CHUYN : CC DNG BI TP AXIT GII THEO CNG THC

Th.S Trn Quc Ton Khoa Ha - HSP Thi Nguyn

A. CC DNG TON V CNG THC GII

1.DNG 1: Tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh H2 mMui clorua = mKL + 71. nH 2 Cu 1: Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 22,4 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . Hng dn gii. mMui clorua = mKL + 71 nH 2 = 10 + 71. 1 = 81 gam Cu 2: Cho 1,75 gam hn hp kim lai Fe, Al, Zn tan han ton trong dung dch HCl, thu c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch khi lng mui khan thu c l: A. 5,5 gam B. 3,525 gam. C. 5,12 gam. D. 5,3 gam. 2.DNG 2: Tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long gii phng kh H2. mMui sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 Cu 3: Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . Hng dn gii. mMui Sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 = 10 + 96. 0,1 = 29,6 gam Cu 4: (H-KA-2007). Ho tan hon ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Al bng lng va dd H2SO4 long thu c 1,344 lit kh (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l: A. 9,52 B. 10,27 C. 8,98 D. 7.25 3.DNG 3: Tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to mui sunfat v H2O. PTP: M2On + nH2SO4 long M2(SO4)n + nH2O mMui sunfat = mOxit + 80 n H 2 SO 4 Cu 5 :(H-KA-2007). Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Mg = 24, S = 32, Fe = 56, Zn = 65) A. 6,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 5,81 gam. Cu 6: Cho 25 gam hn hp bt gm 5 oxit kim loi ZnO, FeO, Fe3O4, MgO, Fe2O3 tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Kt thc phn ng, khi lng mui c trong dung dch X l A. 36g. B. 38 . C. 39,6 g. D. 39,2g. 4.DNG 4: Tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl to mui clorua v H2O. PTP: M2On + 2nHCl MCln + nH2O mMui clorua =mOxit + 27,5 n HCl = mOxit + 55 n H 2 O Cu 7: Cho 4,291 gam hn hp A gm Fe3O4 , Al2O3 v CuO tc dng va vi 179 ml dung dch HCl 1M. C cn dung dch thu c khi lng mui khan l A. 9,1415 gam B. 9,2135 gam C. 9,5125 gam D. 9,3545 gam Cu 8: Cho 50 gam hn hp 5 oxit kim loi gm ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 , MgO tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 4 M (va ) thu c dung dch X. Lng mui c trong dung dch X bng: A. 79,2 gam B. 78,4 gam C. 72 gam D. 94 gam 5.DNG 5: Tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh CO2 v H2O. PTP: M2(CO3)n + 2nHCl 2MCln + nCO2 + nH2O mMui clorua = mMui cacbonat + 11. n CO 2 Cu 9: Ho tan 8,18g hn hp 2 mui Na2CO3 v CaCO3 bng dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch X v 1,792 lt kh ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 7,95g B. 9,06g C. 10,17g D. 10,23g

Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton 7,02g hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt kh ( ktc). Dung dch thu c em c cn c 7,845g mui khan. Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,344 lt B. 1,232 lt C. 1,680 lt D. 1,568 lt 6. DNG 6: Tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c to sn phm kh ( SO2 , S, H2S ) v H2O M + H2SO4 c M2(SO4)n + sn phm kh (SO2, S, H2S ) + H2O
96 .( 2nSO 2 + 6 nS + 8nH 2 S ) = mKL +96.( nSO 2 + 3 nS + 4nH 2 S ) 2

mMui sunft = mKL +

* Lu : - Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua - n H 2 SO 4 = 2nSO 2 + 4 nS + 5nH 2 Cu 11: Ho tan ht 16,3g hn hp kim loi gm Fe, Al, Mg trong dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng thu c 0,55mol SO2. C cn dd sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c l : A. 69,1g B. 96,1g C. 61,9g D. 91,6g Cu 12: Cho 11,9 gam hn hp Al v Zn tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 c , nng thu c 3,92 lt hn hp hai kh H2S v SO2 c t khi i vi H2 l 23,429 . Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng . A. 57,5 g B. 49,5g C. 43,5g D. 46,9 g 7.DNG 7: Tnh khi lng mui nitrat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 gii phng kh : NO2 ,NO,N2O, N2 ,NH4NO3 M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + sn phm kh (NO2 ,NO,N2O, N2 ,NH4NO3 ) + H2O mMui Nitrat = mKL + 62( n NO 2 + 3nNO + 8nN 2 O +10n N 2 +8n NH 4 * Lu : - Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua
3
NO
3

) +80n NH 4

NO

- n HNO = 2nNO 2 + 4 nNO + 10nN 2 O +12nN 2 + 10nNH 4 NO 3 Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton 3,58 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe,Cu bng dd HNO3 thu c hh sn phm gm 0,04 mol NO v 0,06 mol NO2. Khi lng mui c trong dd sau P (khng cha mui amoni) l A. 16,58 g B. 15,32 g C. 14,74g D. 18,22g Cu 14: Cho 21 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Cu , Al tc dng hon ton vi lng d dd HNO3 thu c 5,376 lt hn hp hai kh NO , NO2 c t khi so vi H2 l 17 . Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng . A. 38,2 g B. 38,2g C. 48,2 g D. 58,2 g Cu 15: Cu 36. Ha tan 1 hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B trong axit HNO 3 long. Kt thc phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y c 0,1 mol NO ; 0,15 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol N2O. Bit rng khng c phn ng to mui NH4NO3. S mol HNO3 phn ng : A. 0,75 mol B. 0,9 mol C. 1,2 mol D. 1,05 mol Cu 16: Cho 1,35gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tac dung vi HNO3 d c 1,12lit NO va NO2 co khi lng trung binh la 42,8. Bit th tich khi o ktc. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra la: A. 9,65g B. 7,28g C. 4,24g D. 5,69g Cu 17: (H-KB-2011). Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X? A. 7,68 gam. B. 10,56 gam. C. 3,36 gam. D. 6,72 gam. Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 2,16g Mg bng dung dch HNO3 d, thy thot ra 0,896 lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l A. 6,52 gam. B. 8,88 gam. C. 13,32 gam. D. 13,92 gam. Cu 19:(H-KA-2009). Ha tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N 2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 97,98. B. 106,38. C. 38,34. D. 34,08

8.DNG 8: Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bng HNO3 d gii phng kh NO v NO2 . mMui =
242 ( mhn hp + 24. nNO + 8. nNO 2 ) 80

Cu 20: Ha tan ht 7 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 d thu c 1,792 lt (ktc ) kh X gm NO v NO2 v m gam mui . Bit dX/H 2 = 19. Tnh m ? Hng dn gii. mMui = Ta c : nNO = nNO 2 = 0,04 mol
242 242 ( mhn hp + 24 nNO + 8 nNO 2 ) = ( 7+ 24.0,04 + 8.0,04 )= 25,047 gam 80 80 Cu 21.(H-KA-2008). Ha tan ht 11,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch

HNO3 long d thu c m gam mui v 1,344 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht . Tm m ?. A. 35,50g B. 34,36g C. 49,09g D. 38,72g 9.DNG 9: Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c, nng, d gii phng kh SO2 . mMui =
400 ( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 ) 160

Cu 22: Ha tan ht 30 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng, d thu c 11,2 lt kh SO2 (ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Hng dn gii. mMui =
400 400 ( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 ) = ( 30 + 16.0,5 ) = 95 gam 160 160

Cu 23: (H-KB-2009). Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 52,2. B. 48,4. C. 54,0. D. 58,0. Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vo lng d dung dch axit H2SO4 c nng ta thu c 8,96 lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 120 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 41,6 gam B. 46,1 gam C. 64,1 gam D. 61,4 gam 10 .DNG 10: Tnh khi lng Fe hoc hn hp cht rn trong bi ton kinh in v Fe + H SO ac , HNO O Fe (m gam) + cht ran X (m1 ) Fe3+ + sn phm kh (SO2, S, NO, NO...) Ta c mFe ban u = 0,7.m cht rn + 5,6.nelectron sn phm kh nhn hay m = 0,7.m1 + 5,6.nelectron sn phm kh nhn Cu 25.(H-KB-2007). Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi , thu c 3g hn hp cht rn X . Ha tan ht hh X Trong dd HNO3 d th thu c 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO ( l sn phm duy nht ) . Gi tr m l : A. 2,22 B. 2,32 C. 2,42 D. 2,52
2 2 4 3

B. BI TP LUYN TP
Cu 1. Ho tan hon ton 1,45g hn hp 3 kim loi Zn, Mg, Fe vo dung dch HCl d thu c 0,896 lit H 2 (ktc). C cn dung dch ta c m (g) mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 4,29 g B. 2,87 g C. 3,19 g D. 3,87 g Cu 2: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi tr ca m l A. 35,7 gam. B. 46,4 gam. C. 15,8 gam. D. 77,7 gam. Cu 3. Cho 230 gam hn hp ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 0,896 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l: A. 228,22 gam B. 230,44 gam C. 217,44 gam D. 219,22 gam Cu 4. Cho 19 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Fe tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng d thu c V lt kh SO2 (ktc) v 86,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l: A. 15,68 B. 16,8 C. 17,92 D. 20,16 Cu 5: (C-2011). Ho tan hon ton 13,00 gam Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch X v 0,448 lt kh N2 (ktc). Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l A. 18,90 gam. B. 37,80 gam. C. 28,35 gam. D. 39,80 gam.

Cu 6 : t chy mg Fe trong O2 sau 1 thi gian thy c 6,72 lt kh O2 phn ng (ktc)v thu c 4 cht rn . Ho tan 4 cht rn ny trong HNO3 d th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc). Ga tr ca m l : A. 22,4 g B. 11,2 g C. 3,36g D. 33,6g
Cu 7. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 1,344lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti a 12,88 gam Fe. S mol HNO3 trong dung dch u l A. 1,04 B. 0,64 C. 0,94 D. 0,88 Cu 8. Cho 13,24 gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu, Mg tc dng vi oxi d thu c 20,12 gam hn hp 3 oxit. Nu cho 13,24 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch Y v sn phm kh duy nht l NO. C cn dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 64,33 B. 66,56 C. 80,22 D. 82,85 Cu 9. Ha tan ht 2,06 gam hh 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu bng dd HNO 3 thu c 0,896 lt NO (ktc). Khi lng mui c trong dung dch sau P (khng cha mui amoni) l A. 9,5g B. 7,44 g C. 7,02 g D. 4,54 Cu 10. Cho 8,2 g hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo dd HCl d, thy thot ra 3,136 lt kh (ktc). C cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Ga tr ca m l A. 13,17 B. 18,14 C. 13,31 D. 21,64 Cu 11. Ho tan hon ton 7,4g hn hp gm Fe v Cu vo lng d dung dch hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng. Sau phn ng thu c 5,04 lt NO2 (ktc) v 1,12 lt SO2 (ktc). Khi lng Cu trong hn hp ban u l: A. 3,2 B. 4,6 C. 4,23 D. 5,0