th c th t nh hn na.
- Load factor - Nhn t ti: L mc ti ca BSC phn theo gi tr t -
16 n 0

76
- Free factor - Nhn t ri : L mc ri ca BTS phn theo gi tr t 16
n 0.
Th tc chuyn giao -c quyt nh bi BSC theo nh k hoc do
cc gi tr ng-ng v mnh tins hiu thu hay cht l-ng tn hiu c -ng
ln v -ng xung, nu TA>TALM. Thut ton sau y s cho php tm ra
mt Cell tt hn chuyn giao:
Tnh ton cc gi tr v cng sut v cp ca Cell ln cn PDGT
(Power Bydqet T) v GRADE.
PDGT (adj)=MSTXPWRMAX(sez)-AVTXPWR-PDGT(sez)
- MSTXPWRMAX(adj)+AXRLEL(adj)-
- BSTXPWRMAX(sez)+BSTPWR(sez).
adj: gi tr cho cc Cell ln cn.
sez: gi tr cho Cell phc v.
MSTXPWRMAX: Cng sut ln nht MS s dng.
AVTXPWR: Cng sut pht trung bnh MS
AVRXLEL: Mc thu trung bnh MS
BSTXPWRMAX: Cng sut pht ln nht BTS
BSTXPWR: Cng sut pht BTS
Tnh ton GRADE cho Cell ln cn:
GRADE(adj)=MAX (PBGT(adj)-60+Link factor+Lad factor(adj)-Load
abc(sez)+Free factor(adj)-Free factor(sez)
BSC c trch nhim tnh ton tt c cc gi tr n khi nhn -c kt qu
do, cc iu kin sau -c kim nghim (2 iu kin) cho nu Cell ln cn
cho ng c vin chuyn giao .
b ADVXLEL(adj) + MAX(0, MSTXPWRMAX) (adj) - P)

77
b PBG (adj) > Ho Mazgin
P : cng sut ra ln nht ca MS.
2-3-4: Cc thng s o c v s l ti BT$ v B$C:
cho qu trnh chon la v chuyn giao -c tt th MS lun lun o
c cc s liu v -ng truyn . S hiu naydf -c gi BSC so snh v
sp xp. Ngoi cc thng s BSC, nhn dng knh, thi gian loi knh, s TS.
Cc s sau -c -a v BSC.
- BSPWR: Cng sut pht ca BTS ti thi im o
- MSPWR: Cng sut pht ca MS ti thi im o
- DTXDL: Ch ra cho php s dng truyn dn gin on trn -ng
xung khng.
- DTXUL: Ch ra cho php s dng truyn dn gin on trn -ng
ln khng.
- RXLEVDL: Cha tn hiu thu trn -ng ln o ti MS ti thi im
o cho Cell ln cn v Cell phc v.
- RXLEVUL: Mc cht l-ng tn hiu thu trn -ng xung ti MS ti
thi im o cho Cell ln cn v Cell phc v.
- RXQUALUL: Mc cht l-ng tn hiu thu trn -ng ln ti MS ti thi
im o cho Cell ln cn.

78
"uy hoch gii php ca ERIC$

No
1- H thng
2 - H thng
tip gip
3-Nhu cu
v vng ph
sng
4-D liu
v a
hnh
5- S
chun quy
hoch
6-D on vng
ph sng bng my
tnh
7-Quy hoch
tn s
D on C/ D on
phn tn
bng my tnh thi gian
9-Kim
tra BTS
10-Kim tra
vng ph v
C/
11-Cng c
v khi dng
h thng

ph sng
OK?

Tm tn s mi
kim tra

BTS
OK?

C/(A++R)
OK?

C/
OK?

Vng ph v C/
OK?

No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
694.;;1

79
CHNG III
Ph-ng n tnh ton ti -u ho mng truyn dn

T cu trc tng th truyn dn mngGSM ( $/ $/ T$ ) ta c
th phn tnh ti -u ho mng truyn dn thnh :
Tnh ton ti -u cc cng on truyn dn GSM
Tnh ton ti -u mng truyn dn v tuyn .
I Ph-ng n tnh ton ti -u ho mng truyn dn GSM
Phn BSS bao gm 3 phn chnh :
Thit b trm gc thu pht ( T$ ), cung cp chc nng thu pht v
tuyn cho mt (ell )
Thit b iu khin trm gc thu pht ( $ ), hot dng nh- l b iu
khin ca BSS
Thit b chuyn i m truyn dn ( T ), cung cp thch ng tc
truyn dn.
Cc thit b nu trn -c kt ni vi nhau bi h thng truyn dn
(T$$), cung cp lp vt l v lp kt ni d liu cho giao tip ni b. TSS bao
gm :
Thit b giao tip trm gc thu pht ( IE ), cung cp giao tip Abis.
Thit b ghp knh ( $ ), cung cp cc chc nng trn cc giao tip
trn cc Abis v Ater.
Thit b truyn dn ( T ), cung cp kt ni vt l truyn tn
hiu trn -ng PCM 2 Mbit/s.
BSC, BTS v TC -c kt ni theo cc cch khc nhau tu thuc vo
BTS t chung vi BSC hoc t ring , TC t chung vi BSC hay MSC.

80
Ti cung on truyn dn BSC- BTS thit b truyn dn BE ng vai
tr quan trng do chc nng BE -c m t k phn ny .
Tng quan thit b BIE
Thit b giao tip trm gc thu pht BE l mt m dun ca thit b
truyn dn trong phn h v tuyn BSS.
Mc ch ca BE l -c ni vi trm BTS xa ti BSC mt cch linh hot ,
trong sut v s dng hiu qu cc thit b truyn dn .
Cu trc truyn dn BSS da trn phn cp truyn s 2048 kbit/s v
64 kbit/s . BE ng vai tr l b ghp gia giao tip BS v giao tip mng
truyn dn G703/704. ( Giao tip Abis )
Giao tip BS
Trong tr-ng hp BSC v BTS t gn nhau giao tip trm gc ( BS )
-c s dng .
Giao tip BS l giao tip bn trong -c thc hin bi chun V.11.


81

Hnh: Cu trc khung giao tip BS

Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Frame unit
Not used all ones
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Not used all ones
LAP D
Q1 All ONE
spare all ones
BTS O&M
A) full rate
Bit
TS
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Not used all ones
Frame unit
Not used all ones
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Not used all ones
LAP D
Q1 All ONE
spare all ones
BTS O&M
B) half rate
Bit
TS
TCH6
TCH7
TCH5
TCH4
TCH2
TCH3
TCH1
TCH0
TCH1
2
TCH1
4
TCH1
0
TCH8
TCH4
TCH6
TCH2
TCH0
TCH1
5
TCH1
3
TCH1
1
TCH9
TCH7
TCH5
TCH3
TCH1

82
Nu BE -c s dng tng khong cch gia BSC v BTS th giao
tip BS s tn ti gia:
BTS v BE.
- BSC v BE.
V lc tn hiu giao tip l:
- ng h 4096 kHz.
- Tn hiu ng b khung 8 kHz.
- D liu h-ng pht.
- D liu h-ng thu.
3 Giao tip ABIS
Giao tip ca BE -c hnh thnh trn c s giao tip G703/G704 -c
gi l giao tip Abis. Vic tch ghp knh ph thuc vo tng loi BE, nh-ng
c mt s loi ghp knh c bn:
- Ghp knh thoi m ho (hay cn gi l cc khung TRAU) da trn
tng cm 2 bit.
- Bn cnh cch khung TRAU, mt knh bo hiu trn mt n v khung
cn mt knh 64 kb/s.
- Mt octet cng -c s dng cho mc ch khai thc bo d-ng O&M
ca BTS.
- Mt s knh cn thit cho O&M ca BE.
Chc nng ca BIE
BE c cc chc nng chnh nh- sau:
- Thit b ghp knh gia giao tip BS v giao tip Bbis (giao tip
truyn dn mng G703/G704). Tch ghp cc knh thoi, bo hiu, O&M ca
BSS gia giao tip BS v giao tip 2048 kb/s Abis.

83
- Cho php xy cc -ng truyn dn tc cao nhng ni cn thit.
- C kh nng to tn hiu ng b cho BTS.
- nh tuyn LapD gia BSC v TSC (b iu khin chuyn i m v
tch ghp knh).
Cu hnh s dng BIUM
a. Tng qut
n v giao tip trm gc 2Mb/s (BU2M) l mt modul ca BE. Mc
ch ca BU2M l ni trm BTS xa vi BSC v cng tit kim cc
-ng truyn dn 2Mb/s.
Hnh v m t vic sp xp cc knh traffic full rate v half rate trn
-ng truyn dn 2Mb/s.
Vi thit b BU2M, cho php n nh cc i 96 knh half rate trn
mt -ng 2 Mb/s hoc 80 knh full rate trn -ng 2Mb/s.
Tc bit ca knh thoi trn -ng Abis l 16 Kb/s cho c half rate v
full rate. Trong tr-ng hp full rate mi n v khung FU c 7 knh 8 knh.
Knh SDCCH cng chim mt khe 16 Kb/s trn mt n v khung (FU).
Hnh v m t nguyn l s dng BU2M gia BTS v BSC. Giao tip
gia BSC, BTS vi BU2M -c gi l giao tip BS. Ti pha BTS n giao tip
vi cc n v khung (FU) hoc n v khai thc v bo d-ng (OMU). Ti
pha BSC n giao tip vi TCUA (n v iu khin thit b u cui A).
BSC c th -c cu hnh to ra cc u mi redundancy 2Mb/s
gia cc trm BTS v BSC. Hnh v m t vic s dng BU2M c d phng
gia BSC v BTS.


84
TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3
NOT ALLOCATED
NOT ALLOCATED
BTS O&M CHANNEL 2
FRAME UNT 9 SGNALLNG
BTS O&M CHANNEL 1
a) Full rate
TS 0 NFO 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bit
TS
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
TCH 8 TCH 9 TCH1
0
TCH1
1
TCH1
2
TCH1
3
TCH1
4
TCH1
5
TCH 0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3
TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7
TCH8 TCH9 TCH1
0
TCH1
1
TCH1
2
TCH1
3
TCH1
4
TCH1
5
TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3
TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7
TCH8 TCH9 TCH1
0
TCH1
1
TCH1
2
TCH1
3
TCH1
4
TCH1
5
TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3
TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7
TCH8 TCH9 TCH1
0
TCH1
1
TCH1
2
TCH1
3
TCH1
4
TCH1
5
TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3
TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7
NOT ALLOCATED
NOT ALLOCATED
BTS O&M CHANNEL 2
BTS O&M CHANNEL 1
b) Half rate
TS 0 NFO 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bit
TS
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
TCH8 TCH9 TCH1
0
TCH1
1
TCH1
2
TCH1
3
TCH1
4
TCH1
5
Frame
Unit
No.1
Frame
Unit
No.2
Frame
Unit
No.3
Frame
Unit
No.4
Frame
Unit
No.5
Frame
Unit
No.1
Frame
Unit
No.2
Frame
Unit
No.3
Frame
Unit
No.4
Frame
Unit
No.5
Frame
Unit
No.6
Frame
Unit
No.7
Frame
Unit
No.8
Frame
Unit
No.9

85
FU
FU
FU
FU
FU
FU
OMU
SMBS SMH
W
SMH
W
SMBS
TCUA
TCUA

BSC

TCUA
TSC
OETM
Priter
VDU
CM
C
0
BU2M
2M
HGHWAY
40 to 80
traffic
channels
0
8 8
BU2M
LATD Q1
BS
nterface
BT
S
Hnh 2.4: Nguyn l s dng ca
BU2M

86

SMBS

SMHW

SMHW

SMBS
2M
Highway
HW No.1
BU2M 1 BU2M 1

SMBS

SMHW

SMHW

SMBS
2M
Highway
HW No.3
BU2M 3 BU2M 3

SMBS

SMHW

SMHW

SMBS
2M
Highway
HW RED
BU2M RED BU2M RED
FU
FU
FU
BT
CMU
CMU

SMBS
BS
TCUA
TCUA
DMC

TSC
O & M
Printer
CL
Q.1 LATD

87
b. M t chc nng
b.1. Cc chc nng c bn
BU2M ghp cc knh thoi, bo hiu, cc knh O&M ca giao tip BS ln
-ng 2Mb/s. N c 2 giao tip G703 (giao tip Abis) v cc i 2x8 giao tip
BS vi BTS hoc BSC (hoc 3x8 trong cu hnh BU2M c d phng).
Trn giao tip Abis ca BU2M, cc knh -c truyn trong cc khung
G704. Khe thi gian 0 -c s dng nh- quy nh trong khuyn ngh G704.
Knh O&M cho BE cng -c truyn trn khe thi gian 0. 31 TS cn li -c s
dng cho thoi bo hiu v cc knh O&M ca OMU.
Hnh 2.7 m t chun s dng cc khe thi gian. S cc i cc knh
traffic dnh cho Half rate l 96 knh (mt knh O&M) hoc 80 knh (ba knh
O&M).
Th t sp xp cc TS -c l-u gi trong EEPROM, th t ny c th
-c thay i thng qua giao tip Q1 O&M. Vic thay i th t khe thi
gian ny s lm gin on lin lc.
Cc knh bo hiu chnh chim khe thi gian 17. Khe thi gian 18 l
knh d phng, n c th s dng cho bo hiu FU trong tr-ng hp cc knh
traffic t 2 FU -c ni n mt TCUA.
Cc knh O&M -c ni vi TS31. Khe thi gian 28 c th -c s dng lm
knh O&M loi LapD gia TSC v BSC. Knh O&M loi Q1 c th -c truyn
trn 4 bit u ca TS29.


88

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 TS0 info 0 TS0 info
1 1
FU1 TCH (8)
1
FU1 TCH (8)
2 2 2
3 3

3
4 8 4 4
5 c Not in use
(all binary 1)
5
FU2 TCH (8)
5
FU2 TCH (8)
6 h 6 6
7 a 7

7
8 n 8 8
9 n 9
FU3 TCH (8)
9
FU3 TCH (8)
10 e 10 10
11 l 11

11
12 s 12 12
13 13
FU4 TCH (8)
13
FU4 TCH (8)
14 14 14
15 15

15
16 16 16
17 FU SG 17
FU5 TCH (8)
17
FU5 TCH (8)
18 18 18
19 19

19
20 20 20
21 Not in use
(all binary 1)
21
FU6 TCH (8)
21
FU6 TCH (8)
22 22 22
23 23 23
24 24 24
25 25 FU6SG 25 FU6SG
29 LAPD/TSC 29 FU2SG 29 FU2SG

89
30 Q.
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 30
FU1SG
30
FU1SG
31 OETM 31 OET M 31 OET M
Hnh2.7. Chun s dng cc khe thi gian giao tip Abis
b.2. Cc chc nng O&M
Thit b BU2M (trn card giao tip Abis) c mt vi x l lm nhim v
iu khin v gim st thit b v gim st lung (cu hnh, ng b khung,
kim tra m vng...). BU2M tch cc knh Q1 t pha giao tip Abis v giao
tip BS.
B iu khin chuyn i m v ghp knh lin tc qut cc thit b
BU2M s dng giao tip trong Q1 hoc thng qua cc knh O&M Q1
kim tra cc s thay i cnh bo, v khi c cnh bo xy ra cc bin php x
l li s -c quyt nh. Cc thng tin ny -c truyn ti BSC.
Vic thit lp v iu khin -c thc hin bng cch s dng cc
thit b u cui ni ti bus dch v (giao tip Q1).
Cu hnh s dng BIUMD
a. Tng qut
BUMD l mt modul ca BE, n cho php nh khai thc dch v di
ng kh nng thit k truyn dn n cc trm BTS theo cu hnh ring
hoc lultidrop.
BUMD cho php tch cc knh cho mt trm v truyn tip cc knh cn
li cho cc trm khc trn giao tip Abis.
BUMD -c lp li ti tt c cc trm BTS dc theo cu hnh ring hoc
multidrop nh- theo hnh v 2.8.


90
II
BSC
BTS
BTS BTS
BTS BTS
3
1 2
4 5
BUMD 2M WTH BUMD
BS BS
BS
BS BS
BS
Hnh 2.8: Cu hnh multidrop

91
IIPh-ng n tnh ton ti -u ho mng truyn dn vi ba
C hai loi truyn dn gia BSC v cc trm gc thu pht BTS:
- Thu knh truyn dn: dng kt ni t BSC ti cc trm ph sng ti
cc Tnh.
- S dng thit b Viba: thng th-ng kt ni BSC ti cc trm BTS
trong thnh ph c s l-ng ln cc trm BTS.
Trong mc ny chng ta i su v tnh ton ti -u ho mng truyn dn
Viba.
tnh ton ti -u ho mng truyn dn Viba cn thit phi gm cc b-c
sau:
- Lp k hoch mng.
- Lp k hoch tuyn.
- S dng cc phn mm thit k ti -u ho mng.
Lp k hoch mng truyn dn Viba
M t
Mc ch ca ch-ng ny cung cp m t ngn gn:
- Vic lp k hoch mng truyn dn v tuyn.
- Cc thnh phn chnh ca lp k hoch mng.
- C ch lan truyn sng v tuyn lin quan n vic lp k hoch
mng.
- Cc thnh phn chnh v cc i t-ng ca vic lp k hoch v thit
k.
Lp k hoch mng l qui trnh bao gm 4 b-c chnh: Lp k hoch,
kho st, thit k lp t v o kim tra.
- Lp k hoch: H-ng chung ca cc b-c lp k hoch bao gm: dung
l-ng knh, phn b tn s, cht l-ng truyn tin v la chn cc thnh phn
v tuyn hp l.
- Kho st: lin quan n b-c u tin ca thit k. Bao gm 2 hot
ng: kho st bn v kho st thc t.

92
- Thit k: Thit k l b-c lin quan n mng thc t. Tt c cc yu
cu kh nng v cht l-ng cn phi -c p ng vi thit b ang c.
t -c kt qu cui cng cc cng vic tnh ton -ng lan truyn
v nhiu cn thit phi -c thc hin.
B-c ny bao gm quyt nh cui cng v nhng chun b cho cng
vic lp t phn cng.
- o kim tra: y l b-c cui cng.
Sau y l tm tt bn cht sng Viba v s lan truyn sng trong
khng gian cn -c truy xt trong vic lp k hoch mng Viba.
Lan truyn sng V tuyn
1.2.1. Qu,n h gi, b-c 8ng v tn 8G
B-c sng v tn s sng in t quan h theo cng thc sau:
2 = c/f
trong :
c: vn tc lan truyn sng in t trong chn khng = 3.10
8
m/s.
f: tn s (Hz).
2: b-c sng (m).
Nu tnh tn s theo MHz: 2 = 300/f.
1.2.2. Tnh cht l,n truyn 8ng
Lan truyn sng v tuyn nh h-ng bi nhiu yu t:
1. nh h-ng tn s: nh h-ng quan trng n lan truyn sng ch yu
ph thuc vo gii tn. Tn s Viba nh h-ng nhiu do yu t a hnh v
kh hu. Tuy nhin i vi tn s trn 6 GHz nh h-ng ca hp th kh v ht
m-a cn -c tnh n. Ti tn s trn 10 GHz nh h-ng ln do m-a v trn
23 GHz nh h-ng ln do hp th kh.
2. nh h-ng ca a hnh: Nu sng v tuyn lan truyn gn mt
t, tnh cht ca n b chi phi bi tnh cht in t tr-ng tri t v bi
mt ct a hnh, k c cy ci v nh ca.

93
3. nh h-ng tng i l-u: Cc phn t kh ca kh quyn nh h-ng ti
s lan truyn sng v tuyn bi hp th nng l-ng v s khng ng nht h
s khc x. S khng ng nht h s khc x gy nn phn x v tn x.
ln ca nh h-ng ph thuc vo tn s.
4. nh h-ng phading nhiu tia hoc phading Rayleigh: Tn hiu thu to
nn bi nhiu thnh phn n antenna theo nhiu h-ng khc nhau. Cc
thnh phn c th pha v bin khc nhau, quan h hai chiu c th thay
i theo thi gian, nh h-ng nhiu tia l kt qu ca phn x bi nh ca,
b mt tri t, gia cc tng i l-u. Hiu ng nhiu tia qua phn x t-ng
ng vi phading nhanh, c th lm gim cht l-ng tuyn nghim trng.
Tm li: Tt c 4 yu t tc ng ti -ng truyn, qua quyt nh
kch th-c tuyn.
1.2.3. cu l,n truyn
Ph thuc iu kin kh hu v a hnh, sng v tuyn c th lan
truyn trn cc -ng khc nhau, c th sinh ra suy gim. iu quan trng
trong thit k v tuyn l phi nh gi -c suy gim ca tn hiu pht gia
my pht v my thu.
nh gi suy gim tn hiu pht gia my pht v my thu, iu quan
trng l phn loi c ch lan truyn theo:
- Lan truyn trong khng gian t do.
- Khc x.
- Nhiu x.
- Phn x v tn x.
- Hp th.
1.2.4. $uy h,o -ng truyn trong khng gi,n t do
Lan truyn trong khng gian t do ngha l sng in t lan truyn
trong mi tr-ng ng nht. Suy hao -ng truyn trong khng gian t do
-c xem l suy hao thp nht gia mt b pht v mt b thu. Thng th-ng
suy hao gy nn bi cc c ch lan truyn khc -c suy xt k hn.

94
V c bn tnh ton suy hao -ng truyn trong khng gian t do theo
ngun ng h-ng ti 2 trm. Nu ngun ng h-ng -c thay th bi dipol
1/2 b-c sng hoc cc antenna khc c tng tch, tnh ton s -c iu
chnh theo tng tch.
1.2.5. Khc x
Khc x qua kh quyn xy ra do sng v tuyn truyn lan vi tc
khc nhau trn cc khi khc nhau ca mi tr-ng vi tnh cht in tr-ng khc
nhau. Sng v tuyn truyn lan chm trong kh quyn vi hng s in mi
cao hn so vi hng s in mi trong khng gian t do.
Hng s in mi ph thuc p lc nhit v mt kh ca khng
kh. Thng th-ng gi tr ny gim khi cao tng. Do sng in t truyn
lan trong mi tr-ng c hng s in mi thp nhanh hn trong mi tr-ng c
hng s in mi cao, phn trn ca mt sng c xu h-ng truyn lan nhanh
hn phn d-i, gy nn s cong xung ca bp sng. Trong kh quyn ng
nht theo mt phng, thay i theo chiu thng ng ca cc thng s
kh quyn (h s in mi) tuyn tnh. iu ny gy nn s un cong bp
sng lin tc, bp sng b un cong tuyn tnh t lp khng kh mng sang
lp khng kh dy, theo cong b mt qu t.
C mt s lin h gia bn knh cong bp sng v bn knh qu t.
Bn knh cong bp sng th-ng -c gi l bn knh hu hiu ca mt
t. chnh l quan h gia h s bn knh hu hiu mt t (k) v h
s khc x kh quyn. iu c ngha h s knh tnh ton cho s chch
h-ng ca -ng thng ni 2 im ring bit trong kh quyn. Nu kh
quyn c th -c m t bi h s k, bp sng gia 2 im no c th
-c biu hin l -ng thng.
Nh- nu trn, s cong ca bp sng t-ng quan vi h s khc x ca
kh quyn hay cn gi l khc x N.

95
khc x ph thuc vo p lc, nhit v mt kh quyn. S
thay i theo cao trong kh quyn -c gi l bin thin ca khc x
v lin quan ti bn knh mt t.
Trong thc t, bin thin trung bnh trn km th nht so vi mt
t khong - 40N n v/km, dn n h s mt t khong 4/3 = 1,333
v bn knh hu hiu qu t khong 8500km. bin thin h s khc x
m c ngha khc x gim theo cao kh quyn.
Tp hp hiu ng khc x v nhiu x gy nn suy hao vt chn.
1.2.6. Nhiu x
Nhiu x c th xut hin v lm tng suy hao -ng truyn nu kch
th-c ca vt chn gia my pht v my thu ln so vi b-c sng v tuyn, nh
h-ng nhiu x nhanh v mnh hn vi s tng ca vt chn i vi tn s trn
1000 MHz. Nhiu x c th lm cho tuyn khng th thc hin -c.
Suy hao truyn dn do vt chn ph thuc vo tnh cht nhiu ca
vt chn v vo khu vc ca bp sng b chn so vi ton b khu vc ca
mt tr-c sng. Do cn thit phi cung cp khong trong sng -ng
truyn cho vic ngn chn suy hao -ng truyn.
Suy hao -ng truyn trn a hnh phc tp l hm s phc tp ca
tn s, qung -ng, mt cy ci.
1.2.7. Phn x v tn x
Khi sng in t gp b mt n c th b phn x. Sng phn x phu
thuc vo tn s, gc ti v tnh cht in ca b mt.
Nng l-ng c th -c pht i hoc hp th bi b mt, v sng b
phn x theo h-ng mi.
Ti antenna thu xut hin hai thnh phn: tia trc tip v tia phn x.
Tn hiu ti u thu i vi gi tr bt k ca h s phn x s dao ng v
i qua gi tr cc i, cc tiu. Bin dao ng ph thuc cc tham s

96
quyt nh s khc pha: cao antenna, di tuyn, h s bn knh hiu
dng qu t v tn s.
1.2.8. $ hp th
Ti tn s trn 10 GHz, s lan truyn sng v tuyn qua kh quyn
qu t chu nh h-ng bi s hp thu nng l-ng in t bi kh n-c v cc
xit.
Suy hao hp th ca cc xit ln i vi tn s 50 70 GHz. Suy hao
hp th ca kh n-c ln nht i vi tn s khong 23 GHz.
1.2.9. $uy h,o do m-,
Tn x v hp th ca sng v tuyn bi ht m-a gy nn suy hao. Trn
thc t suy hao do m-a quan trng nht i vi tn s trn 10 GHz.
i vi mt ln (30 mm/h) v tn s cao (20 GHz) phn cc ngang c
th b suy hao ln hn phn cc ng khong 0,5 dB/km.
1.2.10. Ph,ding
Nhiu nh h-ng c th gy ra suy hao tn hiu mc d trm ca
-ng truyn v tuyn vn nm trong tm nhn thng. Nu tm nhn
thng ca h thng gn b mt qu t vi nhng vt chn rng hoc
nh ni suy hao vt chn rt ln mc d trong tm nhn thng. Nu c
nhng thay i h s bn knh qu t do khc x, tuyn truyn dn kh
trnh phading nhiu x/khc x.
Khi tuyn tm nhn thng xa b mt tri t suy hao nhiu x s t,
th nh-ng vn xut hin phading do giao thoa gia tia trc tip v tia gin
tip. Hiu ng nhiu tia c th lm tng phading nhanh.
S quan trng ca phading do m-a v do hiu ng nhiu tia ph thuc
vo tn s, kh hu v di tuyn. Ni chung nhiu tia l nh h-ng
chnh i vi tn s d-i 10 GHz v m-a ln nh h-ng chnh ti tn s trn 10
GHz.

97
Lp k hoch tuyn
Mt s vn cn -c thc hin cung cp d liu u vo cho
ch-ng trnh thit k tuyn tr-c khi mng Viba -c lp t. D liu -c to
nn t cc yu t nh- a hnh, kh hu, d liu thit b v cu hnh trm.
Lp k hoch tn s l mt yu t quan trng khi lp k hoch mng
Viba.
Nhng yu cu thit k 1 tuyn Viba: mt ct a hnh, tm nhn
thng, tn hiu u vo...
2.1. Thit k ban u
Lp k hoch 1 tuyn truyn dn Viba lun lun bt u bng kho
st mng v chc nng mng m tuyn mi phi cung cp.
Da trn c s ny ng-i thit k c hiu bit quyt nh tiu
chun no cn -c cung cp trong lc quyt nh kch th-c tuyn theo yu
cu.
Lp k hoch mng ni chung da trn yu cu khai thc ca mng. iu
c th -c m t nh- sau:
- Cht l-ng truyn dn.
- Kh nng ca truyn dn.
- Yu cu v dung l-ng truyn dn.
nh h-ng ca nhng yu cu ny trong qu trnh to kch th-c tuyn
Viba ph thuc vo cu hnh v kch th-c mng. Mi tuyn trong mng phi
c kh nng v cht l-ng gi s kt ni nguyn vn trong s gii hn
ca tiu chun thit k.
2.2. Tm nhn thng

98
Gii bng tn cho Viba yu cu tm nhn thng gia cc antenna. Vt
chn s gy nn suy hao v c th lm cho tuyn khng thc hin -c. Vt
chn c th l a hnh (nh ni), cy ci, nh ca...
Tm nhn thng v tuyn: Kh quyn tri t nh h-ng ti s lan
truyn sng v tuyn bng nhiu con -ng. Sng v tuyn truyn vi cc
tc khc nhau trong cc khi khc nhau ca kh quyn, s khc nhau ca
tnh cht in t gy nn s khc x.
Do s khc x trong kh quyn sng v tuyn th-ng b un cong
xung, to nn qung -ng ln hn tia i thng.
t ct , hnh:
Mc ch ca mt ct a hnh l cung cp thng tin lin quan n
tm nhn thng gia cc trm -c chn, v quyt nh c trong sng
chng li suy hao vt chn. Mt ct a hnh -c s dng xc nh
phading ca tn hiu thu.
n bng -ng truyn dn:
Cn bng -ng truyn dn cn -c chun b tnh ton mc tn
hiu thu trong thi im khng c phading. d tr tng hp tt c suy hao
v khuych i ca tn hiu gia u ra b pht v u vo b thu.
Ph,ding
Tn hiu vo khi thu thay i vi thi gian do nh h-ng ca phading.
Tn hiu vo tnh ton vi d tr tuyn ch c gi tr trong tr-ng hp
khng phading. Tuyn cn phi -c thit k sao cho c th cung cp
bin cho ng-ng thu, gi l bin phading.
Yu cu bin phading -c quyt nh gin tip bng tiu chun thit
k -c cng nhn. Thng th-ng bin phading nm trong khong 25dB v
40dB. a hnh, kh hu v di tuyn l nhn t quyt nh cho
nhy phading ca tuyn truyn dn Viba.

99
Kho 8t trm v tuyn:
Trong qu trnh lp k hoch tuyn Viba phi thc hin vic kho st
mc ch nh gi chn tm nhn thng. Trm v ct antenna cn phi -c
kim tra v khong trng ngun...
3 Lp k hoch tn s
Mc ch ca vic lp k hoch tn s l s dng s l-ng t tn s
cho mng t -c mc nhiu thp khng nh h-ng ti kh nng tuyn
truyn dn Viba. Lp k hoch tn s cho mng khng b nhiu v mt
kinh t kh thc hin. Trong nhiu tr-ng hp lp k hoch tn s tnh ton
vi mc nhiu cho php cao nht 3dB so vi ng-ng thu. iu lm cho bin
phading phi hn yu cu 3dB.
Lp k hoch tn s cn xem xt nhiu ti trm v nhiu pha xa.
Nhiu xa l tp m khng mong mun gia b pht v b thu khng
cng mt trm. Khong cch gia ngun pht nhiu v b thu nhiu c th t
trm mt n 10km. B pht ngun nhiu s gy nn nhiu nghim trng nu
b ny pht cng tn s vi tn s b thu. Tr-ng hp ny gi l nhiu knh
chung. Yu cu t s tn hiu trn tp m C/ bnh th-ng cho knh chung l -
20dB. Trong mt s tr-ng hp nhiu nghim trng c th xut hin nu tn
s tn hiu gy nhiu khc vi tn s tn hiu mong mun. Tr-ng hp ny
gi l nhiu knh ln cn. Yu cu t s tn hiu trn tp m C/ bnh th-ng
cho knh ln cn l -15dB.
Yu cu quan h C/ ph thuc vo rng bng ca ngun pht nhiu
so vi rng bng ca b thu nhiu.
Lp k hoch mt mng "khng b nhiu t xa yu cu hiu bit tt
v tnh trng a hnh ca trm, cu hnh ca trm, cu hnh v kch th-c
tuyn, thng s thit b, la chn tn s mng hin ti v m hnh truyn
sng gia ngun pht nhiu v b thu nhiu. Nhiu t xa th-ng l thng s

100
gia gii hn nu quyt nh mt tuyn s ni vi bao nhiu tuyn trong mt
mng hnh sao. Antenna tt s to iu kin tt cho vic lp k hoch mng.
Mt s im chung cn xem xt trong qu trnh lp k hoch tn s:
- Lp li tn s: lp li tn s cng nhiu cng tt.
- Antenna cht l-ng cao: T s F/B cao v chn bp ph tt.
Bo m kinh t tn s.
- Khng s dng cng sut pht cao hn cn thit.
- Nu cn nhc gia la chn tng cng sut pht hay rng
antenna nn chn antenna rng nu c th.
2.4. Phn mm thit k mng truyn dEn Viba
Hin ti mt s phn mm thit k ang -c s dng cho vic thit
k cc tuyn Viba. Trong ti ny ch gii thiu phn mm c th s
dng cho c mng GSM v mng truyn dn Viba. Ch-ng trnh phn mm
PlaNET cho php lp k hoch v ti -u ho mng thng tin di ng. Mt chc
nng ca ch-ng trnh ny dnh cho vic thit k v ti -u ho mng truyn
dn Viba:
- To v nhp d liu cc tuyn Viba.
- Hin th cc tuyn Viba -c chn v min Fresnel.
- Tnh ton v hin th min trong sng gia cc min Fresnel v mt
ct a hnh.
- Hin th thng tin thit k tuyn Viba trn d liu tuyn.
Chc nng thit k Viba -c s dng trong menu Tool ca ch-ng
trnh PlaNET.
Chn Tool => Mirowave Tool. Mn hnh s hin th:
- Menu File: cho php np v in d liu Viba v cc chc nng lin
quan.

101
- Menu Setting: cho php kim tra hin th v format ca d
liu Viba.
- Menu Tool: cho php s dng cc chc nng ring ca Viba nh-
tnh ton dung l-ng tuyn.
S dng mt ct a hnh
Chn DSPLAY => PROFLER vo ca s profiler. hin th
mt ct a hnh ca 1 tuyn Viba hin c cn chn ALONG
MCROWAVE LNK t menu MODE. la chn tuyn nhn chut gn
im xut pht ca tuyn.
Cc thng s sau s -c hin th trn profiler:
- Tm nhn thng ca tuyn.
- Khong cch ton tuyn.
- Thng s ca trm: S nhn dng, V tr, Gc, cao antenna,
cao a hnh.
- Thng s tuyn: H s K, di tuyn, Min Fresnel, Tn s.
Nu tuyn Viba ch-a tn ti, c th hin th mt ct a hnh ca
tuyn gia 2 trm. Chuyn ch sang MW STE TO MW STE. Nhn chut
ti 2 trm hin th mt ct a hnh. Cho php hin th cao ti -u
ca antenna, tn s v min Fresnel:
- cao antenna: ly t cao trm hoc t ng tnh ton.
- Tn s: ly t chc nng t ng tnh ton.


102

CHNG IV:
Tnh ton v qui hoch mng thng tin di ng s ti Min Bc
S l-c tnh hnh pht trin thng tin di ng ni chung v thng tin di ng
ni ring ti Vit Nam
Trong nhng nm gn y , nn kinh t n-c ta ang b-c vo thi k
si ng nht k t tr-c ti nay . Tc tng tr-ng kinh t hng nm l 8%
v nn kinh t ang b-c dn vo cng nghip ho . ng thi vi s pht
trin v kinh t nhu cu v thng tin lin lc cng pht trin khng ngng . T
nm 1998 tr li y h thng thng tin lin tc -c hin i ho vi mng
tng i SPC v mng truyn dn dung l-ng cao , bao gm h thng cp
quang 34Mb/s ( sp ti s tng ln 622Mb/s trn -ng trc Bc- Nam ) v cc
tuyn vi ba c dung l-ng t 2Mb/s ti 140Mb/s . hin ti mng PSTN p
ng -c nhu cu phn ln v thng tin x hi . Con s ca mng PSTN ln
n 1.100.000 thu bao v t d tnh s ln n l 2.500.000 thu bao
cui th k ny .
Hin nay nhu cu thng tindi ng ngy cng tng theo nhu cu thng
tin ni chung . Mt s mng thng tin di ng v ang -c lp t s
dng nh-ng c th ni l khng p ng ht yu cu ca ng-i dng . Hin ti
c mng GSM H Ni vi thit b ca hng Alcatel ( Php ) , ti thnh ph H
ch minh v nng l thit b ca hng Erricson ( Thu in ). Ba mng
ny thuc mt nh khai thc l thng tin di ng VMS v thc cht -c coi l
mng PLMN vi Roamming gia 3 vng .

103
Min Bc c din tch chim khong 84.528 km
2
, dn s l
24.664.155 ng-i v bao gm 32 thnh ph th x v th trn .
Min Bc l u no quan trng ca c n-c . y l trung tm cng
nghip ca c n-c , n bao gm nhiu ngnh cng nghip quan trng ang
-c c n-c u t- mt cch tch cc .
y cng l ni din ra cc cuc hp quan trng thuc tm c quc t
cho nn khi l-ng khch hng kh ln ca dch v vin thng c bit l
dch v thng tin di ng v nhn tin .
Cu trc tng th mng thng tin di ng GSM-VMS giai on 1998- 6/ 1999
I C s pht trin mng giai on -
1) Tnh hnh mng l-i tYnh n ht nm 1997
n ht nm 1997. Cng ty VMS ang qun l v khai thc vi cu hnh
nh- sau :
V tr trm : 182
S BTS : 388
S TRX :821
Cp vi ba : 120
Knh thu : 70 E1
Trung k tng i : E1
Trung k Bc - Nam : 6E1
Bc Trung :4E1
Trung Nam :4E1
Dung l-ng mng l-i: 146.500 thu bao (27 mE / TB )
S thu bao s dng : 100.000
Cc dch v gia tng : Voice mail , Sort Message , Fax/ Data

104
2) C s pht triOn mng l-i :
Cu trc tng th mng l-i thng tin di ng 1996-2000ca VMS
Pht trin thu bao ca VMS : 53.000 trong nm 1997
D kin u t- cho vic pht trin mng l-i v cc loi dch v ca VMS
: 32 triu USD
Phn tch nh gi s liu ca cng ty VMS t thng 7/1996
D bo pht trin thu bao giai on 1998-6/1999
D bo pht trin k hoch thu bao trong k hoch 1996- 2000 ca
VMS , cho nm 1998: 30.000 v na nm 1999 l 15.000, thp hn 1,5 ln
so vi thc t hin nay
Nm 1998 1999 2000
Thu bao 130.000 160.000 210.000

Mt s thng tin di ng tin tin khc s -c p dng ti Vit Nam, nh-
CDMA, LOW orbital Satellite , FHV ...
Nm 1997 s thu bao di ng pht trin thm t -c 70.000-75.000
trong VMS chim 53.000 t t l 70% so vi tng s thu bao pht trin
trong ton tng cng ty . Tuy nhin vi su th nh- hin nay , s thu bao ca
mng Vinaphn tng tr-ng mnh , ta c th d on -c t l pht trin thu
bao gia hai mng ny s bng nhau vo cui nm 1998 . Nm 1997 tuy nhin
n-c ta vn gi -c nhp pht trin kinh t cao 8-9% nm , nh-ng theo
nh gi ca bo ch th c h-ng b chng li , th tr-ng ca chng ta
km si ng hn tr-c . Trn c s s liu v phn tch trn , chng ta thy
rng : d bo nhu cu pht trin trong nm 1998 cho VMS l 53.750 tr i
khong 20% s thu bao pht trin sang mng Vinaphon , nh- vy VMS ch
pht trin khong 43.000 my trong nm 1998. Nm 1999 VMS d kin pht

105
trin thu bao l 56.000, nh-ng VMS ch c kh nng p ng -c 40.000
my .
Nh- vy nm 1998-6/1999 , VMS cn pht trin mng l-i p ng
-c 43.000 + 20.000 = 63.000 thu bao pht trin thm .
II Ni dung pht trin
1) Xy dng h thng qun lY iu hnh thng tin di ng G$ ton
quc (N: Network ,n,gement enter )
Nm 1998 s th bao ca Mobiphone ln n hn 100.000 v mng
l-i -c ph sng hu ht cc th x , thnh ph v nhng th trn sm
ut . Vic qun l iu hnh mt mng l-i phc tp v trn din rng ton
quc i hi phi c thit b hin i , nhanh nhy bi vic xy dng mt
trung tm qun l iu hnh ton quc l ht sc cn thit v cp bch .
Tuy nhin sau ny c th u ni ng b vo h thng TMN ca
Tng cng ty , trong qu trnh thc hin cng ty VMS phi xin kin ch o
ca Ban vin thng v cu hnh v phn mm ng dng .
2) Xy dng h thng tYnh c-c v qun lY thu bao tp trung :
Vic xy dng mt h thng tnh c-c v qun l thu bao tp trung ,
thun tin cho cng tc qun l v thng nht cch tnh c-c trong ton cng
ty hay trong ton tng cng ty sau ny i hi ht sc cn thit , lm tho
mn yu cu ngy cng tng ca khch hng .
3) Xy dng h thng tr tin tr-c ( Prep,id 8y8tem )
thun tin cho khch hng , c bit cho khch du lch , nh
th-ng gia hoc nh chnh khch l-u li trn n-c ta ngn ngy , mun s
dng in thoi di ng m khng phin h bi th tc thanh c-c , th dch
v tr tin tr-c p ng -c vn ny . Khch hng khng phi thanh ton
c-c cuc gi sau khi h thi khng s dng dch v in thoi di ng na ,
mt iu i khi gy phin toi v kh chu cho khch hng v phi ch i .

106
4) Xy dng mch vng truyn dEn trung k :
tng c-ng tin cy v an ton v mng l-i , p ng nhu cu pht
trin nhanh Cng ty thng tin di ng s trin khai cu trc chuyn dn mch
vng trong 3 khu vc H ni , T.p H Ch Minh v nng
5) Pht triOn mng l-i G$
S thu bao ang hot ng : 100.000 ( t nm 1997 )
Dung l-i mng l-i GSM hin c : 1456.500 Thu bao
S thu bao d kin s c n 6/1999 : 163.000 Thu bao
Nh- vy m bo hot ng mng l-i tt v an ton , s l-ng thu
bao ch -c php nm trong 75% dung l-ng mng. Do ta c th tnh
-c dung l-ng mng cn thit l:

Dung l-ng mng cn thit pht trin trong ton cng ty nm 1998 v
thng 6 u nm 1999 l :
217.000 146.500 = 70.500 Thu bao .
Cng vi 20% d phng ( 15.000 thu b,o ) cho s pht trin t bin ,
v vy dung l-ng mng pht trin thm trong giai on 1998 n 6/1999 vo
khong :
85.500 thu bao ,
trong :
Mng l-i cho khu vc pha Bc : 20.000
Mng l-i cho khu vc pha Nam : 60.000
Mng l-i min Trung : 5.500
%B 217000
75
100 163000
L


107
Vi c s phn tch v phn b dung l-ng pht trin cho cc khu vc
nh- trn , Cng ty thng tin di ng VMS xy dng k hoch pht trin mng
l-i TTD GSM trong giai on 1998- 6/1999 nh- sau :
Pht trin thm mng v tuyn
- S trm : 115 trm
- S BTS : 209
- S my thu pht : 420
- Dung l-ng : 92.000 TB ( 27 mE )
- Truyn dn :
Thu : 34 lung E1
Lp 80 cp vi ba bng hp tn s 7,15 hoc 23 Ghz
Mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n ht nm 1997

Cc tnh khu vc min Bc (Trung tm TTD KV1)

Stt Tnh Stt
a im
t trm
(thnh ph,
th x, th
trn)
MS
C
Dung
l-ng
tng
i
(27mE)
BS
C
Site Cell TRX
Dung l-ng v
tuyn
Truyn dn
Erlang
Thu bao
(27mE)
Vi
ba
Thu
bao
1 H ni 1. Tp H ni 1 45000 4 29 77 174 903 33456 29
2. ng Anh 1 3 6 29.2 1081 1
3. Gia Lm 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
4. Sn bay
Ni bi
1 1 3 17.1 633 1
5. Ph l 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
6. Vn in 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
2 Hi Phng 7. Hi
phng
6 9 19 94.9 3515 6 2
8. sn 2 2 4 19.5 722 1
3 Hi d-ng 9. Hi d-ng 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
10. Kim mn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
4 H-ng Yn 11. H-ng Yn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
5 Qung Ninh 12. Tp H
long
2 2 4 19.5 722 2
13. Bi chy 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
14. Cm ph 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
15. Mng ci 1 1 3 17.1 633 1
6 Lng sn 16. Lng sn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
7 H Ty 17. H ng 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
18. Sn Ty 1 1 2 9.73 360 1

108
8 Bc Giang 19. Bc
Giang
1 1 2 9.73 360 1
9 Ninh Bnh 20. Ninh
Bnh
1 1 2 9.73 360 1
10 Ngh an 21. Tp Vinh 1 3 6 29.2 1081 1
22. Ca l 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
11 Qung Bnh 23. ng hi 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
12 Thanh Ho 24. Thanh
Ho
1 1 2 9.73 360 1
25. Sm sn 1 1 2 9,73 360 1
13 Bc Ninh 26. Bc Ninh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
14 Thi Nguyn 27. Thi
Nguyn
1 1 2 9.73 360 1
15 Ph Th 28. Vit tr 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
16 Vnh Phc 29. Phc Yn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
17 Nam nh 30. Nam
nh
1 1 2 9.73 360 1
18 Nam H 31. Ph l 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
19 H Tnh 32. H Tnh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
19 Tng 32. 1 45000 4 67 122 267 1363 50483 42 26

Mng thng tin di ng GSM/ VMS pht trin t 1998 n 6/1999

Cc tnh khu vc Min Bc ( trung tm TTD KV1 )
Stt
Cc tnh pht trin
thm site
MSC
Dung
l-ng
tng
i
(27mE)
BS
C
Site Cell TRX
Dung l-ng v
tuyn
Truyn dn
Erlang
Thu bao
(27mE)
Vi
ba
Thu
bao
1. H ni 35000 3 15 45 90 292 10815 15
2. Hi phng 1 2 6 12 58.38 2162 2 1
3. Hi d-ng 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
4. H-ng yn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
5. Qung ninh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
6. Lng sn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
7. h ty 1 1 2 9.73 360 2
8. Bc Giang 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
9. Bc ninh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
10. Thi nguyn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
11. Tuyn quang 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
12. Cao bng 1 1 2 9.73 260 1
13. Vnh phc 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
14. Yn bi 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
15. Ho bnh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
16. Thi bnh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
17. Bc Cn 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
18. lo cai 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
19. Lai chu 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
20. H Nam 1 1 2 9.73 360 2
21. Ninh Bnh 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
22. Ngh an 1 2 6 12 58.38 2162 1
23. Thanh Ho 1 1 2 9.73 360 1
Tng 3 3 33

33


109

Tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS pht trin t 1998 n
6/1999

Trung
tm
S thnh ph, th
x, th trn pht
trin thm site
MSC
Dung
l-ng
tng
i
(27mE)
BS
C
Site Cell TRX
Dung l-ng v
tuyn
Truyn dn
Erlang
Thu bao
(27mE)
Vi
ba
Thu
bao
1 13 35000 5 39 77 154 603.3
6
22339 17 24
2 10 85000 0 67 119 240 1750.
7
64834 45 19
3 4 7000 0 11 15 30 146 5404 2 9
27 0 12700
0
5 117 211 424 2500 92577 64 52

Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n ht
nm1997

Stt
Trung
tm

S tnh S thnh ph,
th x, th trn
MSC
Dung l-ng
tng i
BSC Site Cell TRX
Dung l-ng
v tuyn
(27mE)
1 TTKV1 19 32 1 45000 4 67 122 267 50483
2 TTKV2 21 35 2 115000 2 93 230 491 88379
3 TTKV3 11 18 1 5000 1 21 30 45 7543
Tng 3 3

Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS pht trin tip t
1998 n 6/1999

Stt
Trung
tm

S tnh
S thnh
ph, th x,
th trn
MSC
Dung l-ng
tng i
BSC Site Cell TRX
Dung
l-ng v
tuyn
(27mE)
1 TTKV1 8 13 0 35000 5 39 77 154 22339
2 TTKV2 0 10 0 85000 0 67 119 240 64834
3 TTKV3 0 4 0 7000 0 11 15 30 5404
Tng

Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n 6/1999

Stt
Trung
tm

S tnh S thnh ph,
th x, th trn
MSC
Dung l-ng
tng i
BSC Site Cell TRX
Dung l-ng v
tuyn
(27mE)
1 TTKV1 27 45 1 80000 9 106 199 421 72822
2 TTKV2 21 45 2 200000 2 160 349 731 153213
3 TTKV3 11 22 1 12000 1 32 45 75 12947

110
Tng 3 3

3 Nhu cu v thng tin di ng
Trong vic qui hoch v chn cu hnh cho mng l-i , vic d on nhu
cu l mt vn ht sc quan trng . Vi mng thng tin di ng d on
nhu cu da trn c s sau :
S liu thng k dn s v mt dn s
Mc tng tr-ng kinh t trong khu vc
Mc thu nhp bnh qun
Nhu cu v thng tin lin lc ni chung da trn c s my in thoi
c nh
Kinh nghim v pht trin ca cc mng tr-c
Cc s liu thng k cho khu vc Min Bc nh- sau :
Dn s :24.664.155 ng-i
Mt : 291 ng-i / km
2

Tng tr-ng kinh t : 6%
3 Dung l-ng Traffic trung k
Xt nh- trung k c 33 knh , iu n c th ni 33 knh ny cng thc
hin hot ng , thu bao di ng c th s dng bt c knh no m hin ti
ang ri . Gi s 1000 thu bao di ng mi thu bao di ng cn mt l-u l-ng
l 33m erlang do c th ti 100% 33 knh ny .
S dng bng GOS s cun cp s Traffic c th ( n v erlang ) vi s
knh (n) khc nhau v cp dch v GOS khc nhau :
V d :
N = 30

111
GOS = 2% ( nghn )
Dung l-ng Traffic = 24.6 Erlang
S thu bao di ng c th phc v -c l : 745 thu bao
- Kch c ca SDCCH l 3s . Cho rng y c 3 ln cp nht v tr
khi thit lp cuc gi v 4 knh SDCCH s dng cho mt thu bao di ng
vo gi cao im do vy l-u l-ng SDCCH ca mt thu bao di ng s l :
4 L 3/ 3600 = 0.0033 Erlang
c ngha l 1/10 ca Traffic trung k cho mt tu bao di ng . Mt knh vt
l vi 8 knh SDCCH t bng Erlang vi GOS = 2% ta tra -c dung l-ng l:
3.6271 Erlang
iu ny c ngha 8 knh SDCCH/8 c th phc v -c :
3.6271/ 0.0033 = 1099 thu bao
phc v cho 1099 thu bao th vi knh TCH phi cn :
1099 L 0.033 = 36.271 Erlang
Hiu qu s dng trung k
Hiu qu s dng trung k l hiu sut s dng ti a mt knh m
khng gy nghn ti a cho knh
Trong v d trn ( dung l-ng Tr,ffic trung k ) dung l-ng traffic trung
k (30 knh) l 24.626 Erlang . Trong phn tnh ton s dng gi tr ny -c
gim 2% vi cp dch v v th cn 24.133 Erlang.
Vi trung k c 33 knh trn th hiu qu s dng trung k l :
24.133/ 33 = 73%
C ngha l mi knh s dng 73% thi gian .
D-i y l bng hiu qu s dng vi cc trung k : 6 , 14 , 22 , 30 , 33
, 45 :

112
Tnh ton qui hoch mng ti Min Bc
Tnh ton s b
Theo tnh ton s thu bao in thoi di ng n nm 1988 l 1000
thu bao , mi thu bao di ng cn mt l-u l-ng l 0.033 Erlang do dung
l-ng traffic ca mng l :
1000 L 0.033 = 33 Erlang.
Ph-ng n thit k
S dng thit b ca hng ALCATEL (Php ).
Min Bc l mt vng c din tch min ni v trung du chim
102.486 km
2
, ng bng sng hng v khu bn c chim 63.621 km
2
cho
nn vn t trm gc l ht sc quan trng.
3 Yu cu cht I-ng v ch tiu k thut
Yu cu v cht l-ng h thng :
Cc trm gc v -ng truyn dn tn hiu phi t yu cu sau y :
2% GOS
33m Erlang/ thu bao
Yu cu c-ng thu cc vng ph sng :
Vng th : -74 dBm
Vng ngoi vi thnh ph ln : -92 dBm
Vng ngoi : -92 dBm
Vng nng thn : -94 dBm
Thit b s dng :
S dng h thng thng tin di ng s GSM ca hng ALCALTEL (
Php )

113
Cc ch tiu k thut ch yu ca thit b :
Ng-ng thu ca my thu bao di ng ( MS ) : -100 dBm
Cn sut my pht ca MS : 33 dBm
Ng-ng thu ca trm v tuyn gc : -110 dBm
Cng sut pht ca trm gc (BTS ) : 41.5 w
H s tng ch ca Anten thu bao : 3.5 dB
H s tng ch ca Anten trm gc ( BTS ) : 16 dBm
Cp n Anten l Ari Dilectric 7/ 8 50 ; 3.92 dBm / 100m
a im xy dng cng trnh
Vi nhng s l-ng v yu cu trn Cng ty thng tin di ng VMS c d
tnh m rng v ng cp tng i MSC/ BSC nh- sau :
Khu vc pha Bc :
M rng tng i MSC T Lim t dung l-ng hin c 45.000 thu bao
ln 88.000 thu bao . Nng cp phn mm t-ng ng vi nhu cu pht trin (
phn mm hin nay l R3/ ALCALTEL )
M rng 4 BSC G2 trong s 7 BSC hin c T 60 TRX ln n 128
TRX . Lp t thm 2 BSC G2 ( 128 TRX ) mi , mt cho H Ni , mt cho
thnh ph Vinh . Nng cp phn mm t-ng ng cho tt c BSC tu R3 ln
phn mm t-ng ng -a s BSC cho KV1 ln n 9
Ph-ng php truyn dn tn hiu
Tt c BTS thuc cc tnh pha Bc u -c qun l bi trung tm
BSC/ MSC t ti thnh ph H Ni
Ph-ng n t chc -ng truyn tn hiu nh- sau :
S dng knh truyn dn 2Mb/s t H Ni -c i theo tuyn vi ba -ng trc
34 Mb/s c sn n cc trm pha Bc sau dn v trm trung tm .

114
Tnh ton vng ph sng
Tr-c tin vi bn a hnh ton Min Bc ta tm -c cc thng s
cao theo tng h-ng nht nh v t p dng cng thc Okumura -
Hata tnh ton c-ng thu ti tng on khong cch khc nhau theo tng
h-ng xc nh :
Ta qui -c nh- sau :
H-ng Ty : A0 -A1
H-ng ng : A0- A2
H-ng Bc : A0- A3
H-ng Nam : A0 - A4
H-ng ng Bc : A0 - A5
H-ng ng Nam : A0- A6
H-ng Ty Bc : A0 - A7
H-ng Ty Nam : A0 - A8
Sau y l bn v mt ct theo tng h-ng.

Da vo bn v mt ct . Vi cc h-ng c vt chn ta dng cng thc
tnh cho thnh ph (do b 8uy h,o nhiu ) , vi cc h-ng khng c vt chn
ta dng cng thc tnh cho vng ngoi ( do nh h-ng c, cy cGi 8ng ha )
. Sau khi tnh ton song cc kt qu -c ghi li trong bng Cc thng s tnh
ton c-ng tr-ong ti tng h-ng .
T trung tm trm BTS i vi tt c cc h-ng v t -c vng ph
sng ca cc trm BTS . Vn tnh ton v v ra vng ph sng l rt quan
trng i vi vng gm nhiu Cell . Bi v vng ph trn l rt khc so vi d
kin ban u khi thit k . Sau khi o c v ta xc nh cc vng ch-a -c

115
ph i n quyt nh c t thm mt hay nhiu trm BTS na hay
khng .

116
t Iun
S pht trin tng tc vi mng vin thng vi dung l-ng ln bng vi ba s
v cp quang l c s h tng quan trng , to nn iu kin thun li pht
trin mng thng tin di ng GSM mi min t n-c .
Do ngun vn c hn ngnh B-u in ch tr-ng pht trin m rng
ngnh thng tin di ng theo tng pha , tr-c tin pht trin khu vc trng im
kinh t v du lch ri m dn ra cc trung tm chnh . Vn qui hoch
mng thng tin di ng Min Bc ch l mt trong cc buc tin hnh m
rng mng thng tin di ng ti ton quc . Ngoi ra cn c nhiu trung tm
du lch kinh t khc khp c n-c c nhu cu thng tin di ng ng k
song din tch ph vn cn hn hp .
p ng nhu cu dch v thng tin di ng pht trin , thc
hin ch tiu k thut tng tc mng vin thng ca ngnh B-u in v tin
hnh mt mng thng tin a dch v ( SDN ) ph hp vi xu th pht trin
mng vin thng th gii , cn thit phi m rng mng thng tin di ng
khp c n-c .
Trong thi gian thc tp tt nghip ti cng ty Thng tin di ng VMS ,
ti c gng phn tch , xem xt cc d n u t- , pht trin mng thng
tin di ng s GSM , thy -c cc -u im t p dng tnh ton thng tin
di ng s ti Min Bc .
Tuy nhin do iu kin thi gian v trnh c hn , ti thy mnh mi
ch gii quyt -c mt phn rt t cc ni dung c bn trong ngnh thng tin
di ng , trong ni dung ch mi khi qut ch ch-a i su vo chi tit . Ti
thc su sc rng mc d c nhiu c gng nh-ng chc chn bn lun
n ny c nhiu thiu st v hn ch , ti rt mong -c s ng gp ca cc
thy c gio trong tr-ng v ca Cng ty thng tin di ng VMS ti hon
thnh ni dung nghin cu ti ca mnh .

117
Ti xin trn thnh cm n Thy gio - GS on Nhn L v k s-
ht sc gip v ng gp kin ti c th hon thnh tt bn lun n
tt nghip ny ./.
H Ni ngy 12- 1 - 1999
Sinh vin thc hin

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