BI THUYT TRNH

CH :

NHM II_LP 34K05

NI DUNG CHNG I: DHCP L G? I.1:DHCP L G?

BI LM:

I.2:V SAO PHI DNG DCH V DHCP? CHNG II: CI T V CU HNH DCH V DHCP II.1: TM HIU MT S KHI NIM: II.1.a: Th no l server trong chng trnh client/server? II.1.b:Th no l client trong chng trnh client/server? II.1.c:Th no l m hnh client/server? II.2: CI T DCH V DHCP: II.2.a: Ci t: II.2.b: Cu hnh: II.2.c: Cu hnh cc thng s IP cp pht cho client: II.2.d : Qui trnh cp pht IP ca h thng mng s dng dch v DHCP CHNG III: QUN L, GIM ST HOT NG DHCP III.1: TI SAO PHI QUN L V GIM ST III.2: GIM ST V QUN L DCH V DHCP: CHNG IV: CC VN CN LI CA DHCP

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SLIDE,TM TI LIU:CU HNH CC THNG S CP PHT CHO CLIENT

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TM TI LIU:CI DT DCH V DHCP,GIM ST CC S KIN

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TM TI LIU :DHCP L G,GIM ST CC S KIN

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Chng I: DHCP L G?

I.1:DHCP L G? -DHCP l vit tt ca Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol -Dch v ny c kh nng cp pht mt cch t ng tt c cc thng s v a ch IP cho nhng my tnh tham gia vo h thng mng.

I.2:V SAO PHI DNG DCH V DHCP? -Chng ta s xt 2 trng hp sau thy c s hu ch ca dch v DHCP: +Trng hp khng s dng dch v DHCP:Khi cu hnh th cng t 20 n 30, bn phi gn a ch cho mi my trm trn mng. Ngi dng phi gi n bn bit a ch IP v bn khng mun ph thuc vo h cu hnh a ch IP. Cu hnh nhiu a chi DHCP IP c kh nng dn n li, rt kh theo di v s dn n li truyn thng trn mng. Cui cng bn s ht a ch IP i vi mng con no hoc i vi ton mng nu bn khng qun l cn thn cc a ch IP cp pht. Bn phi thay i a ch IP my trm nu n chuyn sang mng con khc. Ngi dng di ng i t ni ny n ni khc, c nhu cu thay i a ch IP nu h ni vi mng con khc trn mng. +Trng hp bn c s dng dch v DHCP:My ch DHCP t ng cho ngi dng thu a ch IP khi h vo mng. Bn ch cn c t phm vi cc a ch c th cho thu ti my ch DHCP. Bn s khng b ai quy ry v nhu cu bit a ch IP. DHCP t ng qun l cc a ch IP v loi b c cc li c th lm mt lin lc. N t ng gn li cc a ch cha c s dng. DHCP cho thu a ch trong mt khong thi gian, c ngha l nhng a ch ny s cn dng c cho cc h thng khc. Bn him khi b ht a ch. DHCP t ng gn a ch IP thch hp vi mng con cha my trm ny. Cng vy, DHCP t ng gn a ch cho ngi dng di ng ti mng con h kt ni.

Chng II: CI T V CU HNH DCH V DHCP:

II.1:TM HIU MT S KHI NIM: II.1.a:Th no l server trong chng trnh client/server: -Thut ng cha chng trnh server c dng cho nhng chng trnh thi hnh nh mt dch v trn ton mng. Cc chng trnh server ny chp nhn tt c cc yu cu hp l n t mi ni trn mng ,sau n thi hnh dch v v tr kt qu v my yu cu . SERVER SERVER cn c nh ngha nh l mt my tnh nhiu nh s dng (multiuser computer).V mt SERVER phi qun l nhiu CLIENTtrn mng gi n ,SERVER cung cp v iu khin cc tin trnh truy cp vo ti nguyn ca h thng.Cc ng dng chy trn SERVER phi c tch ri nhau mt li ca ng dng ny khng lm hng ng dng khc . -Cc chng trnh SERVER thng c thi hnh mc ng dng (tng ng dng) -Vai tr ca SERVER: +Nh l mt nh cung cp dch v cho cc CLIENTyu cu ti khi cn,cc dch v nh c sd liu, in n, truyn file +Cc ng dng SERVER cung cp cc dch v trn mng cc chc nng h tr cho cc hot ng trn cc my CLIENT hiu qu hn. +SERVER ng vai tr l nh qun tr mng v qun l ton b quyn truy cp d liu ca cc my CLIENTS. II.1.b:Th no l client trong chng trnh client/server:

-Mt chng trnh c gi l CLIENTkhi n gi cc yu cu ti cc my c chng trnh SERVER v ch i cu tr li t SERVERv cc my c chng trnh CLIENT c gi l my ti (CLIENT) -Vai tr ca CLIENT: +CLIENT c coi nh l nh s dng cc dch v trn mng do mt hay nhiu my ch cung cp +Mt my CLIENT trong m hnh ny c th l SERVER trong m hnh khc. II.1.c:Th no l m hnh client/server: -M hnh mng trong c cc my ch v my ti giao tip vi nhau theo mt hay nhiu dch v c gi l m hnh CLIENT /SERVER -Trong m hnh CLIENT/SERVER c chc nng hot ng chnh l s kt hp gia CLIENT/ SERVER vi s chia s ti nguyn v d liu u c trn 2 my . -Trn thc t th m hnh CLIENT/SERVER l s m rng t nhin v tin li cho vic truyn thng v mt SERVER c th ni vi nhiu SERVER khc nhm lm vic hiu qu v nhanh hn . -Hn na mt tin trnh lin tc qua li gia CLIENT v SERVER l s bt u t CLIENT,khi m CLIENTgi tn hiu yu cu ti SERVER. -M hnh CLIENT/SERVER ch mang tnh c im ca phn mm khng lin quan g ti phn cng mc d trn thc t yu cu cho mt my SERVERl cao hn nhiu so vi my CLIENT. -u: +Ngi s dng c th khai thc nhiu d liu t xa nh: gi v nhn file,tm kim thng tin

+L nn tng cho ngi php tch hp k thut hin i nh m hnh thit k hng i tng -Nhc: +Tnh an ton v bo mt khng cao v phi trao i d liu gia 2 my 2 khu vc khc nhau nn d dng xy ra hin tng thng tin truyn trn mng b l. II.2:CI T DCH V DCHP: -Mt my tnh sau khi ci t v cu hnh dch v DHCP th my tnh tr thnh DHCP server.iu kin ci t l my tnh ny phi chy h iu hnh Windows Server. -Cc my tnh trong h thng mng,sau khi c cu hnh nhn a ch IP ng t DHCP server gi l DHCP client. -Cc bc thc hin ci t dch v dhcp: Bc 1: kch hot dch v DHCP trong Control Panel -> Add Remove Programs -> Add/Remove Windows Components Chn vo Networking -> Details... -> Ci dch v DHCP. Bc 2: M dch v DHCP t Administrative Tools Nu l h thng Domain bn phi Authorize(ng tc ng k vi Active Directory) -Phn m phng qu trnh ci t DHCP:

II.2.a: Ci t: Cc my khch s nhn a ch IP mt cch t ng t dch v cp pht a ch ng DHCP. Dch v ny c ci t trn my ch nh sau:

Trong Contral Panel, nhn p biu tng Add or Remove Programs. Trong ca s va m, chn mc Ca s Windows Components Wizard xut hin.

a hp sng n mc Network Services v nhn nt Details lm xut hin ca s Network Services. mc Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) v nhn OK.

Add/Remove Windows Components. Trong ca s ny nh du chn vo

Tin trnh ci t s din ra cho n khi bn nhn Finish hon tt.

II.2.b:Cu hnh: - dch v DHCP c th cp pht c a ch IP chng ta cn cu hnh v kch thch dch v ny

u tin cn to ra mt dy a ch cn cp pht (scope): Chn tn my (daotao [172.16.100.1]), sau m menu Action v chn New Scope.

Xc nh a ch IP bt u (Start IP adress: 172.16.100.10) v kt thc (End IP adress: 172.16.100.50) ca scope.

Loi tr ra mt vng a ch IP khng cp pht.

Xc nh thi hn s dng a ch IP m my khch nhn t dich v DHCP.

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Ti y bn c th cu hnh thm cc Cui cng, ca s thng bo hon thng s cp pht cho my khch cu hnh sau. thnh xut hin, nhc nh bn cn Finish. cng vi a ch IP; hoc chn No phi kch hot scope va to. Nhn

kch hot scope va to, chn vo mc c tn scope (Scope [172.16.0.0] Boot Rom). Sau m menu Action v chn Active.

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II.2.c:Cu hnh cc thng s IP cp pht cho client: Khi cp a ch IP cho DHCP Client l chng ta s cu hnh cc thng s trong Scope t DHCP Server. Welcome to the -> Next Trong mi Scope bao gm cc thng s: -Tn Scope -Dy IP v Subnet Mask cp cho Client : -Dy a ch loi tr: Cu hnh chc nng ny nhm mc ch trnh vic cp a ch IP cho Client trng vi a ch IP tnh ca nhng Server chuyn dng trong h thng mng. Lease Duration: Quy nh thi gian cc Client s dng a ch IP c cp t DHCP Server.Mc nh c cu hnh l 8 ngy.Nu ta cu hnh mc nh,c ngha: Bt du t khi c a ch IP Client s dng IP ny ht 50% thi gian cho php (4 ngy).Sau Client gi li gi tin DHCP Request n Server xin gia hn li thi gian s dng li a ch IP ny.Nu nhn c gi tin DHCP ACK tr li t Server,thi gian dng i ch IP ca Client c tnh li t u l 8 ngy. Nu khng nhn c tr li t Server.DHCP Client s vn tip tc duy tr lin lc n DHCP Server.n 87,5% thi gian cho php th Client s gi gi tin DHCP Discover yu cu c cp IP cho mnh ln ton h thng mng. -Bn c th cu hnh Scope Options hoc cu hnh bn ngoi Console. Chn Next -> Finish hon thnh cu hnh.

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Sau khi cu hnh xong 1 Scope bn phi lm hnh ng l Activate Scope a Scope vo s dng. Kho st cc thng s cp cho DHCP Client Client xin a ch IP: -Chnh card mng v ch -Obtain an IP address automatically. -Obtain DNS server address automatically. Vo command line g lnh ipconfig /release loi b IP ng hin ti ang s dng. Nhp tip ipconfig /renew xin a ch IP mi t DHCP Server Kim tra a ch IP ca Client bng lnh ipconfig /all -Tin hnh cu hnh Scope Options: Cho php bn tng thm thng s cu hnh cho Client.Vd: DNS Server,Default Getway(Router),WINS Server...Cc mc iu chnh trong Scope Options : Scope Level : Ch nh hng ln cc Client thuc Scope Cu hnh thng s Router cho Client (Default GW) Cu hnh thng s DNS Server. Kim tra cu hnh Scopes Server Scope: nh hng ln tt c Client xin cp a ch IP t DHCP Server. Cu hnh thng s thi gian cho Client khi gia nhp h thng. Kim tra Scope Level cng b nh hng. Client xin li a ch IP sau khi DHCP Server cu hnh cc Scope: Tng t loi b a ch IP ang s dng sau xin li cu hnh IP va thay i

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Lc ny Client nhn y cc thng s cu hnh c bn hot ng trong h thng mng. -Cu hnh Reservation: dnh cho cc my tnh cbit,chuyn dng. ng k a ch IP thng qua a ch MAC/Physical Adrress. Client xin li a ch IP c cp ring cho mnh.Cng tin hnh theo cc bc trn,cui cng kim tra bng lnh ipconfig /all kim tra kt qu. II.2.d: Qui trnh cp pht IP ca h thng mng s dng dch v DHCP: Qui trnh ny din ra trong 4 bc : +Bc 1 : Cc my tnh Client sau khi cu hnh xin a ch IP ng t DHCP Server (Obtain an IP Address Automatically) th ln u tin tham gia h thng mng n s dng tn hiu Broardcast pht ra gi tin DHCP Discover. Ni dung gi tin yu cu cung cp cc thng s v a ch IP cho chnh mnh t DHCP Server m Client ny s s dng khi tham gia vo h thng mng. Nu Client khng lin lc c vi DHCP Server th sau 4 ln truy vn khng thnh cng n s t pht sinh ra 1 a ch IP ring cho chnh mnh nm trong dy 169.254.0.1 n 169.254.255.254 dng lin lc tm thi. V Client vn duy tr vic pht tn hiu Broardcast sau mi 5 pht xin cp IP t DHCP Server. +Bc 2 : DHCP Server sau khi nhn c gi tin Discover t Client, n s tr li cho Client bng cch Broardcast gi tin DCHP Offer. Gi tin ny xc nhn n l DHCP Server v a li ngh s cp cho Client nhng thng s IP nht nh. +Bc 3 :
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Nu nhn c gi tin DHCP Offer, Client Broardcast tr ngc cho Server gi tin DCHP Request xc nhn thng tin v mnh v yu cu cp cc thng s IP cho mnh. Do trong h thng mng c nhiu DHCP Server nn khi Broardcast gi tin DHCP Request Client, cng s km theo nhng thng s nhn bit v Server m mnh chn xin IP, t cc DHCP khc s rt li gi tin Offer v dnh cho Client khc. +Bc 4 : Nhn c li chp nhn t my client, DHCP Server ngay lp tc gi gi tin DHCP ACK(Acknowledgment). y chnh l nhng thng s cu hnh a ch IP m DHCP ngh vi Client ngay t u. DHCP Server lc ny cng c th gi gi tin DHCP ACK nhng cng c th gi gi tin DHCP NAK(Negative Acknowledgment) nu li ngh lc u khng chnh xc na hoc thng s IP c my khc s dng. V d nhin Client phi bt u li qui trnh xin cp IP. Lu : +Qui trnh xin cp pht IP gia DHCP Client v DHCP Server tn hiu truyn i l tn hiu Broardcast. +V l tn hiu Broardcast nn khng th i qua Router. Do DHCP Server chng ta cu hnh hin ti ch c th cp pht thng s IP cho Client m n nhn gi tin DHCP Discover.

Chng III: QUN L,GIM ST HOT NG DHCP: III.1:V SAO PHI QUN L V GIM ST CC S KIN ?

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Ci t cu hnh dch v DHCP l mt phn ca gii php mng.V mi trng lm vic ca dch v DHCP l ng,thay i lin tc.Vy nn vic theo di hot ng ny l cn thit trnh nhng s c c th xy ra trong h thng mng III.2:GIM ST V QUN L CC S KIN: S cp nht thng s ca Client,thm hoc bt my tnh trong h thng mng,thm bt mng con,thm vo cc Server chuyn dng -C s d liu bao gm cc Scopes,Reservations,Option..Nu khng c cc thng s ny DHCP Server khng th hot ng c. - cu hnh mc nh ca Windows Server 2003 c s d liu ca DHCP c lu theo ng dn : %SystemRoot% \ System32 \ DHCP Sao lu phc hi d liu i vi dch v DHCP cng quan trng khng km,tng kh nng chu li ca DHCP Server khi gp s c v phn cng hoc phc hi trong trng hp c bit. -Mc nh dch v DHCP t ng sao lu trong mi 60 pht theo ng dn %SystemRoot% \ System32 \ DHCP \ Backup -Trong cc trng hp dch v DHCP khng th np d liu th n t ng khi phc li theo ng dn mc nh trn. Lu : Khi bn thay i ng dn sao lu th qu trnh sao lu v phc hi bn phi thao tc bng tay(Manual) ng b d liu: thng thng khi c mt s thay i v thng tin trong h thng mng hoc sau khi phc hi d liu ca DHCP th s ng b din ra cha kp thi nn gy ra nhng sai st. khc phc ta tin hnh ng b trn h thng.
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Khi i tin hnh ng b d liu dch v DHCP s tng hp 2 thng tin t Registry v trong c s d liu tng hp chnh xc cc thng s cu hnh hin ti.Ta c th thy trong Console qun l. a ra cc nh mc hot ng cho DHCP Server thng qua tt c nhng g lin quan n Server bao gm lun : cc services,memory,processor Theo di thng qua cc gi tin Discovers,Offer,Requests,Acks... Right Click ln DHCP Server chn Display Statistics. Dng cc file log theo di s hot ng hng ngy.Cc File Log ghi nhn mi 24 gi : *Khi DHCP Server va khi ng hoc qua ngy mi (sau 12h m) DHCP Server s vit 1 ghi nhn s kin mi ln File Log.C 2 trng hp: +Nu File Log ang c c hn 24h th DHCP Server s ghi ln d liu ny. +Nu File Log ghi nhn s kin cha qu 24h th DHCP Server s ghi ni tip. *Sau khi cc d liu bt u ghi nhn th ta nn kim tra xem s hot ng cc File Log c kch hot cha,dung lng cc file log c tng t bin hay khng,kim tra chnh xc ngy gi h thng,dung lng a cng c lu File Log hay khng. + trng thi mc nh th cc File Log ch lu 50 s kin. +Nu dung lng cng khng nhu cu ti thiu l 20 megabytes th cc File Log dng li khng ghi tip. +Trong Registry cng quy nh khng cho cc File Log ghi qu 1/7 dung lng trng trn Server (khng qu 10MB nu dung lng trng trn Server l 70MB).Trong trng hp ny DHCP Server s ng cc File Log ang c v t chi ghi nhn s kin tip theo.

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Chng IV: CC S KIN CN LI: -C cc trng hp Client t ci dch v DHCP trong h thng mng(DHCP Server gi mo) iu ny gy nh hng n cc Client mun c cp IP nhng nm xa v tr DHCP Server tht s.Do tnh hiu xin v cp a ch IP l Broadcast nn s c trng hp Client nhn khng ng thng s IP do DHCP Server gi mo cp.Bn cn ra sot k trong h thng mng ca mnh. -Cc thit b phn cng nh Router ADSL,Wireless.. cng c kh nng cp a ch IP,do cn tt chc nng cp IP ng trn cc thit b trc khi a vo s dng. -Ch c thnh vin ca nhm DHCP Administrators mi cu hnh v s ung cc tnh nng trong dch v DHCP.Ch cn cung cp quyn cho cc i tng lin quan n qun l duy tr hot ng ca dch v ny.

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MC LC:

Chng I: DHCP L G?....................................................................................................3 I.1: DHCP L G?...........................................................................................................3 I.2: V SAO PHI DNG DCH V DHCP?................................................................4 Chng II: CI T V CU HNH DCH V DHCP:.................................................4 II.1: TM HIU MT S KHI NIM:.........................................................................5 II.1.a: Th no l server trong chng trnh client/server:..........................................5 II.1.b: Th no l client trong chng trnh client/server:...........................................5 II.1.c: Th no l m hnh client/server:......................................................................6 II.2: CI T DCH V DCHP:...................................................................................7 II.2.a: Ci t:.....................................................................................................................8 II.2.b: Cu hnh:...........................................................................................................9 II.2.c: Cu hnh cc thng s IP cp pht cho client:.................................................12 II.2.d: Qui trnh cp pht IP ca h thng mng s dng dch v DHCP:...............14 Chng III: QUN L,GIM ST HOT NG DHCP:...........................................15 III.1: V SAO PHI QUN L V GIM ST CC S KIN ?............................15 III.2: GIM ST V QUN L CC S KIN:......................................................16 Chng IV: CC S KIN CN LI:............................................................................18

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