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"S la chn i nghch" xy ra trc cho vay khi ngn hng b khch hng che giu mt s thng tin

dn ti vic la chn khch hng khng tt v cp tn dng khng hiu qu. Khch hng c ri ro cao thng l nhngkhch hng tch cc nht trong vic xin vay. Hu qu ca s la chon i nghch c th dn n vic cp tn dng cho khch hng c ri ro cao nn trong trng hp ny cc ngn hng c th s ct gim cho vay hoc khng tip tc cho vay mc d trn th trng vn c nhiu khch hng tt. "Ri ro o c" xy ra sau cho vay khi khch hng c ng c u t vo nhng d n c ri ro cao. Nu d n thnh cng th khch hng s thu c li rt ln, ngc li nu d n tht bi th ngn hng s phi gnh chu hu qu do khch hng thua l. Ri ro o c cng c th xy ra khi khch hng s dng vn vay khng ng mc ch, u t vo d n km hiu qu, la o ngn hng...Xung t v li ch gia ngi vay v ngn hng t vn ri ro o c dn n tnh trng mt s ngn hng quyt nh gim cho vay, nh hng n c nn kinh t. Trong chng mc no , "s la chn i nghch" v "ri ro o c" c th t xy ra nu ngi vay c ti sn m bo ti ngn hng, hoc trong trng hp vn t c ca khch hng vay chim phn ln trong d n u t, hoc khch hng c danh ting trn th trng. Trong nhng trng hp ny ng c vay vn ca khch hng l hon ton ph hp vi mc tiu cho vay ca ngn hng. Tuy nhin, trn th trng tn dng nhiu khch hng khng c c nhng iu kin nh trn, c bit l nhng khch hng nh, mi thnh lp. hn ch thng tin khng cn xng cc ngn hng c th t thu thp thng tin v khch hng bng cch c cn b trc tip ti khch hng thu thp thng tin, x l v phn tch thng tin trc khi quyt nh cho vay. Tuy nhin, thng tin t mt ngun, mt chiu kh c th phn nh y tnh trng ca khch hng. V vy, mt knh thng tin hiu qu v tit kim chi ph l thng tin t cc Trung tm thng tin tn dng cng hoc t nhn. Chia s thng tin v khch hng vay thng qua cc trung tm thng tin tn dng khng ch mang li li ch cho cc ngn hng m cn tt cho chnh cc khch hng. Da trn l thuyt v thng tin khng cn xng, chia s thng tin v ngi vay thng qua cc trung tm thng tin tn dng c bn li ch chnh sau y: Mt l, cc trung tm thng tn dng gip cc ngn hng hiu r hn v khch hng v c th d on v kh nng tr n ca khch hng. Do vy, ngn hng c th quyt nh cho vay hoc khng cho vay; nh gi c khon cho vay chnh xc hn, t lm gim kh nng gy ra "s la chn i nghch". Hai l, trung tm thng tin tn dng gip ngn hng tng kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng. Nu ngn hng nhn thng tin t trung tm thng tin tn dng v mt khch hng, ngn hng s c nh gi ng hn v khch hng v c th s p dng mt mc li sut thp hn so vi mc li sut ca ngn hng khng c thng tin. Li sut thp hn lm tng kh nng cnh tranh ca ngn hng trn th trng. Li sut thp hn cng lm

gim chi ph cho doanh nghip, to ng c cho doanh nghip trong hoat ng kinh doanh. Ba l, cc khch hng bit rng nu h c quan h khng tt vi mt ngn hng th ting tm ca h vi cc ngn hng khc cng s khng tt, nh vy s khng ngn hng no tip tc cho nhng khch hng ny vay hoc nu cho vay th vi li sut rt cao. C th ni s tn ti ca cc trung tm thng tin tn dng lm tng ng c tr n ca khch hng v gim ri ro v o c. Bn l, Trung tm thng tin tn dng gip cc ngn hng nhn bit c tnh trng vay n ca khch hng ng thi ti nhiu ngn hng, t khng tip tc cho vay qu nhiu vo nhng khch hng , t gim thiu ri ro ca ngn hng. ..

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