I.

CUC GI TRONG GSM

C hai trng hp cuc gi xy ra trong mng GSM l: Cuc gi t MS. Cuc gi t mng c nh n MS.

1. Cuc gi t MS.

Gi s MS ang hot ng trng thi ri, ngi s dng quay tt c cc ch s thu bao b gi v bt u th tc cho cuc gi bng cch n phm gi (Ok hoc Yes). Lc , MS s gi thng bo trn knh RACH yu cu thm nhp. MSC nhn thng bo ny thng qua BTS v yu cu BSC cp cho MS mt knh SDCCH cho cc th tc nhn thc v nh du trng thi bn cho thu bao ny trong vic pht thng bo tm gi lc ny. BSC gi thng bo chp nhn thm nhp trn knh AGCH cho MS trong c thng bo v knh SDCCH cho cc th tc nhn thc. Nu thu bao ch gi l hp l th MSC/VLR s chp nhn yu cu thm nhp. Sau , MS mi thit lp cuc gi v cc ch s ca thu bao b gi. MSC s nh tuyn cuc gi n GMSC, tu theo thu bao b gi l di ng hay c nh m s ca n s c phn tch trc tip GMSC hay tip tc c nh tuyn n tng i qu giang ca mng PLMN. Khi knh ni sn sng th thng bo thit lp cuc gi t MS c MSC cng nhn v cp cho MS mt knh TCH ring. Sau i tn hiu tr li t thu bao b gi.

2. Cuc gi t mng c nh n MS.

Gi s mun thit lp mt cuc gi t thu bao c nh n thu bao di ng (v d thu bao A) th phi qua nhng bc sau nh hnh sau.

Hnh 5 6: Qa trnh thc hin cuc gi t mang ngoi n MS 1. Mt cuc gi t mng c nh c nh tuyn n GMSC yu cu ni mch vi thu bao A no . 2. GMSC yu cu HLR cho bit v tr hin hnh ca thu bao A. 3. HLR cung cp thng tin lin quan n v tr hin thi ca thu bao A cho GMSC. 4. Da vo GMSC s nh tuyn v gi thng tin cn thit n MSC m thu bao A ang c mt. 5. MSC yu cu VLR cung cp s liu v lin quan n thu bao A. 6. VLR cung cp cc thng tin v thu bao A cho MSC. 7. MSC tin hnh gi thu bao A trn tt c cc trm BTS thuc n kim sot v MSC khng bit thu bao A ang u. 8. Sau khi thu bao A nhc my bt u qu trnh trao i thng tin gia thu bao A v mng kim tra SIM v cch thc m ho trn ng truyn v tuyn. Sau VLR to ra TMSI v mng tin hnh ni mch.

9. Khi cuc gi kt thc, cc knh truyn dn logic v cc s liu lin quan cha trong cc phn t ca mng c gii phng v MSC ghi cc s liu v cc vo bng t hoc a cng. Hay chi tit cuc gi t Mng c nh sang mng di ng:

Hnh 5 7: qu trnh thit lp cuc gi t thu bao c nh n thu bao di ng

I.

CU TRC CM V KHUNG TRONG GSM.

2

1. Cu trc cc cm.
3 Bt bt u 58 bit d 26 bit tp liu c dt bo mt 58 bit d 3 liu c bit kt thc bo mt 8.25 bit bo v

C 5 loi cm d liu dng cho khung lu lng v iu khin. C th cu trc ca tng cm nh sau: Cm thng thng:

Cm FCCH:

3 bt Bt u

142 bt zero c nh

3 bit Kt thc

8.25 bt bo v

Cm SCH:

3 bt Bt u

39 bt D liu bo mt

64 bt Tp dt

39 bt D liu bo mt

3 bt Kt thc

68.25 bt Bo v m rng

8 bit Bt u

41 bit ng b

36 bit d liu bo mt

3 bit kt thc

68.25 bit bo v m rng

Cm RAHC: Cm gi:

3 bt Bt u

58 bt Pha trn

26 bt Tp dt

58 bt Pha trn

3 bt Kt thc

8.25 bt Bo v

Chc nng cc cm :

Cm thng thng: cm ny c s dng mang thng tin v cc knh lu

lng v cc knh kim tra. i vi knh la lng TCH cm ny cha 144 bit c m mt m, 2 bit c ly (ch cho knh TCH) trong 58 bit thng tin, 2 cp 3 bit ui 000 m bo rng b gii m viterbi bt u v kt thc trong mt trng thi bit, 26 bit hng dn (phn nh tng i ng tnh trng truyn sng cho my thu t b cn bng viterbi c th xy dng m hnh knh cc thi im loi b nh hng ca nhiu pha inh a tia) v khong bo v 8,25 bit trnh nh hng ca knh ln cn. Tng cng c 156,25 bits. Cm FCCH: Cm ny c s dng ng b tn s cho trm di ng. Cm cha 142 bit zero c nh to ra dch tn s +67,7kHz trn tn s nh danh, 2 cp 3 bit ui 000 chui bt khng ny sau khi sau khi iu ch GMSK cho mt sng hnh sin hon ton quanh tn s 68kHz cao hn tn s sng mang RF, 8.25 bit dng cho khong bo v. Cm SCH: cm ny dng ng b thi gian cho trm di ng. Cm cha 2*39 bit thng tin c mt m ha mang thng tin chi tit v cu trc khung (v s khung (FN)) ca khung TDMA v BSIC (Base Station Identity Code), 2 cp 3 bit ui 000 m bo bt u v kt thc ca khung mang thng tin cn thit, bit ng b l bit u tin m MS gii iu ch v l do ny m chui hng dn ko di 64 bit v n cng cho php ln hn rng tr a ng, thm khong bo v 8,25 bit.

Cm RACH: cm ny c s dng bi MS truy nhp ngu nhin khi to

mng v chuyn giao. N l burst u tin ca ng ln m BTS s gii iu ch t mt MS c th. Cng vi bit ng b cm cha 41 bit ng b ko di qu trnh gii iu ch, cm cha 36 bit thng tin, 8 bit bt u, 3 bit kt thc v khong bo v 68,25 bit b tr cho s lan truyn gia MS v BTS v cng ph hp vi cu trc mt cm cho mt khe thi gian.
1

 Cm gi (DB: Dummy Burst): Cm gi c pht i t BTS trong mt s trng hp lp kn nhng khe thi gian khng hot ng trn knh BCCH. Cm khng mang thng tin v c cu trc ging nh NB nhng cc bt mt m c thay th bng cc bit hn hp.

Hnh 1.8: Khun dng cc cm trong GSM *Tm li: Cc cm bnh thng c dng cho TCH v DCCH trn c chiu xui v ngc. Cc cm FCCH v SCH c dng trong TS0 ca nhng khung xc nh pht qung b bn tin ng b tn s v thi gian. Cc cm RACH c dng khi thng tin nhi y cc khe khng s dng trn chiu xui.

1. Cu trc khung trong GSM.

Hnh 5 - 9: Cu trc khung ca GSM

Trong mt khe thi gian gm c: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4.615 ms Khung 8 khe thi gian

576.92 s

Khe thi gian

57

26

57

8.25

156.25 bit

Hnh sau minh ha cu trc d liu trong cm thng thng.

Mi khe thi gian gm 156.25 bit trong ch c 114 bit mang thng tin d liu chia thnh 2 nhm 57 bit. chnh gia l 26 bit kh knh dng cho cn bng knh, 2 bit ring hai bn l 2 bit c (c ly nn) dng phn bit TS cha voide (TCH) hay d liu iu khin (FACCH). Mi thu bao ca GSM dng 1 TS cho knh ngc v 1 TS cho knh xui v c th dng 6 TS cn li o mnh tnh hiu ca 5 trm c s xung quanh v trm c s qun l. Cu trc khung thng thng trong 8 TS hp thnh 1 khung, 26 khung hp thnh 1 a khung, cc khung th 13 v 26 khng c dng cho lu lng m cho mc nh iu khin. 52 a khung hp thnh mt siu khung, 2048 siu kung hp thnh mt siu siu khung ng vi di l 3 gii 28 pht 54 giy. y thut ton bo mt d trn s hiu khung c th trong siu siu

khung nn mc bo mt cao (v s khung trong siu siu khung l rt ln).

a khung iu khin c 51 khung m bo rng bt k thu bao no GSM ( trong t bo ang phc v hay vng ln cn) c th nhn c SCH v FCCH t BCH m khng ph thuc n ang dng khung no v khe thi gian no.

I.

Cc thut ng vit tt.

GSM MS BSC MSC

English Global system for mobile Mobile station Base station controller Mobile services switching centrel

Vietnamese H thng thng tin di ng Trm di ng B iu khin trm gc Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng
8

VLR BTS RACH SDCCH AGCH GMSC HLR FCCH SCH DCCH TCH

Visitor location register Base transceiver station Random access channel Stand alone dedicated control channel Access grant channel Gate MSC Home location register Frequency correction channel Synchronization channel Dedicated control channel Traffic channel

B ghi dch tm tr Trm thu pht gc Knh truy cp ngu nhin Knh iu khin dnh ring ng mt mnh Knh cho php truy cp MSC cng B ghi dch thng tr Knh hiu chnh tn s Knh ng b Knh iu khin ring Knh lu lng