Bi ging mn hc H qun tr C s d liu II

Ging vin: L Th Nhung B mn Cng ngh phn mm Khoa CNTT Email: ltnhung@hua.edu.vn D: 0917885996

Gii thiu mn hc
S VHT: 4 (3LT+1TH) Ni dung: Qun tr CSDL vi h qun tr CSDL MS SQL Sever 2005 v ngn ng lp trnh T-SQL Ti liu tham kho: - Bi ging ca gio vin - Phm Hu Khang - on Thin Ngn, SQL Server 2005 (Lp trnh T-SQL, Lp trnh th tc v hm, ), NXB Lao ng - X hi - Nguyn Thin Bng - Phng Lan, Khm ph SQL Server 2005, NXB Lao ng - X hi -

Phng thc tnh im mn hc:

u im Chuyn cn Bi tp ln Thi cui k

H s 0.1 0.3 0.6

Tng quan v H qun tr CSDL SQL Server

MS SQL Server l mt h qun tr CSDL quan h cho mng my tnh hot ng theo m hnh khch/ch (client/server) cho php nhiu ngi dng truy xut n CSDL ti cng mt thi im Qun l ngi dng, m bo vic truy nhp hp l v quyn hn ca ngi dng Qun tr CSDL

M hnh Client/Server
X l trn nhnh my trm (Client): gi yu cu v d liu ti my ch, c d liu ly t my ch, x l d liu nhn c, xut cc kt qu ra mn hnh hoc my in. X l trn nhnh my ch (Server): m bo quyn truy cp cho cc ngi dng trong h thng, x l cc yu cu c/ghi d liu t cc my trm v vn ng b d liu, qun tr c s d liu trn my ch.

u im ca SQL Server
Tnh bo mt cao m bo CSDL lun sn sng H tr lp trnh Nng cao hiu qu qun l, khai thc thng tin

Lch s pht trin ca Microsoft SQL server

Nm 1970: IBM a ra ngn ng truy vn c s d liu SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language) Nm 1985: IBM kt hp vi Microsoft xy dng h iu hnh OS/2 16/12/1987: Pht hnh h iu hnh OS/2 1.0. IBM d nh tch hp thm mt phn c s d liu SQL v a ra h iu hnh OS/2 m rng Nm 1988: Microsoft v Sybase gii thiu h qun tr c s d liu Ashton-Tate Microsoft xy dng h iu hnh Window NT Server v pht trin h qun tr c s d liu SQL server hot ng trn mi trng ny. Cc phin bn: 4.2, 4.21, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 2000, 2005

Cc phin bn ca SQL Server 2005

MS SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition MS SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition MS SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Edition MS SQL Server 2005 Developer Edition MS SQL Server 2005 Express Edition

Qun tr CSDL vi SQL Server Management Studio

C s d liu trong SQL Server 2005

Lu tr d liu: cc bng, bng o, th tc ni ti, Cu trc vt l ca mt CSDL bao gm ti thiu 2 tp tin: - Tp tin lu tr d liu (data file): .mdf (primary data file) - Tp tin lu vt giao tc (transaction log file): . ldf (log file) Cc thng s v kch thc tp tin: Logical name, File Type, Filegroup, Initial Size, Autogrowth, Path

Mt s CSDL h thng
Master: CSDL chnh, cha thng tin cc bng h thng Model: CSDL dng khun mu Tempdb: CSDL tm dng lu cc bng tm, cc kt qu trung gian trong qu trnh x l d liu Msdb: Dng qun l SQL Server Agent - dch v thc hin cc x l m ngi qun tr lp lch: sao lu, ng b d liu

To mi mt CSDL
Bc 1: Trong ca s Object Explorer, kch chut phi vo Databases, chn New Database

Bc 2: La chn cc thng tin cho CSDL c to:

1. t tn cho CSDL 2. Chn ch s hu 3. Chn thuc tnh cho cc tp CSDL 3.1 Chn kch thc khi to 3.3 ng dn ti tp

3.2 Ch tng kch thc t ng

Bc 2: (tip) Chn ch tng kch thc cho cc tp CSDL

Cho php t ng tng kch thc Tng theo t l % Tng theo lng MB Gii hn kch thc ti a Khng gii hn kch thc ti a

Sao lu CSDL
B1: Kch chut phi vo CSDL cn sao lu, chn Tasks/Backup

La chn cc thng s v ch ra file ch

CSDL ngun

File ch

Phc hi CSDL
phc hi CSDL: Trong menu chut phi ca Databases, chn Restore Database ri tip tc ch ra tn CSDL phc hi, file ngun (backup),

Phc hi CSDL (tip)

CSDL ch

Chn file sao lu

Bng d liu
L mt kiu t chc d liu s dng trong MS SQL Server 2005 Gm cc ct (cn gi l trng) biu th cc thuc tnh ca d liu v cc dng (cn gi l cc bn ghi) biu th cc i tng

Cc kiu d liu
Kiu d liu nguyn: - Bigint 8 bytes - Int 4bytes - Smallint 2bytes (gi tr nm trong on [-32768..32767] - Tinyint 1byte (gi tr nm trong on [0..255]) - Bit 1 bit, nhn gi tr 0,1 hoc null Kiu d liu thc: - Decimal 17bytes - Numeric 17bytes - Float 8bytes - Real 4bytes Kiu d liu chui c di c nh: - Char Nbytes (0<=N<=8000) Kiu d liu chui c di bin i: - Varchar Nbytes (1<=N<=8000) - Text Nbytes (1<=N<=2 t)

Cc kiu d liu (tip)

Kiu d liu dng chui dng Font Unicode: - nchar 2*Nbytes (1<=N<=4000) - nvarchar 2*Nbytes (1<=N<=4000) - ntext 2*Nbytes (1<=N<=1t) Kiu d liu tin t: - Money 8bytes - Smallmoney 4bytes Kiu d liu ngy, gi: - Datetime: 8bytes(t 01/01/1753-31/12/9999) - Smalldatetime: 4bytes(t 01/01/190006/06/2079) Kiu d liu dng chui nh phn: - Binary Nbytes (1<=N<=8000) - varBinary Nbytes (1<=N<=8000) - Image Nbytes (1<=N<=2^31)

Cc kiu d liu (tip)

Sql_variant: lu d liu cha xc nh kiu, tr kiu text, ntext, image, timestamp v sql_variant Timestamp: dng 8 bytes lu d liu nh phn c to t ng duy nht trong CSDL Uniqueidentifier: dng 16 bytes lu d d liu nh phn c to t ng duy nht trong CSDL Xml: lu tr d liu theo nh dng Xml * Nhm d liu User-Defined Data Type: ngi dng t nh ngha

To bng trong CSDL

Bc 1: Kch chut phi vo i tng Tables, chn New Table

Bc 2: Nhp tn cc trng v la chn cc thuc tnh tng ng:

Tn trng Kiu d liu Chp nhn gi tr Null

Danh sch cc kiu d liu Cc thuc tnh

t gi tr ngm nh hoc rng buc d liu

Bc 3: t tn v lu bng: Nhn Ctrl + S hoc kch chut vo nt Save, hoc vo menu File/SaveTable_1. ca s Choose Name, nhp tn bng ri nhn OK:

Nhp tn bng

Cc i tng trong bng

Ct Kha Rng buc d liu Trigger Ch mc Thng k

Cc rng buc ton vn d liu

Yu cu ton vn d liu: Xut pht t yu cu thc t. V d: Khi giao/nhn hng: S lng t hng>0 Ngy d kin nhn hng phi sau ngy t hng Cc s ha n giao hng khng c trng nhau

Cc rng buc ton vn d liu

Not null: Yu cu bt buc phi nhp d liu cho bng Check: Gi tr nhp vo nm trong min xc nh Unique: Gi tr nhp vo l duy nht Primary Key: Rng buc kha chnh Foreign Key: rng buc kha ngoi

V d v rng buc Null v min gi tr

To rng buc cho Ct Phantram nm trong bng VATTU: - Bt buc phi nhp gi tr - Gi tr nm trong on [0,100] Cch lm: - B1: M ca s thit k bng VATTU

B2: ct Phantram b la chn Allow Nulls B3: Kch chut phi vo ct Phantram chn Check Constraints (hoc kch chut phi vo i tng Constraints ca bng VATTU, chn New Constraint)

Khng cho php trng gi tr Kch vo y m ca s Check Constraints

C th m ca s Check Constraints t y

- B4: Nhp biu thc rng buc min gi tr vo Expression ri nhn Close.

Biu thc rng buc

Rng buc v tnh duy nht ca d liu

Yu cu: trong bng NHACC, yu cu d liu Tn nh cung cp l duy nht cho mi bn ghi. Cch lm: B1: Kch chut phi vo dng TenNCC, chn Indexes/Keys. B2: Nhn vo nt Add trong ca s Indexes/Keys thm rng buc

- B3: Chn cc thng s cho rng buc

2. Chn trng 3. Loi rng buc

1. Thm rng buc

Thit lp kha chnh cho bng

Kch chut phi vo trng c chn lm kha chnh, chn Set Primary Key. V d: chn MaVTu lm kha chnh * Ch : Nu kha c to t nhiu trng, cn chn cng lc tt c cc trng ri mi chn Set Primary Key.

V d v to kha ngoi
Yu cu: Thm kha ngoi cho bng CTDONDH: bng tham chiu l VATTU, trng lin kt l MaVTu. Cch lm: Bc 1: Kch chut phi vo Keys ca bng CTDONDH, chn New Foreign Key.

- Bc 2: trong ca s Foreign Key Relationships, bm chut vo nt ca mc Tables And Columns Specification v chn cc gi tr nh trong hnh ri nhn Ok
Tn mi quan h Bng kha chnh Trng lin kt Bng kha ngoi

- Bc 3: La chn cc thuc tnh phn Identity, Table Designer sau nhn Close ng ca s thit k kha.

Chnh sa cu trc v nhp d liu cho bng

Kch chut phi vo bng cn chnh sa/nhp d liu:

Chn Modify chnh sa cu trc bng

Chn Open Table nhp d liu cho bng

To m hnh quan h trong CSDL

Bc 1: Kch chut phi vo i tng Database Diagrams, chn New Database Diagram

Bc 2: Chn cc bng tham gia vo m hnh quan h

1. Chn bng

2. Kch vo nt Add thm bng vo quan h

Bc 3: Thit lp cc mi quan h gia cc bng: Ko trng kha chnh ca bng th nht th trc tip vo trng kha ngoi ca bng th 2, kim tra cc la chn ri nhn OK. V d:
Tn mi quan h Bng kha chnh Trng lin kt Bng kha ngoi

Bc 3: (tip) Nu mun t ng xa/cp nht d liu bng con khi c hnh ng xa/cp nht d liu bng cha th chn gi tr Cascade cho ty chn Delete/Update Rule tng ng.

Quy tc xa Quy tc cp nht

Bc 4: Lu M hnh quan h

Nhn Ctrl + S hoc kch chut vo nt Save hoc vo Menu File/Save, nhp tn cho m hnh quan h ri nhn OK.