TNG QUAN V ADSL ADSL l g ?

Hiu mt cch n gin nht, ADSL l s thay th vi tc cao cho thit b Modem hoc ISDN gip truy nhp Internet vi tc cao v nhanh hn. Cc biu sau ch ra cc tc cao nht c th t c gia cc dch v cung cp.

ADSL c ngha nh th no? ADSL vit tt ca Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - l ng thu bao s khng i xng, k thut truyn c s dng trn ng dy t Modem ca thu bao ti Nh cung cp dch v.

Asymmetric: Tc truyn khng ging nhau hai chiu. Tc ca chiu xung (t mng ti thu bao) c th nhanh gp hn 10 ln so vi tc ca chiu ln (t thu bao ti mng). iu ny ph hp mt cch tuyt vi cho vic khai thc dch v Internet khi m ch cn nhn chut (tng ng vi lu lng nh thng tin m thu bao gi i) l c th nhn c mt lu lng ln d liu ti v t Internet. Digital: Cc Modem ADSL hot ng mc bt (0 & 1) v dng chuyn thng tin s ho gia cc thit b s nh cc my tnh PC. Chnh kha cnh ny th ADSL khng c g khc vi cc Modem thng thng. Subscriber Line: ADSL t n ch hot ng trn ng dy thu bao bnh thng ni ti tng i ni ht. ng dy thu bao ny vn c th c tip tc s dng cho cc cuc gi i hoc nghe in thoi cng mt thi im thng qua thit b gi l "Splitters" c chc nng tch thoi v d liu trn ng dy. NG DNG CA ADSL ADSL dng lm g ? ADSL xc lp cch thc d liu c truyn gia thu bao (nh ring hoc cng s) v tng i thoi ni ht trn chnh ng dy in thoi bnh thng. Chng ta vn thng gi cc ng dy ny l local loop.

Thc cht ca ng dng ADSL khng phi vic truyn d liu i/n tng i in thoi ni

ht m l to ra kh nng truy nhp Internet vi tc cao. Nh vy, vn nm vic xc lp kt ni d liu ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet. Mc d chng ta cho rng ADSL c s dng truyn d liu bng cc giao thc Internet, nhng trn thc t vic thc hin iu nh th no li khng phi l c trng k thut ca ADSL. Hin nay, phn ln ngi ta ng dng ADSL cho truy nhp Internet tc cao v s dng cc dch v trn Internet mt cch nhanh hn. C CH HOT NG ADSL vn hnh ra sao? ADSL tm cch khai thc phn bng thng tng t cn cha c s dng trn ng dy ni t thu bao ti tng i ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k chuyn ti di ph tn s (frequency spectrum) chim bi cuc thoi bnh thng. Tuy nhin, n cng c th chuyn ti cc tn s cao hn di ph tng i hn ch dnh cho thoi. l di ph m ADSL s dng.

Thoi c bn s dng di tn s t 300Hz ti 3,400Hz. By gi chng ta s xem xt, thoi v d liu ADSL chia x cng mt ng dy thu bao ra sao. Trn thc t, cc Splitter c s dng m bo d liu v thoi khng xm phm ln nhau trn ng truyn. Cc tn s m mch vng c th chuyn ti, hay ni cch khc l khi lng d liu c th chuyn ti s ph thuc vo cc nhn t sau: Khong cch t tng i ni ht. Kiu v dy ng dy. Kiu v s lng cc mi ni trn ng dy. Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti ADSL, ISDN v cc tn hiu phi thoi khc. Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti tn hiu radio. U IM CA ADSL ADSL: So snh vi PSTN & ISDN Vy s khc nhau c hu gia ADSL vi Modem quay s truyn thng v ISDN l nh th no? PSTN v ISDN l cc cng ngh quay s (Dial-up). ADSL l 'lin tc/always-on" kt ni trc tip. PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta s dng Fax, d liu, thoi, d liu ti Internet, d liu ti cc thit b khc. ADSL ch chuyn ti d liu ti Internet. PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta tu chn ISP no m ta mun kt ni. ADSL kt ni chng ta ti mt ISP nh trc. ISDN chy tc c s 64kbps hoc 128kbps. ADSL c th ti d liu v vi tc ti 8Mbps. PSTN ngt truy nhp ti Internet khi chng ta thc hin cuc gi. ADSL cho php va s dng Internet trong khi vn c th thc hin cuc gi ng thi. Kt ni Internet qua ng PSTN v ISDN bng phng thc quay s c tnh cc ni ht. ADSL khng tnh cc ni ht. Ghi ch: Mc d Modem ADSL lun ch kt ni thng trc, nhng vn c th cn phi thc hin lnh kt ni Internet trn my PC. Cc dch v nh Fax v thoi c th c thc hin cng trn kt ni d liu ADSL ti

Internet. Trn thc t, tc Download tiu biu i vi dch v ADSL gia nh thng t ti (up to) 400kbps Dng bao nhiu, tr by nhiu. Cu trc cc theo lu lng s dng (Hoc theo thi gian s dng). Khng hn ch s ngi s dng khi chia s kt ni Internet trong mng ni b. CC THNH PHN CA ADSL Gii thiu

Trong phn ny chng ta s ln lt m t chc nng ca tng thnh phn ca ADSL, bt u t Modem ADSL ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet. Chng ta cng xem xt pha ISP lc ra nhng thnh phn c bn m h s dng cung cp dch v ADSL.

Modem ADSL l g? Modem ADSL kt ni vo ng dy in thoi (cn gi l local loop) v ng dy ny ni ti thit b tng i ni ht. Modem ADSL s dng kt hp mt lot cc k thut x l tn hiu tin tin nhm t c tc bng thng cn thit trn ng dy in thoi thng thng vi khong cch ti vi km gia thu bao v tng i ni ht. Modem ADSL lm vic nh th no? ADSL hot ng bng cch vn hnh cng lc nhiu Modem, trong mi Modem s dng phn bng thng ring c th.

S trn y ch m phng mt cch tng i, nhng qua ta c th nhn thy ADSL s dng rt nhiu Modem ring l hot ng song song khai thc bng thng ti a v cung cp mt tc rt cao. Mi ng k sc en trn th hin mt Modem v chng hot ng ti cc tn s hon ton khc nhau. Trn thc t c th ti 255 Modem hot ng trn mt ng ADSL. im c bit ch ADSL s dng di tn s t 26kHz ti 1.1MHz trong 10MHz ca bng thng thoi. Tt c 255 Modems ny c vn hnh ch trn mt con chp n. Lng d liu m mi Modem c th truyn ti ph thuc vo cc c im ca ng dy ti tn s m Modem chim. Mt s Modem c th khng lm vic mt cht no v s gy nhiu t ngun tn hiu bn ngoi chng hn nh bi mt ng dy (local loop) khc hoc ngun pht v tuyn no . Cc Modem tn s cao hn thng thng li truyn ti c t d liu hn bi l tn s cng cao th s suy hao cng ln, c bit l trn mt khong cch di. Mch vng / Local Loop l g ? 'Local loop' l thut ng dng ch cc ng dy in thoi bnh thng ni t v tr ngi s dng ti cng ty in thoi.

Nguyn nhn xut hin thut ng local loop - l ngi nghe (in thoi) c kt ni vo hai ng dy m nu nhn t tng i in thoi th chng to ra mt mch vng local loop. CC THNH PHN ADSL T PHA NH CUNG CP DCH V By gi chng ta s tm hiu xem cc ISP thc hin cung cp ADSL nh th no.

Nh ch ra trong khi vng trn, phm vi Nh cung cp dch v gm c ba thnh phn quan trng DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer. BAS - Broadband Access Server. ISP - Internet Service Provider. DSLAM l g? Mt thit b DSLAM c th tp hp nhiu kt ni thu bao ADSL - c th nhiu ti hng trm thu bao - v t li trn mt kt ni cp quang. Si cp quang ny thng c ni ti thit b gi l BAS - Broadband Access Server, nhng n cng c th khng ni trc tip ti BAS v BAS c th c t ti bt c u.

DSLAM l thit b t pha tng i, l im cui ca kt ni ADSL. N cha v s cc Modem ADSL b tr v mt pha hng ti cc mch vng v pha kia l kt ni cp quang. Vy BAS l g?

Broadband Access Server (BAS) l thit b t gia DSLAM v POP ca ISP. Mt thit b BAS c th phc v cho nhiu DSLAM. Cc giao thc truyn thng c ng gi truyn d liu thng qua kt ni ADSL, v vy mc ch ca BAS l m gi hon tr li cc giao thc trc khi i vo Internet. N cng m bo cho kt ni ca bn ti ISP c chnh xc ging nh khi bn s dng Modem quay s hoc ISDN. Nh ch gii trn, ADSL khng ch r cc giao thc c s dng to thnh kt ni ti Internet. Phng php m PC v Modem s dng bt buc phi ging nh BAS s dng cho kt ni thc hin c.

Thng thng ADSL s dng hai giao thc chnh l : PPPoE - PPP over Ethernet Protocol. PPPoA - Point to Point Protocol over ATM. KT NI MNG Cc thnh phn kt ni nh th no? Di y s trnh by v nhng giao thc truyn thng c s dng trn kt ni ADSL. Khi kt ni vo Internet, bn s dng cc giao thc chy tng vn chuyn TCP/IP (chng hn nh HTTP - giao thc c s dng bi cc Web Browser). Qu trnh ny l ging nhau vi cc kiu truy nhp quay s qua PSTN, ISDN v ADSL. Cc giao thc c s dng gia Modem v BAS Khi quay s PSTN/ISDN truy nhp vo Internet, chng ta s dng giao thc gi l PPP vn chuyn d liu TCP/IP v kim tra cng nh xc thc tn v mt khu ngi truy nhp. Trong ADSL, PPP cng thng c s dng kim tra tn v mt khu truy nhp, v ATM th lun c s dng mc thp nht. Kt ni in hnh nh di y :

Vai tr ca ATM

ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode - c s dng nh l cng c chuyn ti cho ADSL mc thp. L do v l cch thun tin v mm do i vi cc cng ty thoi mun ko di khong cch kt ni t DSLAM ti BAS gip h c th t BAS bt c u trn mng. Cc tham s thit lp cu hnh ATM C hai tham s cn phi thit lp cu hnh mt cch chnh xc trn Modem ADSL m bo kt ni thnh cng ti mc ATM vi DSLAM: VPI - the Virtual Path Identifier. VCI - the Virtual Channel Identifier. CU TRC CA ADSL

Vai tr ca PPP PPP l giao thc dng vn chuyn lu lng Internet ti ISP dc theo cc kt ni Modem v ISDN. PPP kt hp cht ch cc yu t xc thc - kim tra tn/mt khu - v l l do chnh m ngi ta dng PPP vi ADSL. Mc d BAS thc thi giao thc PPP v tin hnh vic xc thc, nhng thc ra vic c thc hin bng cch truy nhp vo cc c s d liu khch hng t ti ISP. Bng cch , ISP bit c rng cc kt ni do BAS nh tuyn ti - c xc thc thng qua giao dch vi c s d liu ring ca ISP. MODEM ADSL TRN THC T Cc loi modem ADSL thng minh v th ng Modem ADSL thng minh bn thn n tch hp sn cc giao thc truyn thng cn thit (Nh thit b Modem ADSL Router hoc Modem c s dng kt ni qua cng Card Ethernet 10/100Mb) nn ch vic la chn v khai bo VPI/VCI cho Modem.

Cn Modem ADSL th ng th phi hot ng da trn h iu hnh ca my tnh cung cp cc giao thc cn thit. Cc loi Modem ny bt buc phi ci t phn mm iu khin Modem v thit lp cc giao thc PPP, VPI/VCI. Vic cu hnh nh vy phc tp v i hi thi gian nhiu hn. Ch c Windows 98SE, Windows ME v Windows 2000/XP l c ci sn c ch thc thi ATM, v th ngi ta t s dng cc Modem th ng trn thc t. Mc d cc Modem thng minh c h tr cc giao thc cn thit nhng chng vn c th c dng cho cc h iu hnh ni trn. Cc Modem th ng c th ni vi PC thng qua giao din USB, hoc c th c sn xut di dng PCI Card cm thng trn bng mch ch ca PC. Lu l vic khai thc giao thc ATM khng c ngha l cn phi c Card mng ATM cho PC - ch l c ch h tr bng phn mm trong h iu hnh. MI TNG QUAN GIA THOI V ADSL

Thoi v ADSL cng chung sng ra sao? ADSL cho php cng lc va truy nhp Internet tc cao li va c th thc hin cuc gi cng trn ng dy . Thit b chuyn dng Splitters c s dng tch ring cc tn s cao dng cho ADSL v cc tn s thp dng cho thoi. Nh vy, ngi ta thng t cc Splitters ti mi u ca ng dy - pha thu bao v pha DSLAM.

Ti pha thu bao, cc tn s thp c chuyn n my in thoi cn cc tn s cao i n modem ADSL. Ti cc tng i, cc tn s thp c chuyn sang mng thoi PSTN cn cc

tn s cao i n ISP. Tc a dng Tc ca kt ni gia modem ADSL v DSLAM ph thuc vo khong cch ng truyn v tc ti a c cu hnh sn trn cng ca DSLAM. Cn tc kt ni vo Internet li cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na nh di y :

S ngi dng kt ni vo cng mt DSLAM v thc t c bao nhiu ngi dng ang khai thc kt ni. Tc kt ni gia DSLAM v BAS. Bao nhiu card DSLAM cng ni vo mt BAS v bao nhiu ngi dng ang khai thc thc t kt ni. Tc kt ni gia BAS v ISP. Bao nhiu BAS kt ni vo ISP v bao nhiu ngi dng thc t ang khai thc. Tc ca kt ni t ISP ti mng Internet ton cu. Bao nhiu thu bao ca ISP ang khai thc (qua cc giao tip khc nhau nh quay s PSTN/ ISDN v ADSL). ISP t chc Caching v Proxy ra sao, liu thng tin m bn cn khai thc c lu tr trn Cache cha hay phi ti v t Internet.