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1. Gii thiu
Hu nh mi ai trong chng ta bit ci t h iu hnh cho my tnh th bit n thut ng "Ghost" (General Hardware-Oriented Software Transfer). Ai cng bit ghost l sn phm ca hng Symantec dng sao lu v backup cng. N gip chng ta gim c rt nhiu thi gian cho vic ci t my, nht l vi cc cng ty my tnh, dch v internet, nhn vin qun tr mng... Vi mt my n l th vic ghost ny qu thng dng, ai cng lm c. Tuy nhin khi chng ta c mt h thng mng th n gin chng ta s lu cc image ghost ca cc my con ln mt my ng vai tr my ch ri ri khi my con c s c chng ta s tin hnh ghost qua mng. Nh vy mi khi cn phc hi h iu hnh cho mt my chng ta khng cn phi m tng my ri gn cng c cha image vo ghost rt mt cng, cng nh trnh c ghost nhm do s xut. Hin ti c nhiu bi vit trn mng ni nhiu v vn ny. Tuy nhin bi vit ny ti mun cp n vn ghostcast server h tr bootrom PXE. C ngha l mi ln cn tin hnh ghost, my con khng cn c mm, cdrom hay usb, ch cn cc my con ni mng vi nhau v card mng c h tr bootrom Pxe l c th thc hin c ri. Vy ghostcast khc vi ghost thng thng qua mng nh th no. Vi ghost thng thng, my ch chng ta to mt th mc share v trong th mc s lu cc image ca cc my con trong mng. Cc my con c th boot t a mm, cdrom, usb hoc bootrom PXE c h tr cc giao thc kt ni mng nh TCP/IP kt ni c vi my ch, sau s "ly" image t my ch m phc hi li h iu hnh cho my. Tuy nhin vic ghost c nhiu bt tin l my ch lc ny ng vai tr l mt File server cho cc my con nhn image hay l lu image m thi, nh vy khi c nhiu my con kt ni vo th qu trnh ghost s rt chm do my ch khng p ng cng nh bng thng mng d b nghn. Chnh v vy ghostcast ra i khc phc cc vn ny. Vy ghostcast lm vic nh th no? Vi ghostcast th mt qu trnh ghost s yu cu c 2 ng dng cng chy l ghostcast server chy ti my ch v ghostclient ti my con. My ch s t c thng tin t cc image lu sn ri truyn n cho cc my con hoc l nhn thng tin t cc my con to image lu trn my ch. V vy my ch khng cn phi to th mc ri share nh cch ghost qua mng c bn. V sao li gi l ghostcast? Do qu trnh ghost ny h tr cc giao thc truyn d liu l Broadcast, Unicast v Multicast. 1 Phm Minh Trit - minhtrietpham@gmail.com
- Broadcast: Vi giao thc ny my ch s gi c i d li u n t t c my con n m trong ng subnet mng lan a . Chnh v vy m my ch ch cn c mt gi tin mt ln nhng tt c cc my con trong mng u nhn gi tin . Nh vy vi mt h thng mng c 1 my hay nhiu my th v l thuyt my ch cng hot ng vi cng sut ging nhau cng nh h thng mng cng chim bng thng nh nhau. Hay ni cch khc thi gian ghost cho mt my hay nhiu my u ging nhau. Tuy nhin nhc im chnh ca Broadcast l n s gi d liu n tt c cc my trn mng, ngay c nhng my chng ta khng cn tin hnh ghost. Chnh v vy m c my ch v cc my khng mun nhn d liu ny cng phi tiu tn thm ti nguyn, h thng mng d b nghn mch. - Unicast: phng php ny cng ging nh trong mng lan dng share d liu. Khi cc my con trong mng yu cu bao nhiu gi d liu th my ch s cung cp chng gi d liu mc d cc gi c th ging nhau. Nh vy ghost cho 20 my con th xem nh my ch phi x l gp 20 ln so vi ghost 1 my. iu ny s gy qu ti cho my ch cng nh nghn bng thng ca mng. Tuy nhin khc vi Broadcast l my ch ch gi d liu n my con no yu cu thi ch khng gi cho ton mng. Cc phng php ghost qua mng c bn dng image t th mc share trn my ch chnh l dng giao thc ny. Trong trng hp tin hnh ghost to image t mt my con lu trn my ch th c th dng Unicast v lc ch c 1 my con hot ng m thi. - Multicast: phng php ny ra i khc phc nhc im ca 2 phng php trn. C ngha l my ch ch gi 1 gi d liu cho tt c cc my con c nhu cu nhn d liu. Nh vy my ch t tn ti nguyn m bng thng mng cng gim. Vi ghostcast dng multicast th vi mt phng my c nhiu my th thi gian ghost cho tt c cc my con khng lu hn nhiu so vi thi gian ghost cho mt my. Do cc u im nh vy nn ghostcast rt ph hp ghi ghost 1 image cho mt phng my c cu hnh ging nhau hoc l mt image ghost a cu hnh cho phng my c nhiu cu hnh khc nhau. ********************* Hin ti trn internet c bi vit ting Vit v ghostcast ny nhng rt s xi v khng h tr bootrom, v cng c mt s kin khc dng kt hp vi phn mm bootrom BXP cho php my con boot t bootrom PXE tin hnh ghostcast. Tuy nhin vic ci t BXP khng d vi ngi no cha lm bootrom. Chnh v vy trong bi vit ny ti s hng dn chi tit tng bc, cng nh s dng cc phn mm min ph (tr phn mm Symantec Ghostcast server), n gin nhng tin li gip mi ngi d thc hnh
Cng chn hng u tin: Install Console and Stand Tools n y th giao din ging nh chng ta ci t t file setup.exe trong th mc ghost\install.
Sau phn ci t s yu cu nhp thng tin khch hng, s cdkey... nh l ci t cc chng trnh thng dng khc cho n khi ci t hon tt. Lc t Start -> Program chng ta s thy biu tng chng trnh Ghostcast (Symantec Ghost) c ci t nh sau:
y l phn ci driver cho a boot mng. C 2 ty chn: 1. Nu cc my client ch c 1 loi Nic th chng ta chn ng loi Nic t danh sch trn 2. Nu cc client c nhiu loi Nic th chng ta chn Multicard Template Trong trng hp ny chng ta chn Multicard Template Tip theo click Next
Do phn trc chn Multicard Template nn y chng ta nhn phm Ctrl chn nhiu loi Nic
phn ny chn h iu hnh Dos cho a boot mng. Mc nh chn PC-DOS ri Click Next qua phn sau.
Click Next
mc nh ri click Next
Lc ny chng ta chun b 2 a mm tt, khng cn format sn v trong qu trnh to a boot mng a s c format. Do trn a boot mng s c km file ghost.exe nn v vy chng trnh s to ra b a boot mng gm 2 a mm. u tin t a 1 vo, chng trnh s format a, sau khi format xong chng ta tt bng format chng trnh copy cc file cn thit vo
Sau khi copy xong a 1, bng sau s xut hin thng bo chng ta t a 2 vo
Sau khi t a 2 vo chng ta chn OK, qu trnh format ri copy file vo a li din ra nh phn trc. Sau khi a 2 copy xong th chng ta hon tt qu trnh to a mm boot mng. * Sau t a 1, dng Notepad m file autoexec.bat ri xa cc dng c bi en (xanh) nh hnh v cc dng cui t phn goto AND -> :FAILED -> :END (Do b a s gm 2 a nn mc nh khi boot mng s c xut hin nhc nh chng ta t a 2 vo nn chng ta xa cc dng trong phn bi en b qua thng bo nhc nh . Tht ra ch cn b dng pause trong on FLPYBOOT l c, tuy nhin y chng ta ch boot mng thi nn xa lun cc dng khng cn thit).
Sau khi c a xong t menu File chng ta chn Save, chn tn file cn save (vd l bootdisk vi phn m rng l ima: bootdisk.ima )
Sau khi save xong chng ta s lm thao tc copy (add) cc file trn a 2 vo image ny. Trn a 2 ch c 1 file ghost.exe nm trong th mc ghost (file autoexec.bat khng cn add vo). T mn hnh ca Winimage (ang m file bootdisk.ima), chn menu Image ri chn Change format ri chn 2.88 MB nh hnh ri Ok
Tip theo click chn vo th mc GHOST trn a A ri ko th mc ny sang ca s chnh ca Winimage nh hnh trn. Ch ko v tr n ng du \ ngay cu trc cy ca s bn tri sao cho sau khi copy xong th file ghost.exe s nm ng trong th mc ghost nh hnh di.
Sau t menu File chn Save l hon tt phn to file image boot mng
c cp l 30. (Cc thng s ny c th iu chnh li cho ph hp vi h thng mng c sn...) phn Boot File chng ta cng lm nh hnh l nhp vo tn file Pxelinux.0. File ny chng ta s cp phn sau.
Sau click vo Save lu li phn cu hnh. Tip theo click vo tab Settings cu hnh cho TFTP v cc thnh phn khc nh hnh sau
- Trong th mc pxelinux.cfg to file text c tn l default c cha cc dng sau: default menu.c32 PROMPT 0 TIMEOUT 100 LABEL Boot Dos Ghostcast KERNEL memdisk append initrd=bootdisk.ima Ch : file ny tn l default v khng c phn m rng. Chng ta c th dng Notepad to file ny ri save ra default.txt, sau i li tn thnh default
Session Name: Nhp mt tn bt k, y xem nh m s m my client s nhp vo khi mun kt ni vi my ch ghostcast, vd nhp vo abc Restore Image: Mc nh c chn tin hnh phc hi h iu hnh cho my con t image lu sn trn my ch. Khi chn chc nng ny th phn Image File chng ta click vo Browse ri ch n image c to sn trc v lu my ch. y file 1.gho l file image ca 1 my con to sn. Create Image: chn chc nng ny khi mun to image cho my con lu trn my ch. Khi chn chc nng ny th phn Image File chng ta chn Browse n th mc cn lu image v nhp vo tn image s to ra (xem nh t tn trc) Sau khi chn cc phn trn chng ta click vo Accept Clients cho php cc client ang chy ghostcast ( t file ghost.exe) c th kt ni vi my ch ghostcast. Ch : my con sau khi kt ni c my ch (sau khi my ch chn Accept Clients) th sau khi chn cc thao tc nh khi tin hnh ghost bnh thng trn 24 Phm Minh Trit - minhtrietpham@gmail.com
dos vi file ghost.exe th qu trnh ghost s cha c thc thi m phi ch i lnh t my ch. Vic ny mc ch cho php khi chng ta tin hnh ghostcast cho 1 phng my th cc my con chng ta lp li thao tc nh trn cho tt c cc my, n khi cc my con trng thi ch th lc chng ta s ra lnh t my ch th lc tin trnh ghostcast mi c thc thi bi v phng php Multicast yu cu qu trnh phi tin hnh ng thi. Vic ra lnh c th thc hin t ng hay th cng: - Thc hin th cng: ch cn click Send - Thc hin t ng: thng qua phn Auto Start vi cc ty chn sau: * Time: ch nh khong thi gian m khi ht thi gian ny my ch s ra lnh ghostcast * Client Count: ch nh s lng my con kt ni m khi s kt ni th my ch t ng pht lnh cho cc my con tin hnh ghost. * Timeout : ch nh thi gian m my ch s ra lnh ghostcast sau khi my con u tin kt ni vo
pha trn yu cu chng ta nhp vo session name c quy nh t my ch ang chy ghostcast server. Do phn trn (6.1.1) chng ta t tn cho session l abc nn y s nhp vo abc phn Discovery Method: chng ta c th chn Automatic t ng tm my ch ghostcast hay l chn Server IP Address ri nhp vo IP ca my ch. Nu trong h thng mng hin ti ch c 1 my ch ghostcast ang chy th chng ta ch cn chn automatic ri click OK l xong. Nu my ch chng ta cha chy Symantec Ghostcast, hoc session name my con chng ta khai bo khng ging vi my ch, hoc my ch cha cho php kt ni (cha chn vo Accept Clients) th tin trnh s d tm rt lu v sau chng ta s c thng bo li nh sau:
Cn nu mi thng tin u ng th lp tc chng ta c chuyn sang giao din ghost nh hnh di:
Lc ny mi thao tc u ging nh khi chng ta ghost trn dos bnh thng (Image to Partition). Sau khi chng ta chn xong v click Ok th qu trnh ghost s vo trng thi ch, lc no c lnh t my ch ghostcast th qu trnh ghost mi c thc thi. Nu ghost mt phng my th chng ta lp li thao tc ny trn tt c cc my con, sau khi "a" ht cc my con vo trng thi ch th lc mi pht lnh t my ch qu trnh ghostcast c thc thi hon ton. * Ch : v nguyn tc th khi dng giao thc multicast th ch c my ch ghostcast v cc my con ang chy ghost client kt ni n my ch mi trao i d liu vi nhau, cn cc my khc trn mng khng chy ghost client th khng nh hng g. Tuy nhin nu khi ghost vi multicast m c vn nh nghn bng thng, my ch chy qu ti th chng ta hy cch ly cc my khng chy ghost bng cch tt cc my hay rt cp mng trc khi tin hnh ghostcast.
Sau chy Setupmgr.exe (chy chng trnh ny t ng to tn my (computername) ngu nhin cho cc my sau khi ghost) - Sau khi chy chng ta chn Create a new answer file -> Sysprep Install. Tip theo chn h iu hnh t danh sch hin ra. Tip theo chn Yes, fully automate the installation. Sau nhp cc thng tin cn thit vo nh khi ci t windows. Tip theo in cdkey vo. phn Computer Name chng ta chn Automatically generate computer name
Cc bc sau khai bo nh khi ci t windows, sau khi kt thc chng trnh hi ng dn lu file sysprep.inf th chng ta chn mc nh nh hnh
Nu ch mc ch thay i SID th bc ny chng ta khng chn g c v click Reseal. Mt bng xut hin thng bo l sau khi khi ng li my th SID s c to mi ngu nhin
Nu phng my c mt s my c cu hnh khc nhng khng khc bit nhiu th c th chn phn MiniSetup v PnP sau khi ghost my s khi ng v chy qu trnh Minisetup nhn din li phn cng.
Mc d trn chng ta chn l Automatically generate computer name tuy nhin ty vo b windows ang dng (retail, corp, oem) m sau khi ghost, my khi ng li c th t ng to tn my ngu nhin hoc xut hin mn hnh yu cu nhp vo tn my...
Ri chn Configure Options Tip theo trong bng xut hin tm n nhnh 066 (Boot Server Host Name)
phn String value nhp vo IP hay tn ca my ch, trong trng hp ny l 192.168.1.100 Tip theo chn 067 (Bootfile name) v nhp vo tn boot file l Pxelinux.0 nh hnh di.
Sau Apply tr v mn hnh chnh. y chng ta s thy xut hin 2 Scope option l 066 v 067
- Tip theo m Services chng ta s thy c 1 service l Trivial FTPDaemon. Chn li trng thi t Manual sang Automatic ri Start dch v Vy l chng ta cu hnh xong ton b dch v DHCP v TFTP cho my ch win2k3. Ch cn ci thm Symantec Ghostcast server na l tr thnh mt my ch ghostcast ri.
10. Cch add thm driver cho cc loi Nic mi khng c sn trong danh sch
Do trong danh sch support driver Nic c sn ca Symantec ghost corporate edition 8.2 vn cn thiu nhiu loi Nic sau ny, nht l cc loi Nic gigabit. Chnh v vy chng ta phi add th cng thm cc loi driver cho Nic ang dng. Cch lm nh sau: 10.1. Down load hoc copy t a driver i km cc file driver. y cn gi l Packet driver hay NDis2 driver. Nu l Packet driver th file c dng *.com v Ndis2 driver th c dng *.dos. Symantec Ghostcast cho php h tr c 2 loi driver ny. Thng thng trn cc a driver th packet driver s nm trong th mc PKTDRV(gm file chnh l *.com) cn NDIS2 driver nm trong th mc NDIS hoc NDIS2(gm 2 file chnh l *.dos v oemsetup.inf) V d di y chng ta add driver cho Nic gigabit RTL8169 T trang realtek.com.tw chng ta vo phn down load driver cho Dos s thy phn Ndis2 driver for dos... v Norton ghost. Chng ta download v v gii nn ra, trong c 2 file chnh l RTGBND.DOS v OEMSETUP.INF. M Symantec Ghost Boot Wizard
Click vo Setup ri browse n th mc cha Ndis2 driver chng ta mi gii nn ra trong c cha 2 file l RTGBND.DOS v OEMSETUP.INF
Sau click OK
Vy l hon tt vic add thm mt driver mi cho Symantec ghostcast. ************* Vic chn ng driver cho Nic rt quan trng, c nhiu Nic khng h tr multicast nn khi tin hnh ghost vi multicast s b trc trc. gii quyt trng hp ny chng ta nn cp nht driver mi nht t hng sn xut. Trong qu trnh ci t nu my con boot v np ghost.exe ri chy ghostcast m b trc trc th vn hay lin quan n driver.
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