DTM Thăng Long Property - Chinh Sua

D N U T XY DNG KHCH SN, TA NH VN PHNG V TRUNG TM THNG MI TI S 222, NG TRN DUY HNG, PHNG TRUNG HA, QUN CU GIY, TP H NI
M U 1. XUT X CA D N Trong nhng nm va qua do qu trnh t do ha thng mi v u t, hi nhp kinh t din ra mnh m trong khu vc v trn th gii, s tng cng hp tc kinh t u t thng mi gia Vit Nam v cc nc trong khu vc, cc nc Chu u v cc nc khc trn th gii din ra ht sc si ng. Cc nh u t nc ngoi cng nh khch du lch quc t n Vit Nam ngy cng ng, s thnh lp mt s cng ty c vn u t nc ngoi, s m rng cc vn phng cng ty a quc gia ang hot ng ti Vit Nam ngy cng tng. Nhu cu c ngh trong khch sn t tiu chun quc t ti Vit Nam v nhu cu thu vn phng ngy mt gia tng. Theo tnh ton, H Ni cn phng khch sn v cc c s lu tr khc n nm 2010 l 22.627 phng, n nm 2020 l 42.056 phng. Nh vy n nm 2010 H Ni cn phi c thm 10.000 phng khch sn hng 3 sao tr ln mi p ng c 1,8 triu khch quc t v a th H Ni tr thnh trung tm hi ngh hi tho quc t ca khu vc. Trc tnh hnh Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property l lin doanh gia Cng ty TNHH Nh nc mt thnh vin Thng Long vi cng ty Videmia SAS tin hnh xy dng Khch sn, nh vn phng v Trung tm thng mi nhm mc ch p ng nhng nhu cu ca th trng H Ni v khch sn v nh vn phng. L t dng xy dng Khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi c din tch l 40.000 m2 ti gc ng Trn Duy Hng vi ng vnh ai s 3, phng Trung Ha, qun Cu Giy, H Ni c S quy hoch kin trc H Ni chp thun ti cng vn s 475/QHKTP1 ngy 22 thng 11 nm 2002. C quan ph duyt d n u t xy dng Khch sn, ta nh vn phng v Trung tm thng mi l UBND Thnh ph H Ni. 2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG 2.1 Vn bn php lut v vn bn k thut - Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005 c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 ti k hp th 8, kha XI v c hiu lc thi hnh vo ngy 01/07/2006.
BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
- Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam kha X, k hp th 3 thng qua ngy 20 thng 5 nm 1998. - Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006 ca Chnh Ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng. - Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng. - Ngh nh s 179/1999/ N-CP ngy 30/12/1999 ca Chnh ph quy nh v vic thi hnh Lut Ti nguyn nc. - Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2004 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng. - Ngh nh s 08/2005/N-CP ngy 24/01/2005 ca Chnh ph v qui hoch xy dng. - Ngh nh s 02/2006/N-CP ngy 05/01/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic ban hn Quy ch khu th mi. - Ngh nh s 112/2006/N-CP ngy 29 thng 9 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP ngy 07 thng 02 nm 2005 ca Chnh ph v qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh. - Ngh nh 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/04/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn. - Ngh nh 88/2007/N-CP ngy 25/05/2007 ca Chnh ph v thot nc th v Khu cng nghip. - Ngh nh s 174/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2007 v ph bo v mi trng i vi cht thi rn. - Thng t s 83/2002/TT-BTC ngy 25/9/2002 ca B Ti chnh v vic quy nh ch thu, np v qun l s dng ph, l ph v tiu chun o lng cht lng. - Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi.
- Thng t 07/2007/TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh ngy 03/07/2007 v vic hng dn phn loi danh mc c s gy nhim mi trng phi x l. - Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic hng dn nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. - Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q BYT ca B Y T ngy 10/10/2002 v Mi trng lao ng. - Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng. - Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi. - Quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/04/2008 ca B Xy dng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v qui hoch xy dng; - Quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/07/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng; - Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng; - Giy chng nhn u t s 011022000132 ca Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property do y ban nhn dn Thnh ph H Ni cp chng nhn ngy 03 thng 02 nm 2010; - Cng vn s 763/QHK-PI ngy 17/03/2010 ca S Quy hoch kin trc H Ni v yu cu quy hoch tng mt bng t hp cng trnh ti khu t 222 Trn Duy Hng, phng Trung Ha, qun Cu Giy, H Ni. 2.2 Cc tiu chun, quy chun - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT). - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nng mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh (QCVN 06: 2009/BTNMT). - Qui chun k thut quc gia v mt s cht c hi trong kh thi cng nghip (QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT) - Quy chun k thut quc gia v mt s cht hu c trong kh thi cng nghip (QCVN 20:2009/BTNMT).
- Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. -Gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c (TCVN 5949-1998). - Quy chun v ngng cht thi nguy hi: QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT. 2.3 Ngun cung cp s liu, d liu Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho - Cc ti liu thng k v tnh hnh thy vn, kh tng, x hi hc, kinh t x hi trong khu vc d n. - Nin gim thng k Thnh ph H Ni nm 2008. - Cc bo co TM tng t c c s so snh v xc nh cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng do cc hot ng ca d n gy ra. - Kt qu kho st, o c v phn tch mi trng ti khu vc thc hin d n do Vin a cht thc hin vo thng 04 nm 2010. - L Trnh- nh gi tc ng mi trng- Phng php v ng dngNXB KH-KT, 2000. - L Huy B, c hc mi trng, 2000. - ng Kim Chi, Ha hc mi trng, 1998. - Nguyn Duy ng Thng gi v k tht x l kh thi NXB gio dc, 1999. - Nguyn Xun Nguyn Nc thi v cng ngh x l nc thi NXB Khoa Hc v K thut H Ni, 2003. - Nguyn Xun Nguyn Nc thi v cng ngh x l cht thi kh NXB Khoa Hc v K thut H Ni, 2004. - Trnh Xun Lai, X l nc cp cho dn dng v cng nghip, 1998. - Pollution World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993. - Wastewater Engineering, Metcalf & Eddy, 1991. - Industrial Water Pollution Control,W.Wesley Eckenfelder,Jr. - Environmental Impact Assessment, Canter. - Emission Inventories, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 1995 - Quy chun, Tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh. Cc ti liu trn c tnh chnh xc v tin cy cao. Thng tin tng i mi - l c s khoa hc tin cy trong nh gi. Ngun ti liu d liu do Ch d n cung cp
Bo co kinh t k thut D n u t xy dng khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi. Cc ti liu, d liu s dng trong bo co TM l nhng ti liu c tnh cp nht v tin cy cao. 3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH NH GI TC NG MI TRNG Cc phng php sau y c s dng trong bo co: - Cc phng php nghin cu, phn tch mi trng vt l (nc, khng kh): phn tch hin trng mi trng nn khu vc d n. - Phng php thng k: dng th thu thp cc s liu nn v cc iu kin t nhin, t ai, thy vn, cht lng khng kh, mi trng nc ti khu vc thc hin d n. - Phng php so snh: s dng nh gi cc ngun gy nhim trn nn tng l cc tiu chun mi trng ca Vit Nam v Qui chun k thut quc gia. - nh gi nhanh: Cc phng php nh gi nhanh v cc ngun nhim t, nc, khng kh do Economopolus son tho, c T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) ban hnh nm 1993 c p dng nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n. - Phng php tham vn cng ng: phng php ny s dng trong qu trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti ni thc hin d n. 4. T CHC THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG Trong qu trnh xy dng v hot ng s lm thay i din tch t s dng v thm thc vt hin ti, ng thi pht sinh ra kh thi, nc thi, rc thi gy nh hng trc tip cng nh gin tip n mi trng t nhin. Chnh v cc l do nu trn m chin lc v bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng ang ngy cng thu ht c s quan tm ca cc c quan chc nng cng nh cc nh khoa hc. Thy r c tm quan trng trong cng tc bo v mi trng v nhm thi hnh nghim chnh Mc 2, iu 18 ca Lut Bo v Mi trng nm 2005, ch u t d n l Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property phi hp vi cng ty C phn ha cht cng ngh mi Vit Nam tin hnh xy dng Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (Bo co TM) cho D n u t xy dng. Bo co TM
c xy dng trn c s hot ng ca cng ty t tin hnh thit lp nhng tc ng tch cc v tiu cc n cc lnh vc c bit l mi trng t nhin do d n mang li. Trn c s , xut cc bin php khoa hc, k thut nhm hn ch n mc thp nht nhng tc ng xu n mi trng, a ra cc chnh sch hot ng c th v chng trnh hnh ng trong thi gian sp ti v mt mi trng trong lnh trong tng lai. 4.1. Ch d n Ch d n: Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property ng: Evans Stephen Grant Chc danh: Tng gim c cng ty Trong qu trnh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n, Ch u t d n nhn c s phi hp v gip tn tnh ca Vin a cht . 4.2. C quan t vn Cng ty C phn ho cht Cng ngh mi Vit Nam. a ch: S 1, ng 76/7, ph An Dng, phng Yn Ph, qun Ty H, H Ni. in thoi: 0437167523 Fax: 0437194246
Danh sch nhng ngi tham gia lp bo co:

H v tn Chuyn mn
Ng Huy Du Phm Th Hong Lu V Vn Nhan Chu Vn Vnh Ng Huy Thnh Nguyn Th Minh Trn Hu Hin Bi Long Bin Ninh Th Bch Hnh Trn Hi Phng o Cng Tho Nguyn Th Hng Hnh Tng Th Vn Anh V Th Qunh Hoa Ng Xun Trng Phm Qunh Trang
Ph Gio s, Tin s Ha hc K s Ha K s Ha Tin s Ha hc K s Mi trng K s Ha Thc s Cng ngh Mi trng Ph Gio s, Tin s Ha hc K s Ha hc C nhn Ha Mi trng C nhn Khoa hc Mi trng Trung cp Ha C nhn Ho hc C nhn Sinh hc C nhn Ho hc C nhn mi trng
CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N 1.1 TN D N D n u t xy dng Khch sn, ta nh vn phng v Trung tm thng mi ti s 222, ng Trn Duy Hng, phng Trung Ha, qun Cu Giy, Tp H Ni 1.2 CH U T Tn gi: Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property a ch tr s chnh: S 222, ng Trn Duy Hng, Tp H Ni Giy chng nhn u t ca Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property s 011022000132 do y ban nhn dn Thnh ph H Ni cp chng nhn ngy 03 thng 02 nm 2010; Ngi i din: Evans Stephen Grant Chc v: Tng Gim c in thoi: 04. 39386653 Fax: 04. 9335792 1.3 V TR A L CA D N Khu vc thc hin d n nm L B&C trong tng din tch 75.180 m2 thuc quyn s hu ca Cng ty Thng mi Quc t v Dch v siu th Bouborn Thng Long c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt quyn s dng t cho mc ch u t xy dng v kinh doanh siu th. Hin nay, khu t ny thuc quyn s hu ca Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property ( l cng ty con ca cng ty Thng Long GTC) c ta a l nh sau: 23o23326N; 58o22 304E 23o23320N; 58o 22 325E Ton b khu vc d n c din tch l 40.000 m2 c S quy hoch kin trc H Ni chp thun ti cng vn s 475/QHKT-P1 ngy 22 thng 11 nm 2002 v cng vn s 763/QHK-PI ngy 17/03/2010 ca S Quy hoch kin trc H Ni v yu cu quy hoch tng mt bng t hp cng trnh ti khu t 222, Trn Duy Hng, phng Trung Ha, qun Cu Giy, H Ni. Din tch t c s dng vi mc ch xy dng khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi. Khu t thc hin d n c c im nh sau: - Pha Bc gip vi ng ang thi cng - Pha ng gip vi dn c. - Pha Ty gip vi ng Phm Hng (ng vnh ai s 3). - Pha Nam gip vi siu th BigC Thng Long
Nhn chung khu vc thc hin d n kh thun tin v giao thng, rt thch hp khi xy dng trung tm mua sm, khch sn v vn phng. Mc d d n c xy dng gn vi khu dn c (cch khu dn c khong 40 m) nhng xung quanh khu vc D n khng c cng trnh vn ha, di tch lch s no nn nhng tc ng gy ra nh hng ch yu mi trng xung quanh khu vc d n. V tr ca d n c th hin ti Hnh 1.1 v Ph lc 2 ca Bo co. Hnh 1.1. V tr thc hin d n
Khu vc thc hin d n
1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N Tng din tch l t xy dng d n l 40.000m2. L t c quy hoch l cm cng trnh trung tm mua sm, vn phng v khch sn. Cn c theo s tng mt bng v v tr ca khu t c ph duyt th quy m xy dng c th ca d n l nh sau: - Tng din tch t: 40.000 m2 - Mt xy dng: 45%
- Din tch sn xy dng: 18.000 m2 - H s s dng t: 5.75 - Tng din tch sn: 351.140 m2 Trong : Khu thng mi v vui chi gii tr chim: 27,4% Khch sn 5 sao: 10,9 % Khu vn phng: 61,70% 1.4.1 T chc khng gian quy hoch kin trc 1.4.1.1 T chc c cu chc nng Cng trnh bao gm nhiu hng mc ch yu phc v cho d n xy dng khch sn, vn phng v trung tm thng mi mua sm bao gm 6 khi, mi khi c s tng khc nhau: - Khi Vn phng: 28 tng - Khi khch sn: 36 tng - Khi cng trnh hn hp: 51 58 tng v 2 tng hm: c chc nng chnh l bi xe hi v xe my, vi s lng ch xe hi l 1970 v 2460 ch xe p. Ngoi ra mt phn din tch c dng cho h thng k thut v kho. Chiu cao mi hm l 3,35m, nh vy tng chiu cao hm l 7,7m. Ngoi ra hm c s dng cho mc ch kinh doanh: siu th, ca hng v nh hng-cu lc b. Tng trt: c s dng cho mc ch kinh doanh, trung tm thng mi mua sm gm cc nh hng v cc ca hng. Phn cn li dng cho khch sn v vn phng. a. Gii php kin trc Hnh khi kin trc ca cc to nh cng trnh c t hp bi hai khi chnh l khi chn cao 4- 5 tng c chc nng dch v cng cng, thng mi, vn phng v 5 khi thp k hiu A, B, C, D, E cao: 28; 36; 58; 51; 39 tng t tng 6 tr ln c chc nng lm cn h v mt phn l khu dch v cng cng. Cc khi thp k hiu A, B, C, D, E cch nhau ln lt l 16,7m; 24,4m; 24,6m; 24,6m v c khong li cng trnh so vi ch gii ng ng Phm Hng v ng Trn Duy Hng ti thiu l 100m. Cng trnh c 2 tng hm c t chc lm ni xe t, xe p, xe my. Snh n chnh hng ra ng Phm Hng phc v khi dch v. Cc snh n ca khi cn h v vn phng c t chc ti trc ng Trn Duy Hng v cc
v tr giao thng ph khc. Khi dch v v vn phng c thit k tip gip vi mt ng chnh nhm tng ti a kh nng tip cn vi ngi tiu dng. Bn cnh hiu qu thm m kin trc cao, cng trnh c nghin cu cht ch v cng nng s dng c hiu qu s dng t cao da trn cc tiu chun quy nh. b. nh hng c cu s dng t v phn khu chc nng Phng n kin trc cng trnh hn hp dch v cng cng v nh : t hp cng trnh c chung khi F cao 4-5 tng c chc nng dch v cng cng, thng mi, vn phng 5 khi thp (k hiu A,B,C,D,E, H) cao 28, 36, 58, 51, 39 tng c chc nng lm cn h, dch v cng cng v 2 tng hm, c th nh sau: * Cc tng hm: b tr xe, khu k thut (hai khi hm c xy dng c lp vi nhau , mi khi c 2 tng hm, chiu cao mi tng l 3,35m gm c: - Tng hm 1 c din tch sn xy dng l 8.033m2 . - Tng hm 2 c din tch sn xy dng mi tng l 8.747m2 - Tng din tch tng hm l 16.780 m2 * Ti cc khi (F) Khi c b tr lm trung tm thng mi c din tch xy dng l 16.900 m2, chiu cao xy dng l 5 tng, v tng din tch xy dng l 75.740 m2 - Tng 1: B tr snh thng sut, khng gian sinh hot cng ng: thng mi dch v cng cng; khu vn phng b tr mt phn din tch ti khi A, B, v E; chiu cao tng 1 l 6m. - Tng 2: B tr khu cng trnh hn hp ti khi C v E; khu vn phng b tr ti khi A, B, E; khu vn hoa tiu cnh ti khi 2 v khng gian thng tng ti khi 1, 3 v 4; din tch sn xy dng 4061,3 m2; chiu cao tng 2 l 6m. - Tng 3: B tr khu thng mi cng cng (ring trong khi 2 b tr khu vn hoa tiu cnh cng cng); chiu cao tng 3 l 6m. - Tng 4: B tr khu thng mi dch v cng cng (ring trong khi 2 b tr khu vn hoa tiu cnh cng cng); chiu cao tng 4 l 4m. - Tng 5: B tr khu thng mi dch v cng cng (ring trong khi 2 b tr khu vn hoa tiu cnh cng cng); chiu cao tng 5 l 5m. * Ti cc khi thp cao tng: Cc khi thp cao tng ca ta nh c b tr nh sau:
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T hp pht trin Khi
Chc nng
Trung tm thng mi Ta nh A Vn phng Ta nh B Cn h dch v khch sn Ta nh C Cn h dch v s dng hn hp Ta nh D Cn h s dng dch v hn hp Ta nh E Cn h s dng dch v hn hp Tng din tch
Din tch xy dng (m2) 16.900 1.350 1.100 1.600
S tng 5 tng 28 tng trn 36 tng trn 58tng trn
Tng din tch xy dng (m2) 75.740 30.200 32.300 88.000
1.400
51 tng trn
74.200
1.300
39 tng
50.700
18.000
351.140
Ngun: D n u t xy dng khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi * H s giao thng trc ng (cc thang b v thang my) - i vi Khi cn h: H thng thang my ca khi cn h l nt giao thng trc ng c b tr thang my v thang b lm li cng ca cng trnh. H thng thang gm thang my v thang b thot him. - i vi khi dch v: H thng giao thng ch yu l thang b ti cc v tr gn li ra vo chnh. Ngoi ra, cn c b sung h thng thang cun hin i (chuyn dng cho siu th) nhm to v nh hng lung giao thng ca khch hng c thun li v mch lc: - Khi vn phng c b tr thang b v thang my ring to ra s phn khu chc nng ring bit v r rng. d. T chc thi cng d n * Vt liu xy dng: - Vt liu kin trc: cc vt liu s dng trong ton b ta nh c bn c sn xut trong nc. - i vi mt ng ta nh: S dng sn ngoi nh ca hng sn lin doanh sn xut trong nc theo tiu chun qun l cht lng ISO.
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- i vi cc vt liu ni tht: ch yu dng cc vt liu v thit b v lin doanh nh : American Standard,.. nhm h gi thnh sn phm. - Din tch vn phng; vic hon thin ng b phn xy dng vi ni tht s thc hin theo t hng ca ch s dng. Cc cn h: Hon thin sn, trt, p lt ng b theo thit k xy dng c ph duyt, s dng vt t c phm cht tt. Trng hp thay i chng loi vt t t tin hn, ch nh phi tr thm phn chnh lch gi ngoi vt d ton ban u. * Hnh thc kin trc khi cng trnh - Hnh thc kin trc ca cng trnh c s dng phong cch kin trc hin i, bng gii php s dng cc vt liu knh, b tng, kt hp cng cc vt liu hon thin hin i lm cho cng trnh c nt ring v c trng cho mt khi nh hn hp hin i. - S phi hp gia phn v ng v phn v ngang hi ha mt ng c phn thnh 2 khi thn v to nn dng v vng chc cho cng trnh, lm ni bt chc nng v mc ch s dng ca cng trnh - Phn snh ca cng trnh vi ng nt hin i, vi mi snh vn ra vng vng cng vi cc vt liu hon thin hin i l im nhn ca cng trnh - S kt hp uyn chuyn gia mu sc nh nhn truyn thng vi mu sc ca hin i tot nn v p ca cng trnh. - Cng trnh mang hnh thc kin trc hin i, vng chc v s kt hp hp l gia cc khng gian v cnh quan mi trng kin trc xung quanh to nn mt khng gian kin trc p c cng nng hp l lm tng thm v p cnh quan xung quanh khu vc. Cc vt liu xy dng chnh s dng nh sau: - Ct thp AII, Cng tnh ton: Ra = 2800kg/cm2 - Ct thp AIII, Cng tnh ton: Ra = 3650kg/cm2 - Cc tng gch s dng mc 75, va XM mc 50 - Cu kin thp dng thp hnh c cng tnh ton R=2250kG/cm2. - chng thm sn v vch tng hm, s dng cc loi vt liu nh mng chng thm, tm cch nc ca cc hng sn xut vt liu chng thm nc ngoi nh: SOPREMA (php) MBT, SIKA.
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* T chc thi cng: Thu nhng nh thu ln ca Vit Nam v quc t vi nhng bin php thi cng hin i t vt liu, my mc n vic t chc thc hin v thu gom rc thi xy dng gim thiu tc ng n mi trng. Theo cam kt cc cng trnh hn ch cng nhn li v sinh hot ti cng trng nn cng hn ch cc cht thi sinh hot pht sinh. * Tp kt vt liu: Vt liu xy dng cng trnh s c tp kt ti cc v tr do n v trng thu xy dng cng trnh b tr trong khu t ca d n thun tin cho vic thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh. 1.4.1.2 T chc giao thng trong cng trnh, li ra vo, bi xe - H thng giao thng c gii c b tr i vng xung quanh l t .Li tip cn vo cng trnh cho nhn vin v hm xe s t ng Vnh ai s 3 (ng Phm Hng) v ng pha Bc ca l t. Li tip cn cho khch s dng cc phng tin cng cng hay khch gh qua trong khong thi gian ngn ch yu t hai hng l ng vnh ai 3 (Phm Hng) v Trn Duy Hng pha Nam. - Li i b: Li i b c b tr xen k trong cc khong khng gian m ca cng trnh. Nu tip cn t bi xe ngoi tri, khch b hnh c th i xuyn qua hnh lang mua sm gia cng trnh ti trung tm mua sm v khch sn. - H thng thang my: H thng thang my ca ta nh do Cng ty t vn C in Indochine thit k. Do ta nh cao tng nn s c phn on thnh 20 tng mt nhp thang. - Cc li thot him: B tr m bo v khong cch v s lng, v tr ti cc im giao thng d tip cn cng trnh. T tng 1 n tng 58, tt c cc khu vc kinh doanh u c thang thot him ring v trc tip ra ngoi cng trnh. - gim thiu ch tc giao thng do s tp trung khch n trung tm v khch sn, Ch u t tin hnh phn lung lu thng cho cc phng tin: i vi khch hng ca cng trnh s c hng dn ra/vo khu giao thng cng cng nh bn xe but. Hu ht ch xe c t tng hm, c mt li i tch bit dnh cho ngi i b v cc phng tin giao thng. i vi vic lu thng cho khi vn phng (ta nh C, D, E) c li
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ra vo ring ni ra ng Trn Duy Hng. Ngoi ra, cc trc ng giao thng v cc im dng xe s c thit k ln cho cc phng tin c nhn v xe taxi dng trnh hin tng xp hng trn lan gy ch tc giao thng. ng dc vo ngay ni sau dng thc y lu lng giao thng v trnh n tc. Cc bi xe c b tr 1 tng hm vi tng din tch sn l 18.000 m2 v mt bi xe ngoi tri c xy dng mi che ph. 1.4.2 Quy hoch mng li h tng 1.4.2.1 H thng giao thng Theo quy hoch tng th th khu vc d n nm trong L B&C ca khu t c Th tng chnh ph quyt nh ph duyt quy hoch. (chi tit xem ph lc 1) - Pha Bc gip vi ng mi m. - Pha ng gip vi dn c. - Pha Ty gip vi ng vnh ai s 3 (ng Phm Hng). - Pha Nam gip vi ng Trn Duy Hng. Ti cc giao l, bn knh b va c thit k ph hp vi quy chun xy dng, bo m an ton v thun li. - dc dc v ngang ng bo m thot nc mt c nhanh nht, gi gn v sinh mi trng v tng cao tui th ca ng. Bin php k thut: - Do kh nng ln khng u ca nn t san lp qua thi gian, nn cng trnh s s dng kt cu ng mm (b mt ng tri nha asphalt) c th d dng sa cha hn l kt cu btng cng, khi c hin tng ln xy ra. 1.4.2.2 Chun b k thut nn t v cao san lp o Khu vc thit k, hu ht trc kia l t nng nghip, nn t thp. Do c th a vo s dng, phi tn cao nn t hin hu ca khu vc xy dng ng, cng trnh, sn bi Cao san nn thp nht d kin khong +6,30m v pha ty Bc ca khu t. gim ti thiu nhng ri ro do ln khng u, gii php tt nht l tin hnh mt cuc th nghim v theo di mt khu vc san lp th cng sm cng tt. Cng vic bao gm:
14
Khoan 6 n 8 l khoan/khi cng trnh xc nh chiu dy ca cc lp t bi mm bn di. Tin hnh th nghim bng chy xuyn. B tr mt khu nn p th nghim. Theo di p lc l rng v s st ln ca nn p th nghim. Vic san lp nn vt cao n nh 1,5m d phng ln, cn nghin cu kho st a k thut chi tit gii quyt ton b vn ln v chnh xc cc hot ng san lp. gim mc ln thay i ti ra ca tng khu vc nn san lp, vic san
a.
lp s c m rng thm 15m ra ngoi ra ca cng trnh. Ngoi ra cn tin hnh mt s cng tc khc: Chia dy cng trng trc khi san lp B tr cc ng san lp v ti cht thm. Theo di ln. D b ti cht thm. 1.4.2.3 Qui hoch cp nc Tiu chun p dng v nhu cu cp nc Tiu chun cp nc p dng TCVN 4513-88 TCVN 323-2004 TCVN 6160-96 TCVN 5760-93 : : : : Cp nc bn trong Tiu chun thit k Nh cao tng Tiu chun thit k Phng cha chy- Nh cao tng H thng cha chy-Yu cu chung v thit k
Nhu cu cp nc Ngun nc s dng cho giai on xy dng l nc ging khoan c khoan su 20m, vi lng nc s dng l 13,5 m3/ ngy bao gm nc s dng cho cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng v nc dng ra cc my trn xi mng. (Nc thi trong giai on xy dng c m t chi tit trong chng 3 ca bo co) Ngun nc s dng khi D n i vo giai on hot ng: Ngun cp: ngun nc cp cho d n c ly t mng li cp nc chung ca thnh ph. Lu lng nc cp sinh hot cho d n:
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Khu mua sm 2.500 ngi Nhu cu cp nc (tiu chun 15,5lit/ngi.ngy) 39 m3/ngy 2 Thc khch ca khch sn 600 ngi Nhu cu cp nc (tiu chun 100 lit/ngi.ngy) 60 m3/ngy Cn b cng nhn vin lm vic ti ta 3 nh 200 ngi Nhu cu cp nc (tiu chun 50lit/ngi.ngy) 1 m3/ngy 4 Thp lm lnh 3 thp Nhu cu cp nc (nhu cu thp 153,6m3/ngy) 460,8 m3/ngy 5 Ra bi u xe (30 vi) 11,16 m3/ngy 6 Vn/ Cng vin (20nos taps) 1 m3/ngy 7 S dng cho mc ch khc Ra nh v sinh (20 vi) 3 m3/ngy Tng nhu cu dng nc cho d n 574 m3/ngy Thp lm lnh s dng cho ta nh l h thng lm lnh trung tm nn lng nc cp s dng cho thp tng i ln. Mc ch ca thp l lm lnh cho ton trung tm thng mi do nhu cu tiu th nc l tng i cao. Lu lng nc cp cha chy: Tiu chun cp nc cha chy (fire hydrant): q = 95 l/s (trong 45 pht). Nh vy lu lng nc cp cho cha chy l:
Qc = 95l / s 45 min 60s = 256.5(m 3 ) 1000l
Tiu chun cp nc cho h thng cha chy t ng (sprinkler system): q=3400 l/min (trong 1 gi). . Nh vy lu lng nc cp cho spinkler system l:
Qs = 3400l / min 60 min = 204(m 3 ) 1000l
Tng lng nc cp dng cho cha chy l: b. Qcc = 256.5 m3 + 204 m3 = 460.5 m3. Cc gii php cp nc Gii php cp nc sinh hot
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Nc sch t ng ng cp nc chung khu vc s i vo b cha c t ti tng hm ca ta nh vi dung tch khong 225m3, sau nc c bm cp nc lin tc theo nhu cu s dng. Gii php cp nc cha chy Nc cha chy trong mua sm thuc khu d n c ly t b cha t ti tng hm dung tch l 1000m3. Khi xy ra chy b cha nc s m bo lng nc cp cho cng tc cha chy (1 gi cha chy t ng v 45 pht cha chy bng th cng). - Cc tr cha chy thuc ni vi khu d n c nhim v cp nc cha chy khi c s c chy xy ra ngoi nh. ng ng cp nc cho tr cha chy c ly trc tip trn ng ng cp nc trc khi vo b nc ngm. - Cc hng cha chy bn ngoi ta nh s c cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property lp t theo quy hoch chung cho ton b khu vc d n. 1.4.2.4 Quy hoch thot nc a. Tiu chun v lu lng thot nc
-
Tiu chun thot nc p dng TCVN 4474-87 : Thot nc bn trong Tiu chun thit k TCVN 323-2004 : Nh cao tng Tiu chun thit k Lu lng nc thi: lu lng nc thi c tnh ton da trn lng nc cp cho d n, tnh ton lng nc thi chim 100% lng nc cp (khng bao gm nc cp cho thp lm lnh v nc ti cy) 1 Khu mua sm Lng nc thi 2 Thc khch ca khch sn Lng nc thi 3 Cn b cng nhn vin lm vic trong ta nh Lng nc thi 4 Ra bi u xe (30 vi) S dng cho mc ch khc 5 Ra nh v sinh (20 vi) Tng lng nc thi Nh vy tng lng nc thi lm trn l 120 m3/ngy. b. Gii php thit k thot nc Gii php thot nc thi
2,500 39 600 60 200 1 11,16
ngi m3/ngy ngi m3/ngy ngi m3/ngy m3/ngy
3 115
m3/ngy m3/ngy
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Trong d n quy hoch chung v vic thot nc thi cho khu t thc hin d n th nc thi ca D n sau khi x l t quy chun s thi trc tip vo cng thot nc chung ca Thnh ph v h thng x l nc thi s c ch u t tnh ton y v xy dng trc khi tin hnh cc hng mc cng trnh trong khu vc.
Mng li ng ng thot nc thi ni khu s dng ng PVC 300 dn vo trm x l nc thi ca D n, sau khi nc thi c x l t tiu chun x thi s c u ni vo ng ng thot nc thi chnh
4000 c t trn tuyn ng ni khu ti 1 im u ni, sau thi vo h thng chung ca thnh ph. Gii php thot nc ma Nc ma thu hi t mi nh, va h c thu vo h thng h ga v ng thu trong ni khu, dn vo h thng cng thot nc ma chnh i dc theo va h ra nhp vo h thng cng thot nc ma ca thnh ph hin c trn ng Phm Hng v cc tuyn cng thot nc d kin xy dng trn cc trc ng pha Ty Bc v ng Bc ca d n. H thng thot nc ma c thi cng sau khi nn c san p n nh vi yu cu ng ng c lp t phi c dc v vic gia c nn mng an ton. ng ng chnh thu nc ma c thit k bao quanh cng trnh l ng PVC 300. H thng thot nc ma ni khu s c tip tc ni vo ng ng thot nc ma ti cc im u ni chnh trc khi vo h thng thot nc ca thnh ph. 1.4.2.5 Quy hoch cp in a. Ngun in Ngun cung cp in chnh cho ton khu vc l t trm in qun Cu Giy, thnh ph H Ni (22/0,4KV) ti pha Bc ca khu vc d n. b. Li in cao p Mng li in cao p Thnh ph c kt ni vi li in cao p Quc gia thng qua trm in ca qun v c truyn ti t nh my v Khu trung tm thng mi theo ng dy mch kp 110KV. c. Li in trung p
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Trm in cung cp in cho ton b khu thng mi t tng lng, tuyn cp trung th 22KV ca khu thng mi dn i ngm trong ng
nha PVC ng knh 114mm2, c u ni vi tuyn trung th 22KV tr b tng B6 hin hu i trn khng dc theo ng Trn Duy Hng, tuyn cp trung th ca khu thng mi c dn i ngm di t vo ging thng tng tng hm sau i bng khay cp trong ging in n t ng ct trung th trong trm bin p tng lng. d. Li in h p T trm in, in p 22KV c bin p thnh 380/220V-50hz cung cp in n cc t phn phi ging thng tng in ca tng khu vc, tng tng t t chnh in cp n cc t nhnh trong nh. Li in phn phi cho tng khu vc, tng tng v t nhnh trong cc gian phng, chiu sng li i, sn bi. Dy cp in c dn i m di sn hay trn trn, i ni trong ging in, lun trong ng nha PVC hay trn mng cp, dng cp ng 4 li. vn hnh h thng in ti u, cn cn bng ph ti gia cc pha, nn phn b hp l i xng gia cc pha, lp t t b tng cao h s cos . Cc thit b in t trong v ngoi nh c tnh ton chn ph hp vi cp in p ca mng li in cung cp, tnh cht mi trng v yu cu s dng. Khi thit k lp t thit b in tt c c tnh ton thch hp vi vic b sung thm ph ti sau ny, theo nhng giai on pht trin ca d n do vic gia tng ph ti, sn sng cho vic nng cp ph ti trong tng lai. e. Li chiu sng ng: - Ngoi h thng chiu sng t nhin cn t thm h thng chiu sng nhn to m bo an ninh, chiu sng trang tr, chiu sng thot him. Nhm trang b nh sng khi lm vic v an ton khi c s c xy ra ng thi to v m quan cho ton khu dn c. - Dng n hunh quang, n cao p v bng tit kim in chiu sng tu theo chc nng tng khu vc.
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Lp n chiu sng ngoi li i ng ni khu v ngoi khu, cng vin, n c trang tr sn vn, bn hoa, va h, bng hiu trong khu dn c. - Lp n ni khu dng lai n halogen 220V/50HZ/180W, lp trn tr nhm cao 3.5m, khong cch gia hai tr t 20m n 22m ty theo khu vc, lp n c khu cng vin cy xanh , dng n 220V/50HZ/60W, lp trn tr cao 0.5m. - Ngoi ra c t mt s MCB, hp ni dy v t ng d phng cho chiu sng sau ny cc khu vc bn hoa, va h, cng vin ni khu, nhm trang tr cho ton khu. 2 - Tt c cc dy dn chiu sng i dy 10mm lun trong ng nha
-
PVC 40mm2, i m di t. Thi gian tt m c iu khin bng b nh gi (timer) ty theo ngi s dng. 1.4.2.6 Gii php thit k mng li thng tin lin lc - T thit b kt ni v truy nhp mng chnh t ti d n lin kt vi cc thit b kt ni v truy nhp nhnh ca khu vc. Cp c dn i ngm
-
trong ng nha PVC 90&60 a vo phng thng tin s dng t tng lng. - H thng thng tin bao gm truyn hnh cp, in thoi, mng my tnh, d nh tng dung lng ng truyn s s dng cho d n l 330line. a. Truyn hnh cp - Tn hiu bn ngai a vo i m bng ng PVC n ging in tng hm, sau c dn i bng khay cp trong ging in n tng lng vo phng thng tin. - T t phn phi thng tin chnh tn hiu c truyn ti n cung cp cho cc t nhnh khc ca tng khu, t t nhnh cc khu vc tn hiu c a n tng tng v vo cc khu vc tng tng, tn hiu bn ngai a vo c kt ni t mng li thnh ph, u ni vi tuyn cp hin c dc theo ng Phm Hng, dy dn tn hiu vo i m di t lun trong ng nha PVC 60mm2.
-
Tn hiu t t chnh dn n t nhnh tng khu vc v t nhnh cc tng
trong l u c i ngm lun trong ng nha PVC 60mm2 hay dn i trong khay cp i trong ging thng tng in. b. in thoi v mng my tnh:
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- Cp tn hiu in thoi v mng my tnh c a vo t thng tin chnh t phng thng tin tng lng. - Tn hiu a vo c u ni t mng li thnh ph vi tuyn cp hin c chy dc theo ng Phm Hng, tn hiu vo lun trong ng nha PVC 90mm2, i ngm.
-
Tn hiu t t chnh phng thng tin phn phi cho cc t nhnh tng khu vc, tng tng v trong cn, u i ngm lun trong ng nha PVC 90mm2 hay dn i trong mng cp i trong ging thng tng in.
c) H thng cy xanh C th ni h thng cy xanh ca D n l mt phn quan trng nng v th ca cng trnh xng ng vi v tr hin c ca D n. Cng trnh ny s c thit k vi mc tiu tng din tch cy xanh ti a. Ngoi h thng cy xanh, tiu cnh trn mt t (ct .00) th trn nc ca cc Ta nh (Tng 5) s c trng cy xay v tiu cnh. Ngoi ra trn tng tng s ti a phn tip xc vi nh sng t nhin v cc phn trng cy xanh. C th khong 20 tng li c tng cng cng c trng cy xanh v qun c ph. Cy xanh trong khun vin ca cng trnh: Cy xanh s c che ph vi din tch ti a l 20% din tch ca ta nh. Chng loi v s lng cy xanh: Cy keo tai tng, cau vua, bch n cao sn, cy cau cao sn, hoa sa, lc vng, liu. Tng cng khong 25.000 cy cc loi. Thit k kin trc: Cy xanh c trng xung quanh ton khu, st vi h thng tng bao; hai bn ng i chnh; l t pha trong v ngoi cng chnh ra vo. 1.4.3 Tin thc hin d n Tin thc hin d kin nh sau: - Qu 2/ 2007 n qu 3/2008: tin hnh lm cc th tc thu t, cp giy chng nhn u t - Qu 3/2008 n qu 3/2009: thit k, thu nh thu - Qu 4/2009; tin hnh cc th tc v Mi trng - Qu 1/2010 qu 4/2010: xy dng d n - Qu 1/2011: a d n vo hot ng. Hin ti tin thc hin d n ang chm hn so vi tin d kin ban u. 1.4.4 Vn u t Tng vn u t: 50.000.000 USD.
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1.4.5 T chc qun l v thc hin d n T chc qun l v thc hin d n l Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property CHNG 2: IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI KHU VC THC HIN D N 2.1 C IM IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG 2.1.1 iu kin v a l, a cht Khu vc d n nhn chung c cu to nn t ph sa, thnh phn ch yu gm st, bn st, c mu xm en, mu en. Sc chu ti ca nn t thp, nh hn 0,5 kg/cm2. Theo kt qu kho st a cht ti khu vc d n vo nm 2007, a cht ti khu vc c chia thnh cc lp chnh nh sau: Lp 1: xp, xm en, bn hu c (5-25cm)

Dung trng t Dung trng kh
: = 14,50 KN/m3 : = 7,5 KN/m3 : W = 92,06% : Gs = 2,61 : C = 5,4 kPa : = 3o26 : = 19,40 KN/m3 : = 15,20 KN/m3 : W = 27,33% : Gs = 2,73 : C = 29,3 kPa : = 13o32 : = 19,80 KN/m3 : = 16,00 KN/m3 : W = 23,79% : Gs = 2,71
m t nhin T trng Lc c kt
Gc ma st Dung trng t Dung trng kh T trng Gc ma st Dung trng t Dung trng kh T trng
Lp 2: cng, nu xm trng, st nc (25-75cm)

m t nhin
Lc c kt
Lp 3a: cng, nu vng, st c ln ct (75-100cm)

m t nhin
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Lc c kt
: C = 21,8 kPa : = 13o31 : = 19,80 KN/m3 : = 16,10 KN/m3 : W = 22,69% : Gs = 2,69 : C = 10,5 kPa : = 19o52 : = 18,60 KN/m3 : = 14,00 KN/m3 : W = 33,18% : Gs = 2,72 : C = 23,6 kPa : = 11o23 : = 20,10 KN/m3 : = 16,90 KN/m3 : W = 18,86% : Gs = 2,67 : C = 8,8 kPa : = 23o58 : = 20,70 KN/m3 : = 17,40 KN/m3 : W = 19,03% : Gs = 2,73 : C = 53,8 kPa : = 16o19 : = 20,05 KN/m3
Gc ma st Dung trng t Dung trng kh T trng Gc ma st Dung trng t Dung trng kh T trng Gc ma st Dung trng t Dung trng kh T trng Gc ma st Dung trng t Dung trng kh T trng Gc ma st Dung trng t
Lp 3b: t trng trung bnh, ct st vng nu (100-150cm)

m t nhin
Lc c kt
Lp 4: cng, xm hi en, st nc (150-200cm)

m t nhin
Lc c kt
Lp 5: t trng trung bnh, xm tro, ct st ph sa (20-230cm)

m t nhin
Lc c kt
Lp 6: rt cng, vng nu xm trng, ct st (230-279cm)

m t nhin
Lc c kt
Lp 7: ct st ph san nng, nu vng (279-500cm)
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Dung trng kh T trng Lc c kt Gc ma st
: = 16,70 KN/m3 : W = 20,36% : Gs = 2,67 : C = 8,9 kPa : = 25o54
m t nhin

Nhn chung, trong khu vc kho st cc lp t phn trn cha tri qua qu trnh nn cht t nhin nn c cng chu lc km. 2.1.2 iu kin thy vn Xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n khng c nhnh sng, knh mng no i qua. Nc thi ca cng trnh sau khi x l t quy chun/tiu chun s c thot vo h thng thot nc thi chung ca Thnh ph. 2.1.4. iu kin kh tng Kh hu khu vc thc hin d n mang c im kh hu ca H Ni v c c im kh hu chung ca vng Bc B nm trong vng hon lu kh quyn nhit i gi ma ca min Bc, c s tng phn su sc gia ma ng v ma h. Ma h nng, ma nhiu v ma ng lnh, t ma Nhit : Nhit trung bnh hng nm l 23,4oC, thng lnh nht l thng 1 c nhit trung bnh l 14oC, thng nng nht c nhit trung bnh l 33oC m: m tng i trung bnh ca khng kh l 84%, m cc tiu tuyt i ca khng kh l 16%. Thi k m nht l cc thng cui ma ng (thng 1, 2, 3). m trung bnh t 85-87%. Thi k kh nht l cc thng u ma ng, thng 1 c m cc tiu trung bnh 80%. Nng: S gi nng trung bnh hng nm khong 1500-1600 gi. Thng nng nht l thng 7 vi tng s gi nng l 180 gi. Lng ma: Lng ma trung bnh hng nm: 1.700 2.200mm. Ma ma t thng 4 n thng 9. Trong ma ma tp trung 85% tng lng ma c nm trong thi gian ny. Lng ma trung bnh quan trc c ti H ni l 1676,6mm. Lng ma tng dn t u ma ti gia ma v t cc i vo cc thng 7 v thng 8 (2 thng c bo nhiu nht) trung bnh khong 300mm. Su thng cn li thuc v ma ma t, thng 12 l thng c lng ma t nht 1218mm v c t 5-7 ngy ma. bc hi: bc hi trung bnh nm t 800-1.000mm
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Theo s liu ca Nin gim thng k nm 2008, cc c im kh tng nm 2008 ca H ni th hin trong bng sau:
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Bng 2.1: Nhit trung bnh cc thng nm 2008 ti H Ni Ngun: Nin Gim thng k 2008 n v: oC Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Nhit 15,2 13,8 21,4 24,7 27,6 28,6 29,4 29,0 28,3 26,5 21,4 18,4 Bng 2.2: m khng kh trung bnh cc thng nm 2008 ti H Ni n v: % Thng m 1 80 2 72 3 82 4 84 5 79 6 81 7 79 8 83 9 80 10 80 11 76 12 75
Ngun: Nin gim thng k 2008 Bng 2.3: S gi nng trung bnh cc thng nm 2008 ti H Ni n v: Gi Thng S gi nng 1 63 2 26 3 68 4 73 5 6 7 8 9 10 92 11 12
143 116 144 124 123
148 114
Ngun: Nin gim thng k 2008 Bng 2.4: Lng ma trung bnh cc thng nm 2008 ti H Ni n v: mm Thng Lng ma 1 27 2 14 3 20 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11
122 184 234 424 305 199 469 259
Ngun: Nin gim thng k 2008 Gi v hng gi: Gi l yu t quan trng nht tc ng ln qu trnh lan truyn cc cht nhim. Tc gi cng cao th cht nhim c vn chuyn i cng xa v nng cht nhim cng nh do kh thi c pha long vi kh sch. Tc gi nh hoc gi lng th cht nhim s tp trung ngay ti khu vc gn ngun thi. Hng gi ch o trong nm l: V ma ng gi thng thi tp trung t 2 hng: Bc ng Bc v ng ng Nam. Ma h gi thng thi t Nam ng Nam.
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Tc gi ln nht ln ti 30 35 m/s xy ra vo ma h khi c dng bo. Vo ma ng khi c gi ma trn v, tc gi git c th t ti 20m/s. Tc gi trung bnh nm ti khu vc l 2,6m/s. 2.1.5 Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin 2.1.5.1 Cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh Ch d n phi hp vi Vin a cht tin hnh o c hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc vo ngy 13/04/2010. Cc kt qu o c c thc hin ti khu t d n cha tin hnh thi cng xy dng do cc s liu o c v mi trng khng kh c th c coi nh ti liu nn ca d n, s dng lm cn c nh gi nh hng ca d n n mi trng khng kh khi d n i vo hot ng. Cc ch tiu v phng php ly mu, phn tch u tun theo quy chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT) v tiu chun m hc (TCVN 5949:1998). V tr o c, ly mu: ti khu t d n K1: Gia khu t d n (Ta : 23o23230N; 58o 22 279E) K2: Gip khu vc bi trng xe pha bn tri khu t (Ta : 23o23200N; 58o 22 218E) K3: Pha sau khu t d n, gip tng ro bn phi (Ta : 23o23120N; 58o22 255E) K4: u d n cnh ng vo pha cng ph BigC (Ta : 23o23326N; 58o22 304E) K5: Cui d n, bn phi cnh nh bo v khu t (Ta : 23o23320N; 58o 22 325E) Cc v tr ly mu c th hin c th ti ph lc 3 ca bo co Thi gian bt u ly mu: 9h ngy 13/04/2010. Lc tin hnh ly mu ti khu vc thc hin d n: Tri nng. Phng php ly mu v phn tch: + i vi mu khng kh xung quanh, chiu cao im ly mu k t mt t 1.5m. Thi gian ly mu l 30 pht/mu. + Ly mu cc hi, kh bng my ly mu khng kh APEX SERIES (Casella - UK). Cc hi, kh c thu mu theo phng php hp th v phn tch bng phng php so mu trn my so mu Shimadzu UV Visible
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Spectrophotometer (UV mini-1240 SHIMADZU CORPORATION KYOTO, JAPAN). Cc hp cht hu c c phn tch theo phng php sc k trn sc k kh GC 17A - SHIMADZU CORPORATION JAPAN. + o n bng my o hin s (EXTECH INSTRUMENTS - USA). + o nhit , m bng my o hin s HANNA (USA). o tc gi bng my o MC-86 (TPS - Australia). Quy chun so snh: Quy chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT) v tiu chun m hc (TCVN 5949:1998).
Bng 2.5. Kt qu phn tch Vi kh hu v mu khng kh xung quanh TT Thng s phn tch n v K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 QCVN 05:2009 06:2009 TCVN 5949:199 8 -
1 2 3 4 5
Nhit m Hng gi Tc gi p sut kh quyn n LAeq Bi tng s CO SO2 NOx HC NH3
28,1 62,0 N 2,20
28,0 66,2 N 2,15
27,9 65,5 N 1,35
27,8 62,5 N 1,20
29,2 63,4 N 1,78
% m/s hPa
1005 1005 1005 1005 1005
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
dBA mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/
60,1 0,17 2 1,40 0,03 6 0,02 1 2,5 0,10
58,2 0,18 0 1,20 0,03 4 0,02 0 2,2 0,07
65,6 0,18 5 1,50 0,03 2 0,01 9 1,8 0,08
55,5 0,19 0 1,30 0,03 4 0,02 0 1,5 0,11
58,0 0,18 5 1,60 0,03 1 0,01 9 2,0 0,12
75 0,3 30 0,35 0,2 5 0,2
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m3 13 H2S mg/ m3 0,01 5 0,02 0 0,01 6 0,01 8 0,02 5 0,042
Ngun: Vin a cht, 2010 Nhn xt: Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n cho thy cc ch tiu phn tch u nh hn qui chun cho php (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT), iu ny cho thy cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n khng c du hiu nhim v cha b tc ng t cc hot ng trong khu vc. 2.1.5.2 Cht lng nc mt Nh trnh by v phn iu kin thy vn ti mc 2.1.2, khu vc thc hin d n khng c h thng sng, knh mng no i qua. Ngy 13/04/2010 cng ty kt hp vi Vin a cht tin hnh ly mu trong 1 ao c din tch khong 10 m2 nm trong khu t ca d n nh gi cht lng nc mt ti khu vc thc hin d n. Bng 2.6. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt TT Thng s phn tch pH DO COD BOD5 SS Du m Coliform Cr6+ Cr3+ As Pb n v o mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100m l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l NM1 QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT(B1) 5,5 -9 4 30 15 50 0,1 7.500 0,04 0,5 0,05 0,05
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
7,15 5,25 33 21 38 0,07 8.500 <0,002 <0,002 0,010 <0,002
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12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
NO2 NO3 NH4 (theo N) Zn Fe Ni Mn F CN Hg
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
0,018 8,2 0,90 0,007 0,65 < 0,002 < 0,01 0,18 <0,002 <0,000 2
0,04 10 0,5 1,5 1,5 0,1 1,5 0,02 0,001
Ngun: Vin a cht, 2010 Nhn xt: Theo kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ao trong khu vc d n c th nhn thy cc ch tiu phn tch u t QCVN 08:2008 (ct B1). Tuy nhin, c 3 ch tiu cao hn so vi quy chun l BOD, COD, NH4, nguyn nhn do y l ao t ch c nc khi tri ma nn d tch t cc cht bn hu c c hm lng cao hn so vi quy chun. Khi d n tin hnh trin khai th ao ny s c san lp xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh. 2.1.5.3 Cht lng t Vin a cht tin hnh ly mu phn tch nh gi cht lng t ti khu vc thc hin d n vo ngy 13/04/2010. V tr o c, ly 04 mu t ti khu vc thc hin d n nh sau: 1: Gia khu t d n (Ta : 23o23231N; 58o 22 280E) 2: Pha sau khu t d n, gip tng ro bn phi (Ta : 23o23122N; 58o22 254E) 3: u d n cnh ng vo pha cng ph BigC (Ta : 23o23325N; 58o22 304E)
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4: Cui d n, bn phi cnh nh bo v khu t (Ta : 23o23322N; 58o 22 325E) Phng php ly mu xc nh thnh phn ca t ti khu vc d n c ly su 0,2m so vi mt t. Tiu chun so snh: QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT- Gii hn cho php ca kim loi nng trong t. Bng 2.7 Kt qu phn tch cht lng t ti khu vc d n
T T 1 2 Thng s pHKCl Pb n v 1 2 3 4 QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT 100
6,05 5,75 5,58 6,12
mg/k 24,2 25,1 24,0 21,3 g
Cd
mg/k 0,80 0,81 0,77 0,74 g
As
mg/k g
9,2
9,5
8,0
7,5
12
Zn
mg/k 52,0 55,7 54,5 51,8 g
200
Cu
mg/k 25,4 22,5 20,8 20,6 g
70
Ngun: Vin a cht, 2010 Ghi ch: QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v gii hn cho php ca kim loi nng trong t Nhn xt: Theo kt qu phn tch cht lng t ti khu vc d n nhn thy cht lng t ti khu vc t qui chun k thut quc gia QCVN 03:2008 v cht lng t dng cho mc ch thng mi. 2.1.5.4. Cht lng nc ngm Vin a cht tin hnh kho st v ly mu cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc thc hin d n ngy 13/04/2010.
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V tr o c, ly mu: tin hnh ly 01 mu nc ngm cui khu t, gip tng ro - bn phi d n (Ta : 23o23321N; 58o 22 323E) Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc thc hin d n c th hin trong bng sau: Bng2.8. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Thng s phn tch Nhit pH COD Cr6+ As Pb NO2 NO3 NH4 (theo N) Zn Fe Mn CN
-
n v o
o
NN-1 25,1 6,85 3,5 <0,002 0,009 <0,002 0,77 12,2 0,180 0,210 0,63 0,09 <0,001 2
QCVN 09:2008/ BTNMT 5,5 - 8,0 4 0,05 0,05 0,01 1,0 15 0,1 3,0 5 0,5 0,01 3
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/ 100ml
Coliform
Ngun: Vin a cht, 2010 Ghi ch: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc ngm Nhn xt: Hm lng NH4 cao hn so vi quy chun cho php gn 2 ln, nguyn nhn do t ny l t trng cha c san lp nn cc cht bn thng tp trung khu t ny v thm thu xung mch nc ngm gy nhim ngun nc ngm ti khu vc d n. Cn cc ch tiu khc cc u nm di quy chun cho php QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT v cht lng nc ngm. Tuy nhin, khi D
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n i vo hot ng s mua nc sch ca thnh ph v khng s dng nc ngm. V tr cc im o c ly mu cht lng mi trng ca d n c th hin trn bn v v tr o c c nh km vo phn ph lc ca bo co. IU KIN KINH T X HI Khu vc thc hin d n thuc phng Trung Ha, qun Cu Giy, Thnh ph H Ni. Theo bo co tnh hnh thc hin kinh t, vn ha x hi, quc phng an ninh nm 2009 ca y ban nhn dn phng Trung Ha c th tm tt iu kin kinh t, x hi ti khu vc nh sau: 1 Sn xut kinh doanh Tng s h kinh doanh trn a bn phng l 512 h, tng 54 h so vi nm 2007, Kt hp phng kinh t qun kim tra sau ng k kinh doanh 30 Cng ty TNHH v DNTN. Kt hp trm y t phng kim tra v sinh thc phm 15 h kt qu nhc nh. 2 Cng tc phng chng dch cm gia cm v dch cm ngi Kt hp vi trm y t phng thng xuyn kim tra v sinh an ton thc phm trn a bn phng, kim tra cc ch nh v cc h kinh doanh sn phm gia cm. Thng xuyn duy tr cng tc pht thanh tuyn truyn phng chng dch bnh trn h thng loa pht thanh ca phng v cc khu ph. Hin nay trn a bn phng khng c h dn no ti chn nui, chn nui gia cm, thy cm. 3 Hin trng in nc ti phng V ng in, nc: ng: trn a bn phng c khong 21 con ng tri nha. C 45 con hm. Cc hm u c b tng ha ring mt s hm nhnh t pht phn cui hoc phn gia cc con ng hm th cha c b tng ha. in: hin nay tt c cc ng v hm ln nh trn a bn phng u c ph kn mng li in quc gia, tr mt s hm nh t m khng iu kin php l, khng ph hp quy hoch nn phng cha ngh cp h thng in. 2.2
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Nc: s lng hm trn ton phng u b tng ha 90% a s cc hm ny u c a mng li nc chnh thc n cung cp cho ngi dn. 4 Cng tc v sinh mi trng Cy xanh: phn ln cc cy xanh trn a bn phng u c trng t nhng nm trc n nay tng i ln. Phng giao cho t trt t th thng xuyn kim tra pht hin kp thi nhng trng hp cy b cht ph. ng thi tuyn truyn vn ng nhn dn c thc trong vic bo v cy xanh ni cng cng. Hin nay UBND phng thc hin xong vic bn giao cy xanh cho nhn dn qun l. Rc: l vn quan trng ca vic bo v mi trng. Do phng lun ch trng qun l sp xp vic thu gom rc trn a bn phng theo mt quy nh v c khoa hc. Theo phng lm vic, cho k hp ng gia khu ph vi cc t thu gom rc dn lp, t chc nhc nh cc h dn c t trng xen k trong khu dn c t lm v sinh c rc sch s trnh tnh trng rc ba bi gy nhim mi trng. 5 Cng tc y t Cng tc khm v iu tr bnh: trong nm 2008 tng s bnh nhn n khm v iu tr ti trm l 10.007 ngi. Qun l v iu tr cc bnh x hi: s bnh x hi qun l v iu tr ti trm l 80 bnh nhn. Qun l v sinh an ton thc phm: tng s c s kinh doanh nh, thc n ng ph c phn cp qun l: 57. kim tra v sinh an ton thc phm 50 lt. Cng tc truyn thng gio dc sc khe: thc hin 38 bui tuyn truyn v phng nga cc bnh truyn nhim, phng chng st xut huyt, st rt, phng chng suy dinh dng. Kt hp vi MTTQ, cc ban ngnh on th, on thanh nin phng, cc khu ph thc hin 03 t tng v sinh mi trng dit mui, gin, v sinh ng ph. T chc x l dp dch st xut huyt bng phng php phun thuc dit mui. 6 Cng tc gio dc v dn s T l tr 5 tui vo mu gio: 122/123. T l tr 6 tui vo lp 1: 143/143 T l ph cp tiu hc: 680/704 t 96,59% (t chun quc gia)
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T l ph cp trung hc c s: 571/628 t 0,92% (t chun quc gia) Cng tc dn s: Tng dn s phng Trung Ha cho n ny l khong 51.204 ngi c h khu ti phng. Trong nm chuyn trch cng cng tc vin phi hp vi khu ph, t dn ph tuyn truyn cng tc dn s k hoch ha gia nh. 7 Hin trng giao thng trn ng Phm Hng v Trn Duy Hng ng Phm Hng (vnh ai ): ng Phm Hng l mt trong nhng tuyn ng kh khang trang, rng ri ca thnh ph H Ni. L tuyn ng vnh ai nn hng ngy lu lng ngi v phng tin tham gia giao thng qua y rt ln, c bit l xe ti ch t , vt liu xy dng phc v cho cc cng trnh ang thi cng dc hai bn ng. Do , khi bi gy nhim trn tuyn ng ny rt ng bo ng. ng Trn Duy Hng: ng Trn Duy Hng l mt con ng p ca Th H Ni, c ni di t ng Nguyn Ch Thanh ko di qua cu Trung Ha. y l on ng tp trung nhiu cng trnh khch sn nh hng, khu th v trung tm mua sm. c bit l nm v pha ng Nam ca D n l Siu th Big C l mt trung tm mua sm ln ca H Ni. Do , giao thng trn ng Trn Duy Hng rt phc tp v hay xy ra n tc giao thng do lng ngi tp trung cao. 8 Hin trng cc cng trnh ti khu vc d n Ti khu vc thc hin d n c cng trnh Siu th Big C nm Pha Nam ca khu t v ang hot ng. Ngoi ra, Theo S K hoch v u t Thnh ph, hin khu th ng Nam ng Trn Duy Hng c 6 khu chc nng theo quy hoch. l Khu lin c quan hnh chnh H Ni, vn phng i din cc tnh, thnh ph; Khu trng hc, nh tr; Cng vin cy xanh, bi xe; Khu hn hp (vn phng, ca hng dch v thng mi); Khu nh cao tng; v Khu khch sn 5 sao. D n cng nm trong nhm cc cng trnh ny. T quy hoch trn, khu th ng Nam Trn Duy Hng hin c 11 d n thnh phn bao gm: Th nht l d n xy dng h tng k thut Khu th ng Nam ng Trn Duy Hng, ch u t l Lin danh Cng ty c phn xy dng cng nghip ICC v Cng ty c phn t vn kin trc th H Ni UAC. Th hai l d n u t cng vin cy xanh kt hp dch v cng cng ti t c k hiu CX1, ch u t l Cng ty c phn thng mi Ngi nh mi. D
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n c UBND Thnh ph giao t theo Quyt nh s 5346/Q- UBND ngy 16/10/2009 v vic thu hi 17.597m2 t ti t CX1 Khu th ng Nam ng Trn Duy Hng cho Cng ty Ngi Nh mi thu thc hin d n. Hin ch u t khi cng cng trnh. Th ba, d n u t xy dng bi xe kt hp khun vin cy xanh v dch v cng cng. Th t, d n u t xy dng khu hnh chnh H Ni: Khu lin c quan hnh chnh ca thnh ph, khu vn phng cc tnh thnh ph; ch u t l Lin danh Tng cng ty XNK xy dng VN (Vinaconex) v Tng cng ty u t pht trin h tng th (UDIC). Hin ch u t ang tha thun phng n iu chnh tng mt bng v phng n kin trc. Th nm, khu t hn hp (khu vnh khn), thnh ph giao cho Vinaconex lm t i ng xy dng Bo tng H Ni, hin ch u t ang lm th tc lin quan n ch tiu quy hoch. Th su, Khu khch sn 5 sao, ch u t l Cng ty TNHH khch sn H Ni Plaza. Hin cng trnh thi cng xong phn th, ang hon thin, d kin s hon thnh trc thng 10/2010 cho mng i l 1000 nm Thng Long H Ni. Th by, Trng Trung hc ph thng H Ni Amsterdam, ang thi cng hon thin cng trnh, d kin hon thnh a vo s dng trc thng 8/2010. Th tm, khu trng hc nh tr do Cng ty c phn u t XNK xy dng v pht trin gio dc Thng Long lm ch u t, ang trin khai lp d n, tha thun tng mt bng v phng n kin trc. Th chn, khu nh cao tng NO3, ch u t l Cng ty TNHH Golden Gain VN. Hin ch u t ang tha thun tng mt bng v phng n kin trc. Th mi, khu nh cao tng NO4, ch u t l lin danh ICC, UAC, UDIC v Invenco. Hin ch u t ang trin khi thit k bn v thi cng, chun b lm cc th nghim. Th mi mt, khu nh cao tng NO5, Vinaconex ang trin khi thi cng cng trnh. ( Ngun: www. Diaocxaydung.com.vn)
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CHNG 3: NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG Vic nh gi mc nh hng ca cc tc ng n mi trng do thc hin d n u t xy dng Trung tm thng mi, khch sn v vn phng cho thu da trn quy hoch ca d n cng nh cc ngun cht thi v cc c im mi trng trong khu vc ca d n. nh gi c thc hin theo tng giai on hot ng nh sau: Giai on xy dng d n. Giai on d n hot ng. Vic thc hin d n s gy nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip n mi trng bn trong v bn ngoi khu vc d n cc mc khc nhau. Mt s tc ng mc khng ng k mang tnh tm thi, bn cnh , mt s tc ng khc mang tnh cht thng xuyn trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca d n. Cc tc ng ny c th xy ra trong giai on xy dng hoc trong giai on d n chnh thc i vo hot ng. Cc ngun gy tc ng v i tng phm vi tc ng trong giai on xy dng v vn hnh d n c tm tt trong bng sau: Bng 3.1. Ngun gy tc ng, i tng v phm vi tc ng
TT Ngun gy tc ng i tng, quy m b tc ng I Giai on xy dng cc hng mc ca d n I.1 San nn khu vc - nhim bi: do lng ct, t trong san nn rt ln; d n - nhim kh, n, rung: do hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng ti khu vc v dc tuyn ng vn chuyn; - Thay i tnh cht c l ca nn t, bin i a hnh khu vc; - nh hng n giao thng dc tuyn ng vn chuyn v khu vc khai thc nguyn vt liu; - Tc ng n vn tiu thot nc xung quanh khu vc d n: do a hnh khu vc c tn cao; - Gim din tch thm ca nc mt xung tng cha nc ngm; I.2 Xy dng - nhim kh, bi, n, rung: pht sinh t cc phng tin thi mng ng giao cng, cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu; thng - Kh thi t nu nha ng, trm trn atsphal; - Cn tr giao thng t cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn
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vt liu thi cng; - nhim nc mt: nc thi t ra nguyn vt liu, nc thi, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng. I.3 Xy dng h thng - Tc ng ti mi trng kh, n, rung: trong qu trnh thi thot nc mt cng v vn chuyn nguyn vt liu; - Bi, n t trm trn b tng; - Nc thi t ra nguyn vt liu, nc thi, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng; - Tc ng n kh nng tiu thot nc ma, nc mt; I.5 Xy dng h thng - Tc ng ti mi trng kh, n, rung trong qu trnh thi cp nc. cng, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu; - Nc thi t ra nguyn vt liu, bi n t trm trn b tng; nc thi sinh hot, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng; - Ti nguyn nc b tht thot trong thi cng. I.6 Xy dng - Tc ng ti mi trng kh, n, rung: do cc phng tin h thng cp in vn chuyn nguyn vt liu thi cng; - Tc ng n vn an ton lao ng trong an ton lao ng; - Nc thi, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng. II Giai on vn hnh d n II.1 H thng giao thng - Tng kh nng nhim kh, bi, n do hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng - Tng nguy c ti nn giao thng II.2 H thng cp thot - p ng nhu cu v ngun nc cp cho d n nc - Tiu thot nc tt hn II.4 H thng cy xanh - Gip iu ho khng kh, gim nguy c nhim kh, bi n ti cc khu vc sn xut v ng giao thng - To cnh quan p, hi ho cho khu vc d n II.5 Nc thi sinh hot - Tc ng n h thng thot nc thi chung ca thnh ph
Cc tc ng ca d n c c th nh sau:
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3.1 NH GI TC NG 3.1.1 Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Khu t c d kin xy dng hin l khu t trng tin hnh y cc cng tc di di v gii ta nn nhng tc ng t giai on gii phng mt bng s khng c trnh by trong bo co. 3.1.1.1 Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng d n Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theo mi trng t nhin b tc ng, sau y l ngun gy tc ng t hot ng thi cng xy dng khch sn, ta nh vn phng v khu trung tm mua sm; A. Mi trng khng kh Cc ngun gy nhim khng kh chnh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng trung tm mua sm bao gm bi, cc loi hi kh c hi nh SO x, CO, CO2, cc hp cht hu c d bay hi... pht sinh t cc phng tin vn chuyn, t hot ng ca cc loi my xy dng (my i, my m, my o, my xc, my trn b tng...), my pht in... Ngoi ra, cn c cc loi khi, hi kim loi pht sinh t cc my ct, my hn kim loi... Cc tc ng n mi trng t nhin v sc kho con ngi do cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh nh sau: Bi Tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh ch yu trong giai on xy dng l bi, bao gm bi t , bi xi mng, bi trong khi thi... Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng lng bi c th pht sinh nh sau: Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ch yu l bi t cc hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn vt liu xy dng, my mc thit b. D bo kh nng pht thi bi do qu trnh ng vt liu v vn chuyn phc v san lp, nhm chuyn gia da vo cng thc thc nghim do Cc Mi trng M xut c tnh ton n iu kin thc ti Vit Nam. - Bi pht tn do cc ng vt liu tp kt phc v cho vic xy dng. Theo AIR CHIEF Cc Bo v Mi trng M (U.S Environmental Protection Agency) ti liu Emission Inventories, nm 1995 th h s pht thi do cc ng vt liu (ch yu l ct) c tnh theo cng thc sau:
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U 2,2 E = k ( 0,0016 ) 1, 4 M 2
1, 3
Trong : E l h s pht thi bi cho 1 tn vt liu (kg/tn) k: h s khng th nguyn cho kch thc bi (k = 0,74 cho cc ht bi c kch thc <30 micron); U: Tc gi trung bnh (m/s) M: m ca vt liu (ct = 3%) Vi khu vc thi cng ca D n tc gi trung bnh ly vo ma h l 4 m/s. Khi ta c:
4 2,2 = 0,00146( kg / T ) E = 0,74( 0,0016) 1, 4 3 2
1, 3
Tng khi lng vt liu (ch yu l ct ) thi cng tp kt c tnh ton chim khong 22% tng vn u t d n l 209.000.000. VND, tnh trung bnh 1 tn nguyn liu (ct, ) l 158.963 ng nh vy s c tng khi lng t khong 1.231.730 tn, nh vy da theo cng thc trn tng lng bi pht sinh t hot ng ng vt liu l 1798,3kg. - Bi pht tn do cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu. Cng theo AIR CHIEF, Cc Mi trng M, nm 1995 th
s S W w E = 1,7k 12 48 2,7 4
0,7 0,5
[ ( 365 p ) / 365]
Trong : E: h s pht thi (kg bi/km); k: H s khng th nguyn cho loi kch thc bi (thng ly k=1) s: H s mt ng (ng nha s= 5) S: Tc trung bnh ca xe chuyn ch, ly bng 40 km/h W: ti trng xe, ly bng 10 tn w: s lp xe, ly bng 6
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p: s ngy ma trung bnh trong nm, theo s liu ca trm kh tng thnh ph, s ngy ma trong khu vc trung bnh l 153 ngy/m Khi ta c
5 40 10 6 E = 1,7 12 48 2,7 4
0,7 0,5
[ ( 365 153) / 365] = 1,05 (kg bi/km)
Da trn tng s lng nguyn vt liu xy dng l 1.231.730 tn v khi lng t thi b t qu trnh xy dng tng hm l 307.000m3 (s dng trng lng ring ca t l 1,9 tn/m3) chn phng tin vn chuyn l xe c ti trng 10 tn, c th tnh ton tng i tng s xe vn chuyn nguyn vt liu l 181.503 chuyn vi qung ng vn chuyn khong 12km (c i v v), c tnh tng lng bi pht sinh l 2.286 tn. Mc d tng khi lng bi pht sinh tng i ln nhng tng lng ny pht sinh trong sut qu trnh thi cng xy dng v tri di trn sut tuyn ng nn kh nng gy tc ng l khng ln. Cc ngun gy nhim nh ni trn tuy ch l tm thi, nhng nu khng c bin php t chc thi cng hp l cng c th gy tc ng xu ti mi trng khu vc. Tc hi ca bi Bi pht sinh trong cc cng on thi cng xy dng khc nhau s c nhng tc ng khc nhau i vi con ngi v mi trng. Bi s hp th v khuch tn nh sng mt tri lm gim trong ca kh quyn, nh hng ti sc kho con ngi. Bi cn bm vo b mt cc cng trnh, thit b lm mt m quan, c th gy n mn kim loi. Ngoi ra cc loi bi ny c kh nng lm nhim ngun nc, tng c. - Trong hot ng thi cng xy dng c s h tng k thut, bi hu nh ch nh hng n nhng ngi cng nhn xy dng trn cng trng. Cc loi bi ny tn ti trng thi l lng trong khng kh, c kh nng gy cc bnh v ng h hp nh vim ph qun, vim phi, hen suyn Cc nh hng ca bi ti sc kho con ngi l rt ln, song trn thc t giai on thi cng xy dng ch din ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, hn na khu vc thi cng xy dng tng i rng nn mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh ch mang tnh cht tm thi. Kh thi t ng c Mc pht thi cc cht nhim ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t nh: nhit khng kh, vn tc xe chy, chiu di qung ng i, phn khi ng
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c, loi nhin liu s dng, cc bin php kim sot nhim p dng. Trong thi gian thi cng xy dng, phng tin vn chuyn ch yu l xe ti hng nng. WHO a ra phng php d bo ti lng nhim ph thuc ti trng v vn tc t cc phng tin vn ti nh sau: Bng 3.2 H s nhim t hot ng xe ti chy trn ng Phng tin TSP SO2 NOx CO VOC Ch (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) Xe ti trng 3,5-16 tn chy diesel - ng th 1000 km 0,9 4,29S 11,8 6,0 2,6 tn nhin liu 4,3 20S 55 28 12 Ngun: WHO, 1993. Ghi ch: S l hm lng lu hunh trong xng du chn 0,25% (% kl) tnh ton c ti lng nhim cn phi c tnh c s lng cc lt xe vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng. Cn c trn tng s vn u t d n s c tnh c tng s nguyn vt liu dnh cho cng trnh nh tnh ton trn cng vi khi lng t thi c ch n ni thi, chn loi xe ti c ti trng 10 tn (loi ng th), s c s lng xe vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng l 181.503 chuyn, vi qung ng vn chuyn khong 12km (c i v v), sau y l phn tnh ton ti lng kh thi pht sinh t hot ng ca cc phng tin : Bng 3.3 c tnh ti lng cc cht kh nhim pht sinh t cc hot ng vn chuyn nguyn liu Cht nhim TSP SO2 NOx CO VOC Tng lng thi (kg) 1960,232 2335,944 25700,82 13068,22 5662,894 n v (U)
Theo kt qu c tnh trn, lng cht nhim pht sinh t cc hot ng vn chuyn trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng c s vt cht k thut d n tng i ln. Bn cnh , ti khu vc cng trng tp trung nhiu thit b cng hot ng nh xe cu, my o, my xc lng khi thi ng c c cha nhiu cht c hi nh NOx, CO2, CO, SO2, VOCs s lm suy gim cht lng khng kh khu vc, nh hng n mi trng v sc khe con ngi. Vi thi gian thi cng
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ko di, nh hng ny l tng i lu v ngoi nhng tc ng ln cng nhn tham gia thi cng ti ch cn tc ng ln cc khu dn c xung quanh. Tuy nhin khu vc d n l khu vc thng thong nn cc cht kh nhim s nhanh chng pht tn v nh hng khng ng k. Kh thi t cc hot ng c kh Trong qu trnh hn cc kt cu thp, cc loi ha cht trong que hn b chy v pht sinh khi c cha cc cht c hi, c kh nng gy nhim mi trng khng kh v nh hng n sc khe tm tt trong bng 3.3. Bng 3.4 Nng cc cht kh o c trong qu trnh hn in vt liu kim loi
Cht nhim Khi hn (c cha cc cht nhim khc) (mg/1 que hn) CO (mg/1 que hn) NOx (mg/1 que hn) 2,5 285 10 12 ng knh que hn (mm) 3,25 4 5 508 706 1.100 15 20 25 30 35 45 6 1.578 50 70
Ngun: Phm Ngc ng (2000), Mi trng khng kh, NXB KHKT Ti lng kh thi t cng on hn c d bo l khng cao so vi cc ngun nhim khc nhng s nh hng trc tip n nhng ngi th hn. Vi cc phng tin bo h c nhn ph hp, s hn ch c cc nh hng xu i vi cng nhn lao ng. B. Mi trng nc Trong giai on xy dng cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc chnh l nc ma chy trn trn cng trng v nc thi sinh hot ca lc lng cng nhn xy dng. Nc ma chy trn Nc ma chy trn trn cng trng xy dng s cun theo t ct, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn, rc thi trong qu trnh xy dng chy xung cng thot nc chung ca khu vc. Theo s liu thng k ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) th nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn thng thng khong 0,5 1,5 mg N/l; 0,004 -0,03 mg P/l; 10 20 mg COD/l v 10- 20 mgTSS/l. Lng nc ma trung bnh ti khu vc d n l 1.789 mm/nm. Khi lng nc ma chy trn ti khu vc nh my trung bnh l 1.789mm x 4 ha = 7.150 m3/nm.
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Bn thn nc ma khng phi l ngun gy nhim mi trng, khi thi cng vo ma ma, nc ma chy trn qua khu vc thi cng s cun theo t, ct, vy thp, du m... chy vo h thng thot nc ca khu vc. Nu ngun nc ny khng c qun l tt s gy ra nhng tc ng tiu cc ngun thy vc xung quanh d n. Tc ng nc ma chy trn qua khu vc thi cng c th c d bo thng qua vn thi cc cht nhim vo kh quyn v cht thi rn v nguy hi ti khu vc thc hin d n. Vi c trng ca ngun nhim mi trng khng kh trong hot ng thi cng l bi, cc cht kh thi c tnh axit (SO2, NOx, CO...) khi gp ma cc cht ny d dng ha tan vo trong nc ma lm cho nc ma b nhim, ngoi ra do s ha tan cc cht kh c tnh axit nn nc ma c th lm h hi cc vt liu kt cu v cng trnh xy dng. Do vy nc ma cn phi c thu gom qun l trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. Nc thi sinh hot Trong qu trnh xy dng, trung bnh c khong 150 cng nhn lm vic trn cng trng xy dng, nhu cu cp nc 10,5 m3/ngy (theo TCXD 33:2006 p dng mc 70 lt/ngi/ngy). Lng nc s dng trong giai on xy dng l nc ngm c khoan su 20m. Tng ng vi nhu cu dng nc ca cng nhn xy dng s to ra lng nc thi sinh hot l 10,5 m 3/ngy (nc thi c tnh ton bng 100% lng nc cp). Nc thi sinh hot thng cha cht rn l lng, cht hu c ha tan v vi khun, c kh nng ly lan cc bnh dch t, l, thng hn v cc bnh ng rut qua mi trng nc cho ngi. Bn cnh , vic thi cc nc thi ny s lm gim lng xy ha tan trong nc nh hng i sng ca cc loi thy sinh. Do vic x l nc thi sinh hot l rt cn thit nhm bo m hot ng thi cng xy dng ca d n khng gy nh hng n mi trng. Nc thi thi cng Thc t ti khu vc d n l khu vc c b tng mt phn nn vic ra xe thi cng trc khi ri khi cng trng l khng nhiu, mt khc s lng xe thng xuyn ra vo cng trng ch yu l cc xe ti vn chuyn nguyn liu do cc xe ny khng cn thit phi ra xe trc khi ri khi cng trng v v tr tp kt nguyn vt liu s c chn ti v tr thch hp. Ring i vi cc my mc lm vic ti cng trng vic xc ra my mc nh my trn b tng s pht
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sinh ra mt khi lng nc thi nht nh. c tnh tng lng nc thi thi cng t hot ng xy dng ca d n 3m3/ngy ( khng bao gm nc ra my mc thit b do khng ra my mc thit b ti cng trng sau gi lm vic). Lng nc thi ny c thnh phn ch yu l t ct, xi mng c th gy tc ng ng thot nc do s phi c bin php x l c th. C. Mi trng t Ngoi nhng tc ng t vic thay i tnh cht do qu trnh thi cng xy dng, mi trng t s chu tc ng ca ba ngun thi: nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn. Nu ngun nc b nhim chy qua th vng t ni m dng nc chy qua s b nhim theo. Cng nh nc thi, kh thi cng nh hng n mi trng t. Kh thi v bi s pht tn trong khng kh, hp th hi nc v tr nn nng hn khng kh, ri tr li mt t v gy nh hng n cht lng mi trng t. Ngoi ra, cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn lm vic trn cng trng l ngun gy nhim mi trng t nu khng c thu gom v x l ng qui nh. Tc ng ng k nht t hot ng thi cng xy dng ca d n n mi trng t l s thay i v mc ch s dng dn n s thay i v tnh cht vt l ca t. Tuy nhin tc ng ny l khng ln v khng gy nh hng nhiu, ngc li s thay i mc ch s dng t s lm tng hiu qu kinh t cho khu vc. D. Tc ng t cht thi rn - Cht thi rn pht sinh t hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn trong sut qu trnh xy dng. Theo c tnh, mi cng nhn thi cng ti cng trng xy dng thi ra t 0,5 kg rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. c tnh lng cht thi rn sinh hot 150 cng nhn x 0,5 kg rc = 75kg. Cht thi sinh hot c cha cc cht hu c d phn hy (thc n tha) v cc thnh phn tr kh phn hy (bao b nha, nylon, ). Lng rc ny s c thu gom theo quy nh thu gom cht thi rn sinh hot ca th. - Cht thi rn ch yu trong giai on ny l cc loi nguyn vt liu xy dng ph thi ri vi trong qu trnh xy dng, st thp vn, t , x bnPhn cht thi rn ny khng gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi nhng li gy mt cnh quan ca khu vc, tuy nhin cc loi cht thi ny c kh nng ti s dng cao nn s c thu gom v ti s dng bng cch hp ng vi cc n v c nhu cu.
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- Ngoi ra, lng cht thi rn nguy hi pht sinh trong qu trnh xy dng nh gi lau dnh du nht, pin vi khi lng khng ng k. Bn cnh lng cht thi sinh hot, cht thi thi cng cn mt lng t o thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng tng hm, v cc cng trnh lin quan vi tng din tch xy dng l 40.000m2 c tnh tng th tch t o khong 307.000m3 t. y l mt khi lng t tng i ln nu khng c bin php gii quyt s gy nh hng n mi trng. Vi khi lng t o pht sinh ln nu khng c vn chuyn v x l hp l s pht tn vo mi trng khng kh gy bi hoc theo nc ma chy trn gy tc nghn cng rnh ti khu vc. Do vic ra nhng bin php gii quyt tha ng l rt cn thit nhm m bo cht lng mi trng ti khu vc trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng. Nhn chung, giai on thi cng xy dng d n gy tc ng c hi n mi trng v sc khe ca cng nhn cng nh n khu vc dn c xung quanh, trong tc hi nhiu nht l nhim bi, kh thi, ting n, nc thi v rc thi sinh hot. Tuy nhin, cc tc ng ny ch l tc ng tm thi, cc b v kt thc khi hot ng thi cng xy dng d n c hon tt. 3.1.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng Tng t nh giai on thi cng xy dng, giai on d n i vo hot ng cng s tc ng n cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin, tuy nhin do c th ca d n nn nhng tc ng ny l khng qu ln. Sau y l phn nh gi c th cc ngun tc ng c lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng ca d n: A. Mi trng khng kh Da trn loi hnh hot ng ca d n c th tm tt cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi n mi trng khng kh ch yu t cc hot ng sau: - Bi v kh thi pht sinh t cc hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng - Bi v kh thi pht sinh t hot ng ca my pht in d phng - Kh thi pht sinh t trm x l nc thi v im tp kt cht thi rn ca khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi. - Mi pht sinh t khu vc nh hng, khu m thc T hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng
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Do c im v m hnh hot ng cu d n nn mi trng khng kh b tc ng khng ng k. Do mc gy tc ng n cng ng trong khu vc d n l khng ng k. Bi ch yu pht sinh t cc phng tin vn chuyn nh xe gn my, xe t Cc loi bi ny tn ti trng thi l lng trong khng kh, c kh nng gy cc bnh v ng h hp nh vim ph qun, vim phi, hen suyni vi cng ng dn c. Thnh phn bi ch yu l t, ct c kch thc nh. Tc hi ca loi bi ny l khng ln nhng cng cn phng nga nhim cho ngi dn sng v lm vic ti d n trong tng lai. Kh thi pht sinh t hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng c tnh ton da trn s lng phng tin giao thng vn chuyn ra vo ta nh. Cc phng tin ny ch yu s dng nhin liu l du Diesel nn s thi ra mi trng khng kh mt lng khi thi kh ln cha cc cht nhim nh NO2, THC, CO, SO2. Khi d n i vo hot ng, da trn s lng khch ti nh hng, trung tm thng mi, khch du lch c th tnh ton tng i lng phng tin vo ra ta nh. Vi tng s khch mua sm ti trung tm l 2500, khch sn 600 thc khch, cng nhn vin lm vic ti ta nh l 200 nhn vin. S lng xe c tnh ton da trn tng s ngi n ta nh l 3.300 ngi, vi tiu chun dng xe gn my l 2 ngi/xe v 4 ngi/xe t, trong s lng ngi s dng xe hi l 20%. Khi tng s lng xe gn my l 1320 xe, xe t l 165 xe, vi qung ng di chuyn trung bnh ca mt phng tin trong khu vc d n l 400m. Da trn h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) thit lp i vi xe gn my v xe hi, c th c tnh c tng lng cht thi kh sinh ra t hot ng ca cc phng tin. Ti lng cc cht nhim khng kh sinh ra t hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn c trnh by c th ti bng sau: Bng 3.5 Ti lng kh thi ca xe gn my Phng tin TSP SO2 NOx CO VOC (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) Xe c ng c >50cc 1000 km 0,76S 0,3 20 3 (4 th) tn nhin liu 20S 8 525 80 Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993 Bng 3.6 H s nhim t xe hi Phng tin n v (U) TSP SO2 NOx CO VOC n v (U)
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(kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) (kg/u) Xe hi sn xut 1985-1992 (khu ngoi ) - ng c >2000 cc 1000 km 0,05 1,17S 3,14 6,99 1,05 tn nhin liu 0,85 20S 53,81 119,9 18,02 Ngun: WHO, 1993. Ghi ch: S l hm lng lu hunh (%) trong du DO Bng 3.7 Ti lng cc cht nhim khng kh do kh thi t cc phng tin vn ti sinh ra khi d n i vo hot ng
TT 1 2 3 4 5 Cht nhim Bi SO2 NOx CO THC Ti lng (kg/ngy) 0,00882 0,049959 0,61866 22,14198 3,30498
Nhn chung ti lng cc cht nhim pht sinh t hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn khng ln nn mc tc ng khng ng k. Mt khc ch u t s c cc bin php nhm gim thiu tc ng t hot ng ny. T hot ng ca my pht in d phng Nhm bo m hot ng thng xuyn ca trung tm, Ch d n s trang b mt my pht in cng sut 1500KVA. Cc s liu d bo v ti lng cc cht nhim trong my pht in di y ch mang tnh cht nh tnh, c th xc nh tng qut c thnh phn v mc nhim ca ngun thi ny tc ng n mi trng. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi ca my pht in d phng c tnh trn c s ti lng cc cht nhim v lu lng kh thi. Sau y l bng th hin h s nhim trong kh thi t du DO: Bng 3.8 Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in d phng Cht Ti lng nhim nhim (Kg cht nhim/tn du) Bi 0,71 SO2 20S NOx 9,62 THC 9,97 CO 2,19 Ngun: Gio trnh Ha k thut mi trng i cng, Nguyn Quc Bnh Ghi ch: S: hm lng lu hunh trong du DO = 0,25%
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Theo tnh ton th trong khi chy my pht in, vi cng sut 1500 KVA, 1 kg du DO s thi ra 24 m3 khng kh, ng vi mc tiu th du 252 kg du/h s thi ra 6048 m3/h (1,68m3/s) khng kh (Ngun: theo thng s k thut ca hng cung cp my pht in), sau y l ti lng v nng kh thi ca my pht in: Bng 3.9 Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in d phng Nng QCVN (mg/m3) 19:2009/BTNMT 29,5833 200 Bi 0,17892 3 SO2 1,26 208,33 500 400,833 850 NOx 2,42424 3 415,416 THC 2,51244 7 CO 0,55188 91,25 1.000 Nh vy so vi tiu chun trn c th nhn thy hu ht nng trong kh thi do vic t du DO vn hnh my pht in d phng so vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng kh thi cng nghip QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT l khng vt qu gi tr cho php. T hot ng ca trm x l nc thi tp trung v im tp kt cht thi rn Ti khu vc tp trung cht thi rn trong iu kin nhit v m thch hp, hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt khi phn hy k kh cc thnh phn hu c s pht sinh mi v to thnh cc cht kh nh NH3, CH4 Lng kh ny rt kh tnh ton c nn khi d n i vo hot ng ch d n s ra phng n lu gi v qun l cht thi pht sinh trong ta nh trnh mi v pht sinh ra mi trng. Mi hi t cc trm XLNT tp trung pht sinh ch yu t cc n nguyn m ti c xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh. Qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cng pht sinh mi hi nhng mc rt thp. Cc n nguyn t h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca trung tm c kh nng pht sinh mi hi nh: b thu gom, b iu haCc sn phm dng kh chnh t qu trnh phn hy k kh gm H2S, Mercaptane, CO2, CH4 Trong , H2S v Mercaptane l cc cht gy mi hi chnh, cn CH4 l cht gy chy n nu b tch t mt nng nht nh. Cht nhim Ti lng nhim (Kg cht nhim/gi)
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ng lu l H2S do c mi hi nng, kh chu. Tuy nhin do c trng nc thi u vo ca h thng l nc thi sinh hot v quy trnh cng ngh x l khng c cc hng mc pht sinh ng k nn mi hi pht sinh t trm x l nc thi tp trung ca d n l rt thp v khng gy nh hng ng k n khu vc d n v xung quanh. T hot ng ca khu vc nh hng, khu m thc Nhin liu s dng ch yu ti khu vc nh hng v m thc thng thng l gas nn nng kh thi pht sinh t hot ng s dng nhin liu ny l rt thp v khng gy nhiu nh hng n mi trng khng kh. Ngoi kh thi t vic s dng nhin liu qu trnh nu nng ti khu vc bp nh hng cng s pht sinh mi. Tuy nhin mi pht sinh t hot ng nu nng khng ln v khng c tnh c hi, tuy nhin nu khng thc hin cc bin php gim thiu s nh hng phn no n cht lng cuc sng cho khu dn c k cn v cho chnh nhng thc khch cng nh khch mua sm ti trung tm. Do gim thiu tc ng t hot ng ny Ch d n s p dng cc bin php mang tnh kh thi v ng dng cao l lp cc thit b hp th mi v thong gi nhm bo m cc hot ng ny khng gy nh hng n khu dn c xung quanh v trung tm. B. Mi trng nc Trong gian on d n i vo hot ng th cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc chnh bao gm nc thi v nc ma. Nc thi Ngun pht sinh nc thi ch yu ti ta nh l t sinh hot ca khch mua sm, thc khch ti khch sn v vn phng, khu m thc v mt lng nc thi t qu trnh lm v sinh bi xe, khu vc nh v sinh.. Cn c vo tiu chun cp nc tnh ton c th thy tng lng nc thi t hot ng ca d n l 120m3/ngy. Nc thi sinh hot ca cc i tng dng nc c tnh cht kh ging nhau, bao gm nhiu cht rn l lng, cht hu c d b phn hy sinh hc; hm lng cht dinh dng cao (N, P); cha nhiu vi sinh vt gy bnh, c bit l Coliform, Fecal Streptococci, Salmonella typhosa v mt s vi khun gy bnh khc. Ti lng cc cht nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (nu khng x l) s gy nh hng ln n mi trng tip nhn. Mc nhim ca nc thi sinh hot
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Trong nc thi sinh hot c cha mt hm lng ln cht nhim hu c, v c, vi sinh vt gy bnh s lm gia tng mu v tng nng ca cc cht nhim ngun nc tip nhn. Nc thi sinh hot cha cht hu c khi phn hy gy nn mi kh chu v c mu cao. Ngoi ra c mt lng ln cc vi sinh vt c bit l cc vi khun k sinh trong rut ngi v ng vt, trong c nhiu loi l vi trng gy bnh nh E.Coli, Streptococcus, Salmonela Nu khng kim sot tt ngun nc thi ny th s c nguy c lan truyn nhim vo ngun nc mt v nc ngm, gy nn dch bnh cho con ngi v ng vt cng nh gy nhim mi trng. Tc ng ca cc cht hu c Vic nhim hu c s dn n suy gim nng oxy ha tan trong nc do vi sinh vt s dng oxy ha tan phn hy cc cht hu c. Nng oxy ha tan di 50% bo ha c kh nng gy nh hng ti s pht trin ca tm, c. Oxy ha tan gim khng ch gy tc hi nghim trng n ti nguyn thy sinh m cn lm gim kh nng t lm sch ca ngun nc. Tc ng ca cc cht rn l lng Cc cht rn l lng hn ch su ca tng nc c nh sng chiu xung, gy nh hng ti qu trnh quang hp ca to, rong ru v do cng l tc nhn gy nh hng tiu cc n ti nguyn thy sinh. Cht rn l lng gy kh chu cho loi c do cc ht nh chui vo mang c ng thi gy tc hi v mt cm quan (tng c ngun nc) v gy bi lng. Tc ng ca cc cht dinh dng (N, P) S d tha cc cht dinh dng dn n s pht trin, gn nh bng n ca nhng loi to, sau s phn hy cc to li hp th rt nhiu oxy. Thiu oxy, nhiu thnh phn trong nc ln men v thi. Ngoi ra, cc loi to ni trn mt nc to thnh lp mng khin cho bn di khng c nh sng. Qu trnh quang hp ca cc thc vt tng di b ngng tr. Nng N cao hn 1,0 mg/l v phostpho cao hn 0,01 mg/l ti cc dng chy chm l iu kin gy nn s bng n ca to (hin tng ph dng) tc ng xu n cht lng nc, nh hng ti pht trin thy sn, du lch v cp nc. Nc ma chy trn Nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma: Nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma c tnh khong 0,5-1 mgN/l, 0,004-0,003 mgP/l, 10-20 mg COD/l, 10-20 mgTSS/l. Nc ma c quy c l
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nc sch c th thi ra ngun tip nhn m khng qua x l. Tuy nhin nc ma ra tri cc cht trn mt t, ng giao thng ni b nn s b nhim mt phn do cc cht hu c, cht rn ha tan, cht rn l lng cng nh cc cht dinh dng c trong t. Vi tng din tch t ca d n l 40.000 m2, trong din tch t xy dng 18.000m2, ng vi din tch t c xy dng s pht sinh 100% lng nc ma chy trn ring i vi din tch cn li do qu trnh thm vo t, l cy nn h s chy trn la chn l 0,25. ng vi lng ma vo thng c lng ma ln nht (thng 10,2008) nh vy tng lng ma chy trn t d n c tnh ton nh sau: Qmax = i.A.F (m3/thng) Trong : i: h s chy trn (i= 0,25 :p dng cho vng bi c; i=1 p dng cho din tch t xy dng). Qmax : lu lng ln nht. F: Din tch. A: lu lng ma (m/thng) Qmax = 18.000 x 0,469 + 0,25 x 22.000 x 0,349 = 11.021,5m3/thng Tc hi do nc ma chy trn Nc ma chy trn trn mt t ti khu vc s cun theo cc cht cn b v t ct xung ng thot nc ca d n, nu khng c cc bin php tiu thot tt s gy nn tnh trng ng nc ma trong khu vc d n, to nh hng xu n mi trng. C. Tc ng t cht thi rn Hot ng ca d n ch yu l thng mi kt hp vi cc dch v gii tr nn cht thi rn pht sinh ch yu l cht thi rn sinh hot. Bn cnh l mt lng nh cht thi rn nguy hi pht sinh t qu trnh hot ng ca trung tm, sau y l phn trnh by c th v thnh phn v khi lng pht sinh: Cht thi rn sinh hot Khi lng: Da trn quy m ca trung tm v tiu chun khi lng cht thi rn pht sinh c th tnh ton c khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot ca trung tm, vi tng s lng ngi ti trung tm mua sm l 2500 ngi, khch thc ca khch sn l 600 ngi, nhn vin lm vic trong trung tm v vn phng l 200 ngi... theo c trng hot ng ca d n i vi khch sn, ta nh vn
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phng th lng cht thi s khng cao nhng i vi khu vc nh hng, m thc v trung tm thng mi lng cht thi bnh qun trn u ngi s cao hn. Do lng cht thi rn s c c tnh nh sau: Tng cht thi rn pht sinh = tng s lng ngi c ti ta nh x lng cht thi rn pht sinh trung bnh ca 1 ngi/ngy. = 3.300 ngi x 0,3 kg/ngi.ngy = 990 kg/ngy. Thnh phn: cht thi pht sinh t khu trung tm ch yu l t sinh hot ca con ngi ti y, do thnh phn cht thi rn s c nhng c tnh tng t nh cht thi rn pht sinh t cc h gia nh, thnh phn ca cht thi rn sinh hot c tng hp v trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 3.10 Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot
STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Thnh Phn Thc phm Giy Carton Nilon Nha Vi G Cao su cng Thy tinh Lon hp Kim loi mu Snh s X bn Styrofoam Tng cng T L (%) Khong dao ng Trung bnh 61,0 96,6 79,17 1,0 19,7 5,18 0 4,6 0,18 0 36,6 6,84 0 10,8 2,05 0 14,2 0,98 0 7,2 0,66 0 2,8 0,13 0 25,0 1,94 0 10,2 1,05 0 3,3 0,36 0 10,5 0,74 0 9,3 0,69 0 1,3 0,12 100
Mc tc ng: Cht thi rn sinh hot c thnh phn cht hu c cao nn d phn hy gy mi hi, kh chu. Trong thnh phn ca cht thi rn sinh hot c nhng thnh phn rt kh phn hy nn s l mt ngun gy nhim lu di n mi trng t nh bc nilong, nha, do vi lng cht thi rn k trn, mi ngy trung tm thng mi u phi thu gom v x l, nu khng th s gy nhim ti khu vc d n cng nh cc cng trnh xung quanh. Cht thi nguy hi Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh t trung tm c khi lng khng nhiu v thnh phn tng i n gin, ch yu l cc pin thi, bng n hunh quang thi, hp mc in, gi lau dnh du nht t qu trnh bo tr cc my mc ca trung
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tm. Khi lng cht thi nguy hi pht sinh khng nhiu c tnh khong 100kg/thng. Mc tc ng: cc cht thi nguy hi nh bao b cha ha cht thi b cha cc thnh phn nguy hi cng nh gi lau dnh du nht v pin, bng n hunh quang u cha cc thnh phn nguy hi. Do nu khng x l ng theo quy nh s gy nhim mi trng tip nhn c th l mi trng t, mi trng nc v mi trng khng kh do s tn d cc cht c hi. Trong qu trnh lan truyn kh nng gy nh hng n con ngi, ng vt v thc vt l kh trnh khi, s gy nhim c cho con ngi, ng vt cng nh h thc vt nu tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip thng qua mi trng tip nhn. 3.1.2 Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi 3.1.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on thi cng xy dng A. nhim v ting n v chn ng: Trong giai on xy dng c s h tng, lp t thit b, ting n pht sinh ca yu t hot ng ca cc xe vn chuyn vt t, thit v, cc my xy dng, phc v thi cng lp t thit b, cc hot ng c in, my n sau y l bng tham kho v ting n ca cc my mc thit b thi cng ti nhiu khong cch: Bng 3.11 Ting n ca cc my mc thit b ti cc khong cch khc nhau
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thit b thi cng My i My khoan My ca tay My nn diesel My ng cc btng 1,5T My trn btng TCVN 5949 - 1998 Mc n im cch my 1,5m 93 87 82 80 75 75 Mc n khong cch 200m 71 65 60 58 53 53 75 Mc n khong cch 500m 63 57 52 50 45 45 75
Ngun: WHO, 1993. Ghi ch: TCVN 5949 1998: Tiu chun ting n i vi khu dn c Ting n sinh ra do cc my mc thit b thi cng trn cng trng s ch nh hng trc tip n cng nhn lao ng v nm trong gii hn cho php i vi khu dn c theo TCVN 5949 1998. Qu trnh thi cng xy dng s lm pht sinh cc chn ng do hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng cng nh cc hot ng khoan, b tng s gy
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nn nhng chn ng nht nh nh hng n cc cng trnh ln cn. Nhng chn ng ln c th gy nt gy cc cng trnh v y l mt trong nhng tc ng ng ngi nht trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc cng trnh nn Ch d n s c nhng bin php nhm gim thiu n mc thp nht nhng tc ng ny. B. nhim nhit: nhim nhit t bc x mt tri, t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit (t cc phng tin vn ti v my mc thi cng nht l khi tri nng bc). Cc cht nhim ny ch yu s tc ng ln ngi cng nhn trc tip lm vic ti cng trng. C. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t-x hi Thi gian tin hnh thi cng xy dng d n ko di trong khong 6 thng. Trong khong thi gian ny s tp trung cng nhn lao ng s dn n s bt n v an ninh trt t ti khu vc d n, do nhng s khc bit v vn ha, phong tc gia cng nhn t a phng khc n v ngi dn sinh sng trong vng. Bn cnh s bt n v an ninh trt t, s tp trung cng nhn xy dng c th ko theo cc t nn x hi do s hnh thnh cc dch v hng qun. Hot ng thi cng xy dng cn gy tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi do s vn chuyn cc my mc thit b, phng tin vn chuyn ca cng nhn xy dng s lm gia tng mt phng tin tham gia giao thng ti khu vc xung quanh d n. S gia tng mt phng tin giao thng s lm gia tng kh nng xy ra tai nn v lm tng kh nng kt xe gy nh hng n cuc sng ca ngi dn sinh sng xung quanh v dc theo cc tuyn ng vn chuyn chnh. 3.1.2.2 Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng A. nhim ting n Ting n ch yu pht ra t cc hot ng ca khu thng mi, nh hng, bi t, xe gn my. Tuy nhin, ting n pht sinh t hot ng ny khng qu ln v khng thng xuyn, theo kho st chung ting n trong khu vc thng mi thng dao ng trong khong t 50 65dB. Ting n pht sinh t vn phng v nh hng ch tp trung vo nhng thi im nht nh v phm vi tc ng khng rng.
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i vi my pht in d phng gy ting n kh ln cn phi c cc bin php khng ch ting n hp l. Tuy nhin my pht in khng hot ng thng xuyn nn nhng tc ng ca ngun n ny l khng ng k. Ting n cao hn tiu chun cho php s gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi. c bit i vi nhng ngi tip xc trc tip v lu di vi ting n s gy ic ngh nghip hay gy mt s nh hng nh: mt ng, mt mi, tm l kh chu. Ting n cn lm gim nng sut lao ng, km tp trung t tng lm vic. Ting n t 80 dBA tr ln s lm gim s ch , d mt mi, nhc u, chng mt, tng cng s c ch thn kinh trung ng v nh hng ti thnh gic ca con ngi. Khi tip xc vi ting n c cng cao v trong thi gian di s dn n bnh ic nn vic gim thiu ting n l rt quan trng. B. nhim nhit Trong qu trnh hot ng ca trung tm ngun pht sinh nhit ch yu l t khu vc nh bp ca khu vc nh hng, khu m thc v t h thng lm lnh. Ngoi ra qu trnh vn hnh my pht in d phng trong nhng thi im mt in cng s gp phn lm tng nn nhit ti khu vc d n. Tuy nhin tc ng ny ch mang tnh tm thi v khng thng xuyn. C. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t, vn ha, x hi Trung tm mua sm c a vo hot ng s tc ng n mi trng kinh t, vn ha x ha ti khu vc do s tp trung khch mua sm ti khu vc. S tp trung ny s dn n mt lot cc tc ng nh lm gia tng lu lng xe c ti khu vc dn n lm tng nguy c xy ra tai nn v tnh trng ch tc ti khu vc c bit l d n c xy dng ngay cnh siu th Big C ang hot ng bn cnh d n. D n c xy dng s nng cao cht lng cuc sng ca ngi dn ti khu vc, gp phn gii quyt nhu cu v i sng v tinh thn cng nh to mt mi trng gii tr lnh mnh. 3.1.3 i tng, quy m b tc ng 3.1.3.1 Mi trng t nhin Mi trng khng kh xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n H thc vt: hin ti khu vc thc hin d n khng cn h sinh vt no v ton b khu t c gii ta phc v cho mc ch kinh doanh thng mi.
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3.1.3.2 Mi trng x hi v cc cng trnh vn ha Ti v tr d n c di di gii ta ton b theo quy hoch tng th ca ton khu th nn ti khu vc d n khng c bt c cng trnh x hi no. Tuy nhin xung quanh khu vc d n c cc cng trnh i vo hot ng (Siu th BigC Thng Long v mt s chung c cao tng i vo hot ng) nn qu trnh thi cng xy dng trung tm s c nhng tc ng nht nh n cc cng trnh ny. Bn cnh cc cng trnh gn d n l cc cng trnh v nh dn sinh sng dc theo tuyn ng Phm Hng v Trn Duy Hng, l tuyn ng chuyn ch vt liu xy dng chnh trong giai on xy dng, s chu nhng nh hng nht nh t cc hot ng ca phng tin chuyn ch. Tuy nhin nhng tc ng ny l khng ln v khi trung tm thng mi i vo hot ng chnh thc cc tc ng ny s c gim thiu do s lng phng tin giao thng ti d n khng nhiu v vi khng gian tng i rng nn kh nng pht tn cht nhim vo mi trng tng i d dng do tc ng ny s l khng ng k. 3.1.4 D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng 3.1.4. Kh nng gy chy n v an ton lao ng trong giai on xy dng c bn Tai nn lao ng Cng tc an ton lao ng l vn c bit quan tm t nh thu u t cho n ngi lao ng trc tip thi cng trn cng trng. - nhim mi trng c kh nng lm nh hng xu n sc khe ca ngi lao ng trn cng trng. Mt vi nhim ty thuc vo thi gian v mc tc dng c kh nng lm nh hng nng n ngi lao ng, gy chong vng, mt mi thm ch ngt xu v cn c cp cu kp thi (thng xy ra i vi cc cng nhn n hoc ngi c sc khe yu). - Cng trng thi cng s c nhiu phng tin vn chuyn ra vo c th dn n cc tai nn do chnh cc phng tin ny gy ra. - Cc tai nn lao ng t cc cng tc tip cn vi in nh thi cng h thng cp in, va chm vo cc ng dy in dn ngang ng, bo, gi gy t dy in. - Cc tai nn lao ng c th xy ra t qu trnh xy dng tng hm do st l t, kh c t qu trnh o t tng su. Kh nng chy n
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Qu trnh thi cng xy dng mt cng trnh ln s ny sinh nhiu nguyn nhn c th gy ra kh nng chy, n: - Qu trnh thi cng dn dp mt bng, nu cc cng nhn lm vic bt cn (ht thuc, t la..) th kh nng gy chy cng c th xy ra. - S c gy chy n khc na c th pht sinh l t cc s c v in. S c st l t, st ln cng trnh Trong giai on xy dng d n c bit l i vi vic xy dng tng hm s c kh nng xy ra st l t do vic khoan o tng hm nu cng trnh khng c gia c trc khi tin hnh xy dng hoc qu trnh gia c vch khng m bo cht lng. S c xy ra s nh hng n cc cng trnh ln cn v c th gy nt gy tng cc hng mc khc cng nh chnh d n. Trong qu trnh thi cng nu khng tin hnh kho st k a cht ti khu vc d n cng nh nng lc nh thu thi cng km th kh nng xy ra st ln, bin dng cng trnh ln cn v d n l hon ton c th. Khi xy ra s c c th nh hng n tnh mng cng nhn xy dng v nh hng n cht lng cng trnh cng nh lm gim hiu qu kinh t t hot ng u t xy dng. (2) Cc s c ri ro trong giai on d n i vo hot ng S c chy n Kh nng gy chy n ca trung tm c th c chia thnh nhng nhm chnh: Do nhng vt liu rn d chy b bt la; Vn chuyn cc cht d chy qua nhng ni c ngun pht sinh nhit hay qua gn nhng tia la; Tn tr cc loi rc ri, bao b giy, nilon trong cc lp bc hay khu vc c la hay nhit cao; Bt cn trong vic thc hin cc bin php an ton PCCC (Lu tr nhin liu, gas khng ng quy nh); S c v cc thit b in: dy trn, dy in ng c pht sinh nhit dn n chy, hoc khi chp mch khi ma dng to; S c st nh c th dn n chy n v.v Gy ch tc giao thng do tp trung lng ngi ln. S c chy n s gy thit hi to ln v kinh t v lm nhim c 3 h sinh thi t, nc, khng kh mt cch nghim trng. Hn na n cn nh hng n hot ng ca nh my, e da n tnh mng con ngi v ti sn. Do vy
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chng ti s ch n cc cng tc phng chy cha chy m bo an ton trong hot ng ca trung tm v hn ch nhng mt mt, tn tht c th xy ra, phi c cc bin php nghim ngt v phng chng chy, nn trang b y cc thit b phng chy cha chy theo quy nh ca c quan PCCC. S c i vi h thng x l nc thi Trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l nc thi ca trung tm c kh nng xy ra s c do h hng cc thit b nh bm nh lng nc thi, my thi kh, b nght ng ng, vn hnh khng ng qui nh. Nu s c xy ra th hiu qu x l nc thi ca h thng s khng t yu cu, gy nhim mi trng. C th nc thi x l khng t tiu chun QCVN 14:2008 (ct B vi K=1,0) vi tng ti lng cc cht nhim trong 120 m3 nc thi mi ngy a vo mi trng. Trng hp khi h thng x l nc thi c s c th nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot cao hn so vi QCVN 14:2008 (ct B vi K=1): nng BOD5 s gp 2-8 ln so vi tiu chun, nng cht rn l lng gp 2-3 ln, du m gp 2 - 7 ln so vi tiu chun, Tng Coliform gp t 200 ln. 3.2 NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI Bo co TM cho D n u t xy dng Khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi do Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property lm ch u t tin hnh lp bo co nh gi c y v c tin cy cn thit v cc tc ng ca d n v xut c cc gii php kh thi hn ch cc tc ng c hi. Mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng c a ra trong bng 3.11: Bng 3.11 Mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng
STT 01 Phng php TM Phng php nh gi nhanh theo h s nhim do t chc Y T Th Gii thit lp Phng php nghin cu, phn tch mi trng Phng php thng k Phng php so snh tiu chun, qui chun k thut Mc tin cy Trung bnh Nguyn nhn Da vo h s nhim do T cha Y t Th gii thit lp nn cha tht s ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam. Thit b ly mu, phn tch mi, hin i. Da vo cc s liu thng k ca Phng Trung Ha. Kt qu phn tch c tin cy cao.
02 03 04
Cao Cao Cao
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Cc phng php s dng trong nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n ny (bng 3.12) l h thng phng php c p dng trong vic nh gi tc ng mi trng do cc d n pht trin kinh t - x hi trn th gii v Vit Nam do WHO v mt s t chc khc xut. Cc phng php nh gi nhanh, phn tch hin trng c p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM cho nhiu d n ti Vit Nam nh d n Nh my Nhit in Thng Long, Nh my Xi mng Thng Long, Nh my x l v ti ch cht thi Ph H, Khu th L Trng Tn, Khu th Ph M Hng nn tin cy v tnh hiu qu ca phng php c khng nh. Mt s phng php nh thng k, so snh rt c hiu qu trong khi lp bo co chnh. V n cho php cc chuyn gia c th tng hp c cc ti liu, s liu thu thp c t qu trnh nghin cu trc, c th so snh vi cc tiu chun hin hnh nh gi hin trng khu vc d n cng nh d bo mc tc ng, mc nh hng ca nhng tc ng do d n gy ra i vi cc i tng chu tc ng. Mt d vy i vi vic d bo ti lng nhim pht sinh t vic vn dng phng php nh gi nhanh theo WHO c tin cy khng cao do s liu c xy dng trn hin trng nn khng tng thch vi mi trng ti Vit Nam, bn cnh l s sai khc v cng ngh s dng. Ngoi ra qu trnh d bo ti lng nhim pht sinh cn b nh hng t nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau nh s liu u vo, trnh chuyn mn ca i ng nh gi.
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CHNG 4: CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG Nhng tc ng ca d n n mi trng ty thuc vo thi gian cng nh mc m s to nn nhng hu qu khc nhau. bo v mi trng trong sut giai on bt u tin hnh thi cng xy dng cho n khi d n i vo hot ng th vic xy dng v thc hin y cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng l rt cn thit. Sau y l cc bin php gim thiu c xut: 4.1 I VI CC TC NG XU 4.1.1 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on thi cng xy dng 4.1.1.1 Khng ch khi bi trong qu trnh thi cng Lp k hoch thi cng v b tr nhn lc hp l, tun t, trnh chng cho gia cc cng on thi cng: pht quang mt bng, san i.. p dng cc bin php thi cng tin tin, c gii ha cc thao tc v qu trnh thi cng mc ti a. Khu vc cng trng, khu cha vt liu xy dng c che chn bng tng tm (bng g vn hoc tn) nhm hn ch s pht tn bi t ct, , xi mng.. hn ch bi ti khu vc cng trng xy dng, Ch u t s c k hoch thi cng v cung cp vt t thch hp. Hn ch vic tp kt vt t vo cng mt thi im. Che chn khu vc thi cng c lp vi xung quanh bng tng Panel cao ti thiu 3m nhm hn ch n v bi khi thi cng xy dng. Khi d n c xy dng ln cao trn 5m s tin hnh dng li nhm ngn chn vt liu xy dng ri rt gy nh hng n cng ng dn c xung quanh d n. Khu vc d n hin l mt khu t trng nn khi thi cng xy dng, vic vn chuyn vt liu xy dng i li nhiu ln s lm gia tng lng khi bi nh hng xu n mi trng khng kh ti khu vc. Do , trong nhng ngy nng, hn ch mc nhim khi bi ti cng trng, cc sn bi tp kt vt liu xy dng, cc con ng t s c phun nc thng xuyn nhm hn ch bi, t ct theo gi pht tn vo khng kh. ng thi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng s thng xuyn qut dn, ra ng xung quanh d n trong phm vi 500m.
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Khi chuyn ch vt liu xy dng, cc xe vn ti s c ph kn bng vi bt, trnh tnh trng ri vi vt liu trn ng vn chuyn. Khi bc d nguyn vt liu, cng nhn bc d s c trang b bo h lao ng y . Vic vn chuyn x bn t cao xung phi chuyn dn bng cc hp ghen v thng cha. Thng cha phi c np y bng vi nylon hoc bng vi bt trnh bi bc ln cao khi xung hoc do gi cun ln cao. X bn phi c vn chuyn i ngay trong ngy, trnh n tc v tn ng trn cng trng lm ri vi vo cc cng rnh gy tc nghn dng chy. Khng tp kt vt t v lu thng ra vo cng trng trong cc gi cao im nhm hn ch n, bi v hin tng kt xe trn ng. Thng xuyn qut dn, ti ra mt ng Phm Hng v ng ang xy dng trong phm vi 100m tnh t ranh gii t thi cng d n. Dng li kch thc nh hoc bt che chn cng trnh trong giai on x l b mt, phun nc ln cc v tr x l xong nhm hn ch bi xi mng, bi pht tn vo nh dn xung quanh. Trang b khu trang cho cng nhn thi cng. Che chn vt liu thi cng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, cng nh nhng khu vc pht sinh bi v ti nc hn ch kh nng khuch tn bi vo mi trng xung quanh. Qu trnh thi cng s c gim st nh k nhm bo m cht lng mi trng khng kh trong giai on ny vn t tiu chun cho php theo Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT. 4.1.1.2 Khc phc ting n, rung trong qu trnh thi cng Cc tc ng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng d n s gy nh hng t nhiu n mi trng xung quanh. Do , trong qu trnh xy dng nht nh s gy ra ting n, rung cho khu vc xung quanh mc d tc ng ny ch pht sinh trong thi gian ngn. Tuy nhin, hn ch n mc thp nht nh hng ca ting n, rung ca cng trng, d n s c k hoch thi cng hp l, cc thit b thi cng gy ting n ln nh my khoan, o, s khng hot ng trong khong thi gian t 18 gi n 6 gi. Tc ng do rung c gim thiu mc ti a bng cch p dng phng php thi cng cc khoan nhi, y l phng php thi cng tin tin, gim thiu c tc ng rung ng thi vn m bo c cht lng cng trnh.
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Do , vic kho st a cht k lng v thc hin ng yu cu khoan cc nhi l yu cu cn thit nhm hn ch c cc mi khoan khng t yu cu t hn ch c ting n pht sinh. Trong qu trnh thi cng s m bo ting n v rung khng vt tiu chun cho php theo tiu chun m hc Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c - Mc n ti a cho php TCVN 59491998, tiu chun rung v chn ng Rung do sn xut cng nghip v xy dng Mc rung ti a cho php i vi mi trng khu cng cng v khu dn c TCVN 6962:2001. 4.1.1.3 Khng ch nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng i vi nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng s c gim thiu bng cch s dng nh v sinh lu ng trong qu trnh xy dng. Vic s dng nh v sinh lu ng s mang li nhiu thun li v m bo c iu kin mi trng ti khu vc d n. ra xe trc khi ri cng trnh ch u t tin hnh xy dng cu ra xe. Nc thi t qu trnh ra xe s c thu gom v sau s c dn qua b lng trc khi dn vo cng thot khu vc, kch thc ca b lng l Cao x Di x Rng = 0,5m x 1,5m x 0,5m. Do lng nc ra xe khng pht sinh thng xuyn nn s c dn vo b v s x ra sau 1 gi khi b y. i vi nc thi thi cng t qu trnh khoan s c dn qua b lng nhm lng cn trc khi thi vo mi trng, i vi dung dch beltonite s c thu gom v ti s dng li nhm phc v cho cng tc thi cng tip theo. i vi nc thi c cha du m t cc my mc thit b s c thu gom li vo cc phuy sau thu Cng ty mi trng th H Ni a i x l. i vi nc ma chy trn, trc khi tin hnh xy dng ch thu xy dng s tin hnh to rnh thot nc tm thi nhm trnh tnh trng ngp ng trong v xung quanh khu vc trong giai on thi cng. Bn t lng cn trong cc h ga c nh k no vt. Nc ma pht sinh s c dn vo h thng thot nc ca thnh ph. 4.1.1.4 Khng ch cht thi rn trong qu trnh thi cng i vi cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn trn cng trng vi tng khi lng pht sinh c tnh l 75kg/ngy s c thu gom vo thng cha c th tch 240lit, sau s thu i v sinh thuc Cng ty mi trng th H Ni a i x l.
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Cc loi cht thi trong qu trnh xy dng ch yu bao gm t, ct, , coffa, st thp s c tp trung ti bi cha quy nh. i vi cc loi cht thi c th ti s dng nh coffa, st thp s c phn loi ti s dng. Trong trng hp lng cht thi rn thi cng qu nhiu nh gch v, vn xi mng s c ch thu thi cng xy dng chu trch nhim hp ng chuyn ch n bi chn lp ca thnh ph. i vi lng t o t qu trnh thi cng xy dng tng hm, vi khi lng tng i ln, mt phn s c vn chuyn n ni cn san lp trong cng trng, cn lng tha s c nh thu k hp ng vi n v c chc nng a i ni quy nh. Vic vn chuyn t o s thc hin y cc cng tc nh vic vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng l c bt che ph kn nhm bo m trong qu trnh vn chuyn t khng ri vi trn cc tuyn ng v trnh s pht tn bi vo mi trng khng kh. 4.1.1.5 Bin php k thut an ton lao ng & v sinh mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng c bn Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng c bn cng nh lp t thit b, vn hnh kim tra v chy th s tuyt i chp hnh cc quy nh v an ton lao ng, c th l: - Lp ban an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng ti cng trng. - Quy nh cc ni quy lm vic ti cng trng, bao gm ni quy ra, vo lm vic ti cng trng; ni quy v trang phc bo h lao ng; ni quy s dng thit b nng cu; ni quy v an ton in; ni quy an ton giao thng; ni quy an ton cht n. - T chc tuyn truyn, ph bin cc ni quy cho cng nhn bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau nh in ni quy vo bng treo ti cng trng; t chc hc ni quy; t chc tuyn truyn bng loa phng thanh; thanh tra v nhc nh ti hin trng. - Thng xuyn qut dn v sinh ng giao thng trong phm vi 100m tnh t ranh gii t thi cng d n - T chc theo di tai nn lao ng, xc nh kp thi nguyn nhn tai nn v p dng cc bin php khc phc kp thi nhm trnh trng hp lp li cc tai nn tng t. - Lp t cc bin cm ngi qua li khu lm vic ca thit b nng cu;
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Lp h thng bin bo cm la ti cc khu vc d gy ra chy n (kho xng du, kho ha cht, kho vt t d chy n, trm bin p..) - Trang b cc phng tin cha chy ti kho (bnh bt, bnh CO2, ct...) - Cc loi my mc, thit b phi c h s km theo v phi c kim nh bi cc c quan o lng cht lng. - Thit lp cc h thng bo chy, n hiu v thng tin tt. Thng xuyn kim tra s r r, cc ng ng k thut phi sn mu ng quy nh (ng ng nhin liu, hi nc, kh). Cng nhn trc tip thi cng xy dng hoc cn b vn hnh c hun luyn v thc hnh thao tc ng cch khi c s c v lun lun c mt ti v tr ca mnh, thao tc v vn hnh ng k thut, tin hnh sa cha nh k. Trong nhng trng hp c s c, cng nhn c hng dn v thc tp x l theo quy tc an ton. - Khi thi cng xy lp dng dn gio, thit b trn cao bt buc s c trang b dy eo mc kha an ton. - Lp trm y t ti cng trng kp thi s cu cc ca tai nn nghim trng trc khi chuyn ln tuyn trn. 4.1.1.6 Bin php chng st ln v nt gy cc cng trnh ln cn hn ch tc ng xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng ng cc s gy nh hng n cc cng trnh xung quanh d n, ch d n s tin hnh phng php mng cc khoan nhi btng ct thp. Phng php ny s khc phc c mt s tc ng nh ting n, bi, st l t. Phng php mng cc khoan nhi btng ct thp c thc hin nh sau: l cc c to ra bng cc my khoan v mi khoan, khi khoan n su t yu cu th dng my vt t, lm sch l khoan trc khi t lng thp v btng xung. Trn y l bin php gim thiu tc ng gy nt gy tng cc cng trnh ln cn, tuy nhin kh nng xy ra s c l hon ton c th xy ra do nhm bo m quyn li cho ngi dn khu vc xung quanh th cng vic u tin l ch u t s kt hp cng vi n v thi cng tin hnh kho st hin trng ca cc cng trnh xung quanh khu vc d n trc khi tin hnh thi cng v ghi nhn nhm xc nh s thay i ca cng trnh do tc ng t hot ng thi cng. Sau cn c trn nhng thay i ca cng trnh m ch d n s tin hnh bi thng thch hp.
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Ring i vi vic thi cng tng hm s c thc hin theo phng php top-down, trc khi tin hnh o chng ti s ng c larsen nhm ngn chn nguy c st l. Trc khi tin hnh thi cng tng hm chng ti s tin hnh thm d xc nh hin trng cc cng trnh ngm hin c, yu cu nh thu trnh bin php chi tit thi cng tng hm; bin php bo m an ton cho cng trnh, cng trnh ln cn v cho ngi v cng ng. Ch d n s yu cu nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh phi lp h thng quan trc bin dng cng trnh v cc cng trnh ln cn. Khi c du hiu bt thng, nh thu thi cng s c ngh tm dng thi cng tm bin php x l. Trong giai on thi cng xy dng tng hm, s c k hoch khc phc cc s c c th xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng nh gp tng t yu, tng cha nc, kh c, chy n, st l, tri t, bc t, nhm m bo an ton cho ngi v cc cng trnh ln cn. 4.1.1.7 Bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng kinh t, x hi v vn ha Cng trnh tp trung mt lc lng lao ng ln trong mt thi gian nht nh l iu kin d ny sinh mu thun gia cng nhn v ngi dn a phng. S xo trn x hi, ko theo mt s hin tng tiu cc c th dn n cc t nn x hi (c bc, ru ch, ma ty, mi dm...). Chnh v vy, ch d n phi hp vi n v thi cng c cc bin php phng chng, ngn nga v qun l kp thi nh: o Trang b cc phng tin thng tin gii tr; o Tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, kim tra, gim st khu vc ln tri v khu vc xung quanh; Kt hp vi chnh quyn a phng trong vic qun l cng nhn lao ng. i vi nhng nh hng n an ton giao thng trong khu vc s c gim thiu bng cch lp k hoch thi cng v vn chuyn nguyn vt liu hp l mt khc s tin hnh cm bin bo xe ra vo trc khi bt u i vo thi cng d n. 4.1.2 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on d n i vo hot ng 4.1.2.1 Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh Nh trnh by c th chng 3 mc 3.3.2.1 th ngun pht sinh kh thi bao gm:
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- T my pht in d phng. - T cc phng tin giao thng vn ti. - T h thng thu gom nc thi sinh hot, khu vc tp trung rc - T khu vc nh hng, khu vc m thc. Sau y l cc bin php khng ch nhim khng kh t cc ngun thi trn A. T hot ng ca my pht in d phng Nh trnh by trn, my pht in c vn hnh trong trng hp mt in mng li do ngun nhim pht sinh t my pht in mang tnh cht gin on, mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh khng cao v nng kh thi pht sinh t my pht in cng khng vt Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nng cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT). Bin php nhm gim thiu n mc thp nht nhng tc ng t hot ng ca my pht in d phng l tin hnh xy dng phng t my pht in ring bit m bo s thng gi cng nh cch m. Vi nng cht nhim c tnh ton Chng 3, mc 3.2.1.1 th nng cht nhim pht sinh t quy chun cho php QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT. B.T cc phng tin giao thng vn ti i vi bi v kh thi pht sinh trong qu trnh giao thng ca ta nh s c gim thiu bng cc bin php sau y: - Ph kn cc bi trng bng c v cy xanh bao bc xung quanh khu vc d n. Bn cnh Ch d n cn b tr xy dng khu vc vn cy xanh nhm to cnh quan v tn dng c cc hiu qu do thm cy xanh mang li. Tn cy xanh dy c th hp th bc x mt tri, iu ho cc yu t vi kh hu, chng n, hp th khi bi v nhng hn hp kh nh SO 2, CO2, hp cht cha nit, photpho, cc yu t vi lng c hi khc nh Pb, Cu, Fe - Bi do cc phng tin vn chuyn trong khun vin d n nh cc phng tin vn chuyn th s nh xe gn my, xe t s c khc phc bng cch ti ng ni b trong nhng ngy nng v gi nhiu nhm gim lng bi pht sinh, khng gy nhim mi trng xung quanh. - Khi cc xe lu thng trong khun vin khu vc cn gim tc .
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- i vi cc phng tin bc d v cc xe vn chuyn thuc ti sn ca trung tm s tin hnh bo dng nh k, vn hnh ng trng ti gim thiu cc kh c hi ca cc phng tin ny. C. T h thng x l nc thi v t trm tp kt cht thi rn Ti khu vc tp trung cht thi rn trc khi c thu gom bi n v k hp ng, trong iu kin nhit v m thch hp, hot ng bin i ca cc vi sinh vt s pht sinh mi v to thnh cc cht kh gy nhim khng kh. Tuy nhin, rc thi pht sinh c thu gom mi ngy, ng thi, khng tp trung thi gian di. Hot ng thu gom rc ch nh hng cc b trong thi gian ngn. Bn cnh , khu vc xe chuyn dng hot ng thu rc c b tr trong khu vc k thut, cui hng gi i vi ta nh nhm trnh gy mi hi nh hng n mi trng khng kh trong v xung quanh d n. ng thi d n cng s b tr dy cy xanh cch ly va c tc dng to m quan, va c tc dng hn ch pht tn mi ra khu vc xung quanh. Mi ca h thng x l nc thi ch yu pht sinh t b iu ha v h thng dn. Bin php khc phc ngun nhim ny ch yu nh sau: - H thu c xy ngm so vi mt bng tng th v b tr np y. - V sinh song chn rc sau mi ngy hot ng. - Chu k ly bn c t chc thng xuyn. Do c th ca d n nn h thng x l s c t ti tng ngm. Vic xy dng trm ngm s gim thiu c rt ln tc ng t mi t h thng x l tp trung. D. T khu vc nh hng v khu m thc Nh trnh by trn, tc ng n mi trng khng kh t khu vc nh bp ca nh hng v khu vc m thc ch yu l mi thc n trong qu trnh nu nng. Mi ny s c hn ch bng cch lp t cc h thng thu mi t cc bp nu n trc tip sau dn vo ng khi v thi ra ngoi cao thch hp nn s m bo khng gy nh hng n khu vc xung quanh v ngay c ti khu vc bp nu. Trn y l cc gii php c ra nhm gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh. Ch u t bo m vic thc hin hiu qu cc bin php khng ch nhim khng kh bng cch thng xuyn tin hnh kim tra, thc hin bo co gim st mi trng nh k v trnh np cho c quan chc nng.
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4.1.2.2 Gim thiu nhim mi trng nc Phng n thot nc: D n s u t xy dng h thng thu gom v thot nc ma ring bit vi h thng thu gom nc thi. Nc thi sinh hot s c x l ti h thng x l nc thi trp trung m bo t tiu chun QCVN 14:2008 ct B (K=1) trc khi thi vo h thng thot nc ca thnh ph Nc ma c thu gom v dn ra cng thot nc ma ca thnh ph nm trn ng Phm Hng v pha ng Bc ca d n. S tm tt h thngsinh gom, x l nc ma v nc thi ca d n thu Nc thi c trnh by trong s nh sau: hot
12m3m3/ngyaf 1207120m3/ng y. Trm x l nc thi tp trung Nc ma
Tp trung
Cng thot nc thi chung ca khu vc
Cng thot nc ma chung ca khu vc
Hnh 4.1.S tm tt thot nc tng th Nc thi sinh hot Nc thi sinh hot 120m3/ngy pht sinh t trung tm mua sm, nh hng, khu vc m thc, vn phng, khch sn, khu gii tr c cha cc cht cn b, cc cht hu c (BOD/COD), cht rn l lng (SS), cht dinh dng (N,P) v vi sinh. Nc thi sinh hot t nh v sinh s c x l bng b t hoi trc khi u ni vo h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca trung tm.
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Hnh 4.2 Mt bng b t hoi B t hoi l cng trnh ng thi lm hai chc nng: lng v phn hu cn lng. Cn lng gi trong b t 3-6 thng, di nh hng ca cc vi sinh vt k kh, cc cht hu c b phn hu, mt phn to thnh cc cht ha tan. Nc thi lng trong b vi thi gian di bo m hiu sut lng cao. B t hoi l mt b trn mt c hnh ch nht, vi thi gian lu nc 3-6 ngy, 90% - 92% cc cht l lng lng xung y b, qua mt thi gian cn s phn hy k kh trong ngn lng, sau nc thi qua ngn lc v thot ra ngoi qua ng dn. Trong ngn lc c cha vt liu lc l 4x6 pha di, pha trn l 1x2. Trong mi b u c l thng hi gii phng lng kh sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men k kh v tc dng th hai ca ng ny l dng thng cc ng u vo v ng u ra khi b ngt. Cu to b t hoi c trnh by nh trong hnh trn. Tnh ton b t hoi gm : xc nh th tch phn lng nc v phn cha bn. - Th tch phn nc : Wn = K x Q = 1,2 x 120 = 144 m3 K: h s lu lng, K = 1,1 1,3 Q: lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy m 120 m3 - Th tch phn bn: Wb = a x N x t x ( 100 P1) x 0,7 x 1,2 : [1000 ( 100 P2 )]= 399,37m3 Trong : a : Tiu chun cn lng cho mt ngi, a = 0,4 0,5lt/ngy.m
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N : c tnh tng s ngi hot ng ti d n 2.640 ngi (tnh khong 80% tng s ngi c tnh n trung tm). t : Thi gian tch ly cn trong b t hoi, t = 180 360 ngy 0,7 : H s tnh n 30% cn phn hy 1,2 : H s tnh n 20% cn c gi trong b t hoi b nhim vi khun cho cn ti. P1: m ca cn ti, P1 = 95% P2: m trung bnh ca cn trong b t hoi, P2 = 90% Tng th tch b t hoi : W = Wn + Wb = 479,37 m3 Sau khi qua b t hoi nng cc cht hu c cn li trong nc thi khong 30 - 40% ring cc cht l lng hu nh c gi li hon ton. Nc thi t khu vc nh hng, khu m thc sau khi qua b tch du s c kt hp vi lng nc thi v sinh tp trung vo h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca ta nh, sau y l s quy trnh cng ngh ca h thng:
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Hnh 4.3. S quy trnh cng ngh h thng x l nc thi tp trung

Nc thi t bp (nh hng, khu m thc)
B tch du
Nc thi v sinh
B t hoi Song chn rc
B iu ha
B hiu kh
B lng
Ha cht kh trng
Bn tun hon
B kh trng
H thng thot nc chung ca thnh ph
Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh B tch du
Hnh 4.4 Mt ct b tch du
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y l cng trnh thit k nhm loi b thnh phn du, m t qu trnh sinh hot ca trung tm c bit l t khu vc nh hng v khu m thc. Nc thi sau khi qua b c th loi b t 50 70% nng du m c trong nc thi. B iu ha B iu ha l ni tp trung cc ngun nc thi thnh mt ngun duy nht. Mc ch: Do tnh cht cng nh nhu cu thi nc cc khu vc l khng n nh, thay i theo tng gi sinh hot. V vy cn thit xy dng b iu ha. B iu ha c nhim v iu ha nc thi v lu lng v nng lm gim kch thc v to ch lm vic n nh lin tc cho cc cng trnh pha sau, trnh hin tng h thng x l b qu ti. Nc thi b iu ha c bm ln b sinh hc hiu kh. B hiu kh y l cng trnh thit k cho x l nc thi bc hai. N cng c kh nng x l c c nit v phospho. y l b lc hiu kh c dng chy cng chiu vi kh l t di ln. Cc vi sinh vt hin din trong nc thi tn ti dng l lng do tc ng ca bt kh v dng dnh bm. Trong qu trnh sinh trng cc vi sinh vt ny s s dng cc cht hu c trong nc thi v chuyn ha thnh sinh khi. Qu trnh ny din ra nhanh nht giai on u v gim dn v pha cui b. Vi sinh hiu kh pht trin sinh khi trn gi th vi sinh c b mt ring ln (nh O2 sc vo) s tiu th cc cht hu c sinh khi lm gim ti lng nhim trong nc thi xung mc thp nht. Sau khi qua thit b ny COD, BOD gim 70-80%. Sau , nc thi tip tc chy qua b kh trng. B lng Nc t b sinh hc mang theo bn hot tnh chy vo ng trung tm ca b lng ng, nc thi c phn phi u trn ton din tch mt ct ngang trong ton b lng. Nguyn tc lng theo chiu thng ng vi thi gian lu khong 2-3 gi. B lng c thit k sao cho nc chy trong b c vn chm nht (trong trng thi tnh), khi cc bng cn hnh thnh c t trng ln thng c vn tc ca dng nc thi i qua s lng xung y b lng. Nc thi ra khi b lng c nng COD gim 70-75% Phn nc trong trn mt t b lng tp trung vo mng thu sau chy t nhin qua b kh trng, ng thi ho cht kh trng c bm nh lng bm vo.
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B kh trng y l cng on sau cng ca h thng x l. Ti y, nc thi c kh trng trit bng NaOCl trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. Chlorine l cht oxy ha mnh s oxi ha mng t bo vi sinh vt gy bnh v git cht chng. Thi gian tip xc loi b vi sinh khong 20 - 40 pht. iu kin lm vic ca h thng x l H thng c thit k hot ng t ng, c lp m bo x l nc thi vi cng sut ti a ln n 150 m3/ngy. H thng c kh nng vt ti vi h s an ton k = 1,1 1,3; cht lng nc sau x l n nh, t QCVN 14:2008 (ct B, K=1). u im: o H s vt ti cao; o Nc thi sau khi x l nng nhim gim t 80-90% o Cc bm v thit b khng hng hc do nhit ; o Vn u t khng qu ln; o Chi ph vn hnh thp, do s dng ha cht theo nh mc;
o
Cht lng nc sau x l m bo t QCVN 14:2008 (ct B, K=1).
o Thi gian lm vic lin tc; o Vn hnh d dng; o H thng hot ng t ng; TNH TON CC CNG TRNH N V 1. B tch du V = 5,7 m3 o S lng : 1 b; o Kch thc
2.
: L x W x H = 2,5 m x 1,5 m x 1,5 m;
B iu ha V = 108 m3 o S lng : 1 b;
o
Kch thc
3.
: L x W x H = 6,0m x 6,0 m x 3,0 m;
B hiu kh V = 90 m3 o S lng : 1 b;
o
Kch thc
4.
: L x W x H = 6,0m x 5,0m x 3,0 m;
B lng V = 25,7 m3 o S lng : 1 b; o Kch thc : D x H = 2,5 m x 3,0 m;

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B kh trng V = 49m3 o S lng : 1 b;

5.
o Kch thc
6.
: L x W x H = 3,5 m x 0,7 m x 2,0 m;
B cha bn V = 21 m3 o S lng : 1 b; o Kch thc : L x W x H = 4,0 m x 1,5 m x 3,5 m; Nc thi sau x l s t QCVN 14: 2008, ct B (K=1), sau c thot vo h thng thot nc thi ca thnh ph. Trong giai on u ch u t s u t xy dng trm x l tp trung c tnh cho d n khi m rng nn cng sut thit k ca trm l 100m3/ngy (S thot nc thi v nc ma c nh km ti phn ph lc 2). Nc ma: gim thiu nhim do nc ma chy trn gy ra, d n s thc hin cc bin php sau: - Khu vc sn bi thng xuyn c lm v sinh sch s, khng vng vi rc thi trong qu trnh sinh hot ca khch trong khu vc. - H thng thot nc ma c thit k tch ring mt cch hp l v hn ch nc ma chy trn qua khu vc cha rc tm thi. Khu vc sn bi, khu hnh lang c trng nha, to dc cn thit nc ma thot nhanh. Dc theo cng thot, ti im x cui cng t song chn rc tch rc c kch thc ln trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn. - Nc ma khng chy qua khu vc tp trung rc thi sau khi x l c hc c quy c l sch c th x thng ra ngun tip nhn. - H thng thot nc ma cng nh cc loi nc sinh hot khc c h thng chn rc ng yu cu k thut. Kch thc khe chn <25mm. Din tch song chn tnh ton lu lng nc qua song chn <1m/giy. Nc ma pht sinh t khu vc d n s c thot vo ng ng thu gom nc ma tp trung sau dn vo h thng thot nc ma ca thnh ph sn c dc theo ng Phm Hng v pha ng Bc ca d n. 4.1.2.3 Gim thiu tc ng do cht thi rn A. Cht thi rn sinh hot
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Qun l cht thi rn theo ng qui nh v qun l cht thi rn thng thng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 11/2010/Q-UBND ca UBND Thnh ph H Ni. thc hin tt vic qun l cht thi rn th vic lm cn thit u tin l phi phn loi cc ngun cht thi ngay ti ngun. i vi mt s nc pht trin th phn loi rc trc khi b vo thng rc l mt cng vic quen thuc i vi ngi dn, nhng ti nc ta thi quen ny vn cha hnh thnh. Do vy, trc khi p dng bin php ny cn thc hin cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc v nhng li ch ca cng vic ny n mi ngi dn. Theo iu 50 ca Lut bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11, ton b cht thi rn pht sinh trong khu dn c phi tin hnh phn loi ti ngun trong khu tn tr trc khi c thu gom, vn chuyn v x l theo qui nh. V vy, d n s thc hin chng trnh phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun. Phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun c thc hin ti ngun pht sinh (khu m thc, khu vui chi gii tr, nh hng, rp chiu phim) nhm tch cht thi rn thnh cc loi ring bit. Ty theo mc ch, phng php x l m c th tch thnh bao nhiu loi (rc c kh nng ti sinh, ti ch v khng c kh nng ti sinh ti ch hoc rc hu c v v c) to iu kin nng cao hiu qu cho cc qu trnh x l tip theo. Nhng do y l giai on khi u nn c th tin hnh phn loi rc theo hai loi chnh sau: - Rc hu c rc d phn hy (ch yu l rc thc phm); - Rc cn li bao gm cc rc v c v cc rc kh phn hy. Tng lng cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh t trung tm c tnh khong 990kg/ngy. Ton b lng cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh ny sau khi phn loi s c thu gom v t ti tng hm. trnh tnh trng cht thi rn trn lan hay b phn hy bi cc thnh phn trong mi trng, ton b lng cht thi rn c thu gom 1ngy/ln. n v thu gom rc l Cng ty mi trng th H Ni. Dung tch v mu sc trang thit b - Dung tch + S dng loi thng cha c th tch 240lit - Mu sc + i vi rc hu c: thng mu xanh l cy + i vi rc v c: thng mu xm
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Trn mi thng u c logo v cc hnh nh minh ha loi cht thi s c b vo thng. Chn loi thng c th tch 240L, dung tch s dng l 90%, s lng thng c tnh cn s dng cho ton b ta nh l khong 20 thng. Thng rc s c t ti cc v tr thch hp ti khu vc nh hng, khu m thc, hnh lang ca khch sn, khu mua sm, khu gii tr nhm to iu kin thun tin trong vic thu gom. Ti cc tng cao ca cng trnh vn c cc khu tp kt rc ring v hng ngy s c cng nhn thu gom v dng thang chuyn dng chuyn xung mt t. B. Cht thi rn nguy hi Cc cht thi nguy hi c xc nh theo danh mc cht thi nguy hi ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi. Tun th cc yu cu v thu gom, lu gi, vn chuyn v x l cht thi nguy hi theo ng qui nh ti Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi. Cht thi rn nguy hi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca trung tm nh bng n, cc thng sn, bnh acquy lng cht thi ny khng nhiu tuy nhin hot ng d n cn c cc bin php qun l v thu gom cht ch khng gy nh hng xu n cht lng mi trng. Tng lng cht thi nguy hi pht sinh mi thng ti d n khong 100 kg/thng. Cht thi rn nguy hi s c i v sinh thu gom vn chuyn xung nh tp kt di tng hm vi tn sut thu gom 2 thng/1 ln. Lng cht thi ny s c hp ng thu gom vi n v c chc nng thu gom v a i x l. 4.1.2.4 Khng ch nhim nhit H thng cy xanh c trng trong khun vin d n l cch khng ch nhim nhit hiu qu, to cm gic d chu cng nh to cnh quan cho khu vc d n. i vi khu vc nh bp ca nh hng, khu m thc s s dng qut ht nhm hn ch tc ng t nhit n nhn vin lm vic.
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Ring i vi tc ng nhit t hot ng ca my pht in d phng s c gim thiu bng cch xy dng phng t thit b ring bit, cch ly vi khu vc mua sm. Khng ch nhit pht ra t cc hot ng ca ta nh: D n s s dng iu ha tng hn ch sc nng trong ta nh v cc nng ca iu ha s c thit k t nhng v tr ph hp gim thiu ting n v hi nng nh hng n mi trng xung quanh. i vi cc tng hm, D n s b tr cc h thng thng gi v thot kh trnh hin tng nng, thiu kh gy mi v kh th khi cng nhn lm vic ti tng hm. 4.1.2.5 Khng ch nhim ting n rung hn ch ting n v chn ng, chng ti s p dng nhng bin php sau khng ch: - Trng cy xanh: xung quanh d n nhm gim bt n pht sinh t ta nh v to cnh quan. Din tch cy xanh d kin trng trong khun vin ca ta nh chim khong 20% tng din tch mt bng ca khu t. Chng loi v s lng cy xanh: Cy keo tai tng, cau vua, bch n cao sn, cy cau cao sn, hoa sa, lc vng, liu. Tng cng khong 25.000 cy cc loi. Thit k kin trc: Cy xanh c trng xung quanh ton khu, st vi h thng tng bao; hai bn ng i chnh; l t pha trong v ngoi cng chnh ra vo. - Cc bin php gim ting n v chn ng ngay ti ngun pht sinh Ngun pht sinh ting n ng k nht l my pht in d phng, tuy nhin do c im hot ng ca my l ch c vn hnh vo thi im mt in do nhng tc ng ny l khng thng xuyn. Tuy nhin gim thiu n mc thp nht nhng tc ng khi vn hnh s lp t phng t my pht in ring bit v c lp t thit b cch m nhm gim thiu ting n n khu vc trung tm ta nh. 4.1.2.6 Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng kinh t, vn ha, x hi Do hot ng ca d n tng i n gin nn nhng tc ng n mi trng kinh t, vn ha v x hi l khng ln. Tc ng ng k nht l s gia tng mt phng tin giao thng s c gim thiu bng cch quy hoch kt ni gia ng ni b v ng chnh ca khu vc hp l bo m khng gy n tc giao thng c bit l vo nhng gi cao im. Chng ti s lp i qun l nhm bo m hot ng ca d n khng gy nh hng n an ninh trt t ti khu vc.
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4.2 I VI CC S C MI TRNG
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4.2.1 Cc bin php phng chng chy n L mt cng trnh hin i v cao tng nn ch u t yu cu t vn C in phi thit k h thng PCCC hin i v kh nng t kim sot cc s c chy c th: + Cng trnh c lp t h thng bo chy t ng bo v Trung tm. Ti y c kt ni t ng n ng dy nng ca lc lng cnh st PCCC chuyn nghip (114) v ti Trung tm oc trc 24/24 kim tra v x l kp thi tng s c. + Khi c s c chy, trong tng phng h thng cha chy t ng (sprinkler) s t ng hot ng, nc s c phun ra hnh vi sen chm vi p lc ln dp tt m chy. Khi nc trong h thng cha chy phun ra l gim p lc nc c trong ng ng cp nc cha chy l cho h thng bm nc t ng vn hnh bm b nc cho h thng. + Ngoi ra, tng tng u c b tr cc hng nc cha chy cch tng vi cc hp vi phun sn sng hot ng. Cng vi cc phng tin cha chy cc nhn nh bnh bt, bnh bt v bnh kh CO2. + Cc h thng v phng tin cha chy ny thng xuyn c kim tra, bo tr trong sut qu trnh hot ng m bo h thng lun trong iu kin thng trc (Ready) Bn cnh vin trang b H thng Bo chy v cha chy t ng hin i th D n s thng xuyn tp hun v din tp cng tc PCCC cho cn b, nhn vin thng xuyn lm vic ti Ta nh v lc lng bo v. m bo nhng con ngi ny khi xy ra bt k mt s c chy no t nh n ln c th bnh tnh x l ti ch trc khi c s tr gip ca lc lng cha chy chuyn nghip. Sau khi xy dng xong cng trnh Ch u t phi mi C quan chc nng (Cc cnh st PCCC hoc Phng cnh st PCCC PC23 Cng an Thnh ph) kim tra, nghim thu h thng PCCC trc khi cp Giy chng nhn iu kin PCCC cho cng trnh i vo hot ng. 4.2.2 Bin php phng chng s c t h thng x l nc thi - Khng c bt k cc cng trnh xy dng trn ng ng dn nc; - S dng cc nguyn liu c bn cao v chng n mn; - m bo vn hnh h thng theo ng quy trnh c hng dn; - Vn hnh v bo tr cc my mc thit b trong h thng mt cch thng xuyn theo ng hng dn k thut ca nh cung cp;
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Lp h s nht k gim st k thut cc cng trnh n v theo di s n nh ca h thng, ng thi cng l to ra c s pht hin s c mt cch sm nht; - Ly mu v phn tch cht lng mu nc sau x l nhm nh gi hiu qu hot ng ca h thng x l; - Trong trng hp xy ra s c nh nght bm, v ng ng hoc nc thi x l khng t tiu chun s tin hnh ngng hot ng ca h thng v tin hnh kim tra Sa cha, trong thi gian ny nc s c dn vo b iu ha, sau khi h thng c sa cha hon tt nc thi s c bm tr li quy trnh x l; - Bo ngay cho nh cung cp, hoc c quan c chc nng v mi trng cc s c c bin php khc phc kp thi. 4.2.3. Bin php phng chng s c ngp ng Tnh trng ngp lt xy ra ch yu l do ma cc b gy ra, tuy nhin phng chng s c ngp lt h thng thot nc c thit k xung quanh khu vc cc ta nh, c cc h ga c b tr ph hp vi tng v tr dn nc v h thng thot nc ca thnh ph. S thot nc ma c m t trong ph lc 2 ca bo co.
-
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CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG 5.1 CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG Chng trnh qun l mi trng cho d n c thc hin giai on d n thi cng xy dng v khi i vo hot ng n nh, bao gm cc ni dung ch yu: - Kim sot v gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng. - Kim sot v gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng chnh thc. Bng 5.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng
TT I 1 2 Ni dung thc hin C quan thc hin C quan gim st S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Xy dng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Phng cnh st PCCC thuc Cng an TP S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Xy dng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng S Xy dng 83
II 1 2 3 4
Giai on xy dng Thc hin kim sot nc thi sinh hot Ch u t v nc thi thi cng (thu xy dng) Thc hin kim sot cht thi rn sinh Ch u t hot, cht thi rn thi cng v cht thi (thu xy dng) nguy hi Thc hin cc bin php an ton lao Ch u t ng v phng chng cc s c trong (thu xy dng) giai on thi cng Giai on hot ng Thc hin kim sot nhim do kh thi Ch u t ca d n Thc hin kim sot nhim do nc Ch u t thi ca d n Thc hin kim sot nhim do cht Ch u t thi rn. Thc hin phng chng chy n Ch u t
Xy dng h thng chng st
Ch u t
Bo m din tch cy xanh
Ch u t
Thc hin chng trnh gim st mi trng
Ch u t
S Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
Danh sch cc cng trnh x l mi trng ca d n bao gm: Bng 5.2 Danh mc cc cng trnh x l mi trng v thi gian thc hin TT 1 2 3 Cng trnh x l mi trng Giai on thi cng xy dng Thu nh v sinh di ng Thng cha cht thi B lng x l nc thi thi cng Giai on hot ng H thng thot nc. Xy dng h thng x l nc tp trung cng sut 150 m3/ngy H thng thu gom rc thi v im tp kt rc. H thng phng chng chy. H thng phng chng st. Cy xanh. K hoch thc hin Thc hin khi giai on thi cng bt u Thc hin khi giai on thi cng bt u Thc hin khi giai on thi cng bt u Thc hin trong giai on xy dng Thc hin trong giai on xy dng v a vo hot ng cng vi d n Thc hin trong giai on xy dng v a vo hot ng cng vi d n Thc hin trong giai on xy dng v a vo hot ng cng vi d n Thc hin trong giai on xy dng v a vo hot ng cng vi d n Thc hin trong giai on xy dng v a vo hot ng cng vi d n
1 2 3 4 5 6
Kinh ph d kin cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng Trong giai on thi cng xy dng: - Thu nh v sinh lu ng: 42.000.000 - Thng cha cht thi: 2.100.000 - B lng (x l nc thi thi cng): 5.200.000 Trong giai on d n i vo hot ng: - H thng x l nc thi, cng sut 150 m3/ngy.m: 1.590.000.000 . - Cc thng chuyn dng cha rc, v tr tp trung rc, nh kho lu tr cht thi nguy hi: 125.000.000 . - Trng cy xanh: 6.220.000.000 . Tng cng: 894.300.000
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5.2 CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG Vic gim st cht lng mi trng l mt trong nhng cng vic quan trng ca cng tc qun l cht lng mi trng v cng l mt trong nhng phn rt quan trng ca cng tc nh gi tc ng mi trng. Vic gim st c th c nh ngha nh mt qu trnh lp li cc cng tc quan trc v o c. T xc nh li cc d bo trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ng hay khng hoc mc sai khc gia tnh ton v thc t. Trung tm mua sm phi thc hin chng trnh gim st mi trng theo ng qui nh ca cc c quan chc nng. Ch u t kt hp vi cc c quan chuyn mn lp chng trnh gim st nhim mi trng nhm mc ch gim st cc tc ng ti mi trng cng nh nh gi hiu qu ca cc bin php x l nhim. D n s thc hin chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng theo Thng t 07/2007/TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh ngy 03/07/2007 v vic hng dn phn loi qui nh danh mc c s gy nhim mi trng phi x l nh sau: 5.2.1 Gim st cht lng mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng Gim st cht lng khng kh xung quanh: - Thng s chn lc: bi, SO2, NO2, CO, ting n, vi kh hu. - a im gim st: + 02 im t ti khu vc thi cng ca d n + 01 im t ti cng trnh gn d n - Tn s gim st: 06 thng/ln. Gim st cht lng nc thi - Thng s chn lc: ton b cc thng s qui nh ti QCVN 14: 2008 do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh. - a im kho st: ti im x thi cui cng sau b lng nc thi xy dng trc khi thi vo cng thot nc chung ca Thnh ph. - Tn s gim st: 03 thng/ln. Gim st cht thi rn - Kim sot qu trnh phn loi rc, khi lng rc sinh hot v rc nguy hi pht sinh mi ngy. - Kim sot v tr tp kt, thu gom ng quy nh. - i vi cht thi rn nguy hi phi bo m c lu cha v x l ng quy nh.
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Tn s gim st: 06 thng/ln. 5.2.2 Gim st cht lng mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng Cht lng khng kh xung quanh - Thng s chn lc: bi, SO2, NO2, CO, ting n, vi kh hu. Ti v tr tp trung rc gim st thm NH3, H2S. - a im gim st: + 01 im t ti khu vc mua sm + 01 im t khu nh hng + 01 im t ti tng hm ca bi xe + 01 im t ti v tr tp trung rc thi ca d n - Tn s gim st: 06 thng/ln. Phng php ly mu v phn tch: + i vi mu khng kh xung quanh, chiu cao im ly mu k t mt t 1.5m. + Ly mu bi v hi, kh bng my ly mu khng kh model SL-20 Sibata (Japan), bm ly mu khng kh APEX SERIES ( Casella UK). Bi c xc nh theo phng php o bi trng lng, cn phn tch Sartorius, nhy 1 x 10-5 gr (c). Cc hi, kh c thu mu theo phng php hp th v phn tch bng phng php so mu, my so mu Shimadzu UV Visible Spectrophotometer (UV mini- 1240 - SHIMADZU CORPORATION KYOTO, JAPAN).o nhit bng my o hin s HANNA-USA. - Tiu chun so snh: Quy chun/Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (TCVN 5949-1998, QCVN 05:2009/BNTMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT). Gim st cht lng nc thi - Thng s chn lc: ton b cc thng s qui nh ti QCVN 14: 2008 do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh bao gm: pH, BOD, TSS, TDS, sunfua, amoni, NH-3, du m ng thc vt, tng cc cht hot ng b mt, PO43-, coliforms. - a im kho st: ti u ra ca h thng x l nc thi trc khi thot vo h thng thot nc chung ca Thnh ph. - Tn s gim st: 03 thng/ln. - Phng php ly mu v phn tch: phn tch tng ch tiu theo Standard Method (USA 1995). - Tiu chun so snh: QCVN 14:2008 (ct B, K=1).
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Gim st cht thi rn - Kim sot qu trnh phn loi rc ti ngun, khi lng rc sinh hot v rc nguy hi pht sinh mi ngy. - Kim sot v tr tp kt, thu gom ng quy nh. - i vi cht thi rn nguy hi, Ch d n s u t kho lu cha cht thi nguy hi trong nh c mi che, treo bin tn, bin cnh bo theo qui nh trnh vic pht tn cht thi nguy hi ra mi trng xung quanh v s tin hnh ng k ch ngun thi ti S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Tp H Ni - Tn sut gim st: 03 thng/ln. Kinh ph thc hin gim st cht lng mi trng ti trung tm: khong 40.000.000 / nm. Ch u t s mi c quan c y chc nng quan trc v phn tch mi trng n ly mu v phn tch. 5.2.3 Cc bin php h tr trong chng trnh qun l mi trng v gim st cht lng mi trng Ngoi cc bin php ch ng gim st, khng ch cc ngun c kh nng gy nhim ni trn, ch u t s thng xuyn t chc hun luyn, tp dt, o to gio dc thc v thc hin ni quy, quy nh v cng tc bo v mi trng cho ton th cn b, cng nhn vin lm vic ti trung tm. Trong qu trnh qun l, vn hnh nu c pht sinh ngun gy nhim, ch d n s c cc bin php hu hiu khc phc ngay ngun nhim hoc s bo cho cc cp c thm quyn hoc cc c quan chuyn ngnh mi trng c bin php x l thch hp v kp thi. Bn cnh , do c trng ca d n c tng hm nn s c k hoch theo di thng xuyn v ln v tnh an ton ca cng trnh, lp i qun l d n v thng xuyn c k hoch kim tra cng nh hun luyn nhm bo m i qun l hot ng chuyn nghip v c kh nng ng bin vi cc s c c th xy ra.
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CHNG 6: THAM VN KIN CNG NG 6.1 KIN CA Y BAN NHN DN V UBMTTQ PHNG TRUNG HA Nhm mc ch bo v mi trng v m bo li ch cng ng dn c trong qu trnh trin khai d n u t xy dng khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi ti mnh t s 222 Trn Duy Hng, phng Trung Ha, qun Cu Giy, H Ni, Ch u t l Cng ty TNHH Thng Long property gi cng vn s 005/2010/HC-TLP ngy 19 thng 04 nm 2010 xin kin ca UBND phng Trung Ha v UBMTTQ phng Trung Ha v vic xy dng d n. Tuy nhin, UBND v UBMTTQ phng Trung Ha khng phn hi v vn xy dng d n ny trong a bn phng bng vn bn. (Cng vn ca ch u t gi phng Trung Ha c nh km trong phn ph lc ca bo co)
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KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT 1. KT LUN Trn c s nghin cu nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng Khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi ca Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property c th a ra mt s kt lun sau: Trong giai on xy dng: nhn dng v nh gi c cc tc ng n ngi lao ng, n mi trng xung quanh cng nh n h sinh thi v tnh hnh kinh t x hi xung quanh khu vc d n. Bn cnh bo co d bo c cc s c mi trng c th xy ra c bit l i vi qu trnh thi cng xy dng tng hm Trong giai on hot ng ca d n: nhn dng v nh gi c cc tc ng n mi trng nc, khng kh, t v nh lng c cc cht thi pht sinh t hot ng ca d n. ng vi s nhn dng v nh gi tc ng t qu trnh xy dng v hot ng ca d n, bo co ra cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tng giai on: Trong giai on xy dng: bo co ra cc bin php gim thiu n cc thnh phn mi trng, ng thi xut cc bin php an ton lao ng cng nh cc gii php nhm gim thiu nhng s c c th xy ra nh tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao thng, bt n v an ninh trt t cng nh cc s c t qu trnh thi cng tng hm. Trong giai on hot ng: bo co xut tng i y cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n cc thnh phn mi trng. y l cc bin php mang tnh kh thi cao v c ng dng vo thc t ti cc d n tng t. Tuy nhin, vic nhn dng v nh gi v nhng tc ng ca d n cng nh cc bin php gim thiu c xut trong bo co khng th trnh khi nhng s sut do nhiu nguyn nhn nh thng tin t d n cha hon chnh, s liu v hin trng mi trng nn cn tng i t, nhng hn ch v mt chuyn mn Trn c s nh gi, Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property cam kt nh sau:
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Sau khi c cp Quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, chng ti s tin hnh thc hin phng n bo v mi trng theo ng hng dn v cam kt Tun th cc phng n x l nc thi, kh thi, ting n, rung, cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi v p dng cc bin php phng chng s c nh tai nn lao ng, chy n do d n gy ra, gim thiu tc ng n kinh t x hi a phng.. nu trong bo co ny. 2. KIN NGH Trn c s cc kt lun nghin cu trn, Ch u t knh ngh cc cp c thm quyn xt duyt, thm nh Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v sm xem xt cp Quyt nh ph duyt nh gi tc ng mi trng d n trin khai ng tin . 3. CAM KT Cng ty TNHH Thng Long Property - ch D n u t xy dng Khch sn, ta nh vn phng v trung tm thng mi xin cam kt: Cam kt v cc gii php, bin php bo v mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng trung tm S nghim tc thc hin cc bin php, cng trnh x l cc ngun nhim mi trng t qu trnh thi cng xy dng theo ng cc phng n gim thiu nh xut trong bo co. Cc tc ng s c gim thiu c th nh sau: Khng ch nhim khng kh Quy chun k thut quc gia v khng kh xung quanh: QCVN 05:2009, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; Tiu chun v n, rung: TCVN 5949-1998, TCVN 6962:2001. Khng ch ngun gy nhim nc thi Nc ma: to ng thot nc hng dng chy v ni tp trung trong qu trnh thi cng trnh gy ngp ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng; Nc thi thi cng: u t xy dng b lng x l nc thi t qu trnh thi cng; Nc thi sinh hot: thu nh v sinh lu ng. Thu gom v qun l cht thi rn Qun l cht thi rn theo ng qui nh v qun l cht thi rn thng thng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 11/2010/Q-UBND ca UBND Thnh ph H Ni.
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Cht thi rn: ch u t D n s k hp ng vi Cng ty c chc nng thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn n ni chn lp hp v sinh theo ng qui nh. Thu gom v x l cht thi nguy hi Tun th cc yu cu v thu gom, lu gi, vn chuyn v x l cht thi nguy hi theo ng Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi v Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi v Hp ng vi n v c chc nng thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn nguy hi n ni x l theo ng qui nh. Cam kt thc hin cc bin php an ton lao ng v phng chng cc s c trong giai on thi cng c bit l i vi cng tc thi cng tng hm. Cam kt v cc gii php, bin php bo v mi trng trong giai on d n chnh thc i vo hot ng S nghim tc thc hin cc cng trnh x l cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t hot ng ca d n theo ng cc phng n k thut khng ch cc ngun gy nhim nh nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. Cc tc ng ny s c Ch u t cam kt thc hin nh sau: Khng ch nhim khng kh: - Quy chun v kh thi: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT( i vi my pht in d phng). - Tiu chun v n, rung: TCVN 5949-1998. Khng ch ngun gy nhim nc thi: Ch u t cam kt u t xy dng h thng thu gom v thot nc ma ring bit vi h thng thu gom nc thi. Nc ma: nc ma sau khi c thu gom s c thi ra h thng thot nc ma chung ca Thnh ph H Ni. Nc thi: nc thi ca D n c tp trung v x l ti trm x l bo m t tiu chun QCVN 14:2008 (ct B, K=1) trc khi thi vo h thng thot nc thi ca thnh ph. Thu gom v qun l cht thi rn:
-
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Qun l cht thi rn theo ng qui nh v qun l cht thi rn thng thng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 11/2010/Q-UBND ca UBND Thnh ph H Ni. Ch u t D n s k hp ng vi Cng ty c chc nng thu gom hng ngy v vn chuyn cht thi rn khng gy nguy hi n ni x l ng ni qui nh. Thu gom v x l cht thi nguy hi: Tun th cc yu cu v thu gom, lu gi, vn chuyn v x l cht thi nguy hi theo ng Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi. Hp ng vi cc n v c chc nng thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn nguy hi n ni x l theo ng qui nh. Cc cht thi nguy hi khi bn giao cho cc n v thu gom vn chuyn s qun l theo b Chng t qun l cht thi nguy hi do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh theo ng qui nh. Tin hnh lp h s ng k ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi v np cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng c cp S ng k ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi. V cc cng trnh x l mi trng: m bo u t xy dng ng thi hn hon thnh cc cng trnh x l nhim (thi hn hon thnh cc cng trnh x l nhim: trc khi d n i vo hot ng chnh thc) v c c quan c thm quyn kim tra, xc nhn trc khi d n i vo hot ng. Chng trnh quan trc: lp h s gim st nh trnh by chng 5 v t chc gim st cht lng mi trng xung quanh khu vc hot ng ca trung tm v c nhng bin php kp thi i vi cc kt qu gim st. Qun l mi trng: ch u t s phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trong qu trnh thit k, thi cng v vn hnh cc h thng khng ch nhim mi trng nhm m bo t Qui chun k thut quc gia v Mi trng v Tiu chun mi trng theo quy nh v phng chng s c mi trng khi xy ra. Cc cam kt v n b v khc phc nhim mi trng trong trng hp cc s c, ri ro mi trng xy ra do trin khai d n Phng chng s c t qu trnh thi cng: i vi qu trnh thi cng tng hm bo m thc hin cc bin php bo m an ton v cam kt thc hin y cc n b nu xy ra s c cho cc cng trnh ln cn.
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Phng chng s c chy n: thc hin nghim chnh cc bin php phng chng s c ha hon, s c chy n, v sinh an ton lao ng v cc bin php phng chng s c nhim ny. Phng chng cc s c v ri ro mi trng: thc hin nghim chnh cc chng trnh phng chng s c v c cc bin php phng chng c th i vi cc h thng x l. Chu trch nhim trc Php lut nc Cng ha X hi ch ngha Vit Nam nu vi phm cc cng c quc t, cc tiu chun Vit Nam nu xy s c gy nhim mi trng. Ngoi ra, Ch u t cam kt thc hin theo ng Quyt nh s 55/2009 ca UBND Thnh ph v m bo v sinh mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng, xy dng cng trnh trn a bn thnh ph H Ni.
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DTM Thăng Long Property - Chinh Sua

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D N U T XY DNG KHCH SN, TA NH VN PHNG V TRUNG TM THNG MI TI S 222, NG TRN DUY HNG, PHNG TRUNG HA, QUN CU GIY, TP H NI

Danh sch nhng ngi tham gia lp bo co:

Khu vc thc hin d n

T hp pht trin Khi

Din tch xy dng (m2) 16.900 1.350 1.100 1.600

S tng 5 tng 28 tng trn 36 tng trn 58tng trn

Tng din tch xy dng (m2) 75.740 30.200 32.300 88.000

2,500 39 600 60 200 1 11,16

ngi m3/ngy ngi m3/ngy ngi m3/ngy m3/ngy

Tn hiu t t chnh dn n t nhnh tng khu vc v t nhnh cc tng

Dung trng t Dung trng kh

Lp 2: cng, nu xm trng, st nc (25-75cm)

Lp 3a: cng, nu vng, st c ln ct (75-100cm)

Lp 3b: t trng trung bnh, ct st vng nu (100-150cm)

Lp 4: cng, xm hi en, st nc (150-200cm)

Lp 5: t trng trung bnh, xm tro, ct st ph sa (20-230cm)

Lp 6: rt cng, vng nu xm trng, ct st (230-279cm)

Lp 7: ct st ph san nng, nu vng (279-500cm)

Dung trng kh T trng Lc c kt Gc ma st

: = 16,70 KN/m3 : W = 20,36% : Gs = 2,67 : C = 8,9 kPa : = 25o54

143 116 144 124 123

122 184 234 424 305 199 469 259

Nhit m Hng gi Tc gi p sut kh quyn n LAeq Bi tng s CO SO2 NOx HC NH3

28,1 62,0 N 2,20

28,0 66,2 N 2,15

27,9 65,5 N 1,35

27,8 62,5 N 1,20

29,2 63,4 N 1,78

1005 1005 1005 1005 1005

dBA mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/ m3 mg/

60,1 0,17 2 1,40 0,03 6 0,02 1 2,5 0,10

58,2 0,18 0 1,20 0,03 4 0,02 0 2,2 0,07

65,6 0,18 5 1,50 0,03 2 0,01 9 1,8 0,08

55,5 0,19 0 1,30 0,03 4 0,02 0 1,5 0,11

58,0 0,18 5 1,60 0,03 1 0,01 9 2,0 0,12

75 0,3 30 0,35 0,2 5 0,2

m3 13 H2S mg/ m3 0,01 5 0,02 0 0,01 6 0,01 8 0,02 5 0,042

7,15 5,25 33 21 38 0,07 8.500 <0,002 <0,002 0,010 <0,002

NO2 NO3 NH4 (theo N) Zn Fe Ni Mn F CN Hg

0,04 10 0,5 1,5 1,5 0,1 1,5 0,02 0,001

6,05 5,75 5,58 6,12

mg/k 24,2 25,1 24,0 21,3 g

mg/k 0,80 0,81 0,77 0,74 g

mg/k 52,0 55,7 54,5 51,8 g

mg/k 25,4 22,5 20,8 20,6 g

[ ( 365 153) / 365] = 1,05 (kg bi/km)

Cao Cao Cao

Cng thot nc thi chung ca khu vc

Cng thot nc ma chung ca khu vc

Hnh 4.3. S quy trnh cng ngh h thng x l nc thi tp trung

B t hoi Song chn rc

H thng thot nc chung ca thnh ph

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh B tch du

Hnh 4.4 Mt ct b tch du

Cht lng nc sau x l m bo t QCVN 14:2008 (ct B, K=1).

: L x W x H = 2,5 m x 1,5 m x 1,5 m;

: L x W x H = 6,0m x 6,0 m x 3,0 m;

: L x W x H = 6,0m x 5,0m x 3,0 m;

B lng V = 25,7 m3 o S lng : 1 b; o Kch thc : D x H = 2,5 m x 3,0 m;

B kh trng V = 49m3 o S lng : 1 b;

: L x W x H = 3,5 m x 0,7 m x 2,0 m;

Xy dng h thng chng st

Bo m din tch cy xanh