Chuyen de Giai Toan Tren May Tinh Casio Lop 8

Ti liu bi d ng "Gii ton trn my tnh Casio " bin son:
Tr ng Ngc Bn
A. t vn
My tnh in t l mt trong nhng cng c tch cc trong vic
dy v hc ton. Nh c my tnh in t m nhiu vn c coi l
kh trong dy hc ton ( v d gii phng trnh bc hai, phng trnh
ba, phng trnh v t, chui s, cc nh l s hc...) ta c th ging
dy cho hc sinh THCS mt cch d dng. Cc quy trnh thao tc trn
my tnh in t b ti c th coi l bc tp dt ban u hc sinh
dn dn lm quen vi thut ton v lp trnh trn my tnh c nhn.
B Gio Dc v o to t chc cho THCS v THPH cc k thi hc
sinh gii gii ton trn my tnh casio. Phng Gio Dc v o to
Cm xuyn t chc cc k thi hc sinh gii gii ton trn my tnh
casio cp huyn v tham gia k thi hc sinh gii gii ton trn my
tnh casio cp Tnh song kt qu cn khim tn so vi cc huyn
mnh nh Can Lc,Hng lnh, TP H Tnh... Mt s bi d thi ca hc
sinh kt qu cn thp, hoc bi lm thiu tnh chnh xc, cch trnh
by si sc, ngu hng, cc thut ton trn my tnh cha c vn dng
vo bi lm...
Vi l do v nim am m ton hc trn my tnh v thc trng
qua nhiu nm ging dy v bi dng hc sinh gii, ti mnh dn bin
son tp ti liu bi dng HSG gii ton trn my tnh Casio ny lu hnh
ni b. Mc ch ca ti liu ngoi hng dn chi tit cc thao tc tnh
ton, Cc dng bi tp ton gii bng my tnh cm tay m cn trnh
by ngha ton hc ca cc bi ton.V vy nhiu kin thc ton hc
ngoi chng trnh vn c a vo.Vic trnh by cc kin thc ton
hc, tnh chnh xc kt qu trong tng php tnh c c bit ch
trng. Bi l iu c bn v ct li ca vic s dng my tnh.
Ngi vit xin c trao i cng bn c qua ti: gii ton trn
my tnh casio
ti gm ba phn:
Phn I: Hng dn s dng my tnh casio Fx:500 MS v Fx:570 MS
Phn II: Cc dng bi tp: Gii ton trn my tnh Casio
Phn III: Mt s thi Gii ton trn my tnh Casio ( h THCS )
1
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Trong khi bin son mc d rt c gng song khng th trnh khi
nhng thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s gp chn thnh ca qu
thy c v bn c. Xin chn thnh cm n
Cm xuyn, ngy 07/10/2010

Tr-
ngNgcBn
B. ni dung
Phn I: H ng dn s dng my tnh casio Fx:500 MS v Fx:570 MS
A /. my tnh casio Fx:500 MS
I/ Cc phm v cch bm my s dng chung cho c my Fx:500
MS v Fx:570 MS :
1) Cc loi phm:
+ Phm trng: Bm trc tip ( v d: 5 ta n 5 = 5 )
+ Phm vng: Bm SHIFT + Phm vng (V D:
4
81 , ta bm 4
SHIFT
x
81 =
4
81 )
+ Phm : Bm ALPHA + Phm (v d: A, ta bm ALPHA A
2) M tt my:
+ M my: Bm ON
+ Tt my: Bm SHIFT + OFF
+ Xo mn hnh khi lm tnh : - Bm AC
- Bm SHIFT CLR 2 =
- Bm SHIFT CLR 3 =
+ kim tra li ta dng cc phm
+ sa li: - Dng phm
><
di chuyn.
2
Tr ng Ngc Bn
- Bm phm DEL xo k t ang nhp nhy
- Bm phm SHIFT + IN S chn k t nh
st
II / . my tnh casio Fx:500 MS:
*) Ch Mode: Nhm n nh ngay t u loi hnh tnh ton,
loi n v o,dng s biu din kt qu, ch s c ngha,sai s lm
trn...ph hp vi gi thit ca bi ton
a) Bm Mode ( 1 ln)
hinh man
3 2 1
REG SD COMP
+ Bm Mode 1
Lm cc php tnh thng

+ Bm Mode 2
Lm thng k mt bin
+ Bm Mode
Lm thng k hai bin

b) Bm Mode Mode( 2 ln)
hinh man

1
EQR
( gii phng trnh )
+ Bm Mode Mode 1
hinh man
UNKNO S ( n )
- Bm tip 2
Gii h phng trnh bc nht hai n

- Bm tip 3
Gii h phng trnh bc nht ba n

+ Bm Mode Mode 1
hinh man
Degree (bc)
- Bm tip 2
Gii phng trnh bc hai mt n

- Bm tip 3
Gii phng trnh bc ba mt n

c) Bm Mode Mode Mode ( 3 ln)
hinh man

3 2 1
Gra Ded Deg
+ Bm Mode Mode Mode 1
Chn n v o gc l
Chn n v o gc l raian
Chn n v o gc l grad
d) Bm Mode Mode Mode Mode ( 4 ln)
hinh man

3 2 1
Norm Sci Fix
3
Tr ng Ngc Bn
+ Bm Mode Mode Mode Mode 1
C chn s s l thp phn

C chn hin s dng : a.10

n
C chn s dng thng

e) Bm Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode( 5 ln)

hinh man

1
Disp
Bm tip 1
hinh man

2
/
1
/ c d c ab
+ Bm Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode 1 1
kt qu di dng hn
s
kt qu di dng
phn s
+ Bm Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode 1
hinh man

2 1
Comma Dot
Ch du cch phn nguyn v phn thp phn l du (.)

Ch du cch phn nguyn v phn thp phn l du (,)

III/. Cch lm mt bi thi Gii ton trn my tnh casio"
*Quy nh:
1. Yu cu cc em d thi ch dng my Casio fx 500 MS, Casio fx
570 MS, Casio fx 500 ES, Casio fx 570 ES gii.
2. Nu khng qui nh g thm th cc kt qu trong cc thi
phivit 10 ch s hin trn mn hnh my tnh.
3. Trnh by bi gii theo cc bc sau :
- S lc li gii ( li gii vn tt)
- Thay s vo cng thc (nu c)
4
Tr ng Ngc Bn
- Vit quy trnh n phm
- Kt qu
*Nhn xt : Qua cc thi tnh, khu vc t chc cc nm gn y.
Chng ta c th nhn thi Gii ton trn my tnh Casio theo cc
nh hng sau y :
1. Bi thi hc sinh gii" Gii ton trn my tnh Casio " phi l mt
bi thi Hc sinh gii ton c s tr gip ca my tnh th nghim
tm ra cc quy lut ton hc hoc tng tc tnh ton.
2. ng sau cc bi ton Gii trn my tnh Casio n cha nhng
nh l, thut ton, thm ch c mt l thuyt ton hc ( s hc, dy
tru hi...)
` 3. Pht huy c vai tr tch cc ca ton hc v my tnh trong
gii cc bi ton thc t
Phn II: Cc dng bi tp ton gii bng my tnh cm tay
I/. Mt s dng ton xc nh s (s hc):
1/ . Loi 1. Tnh chnh xc kt qu php tnh :
.Ph ng php : Da vo cc tnh cht sau:
1) S 8 7 4 3 2 1
... a a a a a a
= 4 3 2 1
a a a a
. 10
4
+ 8 7 6 5
a a a a
2)Tnh cht ca php nhn: ( A + B)( C + D) =
AC + AD +BC + BD
3)Kt hp tnh trn my v lm trn giy.
.Mc tiu: Chia s ln thnh nhngs nhm khng trn mn
hnh khi thc hin trn my
v d1: tnh chnh xc kt qu ca php tnh sau: A = 12578963 x
14375
b) Tnh chnh xc A
c) Tnh chnh xc ca s: B = 123456789
2
5
Tr ng Ngc Bn
d) Tnh chnh xc ca s: C = 1023456
3
Gii: a) Nu tnh trn my s trn mn hnh nn ta lm nh sau:
A = 12578963.14375 = (12578.10
3
+ 963).14375
= 12578.10
3
.14375 + 963.14375
* Tnh trn my: 12578.14375 = 180808750 12578.10
3
.14375 =
180808750000
* Tnh trn my: 963.14375 = 13843125
T ta c: A = 180808750000
+ 13843125
= 180822593125
Vy A = 12578963 x 14375 = 180822593125
b) B =123456789
2
=(123450000 + 6789)
2
= (1234.10
4
)
2
+
2.12345.10
4
.6789 + 6789
2
Tnh trn my:
12345
2
= 152399025; 2x12345x6789 = 167620410 ; 6789
2
=
46090521
Vy: B = 152399025.10
8
+ 167620410.10
4
+ 46090521
= 15239902500000000
+ 1676204100000
46090521
= 15241578750190521
d) C = 1023456
3
= (1023000 + 456)
3
= (1023.10
3
+ 456)
3
= 1023
3
.10
9
+ 3.1023
2
.10
6
.456 + 3.1023.10
3
.456
2
+ 456
3
Tnh trn my:
1023
3
= 1070599167; 3.1023
2
.456 =
1431651672
3.1023.456
2
= 638155584; 456
3
= 94818816
Vy (tnh trn giy): C = 1070599167000000000
6
Tr ng Ngc Bn
1431651672000000
+ 638155584000
94818816
= 1072031456922402816
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1 : Tnh kt qu ng ca cc tch sau: a) M = 2222255555 x
2222266666
b) N = 20032003 x 20042004
p s: a) M = 4938444443209829630 b) N =
401481484254012
Bi 2: Tnh kt qu ng ca cc php tnh sau: a) A =
1,123456789 - 5,02122003
b) B = 4,546879231 + 107,3564177895 ; c) C=
52906279178,48 : 565,432
Bi 3: Tnh chnh xc tng: S =1.1! +2.2! +3.3! +4.4! +... + 16.16!
* Hng dn: Ta c n.n! = ( n + 1 1).n! =(n + 1).n! n!
= (n+1)! n!
* p s: S = 355687428095999
Bi 4 : a) Tnh bng my tnh: Q = 1 + 2
2
+ 3
2
+ . . . + 10
2
.
b) C th dng kt qu tnh tng : K = 2
2 2 2 2
20 . ... 6 4 . + + + +
m khng dng my tnh .hy trnh by li gii y. p s:
a) Q = 385; b) K = 1540
Bi 5: Tnh chnh xc ca s A =
2
12
10 2
3
_ +

,
Nhn xt:
10 2
3
k
+
l s nguyn c (k - 1) ch s 3, tn cng l s 4
7
Tr ng Ngc Bn

2
10 2
3
k
_ +

,
l s nguyn gm k ch s 1, (k - 1) ch s 5, ch
s cui cng l 6
* Ta d dng CM c v tnh c kt qu l: A =
111111111111555555555556
2/. loi 2: Tm s d ca php chia ca s a cho s b
* Phng php:
1/. i vi s b chia ti a c 10 ch s:
Th s d ca A: B = A - B.
1
]
1
B
A
(trong
1
]
1
B
A
l phn nguyn
ca A cho
2/. Khi s b chia A ln hn 10 ch s:
Khi s b chia A ln hn 10 ch s ta ngt ra thnh hai nhm.
Nhm u 9 ch s u( k t b tri). tm c s d nh phn 1). Ri
vit tip sau s d cn li ti a 9 ch s ri tm s d ln hai. Nu
cn na th lm lin tip nh vy.
*nh l: Vi hai s nguyn bt k a v b, b 0, lun tn ti
duy nht mt cp s nguyn q v r sao cho: a = bq + r
v 0 r < |b|
* T nh l trn cho ta thut ton lp quy trnh n phm tm d trong
php chia a cho b:
a SHIFT STO A
b SHIFT STO B
ALPHA A ALPHA B = (
1
]
1
b
a
) ALPHA B - ALPHA B
1
]
1
b
a
=(Kqu:
r =...)
V d1: a) Vit mt quy trnh n phm tm s d khi chia 18901969
cho 3041975 Tnh s d b) Tm s d trong php chia: 8
15
cho 2004
Gii:
a) Quy trnh n phm: 18901969 SHIFT STO A 3041975 SHIFT
STO B
8
Tr ng Ngc Bn
ANPHA A
ANPHA B = (6,213716089)
SHIFT A
-
6
B = (650119)
Vy s d l: r = 650119
b) Ta phn tch: 8
15
= 8
8
.8
7
Ta c: 8
8
1732(mod2004)
8
7
968(mod2004)
8
15

1732 x 968 (mod2004)
1232(mod2004)
Vy s d l: r = 1232
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: a) Vit quy trnh n phm tm s d khi chia 3523127 cho
2047.
b) Tm s d .Tm thng v s d trong php chia: 123456789
cho 23456
Bi 2: Tm s d trong php chia: a) 987654321 cho 123456789 p s:
r = 9
3/. loi 3: Tm UCLN BCNN ca a v b:
*Phng php:
1.Vi cc s a v b nh hn 10 ch s th ta dng tnh cht rt
gn phn s
,
,
,
,
.
.
b
a
m b
m a
b
a
Trong (a
,
; b ) = 1. Khi UCLN (a;b) = m
2. Vi cc s a v b ln hn 10 ch s th ta dng thut ton LE:
Tm UCLN(a;b) vi a
b ta c thut ton sau :

9
Tr ng Ngc Bn

0
.
.
.
.
1 1
1 2
3 3 2 1
2 2 1
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
+

n n n
n n n n
q r r
r q r r
r q r r
r q r b
r q b a
S d cui cng khc 0 l r n chnh l UCLN (a;b) hay : r n = UCLN
(a;b)
* Ch : BCNN(a;b) =
) ; (
.
b a UCLN
b a
V d 1: Tm UCLN ca hai s: a = 24614205, b = 10719433
Gii:
*C 1: +) Ta c:
,
,
,
,
.
.
b
a
m b
m a
b
a
Trong (a
,
; b ) = 1. Khi UCLN (a;b) =
m
+) Quy trnh m my:
24614205 SHIFT STO A
ALPHA A : 10719433 = (1155/503) ALPHA A : 1155 =
( 21311)
Vy UCLN(a;b) = 21311
* C 2:
+)Theo thut ton le tm s d trong php chia s a cho b ta c:
+) quy trnh m mylin tc: (Bn c c th d dng lm c v
kt qu UCLN(a, b) = 21311)
3. Xc nh s c s ca mt s t nhin n
*: nh l : Cho s t nhin n, n > 1, gi s khi phn tch n ra tha s
nguyn t ta c:
10
Tr ng Ngc Bn
1 2
1 2
... ,
k
e e e
k
n p p p
vi k, e
i
l s t nhin v p
i
l cc s nguyn t tho mn:
1 < p
1
< p
2
<...< p
k
Khi s c s ca n c tnh theo cng thc:

(n)
= (e
1
+ 1) (e
2
+ 1)... (e
k
+ 1)
V d2: Hy tm s cc c dng ca s A = 6227020800.
Gii:
Phn tch A ra tha s nguyn t, ta c:
A = 2
10
.3
5
.5
2
.7.11.13
p dng nh l trn ta c s cc c dng ca A l:

(A)
= 11.6.3.2.2.2 = 1584
Vy s cc c dng ca s A = 6227020800 l: 1584
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Tm c chung ln nht v bi chung nh nht ca:
a = 75125232 v b = 175429800
p s: UCLN(a, b) = ; BCNN(a, b) =
Bi 2: C bao nhiu s t nhin l c ca:
N = 1890 x 1930 x 1945 x 1954 x 1969 x 1975 x 2004
p s:
46080
11
Tr ng Ngc Bn
4/. loi 4: Tm ch s x ca s n =
a ...xa a a
0 1 1 - n n
M
m vi m
N
* Phng php: 1) Da vo cc du hiu chia ht ca
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11...
2) Thay x ln lt t 0 n 9 sao cho nMm
V d 1 : Tm s ln nht v s nh nht trong cc s t nhin c dng
4 3 2 1 z y x
chia ht cho 7
*S l c li gii :
- S ln nht dng
4 3 2 1 z y x
chia ht cho 7 s l: 4 19293 z .
Ln lt thay z =
{ } 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
ta c s ln nht dng
4 3 2 1 z y x
chia
ht cho 7 l: 1929354 ,thng l 275622
- S nh nht dng
4 3 2 1 z y x
chia ht cho 7 s l: 4 10203 z .
Ln lt thay z =
{ } 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
ta c s nh nht dng
4 3 2 1 z y x
chia
ht cho 7 l: 1020334 , thng l 145762
V d 2: Tm tt c cc s n dng: 1235679 4 N x y chia ht cho 24.
*S l c li gii :
V N M24 N M3 ; N M8 (37 + x + y) M3 ; 4 x y M8.
y ch c th l 0 ;
2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 8.
Dng my tnh, th cc gi tr x tho mn: (x + y + 1) M3 v 4 x y M8, ta c:
N
1
= 1235679048 ; N
2
= 1235679840
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Tm s ln nht, s nh nht trong cc s t nhin dng:1 2 3 4 x y z
chia ht cho 13.
S 2: Tm s ln nht v s nh nht trong cc s t nhin c dng
4 3 2 1 z y x
chia ht cho 25
S 3: Tm ch s a bit rng 6506 46928381 a chia ht cho 2009
S 4: Tm ch s x bit rng 838196506 469 x chia ht cho 2009
12
Tr ng Ngc Bn
* loi 4: Tm ch s tn cng ca s n = a ...xa a a
0 1 1 - n n
vi n N
. Phng php: (Vn dng cc tnh cht sau)
1) Nhng s c ch s tn cng l: 0;1;5;6 khi nng ln bt k lu
tha no cng c ch s tn cng l: 0;1;5;6
2) Nhng s c ch s tn cng l: 2;4;6 khi nng lu tha bc 4 du
c ch s tn cng l: 6
3) Nhng s c ch s tn cng l: 3;7;9 khi nng lu tha bc 4 du
c ch s tn cng l: 1
4) Lu tha bc bt k ca cc s c ch s tn cng bng 25 hoc
76 (v ch nhng s y) u c ch s tn cng bng 25 hoc 76
(c ui bt bin).
5) Mt tch c mt tha s c ch s tn cng l 0 th tch c
ch s tn cng l: 0
6) Mt tch c mt tha s c ch s tn cng l 5 v nhn vi s l
th tch c ch s tn cng l: 5
7) S chnh phng ch cha cc s tn cng l: 0;1;4;5;6;9
8) Tm 2 ch s tn ca mt s cng th ta tm s d khi chia s
cho 10 (hoc bi ca 10 b hn 100)
9) Tm 3 ch s tn ca mt s cng th ta tm s d khi chia s
cho 100 (hoc bi ca 100 b hn 1000)
10) Th trn my ln lt cc s tho mn iu kin bi ton th ta
chn
10 Lu tha bc bt k ca cc s c ch s tn cng bng 25 hoc
(c ui bt bin).
12) Lu tha bc bt k ca cc s c ch s tn cng bng 376 hoc
(c ui bt bin).
13
Tr ng Ngc Bn
13) Lu tha bc bt k ca cc s c ch s tn cng bng 9376
hoc 0625 (v ch nhng s y) u c ch s tn cng bng 9376
hoc 0625 (c ui bt bin).
V d 1: Tm ch s tn cng ca s: a) 9
9
9
v b) 14
14
14
*S l c li gii ::
a) Ta thy 9
9
l s l nn 9
9
= 2.k + 1
9
9
9
= 9
1 . 2 + k
nn tn cng l s
9
b) ta thy 14
14
chn nn 14
14
=2.k
14
14
14
=14
k . 2
=196
k
nn ch s
tn cng l s: 6
V d 2: Tm hai ch s tn cng ca s: 14
14
14
*S l c li g ii :
Ta c: 7
4
- 1 = 2400
7
k . 4
- 1 M100
7
14
14
- 1 M100
7
14
14
c 2 ch
s l : 01
Mt khc : 14
14
= 2
14
.7
14

Nhng: 2
14
: 20 d 4 (v : 2
12
- 1 =
{
(2
4
)
3
- 1
}
: (2
4
- 1) =15;
4.(2
12
-
1 ): 20 )
V : 7
14
: 20 d 9 ( v :7
k . 4
- 1 : 100
7
12
-1 : 100
7
12
: 20 d 1
7
14
:
20 d 9 )
Vy : 14
14
: 20 d 4.9 = 36
14
14
: 20 d 10
14
14
c 2 ch s tn
cng l:16
V d 3: Tm Cc s x ; y sao cho xxxxx :
yyyy
c thng l 16 d r.
Cn xxxx :
yyy
c thng l 16 d r -2000
*S l c li gii :
Theo bi ra ta c: xxxxx = 16.
yyyy
+ r
( ) 1
xxxx = 16 .
yyy
+ r - 2000
( ) 2
Ly
( ) 1
tr
( ) 2
ta c : 0000 x = 16.
000 y
+ 2000

10.x = 16.y + 2

5.x = 8.y + 1
y =
8
1 5 x
( v x; y Z ; 0
x;y 9 )
14
Tr ng Ngc Bn

x = 5: y = 3
V d 4: Tm cc s khi bnh phng s c tn cng l ba ch s 4. C
hay khng cc s khi bnh phng c tn cng l bn ch s 4 ?
*S l c li gii :
Ch s cui cng ca x
2
l 4 th ch s cui cng ca x l 2 hoc 8.
Tnh trn my bnh phng ca s: 2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62,
72, 82, 92,
8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88, 98
ta ch c cc s:12, 62, 38, 88.
khi bnh phng ln c tn cng l hai ch s 4. Tnh trn my bnh ph-
ng ca cc s:
12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712, 812, 912;
62, 162, 262, 362, 462, 562, 662, 762, 862, 962;
38, 138, 238, 338, 438, 538, 638, 738, 838, 938
88, 188, 288, 388, 488, 588, 688, 788, 888, 988
ta c: 462, 962, 38, 538 khi bnh phng c tn cng l 444.
* Tng t cch lm trn, ta c kt lun: khng c s N no N
2
kt thc bi bn ch s tn cng l : 4444.
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 5 : Tm tt c cc s c 6 ch s tho mn:
1) S to thnh bi ba ch s cui ln hn s to thnh bi ba ch s
u 1 n v
2) L s chnh phng.
Bi 6 : Tm tt c cc s t nhin x tho mn: 10000 < x < 15000 v khi
chia x cho 393 cng nh 655 u c s d l 210.
15
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Bi 7 : Tm cc ch s x, y, z 579xyz chia ht cho 5, 7 v 9.
Bi 8 : Tm s nguyn dng nh nht c tnh cht sau:
1) Vit di dng thp phn a c tn cng l s 6.
2) Nu b ch s 6 cui cng v t ch s 6 ln trc cc ch s
cn li s c mt s gp 4 ln ch s ban u.
Bi 9 : Tm s t nhin n sao cho:
a) 2n + 7 chia ht cho n + 1
b) n + 2 chia ht cho 7 - n
Bi 10 : Tm s t nhin n nh nht sao cho n
3
l mt s c 3 ch s
u v 4 ch s cui u l s 1.
Bi 11 : a) Tm s t nhin n nh nht m n
2
bt u bi s 19 v kt
thc bng s 89
b) Tm s t nhin n sao cho: n
2
= 2525xxxxxx89 (trong
xxxxxx l 6 s c th khc nhau).
Bi 12 : Vi gi tr t nhin no ca n th:
1,01
n - 1
< (n - 1) v 1,01
n
> n.
Bi 13: Tm tt c cc s t nhin: x
1
; x
2
; ... ; x8 Sao cho 8 2 1
... x x x

= ( )
2 1
x x
4
p s H ng dn li gii:
Bi 1: p s: - S ln nht l 129304; - S nh nht l 1020344
S 2: p s: - S ln nht l 2939475; - S nh nht l: 1030425
S 3: p s: a =
S 4: p s: x =
Bi 5: *S l c li gii :: Gi s cn tm l:
1 2 3 4 5 6
n a a a a a a .
- t
1 2 3
x a a a . Khi y
4 5 6
1 a a a x + v n = 1000x + x + 1 = 1001x + 1
= y
2
hay (y - 1)(y + 1) = 7.11.13x.
16
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Vy hai trong ba s nguyn t 7, 11, 13 phi l c ca mt trong hai
tha s ca v tri v s cn li phi l c ca tha s cn li ca v tri.
Dng my tnh, xt cc kh nng i n p s:
n = 183184 ; 328329 ; 528529 ; 715716.
Bi 6: *S l c li gii :
T gi thit, ta c: x = 393.q
1
+ 210 x -210 chia ht cho 393
x = 655.q
2
+ 210 x -210 chia ht cho 655
x -210 chia ht cho BCNN (393 ; 655) = 1965
x -210 = 1965.k ; (k = 1, 2,...) hay x = 1965k + 210
- T gi thit 10000 < x < 15000 10000 < 1965k + 210 < 15000
hay 9790 < 1965k < 14790 5 k < 8.
Tnh trn my:
Vi k = 5, ta c: x = 1965.5 + 210 = 10035
Vi k = 6, ta c: x = 1965.6 + 210 = 12000
Vi k = 7, ta c: x = 1965.7 + 210 = 13965
Vy cc s phi tm l: 10035, 12000, 13965
Bi 7:
*S l c li gii : V cc s 5, 7, 9 i mt nguyn t cng nhau nn ta
phi tm cc ch s x, y, z sao cho 579xyz chia ht cho 5.7.9 = 315.
Ta c 579xyz = 579000 + xyz = 1838.315 + 30 + xyz
30 + xyz chia ht cho 315. V 30 30 + xyz < 1029 nn (Dng
my tnh tm cc bi ca 315 trong khong (30 ; 1029):
- Nu 30 + xyz = 315 th xyz = 315 - 30 = 285
- Nu 30 + xyz = 630 th xyz = 630 - 30 = 600
- Nu 30 + xyz = 945 th xyz = 945 - 30 = 915
17
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Vy ta c p s sau:
x y z
2 8 5
6 0 0
9 1 5
Bi 8: *S l c li gii :
- Gi s s cn tm c n + 1 ch s.
- T iu kin 1) s dng:
1 2
... 6
n
a a a
- T iu kin 2), ta c:
1 2
6 ...
n
a a a = 4.
1 2
... 6
n
a a a (*)
- t
1 2
...
n
a a a a , th:
1 2
... 6
n
a a a = 10a + 6

1 2
6 ...
n
a a a = 6.10
n
+ a
- Khi (*) tr thnh:
6.10
n
+ a = 4.(10a + 6) 2.(10
n
- 4) = 13a
(**)
ng thc (**) chng t v tri chia ht cho 13.
V (2 ; 13) = 1 nn: 10
n
- 4 chia ht cho 13.
Bi ton quy v: Tm s t nhin n nh nht (10
n
- 4) chia ht
cho 13, khi tm ra s a v s cn tm c dng: 10a + 6.
Th ln lt trn my cc gi tr n = 1; 2;... th (10
n
- 4) ln lt l:
6, 96, 996, 9996, 99996,... v s u tin chia ht cho 13 l:
99996.
Khi a = 15384 S cn tm l: 153846.
Bi 9: *S l c li gii ::
a) Lp cng thc (2n + 7) : (n + 1) trn my v th ln lt n = 0, 1, 2,...
ta c n = 0 v n = 4 th 2n + 7 chia ht cho n + 1.
Chng minh vi mi n 5, ta u c 2n + 7 khng chia ht cho n + 1,
tht vy:
18
Tr ng Ngc Bn
(2n + 7) M(n + 1) [(2n + 7) - 2(n + 1)] M(n + 1) 5 M(n + 1) n
5.
Vy s n cn tm l 0 hoc 4.
b) Tng t ta c: n = 4 hoc n = 6.
Nhn xt: 1) n
3
c tn cng l 11 th n c tn cng l s 1. Th trn
my cc s:11, 21, 31,...81, 91 c duy nht s 71 khi lu tha bc ba c
tn cng l 11.
2) n
3
c tn cng l 111 th n c phi tn cng l s 471.
(Th trn my vi cc s: 171, 271, 371,...871, 971 )
3) n
3
c tn cng l 1111 th n phi c tn cng l s 8471.
(Th trn my vi cc s: 1471, 2471, 3471,...8471, 9471 )
- Gi s m l s ch s ng gia cc s 111 v 1111:
+ Nu m = 3k, k Z
+
, th:
111 x 10
3k+4
< n
3
= 111...1111 < 112 x 10
3k+4
(
{ { {
4 3 4
3 3
111000...000000 111 ... 1111 112000...000000
m k
k k
< <
142 43 142 43
)

3 1 3 1 3 3 3
1110.10 111...1111 1120.10
k k
n
+ +
< <
Tnh trn my:
10,35398805 x 10
k+1
< n < 10,3849882 x 10
k+1
Do , vi k 1. Cho k = 1 ta c n bt u bng s 103, ngha
l:
n = 103...8471
19
Tr ng Ngc Bn
S nh nht trong cc s l: n = 1038471
+ Nu m = 3k + 1 v m = 3k + 2, ta c cc s ny u vt qu
s 1038471
Kt lun: S nh nht tho mn yu cu bi ton l: n = 1038471 khi
:
(tnh kt hp trn my v trn giy): n
3
=
1119909991289361111
a) Trc ht ta tm s n
2
c tn cng l 89:
- V n
2
c tn cng l 9 nn n ch c th c tn cng l 3 hoc 7.
- Th trn my cc s: 13, 23,..., 93 ; 17, 27,..., 97 ta tm c:
n
2
c tn cng l 89 th n phi c 2 s tn cng l mt trong
cc s sau:
17, 33, 67, 83 (*)
* By gi ta tm s n
2
bt u bi s 19:
- n
2
bt u bi s 19 th n phi c dng:
19 x 10
k
n
2
< 20 x 10
k
19.10 20.10
k k
n < (1)
+ Nu k = 2m th ta c (1), tr thnh:
19.10 20.10
m m
n <
4,3588989.10
m
n < 4,472135955.10
m
(2)
Trong (2) ta cho m = 0, 1, 2,... (tnh trn my):
ta c n c th l: 44, 436, 437, 438, 439, ... , 447
+ Nu k = 2m th ta c (1), tr thnh:
190.10 200.10
m m
n <
13,78404875.10
m
n < 14,14213562.10
m
(3)
Trong (3) ta cho m = 0, 1, 2,... (tnh trn my):
20
Tr ng Ngc Bn
ta c n c th l: 14, 138, 139, ... , 141
1379, 1380, 1381, ... , 1414
Tm li n bt u bi s 19 th n c th l:
14, 44, 138, 139, ..., 141, 436, 437, ... , 447, 1379,
1380, ... , 1414 (**)
T (*) v (**) ta nhn thy trong cc s trn ch c s 1383 tho
mn bi ton.
b) Ta c: 2525 x 10
8
x
2
< 2526 x 10
8

50,24937811 x 10
4
x

< 50,25932749 x 10
4
Vy : 502493 < x < 502593
S x tn cng phi l: 17, 33, 67, 83 (theo cu a), do cc s
tho mn l:
502517, 502533, 502567, 502583.
B i 12 :*S l c li gii :
Ta c: 1,01
512
163,133... < 512
1,01
1024
26612,56.. > 1024
Vy: 512 < n < 1024
Thu hp khong cch cha n bng phng php chia i:
- Chia i on [512 ; 1024], ta c:
521 1024
768
2
1, 01 1, 01 2083, 603... 768
+
>
Vy li c: 512 < n < 768
Sau mt s bc chia i nh th i n: 650 < n < 652
Cui cng ta c: 1,01
651
= 650,45... < 651
1,01
652
= 656,95.. > 652
n = 652
* Quy trnh trn MT Casio fx: 500 MS
21
Tr ng Ngc Bn
(Thut ton: Xt hiu 1,01
A
- A , gn cho A cc gi tr t nhin: 0, 1,
2,...
dng li khi hiu trn chuyn t (-) sang (+))
- Gn cho nh A gi tr t nhin u tin:
0 SHIFT STO A
- Lp cng thc tnh hiu 1,01
A
- A v gn gi tr nh bi s t
nhin k tip:
1,01
ANPHA A
-
ANPHA A

:
ANPHA A ANPHA = ANPHA A + 1
- Lp li cng thc trn:
= ... =
Bi ton kt thc khi chuyn t n = 651 sang n = 652.
B i 13 :*S l c li gii :
Ta c: 10.000.000 8 2 1
... x x x
= ( )
2 1
x x
4
99999999
57 8 6
x x
99
Ta ghi ln m hnh ( ) 10556001 57
4
khng tho mn v tr x 6 ; x8
Dng phm
sa v th cc s t 57; 58; ...;98; 99. ta c 3 s :

65; 86; 91
Vy ta c 3 b s x
1
; x
2
; ... ; x8 l : 65
4
= 17850625 ; 86
4
=
54700816 ; 91
4
= 68574961

II. a thc:
* Kin thc b rung:
22
Tr ng Ngc Bn
1) Cho a thc P (x) bc n: P (x) = a
n
. x
n
+ a
n-1
. x
n-1
+ ... + a
1
. x
+a
0
(*)
Trong : a
n
; a
n-1
; ...a
1
; a
0

/R ; a
n

0
Khi : a
n
; a
n-1;
a
n-2;
a
n-3;... ;
a
1;
a
0
gi cc h s
N u x
0
m P(x
0
) = 0 th x
0
l nghim ca P(x)
2) Khi chia a thc P (x) cho (x -
) lun tn ti mt a thc thng

Q(x) v s d r. Hay ta lun c: P(x) = Q(x). (x -
) + r

* Ch : (nh l Bezout)
1) N u x =
l nghim ca P(x)
P(x)M(x -
)
2) Nu x
0
l nghim nguyn ca P(x) th x
0
c ca a
0

3) N u tng cc h s bng 0 th P(x) = 0 c nghim l x = 1 ( Hay P(x) M(
x - 1) )
4) Nu tng cc h s bc chn bng tng cc h s bc l th P(x) =
0 c
nghim l x = -1 (Hay P(x) M( x + 1) )
* S Horner: (i vi a thc mt bin)
Khi chia a thc P(x) cho ( x -
) thng l: b
n
. x
n-1
+ b
n-1
. x
n-2
+ ... + b
2
.
x + b
1
v c s d l: r . Khi ta c s nh sau:
a
n
a
n-1
a
n-2
a
n-3
...... a
1
a
0
b
n
b
n-1
b
n-2
b
n-3
....... b
1
r = b
0
Trong : b
n
= a
n
b
n-1
=
. b
n
+ a
n-1
b
n-2
=
. b
n-1
+ a
n-2
..........................
b
1
=
. b
n-1
+ a
1
b
0
=
. b
1
+ a
0.
Khi : 1). P (
) = b
0
2). Nu P (
) = 0 th P(x) M(x -
)
3). Nu P (x)
0 th P (x) : (x -
) c s d l: r = P (
)
V c thng l: b
n
. x
n-1
+ b
n-1
. x
n-2
+ ...
+ b
2
. x + b
1
1/. Loi 1: Tnh gi tr ca a P(x,y,) khi x = x
0
, y = y
0
;
*Phng php:
1). Tnh trc tip (Thay trc tip cc gi tr ca x, y vo biu thc ri
tnh kt qu.
2). S dng s Horner ( ch s dng khi bi ton yu cu tm th-
ng v gi tr ca a thc ti x =
( r = P(
) = b
0
)
23
Tr ng Ngc Bn
*Trn my tnh: 1). - Gn gi tr x
0
vo bin nh M. - Ri thc hin
quy trnh
2). -Tnh nh vo bin nh Ans
V d 1 : Tnh A =
5 3 4
1 3 2 3
2 3
2 4 5
+ +
+ +
x x x
x x x x
khi x = 1,8165
Gii:
*Cch 1: Tnh nh vo bin nh Ans
Bm phm: 1 . 8165
2 2
( 3Ans ^5 2Ans ^4 3Ans x Ans 1) ( 4Ans ^3 Ans x 3Ans 5) + + + +
Kt qa: 1.498465582
*Cch 2: Tnh nh vo bin nh X
Bm phm: 1 . 8165 SHIFT STO X
2 2
( 3ALPHA X ^5 2ALPHA X ^4 3ALPHA X x ALPHA X 1) ( 4ALPHA X ^3 ALPHA X x 3ALPHA X 5) + + + +
Kt qa: 1.498465582
* Ch : Trong cc k thi HSG thng vn hay c dng ton ny. c bit
cc cuc thi cp huyn. Khn nng tnh ton dn n sai s thng
khng nhiu. Nhng biu thc qu phc tp nn tm cch chia nh bi
ton. Trnh tnh trng php tnh vt qu gii hn nh ca my tnh. S dn
n kt qu sai ( Kt qu quy trn trn my tnh trong qu trnh
thc hin, c trng hp kt qu sai hn). Do vy khng c im trong
trng hp ny.
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1 : Tnh gi tr biu thc:
a. A(x) =
4 3 2
x 5x 3x x 1 + + khi x = 1,23456
b.
5 4 3 2
P(x) 17x 5x 8x 13x 11x 357 + + khi x = 2,18567
2/.Loi 2: Tm d trong php chia a thc P(x) cho nhi
thc ax + b
*Phng php: Khi chia a thc P (x) cho (ax + b) lun tn ti mt a
thc thng Q(x) v s d r. Hay ta lun c: P(x) = Q(x). (ax + b) + r

P(-
b
a
) = r
Vy s d trong php chia P (x) cho (ax + b) l r = P(-
b
a
)
24
Tr ng Ngc Bn
V d 1 : Tm s d trong php chia: P=
14 9 5 4 2
x x x x x x 723
x 1,624
+ + +
Gii:
t Q(x) = + + +
14 9 5 4 2
x x x x x x 723
Khi s d trong php chia: P=
14 9 5 4 2
x x x x x x 723
x 1,624
+ + +
l Q(1,624)
*Qui trnh bm my (fx-500MS v fx-570 MS)
1. 624SHIFT STO X
ALPHA X ^14 ALPHA X ^9 ALPHA X ^5 ALPHA X ^4 ALPHA X ^2 ALPHA X 723 + + +
Kt qu: r = 85,92136979
Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Tm s d trong php chia
5 3 2
x 6,723x 1,857x 6,458x 4,319
x 2,318
+ +
+
B i 2: Cho
( )
4 4 2
x
P x 5x 4x 3x 50 + +
.
a) Tm phn d r
1
, r
2
khi chia P(x) cho x 2 v x-3.
b) Tm BCNN(r
1
,r
2
)?
3/. Loi 3: xc nh tham s m a thc P(x)+m chia
ht cho nhi thc a.x+ b

*Phng php: Khi chia a thc P (x) + m cho (ax + b) lun tn ti mt
a thc thng Q(x) v s d r. Hay ta lun c: P(x) = Q(x). (ax + b) +m
+ r
P (x) + m chia ht cho (ax + b) th: m +r = 0
m =- r

m =- P(-
b
a
)
V d 1: Tm a a thc A(x) =
4 3 2
x 7x 2x 13x a + + + + chia ht cho x+6.
Gii: *S lc li gii:
t P(x) = + + +
4 3 2
x 7x 2x 13x
Khi ta c: A(x) = P(x) + a
M d khi chia P(x) cho x+6 l: r = P(-6)
Vy A(x) Mx+6 th r + a = 0
a = - r = - P(-6)
*Qui trnh bm my fx-500MS
( )
6 SHIFT STO X
( ) (
ALPHA X ^
4
+
7
ALPHA X
3
x +
2
ALPHA X
2
x +
13
ALPHA X
)

Kt qu: a = -222
V d 2: Cho P(x) = 3x
3
+ 17x 625. Tm m P(x) + m
2
chia ht
cho x + 3 ?
25
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Gii: *S lc li gii:
Ta c: d khi chia P(x) cho x + 3 l: r = P(-3) P(x) + m
2
chia ht cho x
+ 3
Th: m
2
=- P(-3) = - ( ) ( )
3
3 3 17 3 625
1
+
]
=> m =t ( ) ( )
3
3 3 17 3 625
1
+
]
*Qui trnh bm my fx-500MS:
3
( ) ( 3( ( ) 3) 17( ( ) 3) 625) + x
Kt qu: m = t 27,51363298
4/. Loi 4: Tm th ng v s d khi chia a thc cho n
thc:
*Phng php: S dng s Horner
a
n
a
n-1
a
n-2
a
n-3
.....
.
a
1
a
0
b
n
b
n-1
b
n-2
b
n-3
.....
..
b
1
r = b
0
Trong : b
n
= a
n
b
n-1
=
. b
n
+ a
n-1
b
n-2
=
. b
n-1
+ a
n-2
..........................
b
1
=
. b
n-1
+ a
1
b
0
=
. b
1
+ a
0.
Khi : 1). P (
) = b
0
2). Nu P (
) = 0 th P(x) M(x -
)
3). Nu P (x)
0 th P (x) : (x -
) c s d l: r = P (
)
V c thng l: b
n
. x
n-1
+ b
n-1
. x
n-2
+ ... + b
2
. x + b
1
Chng minh :
Ta xt a th bc ba: P(x) = a
3
x
3
+ a
2
x
2
+ a
1
x + a
0
chia cho x -
Ta c: a
3
x
3
+ a
2
x
2
+ a
1
x + a
0
= (b
3
x
2
+ b
2
x + b
1
)(x-
) + r
= b
3
x
3
+ (b
2
-b
3
)x
2
+ (b
1
-b
2
)x + (r - b
1
)
T ta c cng th truy hi Horner: b
3
= a
3
b
2
= b
3
+ a
2
b
1
= b
2
+ a
1
b
0
= r = b
1
+ a
3
.
26
Tr ng Ngc Bn
V d 1: Tm thng v s d trong php chia x
7
2x
5
3x
4
+ x 1 cho x
+ 5.
Gii
Ta c:
= - 5; a
0
= 1; a
1
= 0; a
2
= -2; a
3
= -3; a
4
= a
5
= 0; a
6
= 1; a
7
=
-1; b
0
= a
0
= 1.
*Qui trnh bm my fx-500MS:
Vy: x
7
-2x
5
-3x
4
+x -1
= (x + 5)(x
6
-5x
5
+
23x
4
-118x
3
+ 590x
2
-
2590x + 14751) -
73756.
5/. Loi 5: Phn tch a thc theo bc ca mt n
thc
*Phng php: S dng s Horner cho n ln
p dng n-1 ln s dng s Horner ta phn tch c a thc P(x)
bc n theo x-
: P(x)=r
0
+r
1
(x-
)+r
2
(x-
)
2
++r
n
(x-
)
n
.
V d 1 : Phn tch P(x) = x
4
3x
3
+ x 2 theo bc ca x 3.
Gii:
Thc hin php chia P(x)=q
1
(x)(x-
)+r
0
theo theo s Horner ta c
q
1
(x) v r
0
. Sau tip tc tm cc q
k
(x) v r
k-1
ta c bng sau:
Vy x
4
3x
3
+
x 2 = 1 +
28(x-3) +
27(x-3)
2
+ 9(x-
3)
3
+ (x-3)
4
.
6/. Loi 6:
Xc nh
1 -3 0 1 -2 x
4
-3x
2
+x-2
3 1 0 0 1 1 q
1
(x)=x
3
+1, r
0
=
1
3 1 3 9 2
8
q
2
(x)=x
3
+3x+1,
r
1
= 28
3 1 6 2
7
q
3
(x)=x+6, r
0
=
27
3 1 9 q
4
(x)=1=a
0
, r
0
=
9
27
+

+
+
+
+
+
( ) 5SHIFT STO M
1 ALPHA M 0
ALPHA M 2
ALPHA M ( ) 3
ALPHA M 0
ALPHA M 0
ALPHA M 1
ALPHA M ( )1
(-5)
(23)
(-118)
(590)
(-2950)
(14751)
(-73756)
Tr ng Ngc Bn
a thc & tnh gi tr mt s gi tr ca a thc khi
bit mt s gi tr ca khc ca n :
*Phng php:
1). Gii h phng trnh t tm c cc h s
2). Tm a th ph trc, ri quay li tm a thc.
V d 1: Cho P(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + f. Bit P(1) = 1; P(2) =
4; P(3) = 9; P(4) = 16; P(5) = 15. Tnh P(6), P(7), P(8), P(9).
Gii:
t A(x) = P(x) - x
2
ta c: A(1) = 0 ; A(2) = 0 ; A(3) = 0; A(4) = 0 ; A(5)
= 0;
Nn theo nh l Bezout ta c: x = 1;2;3;4;5 l nghim ca A(x) do
ta c:
k.( x - 1)(x-2)( x - 3)(x-4)(x - 5) = P(x) - x
2
=> P(x) = k.( x - 1)(x-2)( x - 3)(x- 4)(x - 5) + x
2
V P(x) c bc ln nht l: 5 v c h s bng 1 nn k = 1
Vy P(x) = ( x - 1)(x-2)( x - 3)(x- 4)(x - 5) + x
2
=> .P(6) = ( 6 - 1)(6-2)(6 - 3)(6-4)(6 - 5) + 6
2
= 156
.P(7) = ( 7 - 1)(7-2)(7 - 3)(7-4)(7 - 5) + 7
2
= 769
.P(6) = ( 8 - 1)(8-2)(8 - 3)(8-4)(8- 5) + 8
2
= 2584
.P(6) = ( 9 - 1)(9-2)(9 - 3)(9-4)(9 - 5) + 9
2
= 6801
V d 2: Cho P(x) = 6x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ x
2
+ cx + 450. Bit a thc P(x)
chia ht cho cc nh thc (x - 2) ; (x - 3); (x - 5) . Hy tm cc gi tr a, b,
c v cc nghim ca a thc.
*HD: Dng chc nng gii hpt ta c kt qu: a = -59; b = 161; c = - 495;
x
1
= 2; x
2
= 3; x
3
=5;
x
4
=3/2; x
5
=-5/3
Bi tp p dng :
Bi 1: Cho a thc P(x) = 6x
3
7x
2
16x + m.
a. Tm m P(x) chia ht cho 2x + 3.
b. Vi m va tm c cu a hy tm s d r khi chia P(x) cho 3x-2.
c. Tm m v n Q(x) = 2x
3
5x
2
13x + n v P(x) cng chia ht cho
x-2.
d. Vi n va tm c phn tch Q(x) ra tch cc tha s bc nht.
Bi 2: Cho P(x) = x
4
+ mx
3
+ nx
2
+ px + q. Bit Q(1) = 5; Q(2) = 7;
Q(3) = 9; Q(4) = 11. Tnh Q(10), Q(11), Q(12), Q(13).
28
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Bi 3 : Cho P(x) = x
4
+ 5x
3
4x
2
+ 3x + m v Q(x) = x
4
+ 4x
3
3x
2
+ 2x
+ n.
a. Tm gi tr ca m, n ca cc a thc P(x) v Q(x) chia ht cho x 2.
b. Vi gi tr ca m, n va tm c chng t rng a thc R(x) = P(x)
Q(x) ch c mt nghim duy nht
Bi 4: Cho P(x) = x
5
+ 2x
4
3x
3
+ 4x
2
5x + m.
1. Tm s d trong php chia P(x) cho x 2,5 khi m = 2010
2. Tm ga tr m P(x) chia ht cho x 2,5
3. P(x) c nghim x = 2. Tm m?
Bi5. Cho P(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e. Bit P(1) = 3, P(2) = 9,
P(3) = 19, P(4) = 33, P(5) = 51. Tnh P(6), P(7), P(8), P(9), P(10), P(11).
Bi 6: Cho a thc P(x) = x
10
+ x
8
7,589x
4
+ 3,58x
3
+ 65x + m.
a. Tm iu kin ca m P(x) c nghim l: x = 0,3648
b. Vi m va tm c, tm s d khi chia P(x) cho (x -23,55)
Bi 7 : 1.Cho x=2,1835 v y= -7,0216. Tnh
5 4 3 3 4
3 2 2 3
7x y-x y +3x y+10xy -9
F=
5x -8x y +y
2.Tm s d r ca php chia :
5 4 2
x -6,723x +1,658x -9,134
x-3,281
3. Cho
7 6 5 4 3 2
P(x)=5x +2x -4x +9x -2x +x +10x-m. T m m P(x) chia ht cho
a thc x+2
Bi 8:
a. Tm m P(x) chia ht cho (x -13) bit P(x) = 4x
5
+ 12x
4
+ 3x
3
+
2x
2
5x m + 7 b. Cho P(x) = ax
5
+ bx
4
+ cx
3
+ dx
2
+ ex + f bit P(1) =
P(-1) = 11; P(2) = P(-2) = 47; P(3)=107. Tnh P(12)?
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d. Bit P(1) = -15; P(2) =
-15; P(3) = -9. Tnh:
a. cc h s b, c, d ca a thc P(x).
b. Tm s d r
1
khi chia P(x) cho x 4.
c. Tm s d r
2
khi chia P(x) cho 2x +3.
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c. Bit P(1) = -25; P(2) =
-21; P(3) = -41. Tnh:
29
Tr ng Ngc Bn
a. Cc h s a, b, c ca a thc P(x).
b. Tm s d r
1
khi chia P(x) cho x + 4.
c. Tm s d r
2
khi chia P(x) cho 5x +7.
d. Tm s d r
3
khi chia P(x) cho (x+4)(5x +7).
4
+ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d. Bit P(1) = 0; P(2) =
4; P(3) = 18; P(4) = 48. Tnh P(2010)?
Bi 12: Chia P(x) = x
81
+ ax
57
+ bx
41
+ cx
19
+ 2x + 1 cho x 1 c s d
l 5. Chia P(x) cho x 2 c s d l - 4. Hy tm cp (M,N) bit rng
Q(x) = x
81
+ ax
57
+ bx
41
+ cx
19
+ Mx + N chia ht cho (x-1)(x-2)
3: Lin phn s:
30
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Cho a, b (a>b) l hai s t nhin. Dng thut ton clt chia a cho b,
phn s
a
b
c th vit di dng:
0
0 0
0
b a 1
a a
b
b b
b
+ +
V b
0
l phn d ca a
khi chia cho b nn b > b
0
. Do vy ta c
1
1 1
0
0 0
1
b b 1
a a
b
b b
b
+ +

Tip tc nh vy ta c sau n bc ta c:
0
0 0
1
n 2
n
b a 1
a a
1
b b
a
1
...a
a
+ +
+
+
.
Cch biu din ny gi l cch biu din s hu t di dng lin phn
s. Mi s hu t c mt biu din duy nht di dng lin phn s, n -
c vit gn l [ ]
0 1 n
a ,a ,...,a
.
Vn t ra l: hy biu din lin phn s
0
1
n 1
n
1
a
1
a
1
...a
a
+
+
+
v dng
a
b

v ngc li
Vi s tr gip ca my tnh ta c th tnh mt cch nhanh chng.
* Qui trnh bm my fx-500MS:
1). Tnh t di ln trn:
Bm ln lt cc phm:
b/ c b/ c b/ c
n 1 n n 2 0
a 1a a a 1a Ans ...a 1a Ans

+ + +
2). Tnh t trn xung di:
Bm ln lt cc phm:
+ + + +
b/ c b/ c b/ c
0 1 2 n 1 n
a (1a (a 1a ( a ...a 1( a a )))))))))
V d 1 : Tnh gi tr ca:
1
A 1
1
2
1
3
2
+
+
+
Gii:
Qui trnh bm trn my fx-500MS
*Cch 1: Bm cc phm:
b/ c b/ c b/ c b/ c
3 1a 2 2 1a Ans 1 1a Ans SHIFT a + + +
23
( )
16

*Cch 2: Bm cc phm: + + +
b/ c b/ c b/ c
1 (1a (2 (1a ( 3 (1a 2))))
23
16
_

,
31
Tr ng Ngc Bn
V d 2: Bit
15 1
1
17
1
1
a
b
+
+
trong a v b l cc s dng. Tm a,b?
Gii:
Ta c:
15 1 1 1 1
17 2 1 1
17
1 1 1
15 1
15 15
7
2 2

+ + +
+
. Vy a = 7, b = 2.
Bi tp vn d ng:
B i 1 : Tnh v vit kt qu di dng phn s:
5 1
A 3 B 7
4 1
2 3
5 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
5
4
2
3
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
B i 2 :
Tm cc s t nhin a v b bit:
329 1
1
1051
3
1
5
1
a
b
+
+
+
B i 3 : Tm gi tr ca x, y ca cc phng trnh sau:
a.
x x
4
1 1
1 4
1 1
2 3
1 1
3 2
4 2
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
b.
y y
1 1
1 2
1 1
3 4
5 6
+
+ +
+ +
Bi 6: Cho
12
A 30
5
10
2003
+
+

Hy vit li A di dng [ ]
0 1 n
A a ,a ,...,a
?
32
Tr ng Ngc Bn
4.Dy s:
1. Lp quy trnh tnh s hng Dy s cho bi cng thc
s hng tng qut:
dy s (u
n
) cho bi
trong f(n) l biu thc ca
n cho trc.
Cch lp quy trnh:
- Ghi gi tr n = 1 vo nh A : 1 SHIFT STO A
- Lp cng thc tnh f(A) v gn gi tr nh
:
A = A + 1
- Lp du bng: = ... = ...
Gii thch:
1 SHIFT STO A : ghi gi tr n = 1 vo nh A
f(A)

:
A = A + 1 : tnh u
n
= f(n) ti gi tr A (khi bm du
bng th ln nht) v thc hin gn gi tr nh A thm 1 n
v: A = A + 1 (khi bm du bng ln th hai).
* Cng thc c lp li mi khi n du =
V d 1: Tnh 10 s hng u ca dy s (u
n
) cho bi:

1 1 5 1 5
; 1, 2, 3...
2 2 5
n n
n
u n
1
_ _
+
1

1
, ,
]
Gii:
- Ta lp quy trnh tnh u
n
nh sau:
33
u
n
= f(n), n N
*
Tr ng Ngc Bn
1 SHIFT STO A
(
1
5
)

(

(

(
1 + 5
)

2
)

ANPHA A
- (

(

1
-
5
)

2
)

ANPHA A
)
ANPHA
:
ANPHA A ANPHA =
ANPHA A + 1 =
- Lp li phm: = ... = ...
kt qu: u
1
= 1, u
2
= 1, u
3
= 2, u
4
= 3, u
5
= 5, u
6
= 8, u
7
= 13, u
8
= 21,
u
9
= 34, u
10
= 55.
2 . Lp quy trnh tnh s hng Dy s cho bi h thc
truy hi dng:
dy s (u
n
) cho bi
trong f(u
n
) l biu
thc ca
u
n
cho trc.
Cch lp quy trnh:
- Nhp gi tr ca s hng u
1
: a =
- Nhp biu thc ca u
n+1
= f(u
n
) : ( trong biu thc ca u
n+1
ch
no c u
n
ta nhp bng ANS )
- Lp du bng: =
Gii thch:
- Khi bm: a = mn hnh hin u
1
= a v lu kt qu ny
- Khi nhp biu thc f(u
n
) bi phm ANS , bm du = ln th nht
my s thc hin tnh u
2
= f(u
1
) v li lu kt qu ny.
- Tip tc bm du = ta ln lt c cc s hng ca dy s u
3
, u
4
...
V d 1: Tm 20 s hng u ca dy s (u
n
) cho bi:
34
1
n + 1 n
u = a
u = f (u ) ; n N *
'

Tr ng Ngc Bn

1
1
1
2
, *
1
n
n
n
u
u
u n N
u
+

+
'

Gii:
- Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh cc s hng ca dy s nh sau:
1 = (u
1
)
(
ANS + 2
)

(
ANS + 1
)
= (u
2
)
= ... =
- Ta c cc gi tr gn ng vi 9 ch s thp phn sau du phy:
u
1
= 1 u
8
= 1,414215686
u
2
= 1,5 u
9
= 1,414213198
u
3
= 1,4 u
10
= 1,414213625
u
4
= 1,416666667 u
11
= 1,414213552
u
5
= 1,413793103 u
12
= 1,414213564
u
6
= 1,414285714 u
13
= 1,414213562
u
7
= 1,414201183 u
14
=...= u
20
= 1,414213562
V d 2: Cho dy s c xc nh bi:

( )
3
3
1
3
1
3
, *
n n
u
u u n N
+
'

Tm s t nhin n nh nht u
n
l s nguyn.
Gii:
- Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh cc s hng ca dy s nh sau:
SHIFT
3
3 = (u
1
)
ANS
SHIFT
3
3 = (u
2
)
= = (u
4
= 3)
Vy n = 4 l s t nhin nh nht u
4
= 3 l s nguyn.
35
Tr ng Ngc Bn
3. Lp quy trnh tnh s hng Dy s cho bi h thc
truy hi dng:
Dy s (u
n
) cho bi

Cch lp quy trnh:
* Cch 1:
Bm phm: b SHIFT STO A
A + B
a + C SHIFT STO B
V lp li dy phm:

A + ANPHA A
B + C SHIFT STO A

A + ANPHA B
B + C SHIFT STO B

Gii thch: Sau khi thc hin
b SHIFT STO A
A + B
a + C SHIFT STO B
trong nh A l u
2
= b, my tnh tng u
3
:= Ab + Ba + C = Au
2
+ Bu
1
+
C v y vo trong nh B , trn mn hnh l: u
3
: = Au
2
+ Bu
1
+ C
Sau khi thc hin:
A + ANPHA A
B + C SHIFT STO A my
tnh tng u
4
:= Au
3
+ Bu
2
+ C v a vo nh A . Nh vy khi ta c
u
4
trn mn hnh v trong nh A (trong nh B vn l u
3
).
Sau khi thc hin:
A + ANPHA B
B + C SHIFT STO B my
tnh tng u
5
:= Au
4
+ Bu
3
+ C v a vo nh B . Nh vy khi ta c
u
5
trn mn hnh v trong nh B (trong nh A vn l u
4
).
Tip tc vng lp ta c dy s u
n+2
= Au
n+1
+ Bu
n
+ C
*Nhn xt: Trong cch lp quy trnh trn, ta c th s dng chc
nng COPY lp li dy lp bi quy trnh sau (gim c 10 ln bm
phm mi khi tm mt s hng ca dy s), thc hin quy trnh sau:
Bm phm: b SHIFT STO A
A + B
a + C SHIFT STO B
36
1 2
n+2 n+1 n
u = a, u b
u = A u + B u + C ; n N*
'

Tr ng Ngc Bn

A + ANPHA A
B + C SHIFT STO A

A + ANPHA B
B + C SHIFT STO B
SHIFT COPY
Lp du bng: = ... = ...
* Cch 2: S dng cch lp cng thc
Bm phm: a SHIFT STO A b SHIFT STO B
ANPHA C ANPHA = A ANPHA B + B ANPHA A + C
ANPHA
:
ANPHA A ANPHA = ANPHA B
ANPHA
:
ANPHA B ANPHA = ANPHA C
Lp du bng: = ... = ...
V d : Cho dy s c xc nh bi:

1 2
n+2 n+1 n
u = 1, u 2
u = 3u + 4u + 5 ; n N*

'
Hy lp quy trnh tnh u

n
.
Gii:
- Thc hin quy trnh:
2 SHIFT STO A
3 + 4
1 + 5 SHIFT STO B
3 + ANPHA A
4 + 5 SHIFT STO A
3 + ANPHA B
4 + 5 SHIFT STO B
SHIFT COPY
= ... = ...
37
Tr ng Ngc Bn
ta c dy: 15, 58, 239, 954, 3823, 15290, 61167, 244666, 978671...
Hoc c th thc hin quy trnh:
1 SHIFT STO A 2 SHIFT STO B
ANPHA C ANPHA = 3 ANPHA B + 4 ANPHA A + 5
ANPHA
:
ANPHA A ANPHA = ANPHA B
ANPHA
:
= ... = ...
ta cng c kt qu nh trn.
38
Tr ng Ngc Bn
4.Dy s cho bi h thc truy hi vi h s bin thin
dng:
Dy s (u
n
) cho bi
* Thut ton lp quy trnh tnh s hng ca dy:
- S dng 3 nh: A : cha gi tr ca n
B : cha gi tr ca u
n
C : cha gi tr ca u
n+1
- Lp cng thc tnh u
n+1
thc hin gn A = A + 1 v B := C
tnh s hng tip theo ca dy
- Lp phm : =
V d : Cho dy s c xc nh bi:

( )
1
n+1 n
u = 0
n
u = u +1 ; n N*
n+1
'
Hy lp quy trnh tnh u

n
.
Gii:
- Thc hin quy trnh:
ANPHA C ANPHA =
(
ANPHA A

(
ANPHA A + 1
) )

(
ANPHA B + 1
)
ANPHA
:
ANPHA A ANPHA =
ANPHA A + 1 ANPHA
:
39
{ } ( )
1
n+1
u = a
u = , ; n N*
n
f n u
'
Trong { } ( )
,
n
f n u
l
k hiu ca biu thc
u
n+1
tnh theo u
n
v n.
Tr ng Ngc Bn
= ... = ... ta c dy:
1 3 5 7
, 1, , 2, , 3, ,...
2 2 2 2

5. Lp cng thc s hng tng qut:
Phng php gii:
- Lp quy trnh trn MTCT tnh mt s s hng ca dy s
- Tm quy lut cho dy s, d on cng thc s hng tng qut
- Chng minh cng thc tm c bng quy np
V d 1: Tm a
2004
bit:
Gii:
- Trc ht ta tnh mt s s hng u ca dy (a
n
), quy trnh sau:
ANPHA C ANPHA = ANPHA A
(
ANPHA A + 1
)

( (
ANPHA

A

+
2 ) (
ANPHA

A

+
3 ) )
(
ANPHA B + 1
)
ANPHA
:
ANPHA A ANPHA =
ANPHA A +
1
ANPHA
:
ANPHA

B

ANPHA = ANPHA C

- Ta c dy:
1 7 27 11 13 9
, , , , , ,...
6 20 50 15 14 8
- T phn tch cc s hng tm quy lut cho dy trn:
a
1
= 0
a
2
=
1 5 1.5
6 30 3.10

d on cng thc s hng tng qut:
a
3
=
7 2.7 2.7
20 40 4.10

a
4
=
27 3.9
50 5.10
* D dng chng minh cng thc (1) ng

40
1
1
0
( 1)
( 1) ; *
( 2)( 3)
n n
a
n n
a a n N
n n
+

+
'
+
+ +
( 1)(2 1)
10( 1)
n
n n
a
n
+
+
(1)
vi mi n N
*
bng quy np.
Tr ng Ngc Bn
...
2004
2003.4009
20050
a
41
Tr ng Ngc Bn
V d 2 : Xt dy s:
Chng minh rng s A = 4a
n
.a
n+2
+ 1 l s chnh phng.
Gii:
- Ta co s s hng u ca dy (a
n
) bng quy trnh:
- Ta c dy: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55,...
- Tm quy lut cho dy s:
1
1(1 1)
1
2
a
+

2
2(2 1)
3
2
a
+

d on cng thc s hng tng qut:
3
3(3 1)
6
2
a
+

4
4(4 1)
10
2
a
+

5
5(5 1)
15
2
a
+

* Ta hon ton chng minh cng thc (1)
...
T : A = 4a
n
.a
n+2
+ 1 = n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) +1 = (n
2
+ 3n +
1)
2
.
A l mt s chnh phng.
Cch gii khc: T kt qu tm c mt s s hng u ca dy,ta
thy:
- Vi n = 1 th A = 4a
1
.a
3
+ 1 = 4.1.6 + 1 = 25 = (2a
2
- 1)
2
- Vi n = 2 th A = 4a
2
.a
4
+ 1 = 4.3.10 + 1 = 121 = (2a
3
- 1)
2
- Vi n = 3 th A = 4a
3
.a
5
+ 1 = 4.6.15 + 1 = 361 = (2a
4
- 1)
2
T ta chng minh A = 4a
n
.a
n+2
+ 1 = (2a
n+1
- 1)
2
(*)
Bng phng php quy np ta cng d dng chng minh c (*).
Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Cho dy s (u
n
), (n = 0, 1, 2,...):

( ) ( )
2 3 2 3
2 3
n n
n
u
+
42
1 2
*
2
1, 3
2 1;
n n n
a a
a a a n N
+

'
+
( 1)
2
n
n n
a
+
ng vi mi n N
*
(1)
Tr ng Ngc Bn
a) Chng minh u
n
nguyn vi mi n t nhin.
b) Tm tt c n nguyn u
n
chia ht cho 3.
Bi 2: Cho dy s (a
n
) c xc nh bi:

2
1
2
4 15 60 , *
o
n n n
a
a a a n N
+

'
+
a) Xc nh cng thc s hng tng qut a

n
.
b) Chng minh rng s: ( )
2
1
8
5
n
A a +
biu din c di dng tng
bnh phng ca 3 s nguyn lin tip vi mi n 1.
Bi 3: Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi:

1
2 1
0, 1
1999 ,
o
n n n
u u
u u u n N
+ +

'

Tm tt c s t nhin n sao cho u

n
l s nguyn t.
Bi 4: Cho dy s (a
n
) xc nh bi:

1 2
1 1
5, 11
2 3 , 2,
n n n
a a
a a a n n N
+

'

Chng minh rng:

a) Dy s trn c v s s dng, s m.
b) a
2002
chia ht cho 11.
Bi 5: Cho dy s (a
n
) xc nh bi:

1 2
2
1
2
1
2
, 3,
n
n
n
a a
a
a n n N
a
+ '

Chng minh a
n
nguyn vi mi n t nhin.
Bi 6: Dy s (a
n
) c xc nh theo cng thc:
( )
2 3 , *
n
n
a n N
1
+
1
]
; (k hiu ( )
2 3
n
1
+
1
]
l phn nguyn ca s( )
2 3
n
+ ).
Chng minh rng dy (a
n
) l dy cc s nguyn l.
43
Tr ng Ngc Bn
5. Hnh Hc:
1/. Gii tam gic:
* Mt s cng thc: 1/. Cc h thc trong tam gic vung:
2/. T s lng gic ca gc nhn:
3/ Cc cng thc tnh din tch tam gic:
SinC SinB SinA R S
r c P r b P r a P S
r P S
R
c b a
S
c b a
P c P b P a P P S
SinB A c SinA c b SinC b a S
h c h b h a S
ABC
c b a ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
ABC
c b ABC
. . . 2 . / 7
) ( ) ( ) ( . / 6
. . / 5
4
. .
. / 4
2
... ) )( )( .( .. / 3
. .
2
1
. .
2
1
. .
2
1
. / 2
.
2
1
.
2
1
.
2
1
. / 1
2
+ +

* Cc dng ton:
V d 1: Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC, bit:
AB = 4,123 ; BC = 5,042 ; CA = 7,415
HD: Ta c : S ABC =
) )( )( ( sin . .
2
1
sin . .
2
1
sin . .
2
1
c P b P a P P B a c A c b C b a
T ta c:
A
;
B
;
C

Bi 2: Tnh cnh BC, gc B , gc C ca tam gic ABC, bit:
AB = 11,52 ; AC = 19,67 v gc
A
54
o
3512
p s: BC = ;
B
;
C
Bi 3: Tnh cnh AB, AC, gc C ca tam gic ABC, bit:
BC = 4,38 ;
A
54
o
3512 ;
B
101
o
157
p s: AB= ; AC = ;
C
Bi 4: Tam gic ABC c ba cnh: AB = 4,123 ; BC = 5,042 ; CA =
7,415
im M nm trn cnh BC sao cho: BM = 2,142
1) Tnh di AM?
2) Tnh bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABM
44
Tr ng Ngc Bn
3) Tnh bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ACM.
p s: 1) AM = 2) R = 3) r =
Bi 5: Tam gic ABC c:
B
49
o
27 ;
C
73
o
52 v cnh BC = 18,53.
Tnh din tch S ca tam gic ?
p s: S =
Bi 6: Tam gic ABC c chu vi 58 (cm) ;
B
57
o
18 v
C
82
o
35
Tnh di cc cnh AB, BC, CA ?
p s: AB = ; BC = ; CA =
Bi 7: Tam gic ABC c 90
o
<
A
< 180
o
v sinA = 0,6153 ; AB = 17,2 ;
AC = 14,6.
Tnh: 1) di cnh BC ? Trung tuyn AM ?
2) Gc
B
?
3) Din tch tam gic S = ?
p s: BC = ; AM = ;
B
; S =
Bi 8: Tam gic ABC c
A
90
o
; AB = 7 (cm) ; AC = 5 (cm).
Tnh di ng phn gic trong AD v phn gic ngoi AE ?
p s: AD = ; AE =
2 . a gic, hnh trn:
1/. a gic u n cnh, di cnh l a :
+ Gc tm:
2
n

(rad), hoc:
360
o
a
n
()
+ Gc nh:
2
A
n
n

(rad), hoc
2
A .180
n
n
()
+ Din tch:
cot
4 2
na
S g
2/. Hnh trn v cc phn hnh trn:

+ Hnh trn bn knh R:
- Chu vi: C = 2 R
- Din tch: S = R
2
45
a A
O
.
O
R
Tr ng Ngc Bn
+ Hnh vnh khn:
- Din tch: S = (R
2
- r
2
) = (2r + d)d
+ Hnh qut:
- di cung: l = R ; ( : rad)
- Din tch:
2
1
2
S R
( : rad)

2
360
R a
(a: )
Bi 9: Ba ng trn c cng bn knh 3 cm i mt tip xc ngoi
(Hnh v)
Tnh din tch phn xen gia ba ng trn ?
H.Dn:
SBi 10: Cho hnh vung ABCD, cnh a = 5,35. Dng cc ng trn
tm A, B, C, D c bn knh R =
2
a
. Tnh din tch xen gia 4 ng trn
.
H.Dn: S
gch
= S
ABCD
- 4S
qut
S
qut
=
1
4
S
H.trn
=
1
4
R
2
S
gch
= a
2
- 4.
1
4
R
2
= a
2
-
1
4
a
2

= a
2
(1 -
1
4
)
6,142441068
Bi 11: Cho ng trn tm O, bn knh R = 3,15 cm. T mt im A
ngoi ng trn v hai tip tuyn AB v AC (B, C l hai tip im thuc
(O) ). Tnh din tch phn gii hn bi hai tip tuyn v cung trn nh
BC. Bit OA = a = 7,85 cm.
H.Dn:
- Tnh :
3,15
cos
7, 85
OB R
OA a

46
.
O
R
r
d
.
O
R
O
1 O
2
A
B
D C
B
Tr ng Ngc Bn

1
3,15
cos
7, 85
S
OBAC
= 2S
OBA
= aRsin
S
qut
=
2 2
.2 .
360 180
R R
S
gch
= S
OBAC
- S
qut
= aRsin -
2
.
180
R

11,16 (cm
2
)
Bi 12: Tnh din tch phn c t m trong hnh trn n v (R =
1) (Xem hnh 1)
p s:
Bi 13: Tnh t l din tch ca phn c t m v din tch phn
cn li trong hnh trn n v (Xem hnh 2)
p s:
47
A
C

O
Hnh 1 Hnh 2
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Phn III: mt s thi ( h THCS )
S GDT QUNG NGI THI GII TON TRN MY TNH CASIO
TRNG THCS DTNT BA T BC TRUNG HC NM HC 2008-2009
chnh thc
H v tnhc sinh:
Lp: cp THCS.
Thii gian: 150 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi : 13/12/2008.
Ch : - ny gm: 4 trang.
- Th sinh lm bi trc tip trn bi thi ny.
IM TON BI THI
CH K CA GIM KHO
Bng s Bng ch GK1 GK2
Quy nh: Nu khng gia thch g thm, hy tnh kt qu chnh xc n 10 ch s.
Bi 1: (10 im)
Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau v in kt qu vo vung:
a) A =
( )
4 2 4
0, 8: .1, 25 1, 08 :
4 5 25 7
1, 2.0, 5 :
1 5 1 2 5
0, 64 6 3 .2
25 9 4 17
_ _

, ,
+ +
_

,
KQ:
b) B =
3 3
847 847
6 6
27 27
+ +
c)
1
C 64
1
2
12
2
9
1
1
4
4
+
+
+
+
+
d)
( ) ( )
0 0 0 2 0
D tg25 15' tg15 27' cotg35 25' cotg 78 15'

e) Bitt: cosA = 0,8516 ; tgB = 3,1725 ; sinC = 0,4351.
Tnh : E = cotg(A + B C) ?
Bi 2: (6 im)
48
E =
A =
B =
C =
D =
Ch k ca GT1:
Ch k ca GT2:
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Tm gi tr ca x, y, z di dng phn s (hoc hn s) t cc phng trnh sau ri in kt qu vo
vung :
a)
1 1 1
x. 4
2 1 3
3 1 2
3 1 5
5 1 4
4 7
2
7 6
9 8
_

+ +

+ + +

+ + +

,
+ +
b)
y y
5
1 1
1 4
1 1
5 2
3 3

+ +
+ +
c)
1 3 1
4 : 0, 003 0, 3 .1
1 2 20 2
: 62 17, 81: 0, 0137 1301
1 1 3 1 20
3 2, 65 .4: 1, 88 2 .
20 5 25 8
z
1 _ _

1
, ,
1 +
_ _
1
+

1
, , ]

Bi 3: (10 im)
a) Tm cc s t nhin a v b bit rng:
7463 1
24
1
307
3
1
4
1
a
b
+
+
+
+
b) Tm CLN v BCNN ca 170586104 v 157464096.
c) Tm s d ca php chia: 987654312987654321 cho 123456789.
d) Tm ch s hng chc ca 17
2008

e) Tm s ln nht v s nh nht trong cc s t nhin c dng
5 4 3 2 a b c
chia ht cho 13
Bi 4: (1im)
Cho u
1
= 2008; u
2
= 2009 v u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
vi mi n 2. Xc nh u
13
?
49
y =
a = b =
CLN =

z =
r =
BCNN =

x =
S ln nht l:
S nh nht l:
Tr ng Ngc Bn
Bi 5: (3,5 im )
Cho a thc : P (x) = x
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d v cho bit: P(1) = -15; P(2) = -15; P( 3) = -9.
a) Lp h phng trnh tm cc h s b, c, d ca P(x).
Gii: b, c, d l nghim ca h phng trnh sau:

...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
'

...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
'

b = c = d =
b) Tm s d r v a thc thng Q(x) trong php chia P (x) cho (x - 13).
Bi 6: (1im)
Cho a thc : F(x) = x
5
+ 2x
4
3x
3
+ 4x
2
5x + m 2008. Tm gi tr ca m

phng trnh F(x) = 0
c mt nghim l x = -1,31208.
B i 7 : ( 1,5 im) Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, bit AC = 3AB . Trn cnh AC ly im D sao cho DC
= AB. Tnh tng s o

ACB ADB +
?
Bi 8: (2 im) Cho tam gic ABC c
0
A 120
; AB = 4cm ; AC = 6cm v trung tuyn AM. T B, k BH
vung gc vi AC tai H v t M, k MK vung gc vi AC ti K (H, K AC). Tnh di ng trung
tuyn AM.
50
Cch gii:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
H
B
M
K
C
4
6
120
0
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U
13
=
r

=
m =
Q(x)

=

ACB ADB +
=
B
A D C
Tr ng Ngc Bn
in kt qu vo vung:
Bi 9: (3im)
Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 8,91cm ; AC = 10,32cm v
0
BAC 72
. (Tnh chnh xc n 3 ch s thp
phn).
a) di ng cao BH.
b) Din tch tam gic ABC.
c) di cnh BC.
in kt qu vo vung:
BH = S
ABC
= BC =
Bi 10: (2im)
Cho hnh thang vung ABCD (BC // AD ;

0
B C 90
) c AB = 12,35cm ; BC = 10,55cm ;
0
ADC 57
.
a) Tnh chu vi ca hnh thang ABCD.
b) Tnh din tch ca hnh thang ABCD.
c) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ADC.
( Lm trn n )
in kt qu vo vung:
C
ABCD
= S
ABCD
=
DAC
= ;
DCA
=
51
Cch gii:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A
10,32
C
B
8,91
72
0
H
AM =
A B
57
0
D H C
Tr ng Ngc Bn
S GDT QUNG NGI THI GII TON TRN MY TNH CASIO
TRNG THCS DTNT BA T BC TRUNG HC NM HC 2008-2009
chnh thc P N V BIU IM
Bi 1: (10 im)
Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau v in kt qu vo vung:
Mi cu ng 2 im
a) A =
( )
4 2 4
0, 8: .1, 25 1, 08 :
4 5 25 7
1, 2.0, 5 :
1 5 1 2 5
0, 64 6 3 .2
25 9 4 17
_ _

, ,
+ +
_

,
KQ:
b) B =
3 3
847 847
6 6
27 27
+ +
c)
1
C 64
1
2
12
2
9
1
1
4
4
+
+
+
+
+
d)
( ) ( )
0 0 0 2 0
D tg25 15' tg15 27' cotg35 25' cotg 78 15'

e) Bitt: cosA = 0,8516 ; tgB = 3,1725 ; sinC = 0,4351.
Tnh : E = cotg(A + B C) ?
Bi 2: (6 im)
Tm gi tr ca x, y, z di dng phn s (hoc hn s) t cc phng trnh sau ri in kt qu vo
vung : Mi cu ng 2 im
a)
1 1 1
x. 4
2 1 3
3 1 2
3 1 5
5 1 4
4 7
2
7 6
9 8
_

+ +

+ + +

+ + +

,
+ +
52
E = 0,206600311
x =
301
16714
A = 2
1
3

B = 3
C =
673
43382
673
310
64

D = 0,266120976
Tr ng Ngc Bn
b)
y y
5
1 1
1 4
1 1
5 2
3 3

+ +
+ +
c)
1 3 1
4 : 0, 003 0, 3 .1
1 2 20 2
: 62 17, 81: 0, 0137 1301
1 1 3 1 20
3 2, 65 .4: 1, 88 2 .
20 5 25 8
z
1 _ _

1
, ,
1 +
_ _
1
+

1
, , ]

Bi 3: (10 im) Mi cu ng 2 im
a) Tm ccc s t nhin a v b bit rng:
7463 1
24
1
307
3
1
4
1
a
b
+
+
+
+
b) Tm CLN v BCNN ca 170586104 va 157464096.
c) Tm s d ca php chia: 987654312987654321 cho 123456789.
d)Tm ch s hng chc ca 17
2008

e)Tm s ln nht v s nh nht ntrong cc s t nhin c dng
5 4 3 2 a b c
chia ht cho 13
Bi 4: (1im)
Cho u
1
= 2008; u
2
= 2009 v u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
vi mi n 2. Xc nh u
13
?
Bi 5: (3,5 im )
Cho a thc : P (x) = x
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d v cho bit: P(1) = -15; P(2) = -15; P( 3) = -9.
a) Lp h phng trnh tm cc h s b, c, d ca P(x). ( 2 im)
53
y =
41
8
363
a = 3 b = 7
CLN = 13122008

z = 6
r = 9
BCNN = 2047033248

4
S ln nht l:
5949372
S nh nht l:
U
13
= 468008
Tr ng Ngc Bn
G ii : b, c, d l nghim ca h phng trnh sau:

3 2
3 2
3 2
1 .1 .1 15
2 .2 .2 15
3 .3 .3 9
b c d
b c d
b c d
+ + +
+ + +
'
+ + +

b+c+d=-16
4b+2c+d=-23
9b+3c+d=-36
'

b = -3 c = 2 d = -15
b) Tm s d r v a thc thng Q(x) trong php chia P (x) cho (x - 13). (1,5 im)
Bi 6: (1im)
Cho a thc : F(x) = x
5
+ 2x
4
3x
3
+ 4x
2
5x + m 2008. Tm gi tr ca m

phng trnh F(x) = 0
c mt nghim l x = -1,31208.
Bi 7: ( 1,5 im) Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, bit AC = 3AB . Trn cnh AC ly im D sao cho DC
= AB. Tnh tng s o

ACB ADB +
?
Bi 8: (2 im) Cho tam gic ABC c
0
A 120
; AB = 4cm ; AC = 6cm v trung tuyn AM. T B, k BH
vung gc vi AC tai H v t M, k MK vung gc vi AC ti K (H, K AC). Tnh di ng trung
tuyn AM.
in kt qu vo vung:
Bi 9: (3im)
Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 8,91cm ; AC = 10,32cm v
0
BAC 72
. (Tnh chnh xc n 3 ch s thp
phn).
54
AM = 2,645751311 cm
Cch gii:
.Ta c
0 0 0
180 120 60 BAH
Nn AH = AB. cos
0
4.cos 60 2 BAH
cm
Mt khc: BH//MK (gt) m MB = MC
Suy ra KH = KC
6 2
4
2 2 2
HC AC AH + +
cm
v MK =
1
2
BH ( v MK l ng trung bnh ca BCH )
=
0 0
1 1
sin .4.sin 60 2.sin 60
2 2
AB BAH
Do
2 2 2 0 2
2 (2.sin 60 ) AM AK MK + + = 2,645751311 cm
A
H
B
M
K
C
4
6
120
0
r

= 1701
m = 1,985738113
Q(x)

= x
2
+ 10x +132

ACB ADB +
= 45
0
Tr ng Ngc Bn
a) di ng cao BH.
b) Din tch tam gic ABC.
c) di cnh BC
Mi cu ng 1 im
ien ket qua vao o vuong:
BH = 8,474 cm S
ABC
= 43,726 cm
2
BC = 11,361 cm
Bi 10: (2 im)
Cho hnh thang vung ABCD (BC // AD ;

0
B C 90
) c AB = 12,35cm ; BC = 10,55cm ;
0
ADC 57
.
a) Tnh chu vi ca hnh thang ABCD.
b) Tnh din tch ca hnh thang ABCD.
c) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ADC.
( Lm trn n )
Gii:
a) Ta c AD =
0
10, 55
sin57
sin
AH
D

; DH = AH. cotg
D
= 10,55.cotg57
0

(1 ) Nn
C
ABCD
= 2AB + BC +DH +AD = 2.12,35 + 10,55 +10,55.cotg57
0

+
0
10, 55
sin57
= 54,68068285 cm
b) S
ABCD
=
0
( ). (12, 35 12, 35 10, 55.cot 57 ).10, 55
166, 4328443
2 2
AB CD BC g + + +
cm
2

(0,5 )
c) Ta c : tg
10, 55
12, 35
AH
DCA
HC

Suy ra
0
41 DCA
. Do

0 0
180 ( ) 82 DAC D DCA +
(0,5 )
in kt qu vo vung:
CCH XP GII K THI MTCT CASIO CP TRNG
C
ABCD
= 54,68068285 cm S
ABCD
= 166,4328443 cm
2
DAC
= 82
0
;
DCA
= 41
0
55
Cch gii:
a) Ta c BH = AB Sin
BAC
= 8,91.sin72
0
= 8,474 cm
b) S
ABC
=
1
2
AC.BH =
1
2
10,32.8.474 = 43,726 cm
2
c) Ta c AH = AB. cos = 8,91.cos72
0
= 2,753 cm
Suy ra HC = AC AH = 10,32 2,753 = 7,567 cm

Do BC =
2 2 2 2
8, 474 7, 567 11, 361 BH HC + + cm
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A
10,32
C
B
8,91
72
0
H
A B
57
0

D H C
Tr ng Ngc Bn
NM HC : 2008 2009
- Gii nht: T 36 n 40 im
- Gii nh: T 32 n 36 im
- Gii ba: T 28 n 32 im
- Gii KK: T 20 28 im
C. Kt lun v kin ngh :
ng dng ca my tnh trong vic gii ton l mt vn ln, i
hi ngi hc phi c tnh sng to, c t duy tt v k nng vn dng l
thuyt mt cch linh hot. Chnh v l , trong qu trnh ging dy,
ngi gio vin cn chun b chu o, t m, r rng tng th loi bi
tp c th hc sinh hiu su bn cht v cch vn dng. Xy dng
cho cc em nim am m, hng th trong hc tp, tn trng nhng suy
ngh, kin v sng to ca cc em. Cn thng xuyn kim tra, nh
gi kt qu hc tp, b sung thiu st kp thi, dy su, dy chc v
kt hp nhun nhuyn, lgic gia cc bi khc nhau.
Trong qu trnh bin son: Cc dng ton thi HSG gii ton trn
my tnh casio khng ch gip cho hc sinh yu thch hc b mn ton,
m cn l c s gip cho bn thn c thm kinh nghim trong ging dy
v ngi bin son nhn ra cc nhn xt c trng sau :
56
Tr ng Ngc Bn
1. My tnh in t gip cng c cc kin thc c bn tng tc
lm ton.
2.My tnh in t gip m rnh cc kin thc ton hc
3. My tnh in t gip lin kt kin thc ton hc vi thc t
Mc d rt c gng khi bin son, song khng th trnh khi
thiu st v cu trc lgc, ngn ng v kin thc khoa hc. V vy
mt ln na ti rt mong nhn c nhng gp kin gp chn thnh
ca thy c v bn c. Xin chn thnh cm n!
Cm xuyn, Ngy 07
thng 10 nm 2010
Ngi bin son
Trng Ngc Bn
57

Chuyen de Giai Toan Tren May Tinh Casio Lop 8

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Chuyen de Giai Toan Tren May Tinh Casio Lop 8

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Ti liu bi d ng "Gii ton trn my tnh Casio " bin son:

Lm cc php tnh thng

Lm thng k hai bin

Gii h phng trnh bc nht hai n

Gii h phng trnh bc nht ba n

Gii phng trnh bc hai mt n

Gii phng trnh bc ba mt n

C chn s s l thp phn

C chn hin s dng : a.10

C chn s dng thng

Ch du cch phn nguyn v phn thp phn l du (.)

Ch du cch phn nguyn v phn thp phn l du (,)

1732 x 968 (mod2004)

b ta c thut ton sau :

sa v th cc s t 57; 58; ...;98; 99. ta c 3 s :

) lun tn ti mt a thc thng

Ti liu bi d ng "Gii ton trn my tnh Casio " bin son:

Ti liu bi d ng "Gii ton trn my tnh Casio " bin son:

Hy lp quy trnh tnh u

Hy lp quy trnh tnh u

* D dng chng minh cng thc (1) ng

a) Xc nh cng thc s hng tng qut a

Tm tt c s t nhin n sao cho u

Chng minh rng:

2/. Hnh trn v cc phn hnh trn:

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