DOL Schemes

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SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

TITLE: - PRESENTED BY:
DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

Date: -18.06.05
CONCEPTS OF DOL, RDOL & STAR-DELTA
STARTER SCHEMES
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 1 OF 1

DESIGN STANDARDISATION & DOCUMENTATION GROUP SHEETS
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Date: -18.06.05
• Different terminology in schemes
• DOL basic concept
• DOL with additional starting/stopping commands
• DOL with L/R switch
• DOL with A/M switch
• RDOL
• STAR-DELTA

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Date: -18.06.05
Different terminology in schemes:

Any scheme consists of two types of circuits as mentioned below:
1. Power circuit: It consists of power equipments for switching and protection of the
downstream equipment e.g. ACB, MCCB, fuse switch, power contactor, relays, CTs,
etc. Power circuit is generally indicated by the use of thick lines in the scheme drawing.
Such that, it can be easily differentiated from the control circuit.
2. Control circuit: The control circuit consists of metering, protection and indication
devices with necessary switches and interlocks. It includes the coil circuit of contactors,
ACBs, their auxiliary contacts, shunt trips of MCCBs and all indicating lamp circuits.
The supply for control circuit is either tapped from one of the phases and neutral of the
feeder directly (or through a control transformer) or from external supplies. Control
fuses are used for protection of control circuit. The rating of control fuses is selected
according to the equipments connected in the control circuit.
The following nomenclatures are used while referring to a scheme drawing.
• Cross-reference: For reading convenience, the drawing page on which scheme is
drawn is divided into equal parts. The scheme drawing consists of various different
equipments like contactors, relays, ACBs, MCCBs, etc. These devices consist of
power contacts & auxiliary contacts. A specific number denotes each device & its
terminals used in the scheme. The family of a device alongwith its contacts & terminals
are drawn in one of the sections of the drawing page & the section where each
terminal is used is also written alongside. Now the section in which a specified terminal
is used also bears a notation alongside, which indicates the section in which the family
of that specified terminal exists & the number of the device to which the terminal
belongs. This is used as a cross-reference for the referring device and vice-versa.
(Please refer the drawings attached )
• Contacts / Push Buttons: The push buttons are the switches, which can close or
open the circuit whenever it is pressed. The contact is a part which is actually
responsible for opening or closing of the circuit. The contacts are basically of two types

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Date: -18.06.05
viz. power contacts & the auxiliary contacts. The power contacts act in the power
circuit, whereas the auxiliary contacts act in the control circuit.
• NO/NC contacts: The auxiliary contacts are further classified into two parts, namely
NO (Normally Open) & NC (Normally Closed). This implies that these contacts are
opened or closed respectively when the coil is de-energised or is in the OFF condition.
• Stay-put Push Button: This type is a special version of push buttons. As its name
suggests these buttons once pressed stay or remain in the same position. Turning the
button in the clockwise direction can open these buttons. Another version of this button
can be turned to open only by using its own specific key to prevent any unauthorized
use of it.

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Date: -18.06.05
DOL (DIRECT ON LINE) STARTER SCHEME:

Power circuit for DOL: The DOL starter power circuit consists of following devices all
connected in series.
1. Short circuit protective device -SCPD(Switch fuse disconnector) or MCCB
2. Power contactor
3. Overload relay
To start the motor, the SCPD is closed and the start command is given through start P.B.
Control circuit for DOL: The coil of contactor gets supply through the interlocks in the
control circuit. The proper operation of DOL starter mainly depends upon the pick-up and
drop-off of the contactor. The indications for the starter are given according to the power
contactor status (ON/OFF) and the fault indication through the relay.

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Date: -18.06.05
TYPE 1: BASIC DOL STARTER:

The basic DOL starter scheme is as explained below
• NO (13,14) contact of the SCPD (Q1) is connected in series with the coil of the power
contactor to ensure that unless the fuse switch is closed, the contactor will not pick up.
• NC (95,96) contact of the overload relay (K1) is connected in series of the power
contactor coil so that during an overload when the relay operates, the contact opens
cutting off the supply to the contactor coil. Therefore, power contactor opens thus
disconnecting the supply to the motor.
• The stop push button (S1:11,12) is also in series with the contactor coil so as to cut-off
the supply when the stop button is pressed.
• NO contact of the power contactor is connected across the momentary start push
button. This is to ensure the continuity of supply even after the start command to the
P.B. is relieved. This contact is called as a hold-on contact.
• INDICATION CIRCUIT: Red colour LED is used for 'ON' indication. NO contact of
power contactor is connected in series with the red LED. Therefore, the red LED
illuminates on energizing of the contactor coil. Green colour LED is used for 'OFF'
indication. Hence, a NC contact of power contactor is connected in series with the
green LED. Therefore, the LED illuminates on de-energizing of the contactor coil.
Amber colour LED is used for 'AUTO TRIP' indication. NO contact of thermal overload
relay is connected in series with the amber LED. Therefore, the LED illuminates on
operation of the relay.

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Date: -18.06.05
TYPE 2: DOL STARTER WITH REMOTE START OPTION:

The start P.B. connected in the circuit earlier was connected in the module itself. But
many a times a start push button is also required at a remote place like in a control room
etc. In order to attain this, another detachable start button is provided across the existing
local start push button. The hold on contact for both the push buttons remains the same.
Please refer the attached sketch “DOL02”.
• Both start commands are connected in parallel connection since on operation of any of
the start commands, the coil should get supply.
• The local and remote stop P.B. contacts are in series with the contactor coil. This
ensures that, if any of the stop command is given, the supply to contactor coils cuts off.
Also, both local as well as remote stop commands are independent of the start
commands.

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Date: -18.06.05
TYPE 3: DOL STARTER WITH LOCAL-REMOTE SELECTOR SWITCH:

This case is similar to the previous case, except the addition of a LOCAL-REMOTE
SELECTOR SWITCH which allows the user to select between local or remote starting
only. Please refer the attached sketch “DOL03”.
• This selector switch is used to select from the options of local start and remote start.
This ensures that if the user wants the start command to be given only from one
location in a particular situation, the other start command will not operate the feeder.
• In such case, two separate hold-on contacts are required for each of the start
commands since the two paths are totally separate from each other.
• Both remote as well as local stop commands are independent of the selector switch
position. This is to ensure that irrespective of the local/remote position of the switch,
operator at any location should be able to stop the feeder.

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Date: -18.06.05
TYPE 4: DOL STARTER WITH LOCAL-REMOTE SELECTOR SWITCH AND

MAINTAINED REMOTE START OPTION IN ADDITION TO LOCAL START
Please refer the attached sketch “DOL04”.
• In this case, the remote start/stop command is maintained type. This may be also a
combined start/stop command. Therefore, the remote start circuit does not need any
hold on contact across it to maintain the continuity of the circuit.
• Since the start command itself acts as stop command (once start is withdrawn), it is
connected in the circuit such that it is independent of the selector switch position.
There is no separate start command required in such case.

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Date: -18.06.05
TYPE 5: DOL STARTER WITH AUTO-MANUAL AND LOCAL-REMOTE SELECTOR

SWITCHES:
In this case, there is a selector switch in addition to a local-remote selector switch to make
a choice between auto start command and manual start command. Please refer the
attached sketch “DOL05”.
• In auto mode, only the auto start command (coming from central control room through
PLC/DCS, etc.) will be able to start the motor. This command is generally combined
start/stop type and hence, separate auto-stop command is not required.
In such cases, the contact coming in the circuit should be capable to carry the pick-up
current of the power contactor coil. This needs special attention since the contact
comes from an electronic circuit. In case the contact is not rated for that much current,
we have to use an auxiliary relay to multiply this command. The contact of the auxiliary
relay is then used in the circuit of the power contactor coil. The auxiliary relay in such
cases is known as Interposing relay.
Also, the surge coming at the time of switching the coil may harm the circuitry
connected to the DCS/PLC contact. To avoid any such situation, a surge suppressor is
used across the coil of the power/auxiliary contactor. This is an R-C circuit through
which the voltage of surge is circulated at the time of switching. Thus, the damage to
the electronic circuit is avoided. (Same practice is followed in case of
intelligent/electronic relays used.)
• In manual mode, the remote and local start commands can start the motor. The local-
remote selector switch is used further to differentiate between the two starts (local and
remote).
• The local and remote stop commands will be independent of the type of start
command. The auto-stop command since combined with start command should not
depend on position of any selector switch.

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Date: -18.06.05
TYPE 6: REVERSIBLE DOL (RDOL) STARTER

This kind of starter is required when the motor is required to run in both forward as well as
reverse directions according to the application. Please refer the attached sketch
“RDOL06”.
• Power circuit: There is one more power contactor connected across the power
contactor in the power circuit with two of the phases interchanged to achieve reversal
of rotation. The two contactors are mechanically interlocked to ensure that both of
them do not operate simultaneously. The shorting of two different phases is avoided
through this arrangement.
• Control circuit: The control circuit obviously consists of two start push buttons, one for
‘FORWARD START’ and another for ‘REVERSE START’. Each of them controls the
supply to the respective contactor coils responsible for the supply to the motor in
forward and reverse modes. The stop command is common for both modes since it is
independent of type of operation. The NC contact of forward contactor is connected in
series with reverse contactor coil and that of reverse contactor is connected in series
with forward contactor coil. This is the electrical interlock, which ensures that only one
contactor will pick up at a time avoiding any mal-operation and consequent damage to
the feeder and problems to the dependant processes.
• Indication circuit: One more Red LED is required to indicate the ‘Reverse ON’ mode.
One NO contact of the reverse contactor is connected in series with it.

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Date: -18.06.05
STAR-DELTA (REDUCED VOLTAGE) STARTER

In star-delta starter, the starter starts the motor in star-connection so as to reduce starting
current taken by the motor. After the motor picks up sufficient speed, the starter changes
the connection of motor from star to delta to give higher torque.
Please refer the attached sketch “STDL01”. When the push button S2 is pressed
the contacts 23,24 gets closed & the coil of the ETR550 timer gets excited through
K3(21,22). ETR550 is a STAR-DELTA timer. It has 2 contacts i.e. STAR contact & DELTA
contact. When ETR550 energises, its STAR contact operates & 15, 18 get shorted. As a
result the coil of contactor K4 gets excited & the power contacts as well as Auxiliary
contacts (NO & NC) change their positions respectively. Now coil of contactor K2 gets
excited through K4 (13,14) & the power as well as Auxiliary contacts of K2 change their
positions. Now even if the start PB is released the K2 coil continues to get excited through
K2 (43,44) & K2 (53,54).
After the set time of STAR operation, STAR contact of timer ETR550 deenergises.
So contactor K4 drops off opening the star point of the motor. It is recommended that after
the STAR contactor drops off there should be some time delay before the DELTA
contactor picks up. This is to ensure that contactor has fully opened. This period is called
as transition period & generally 60 to 80mS is sufficient time. DELTA contact of ETR550
picks up after this time delay. Now the coil of K3 gets excited through K2 (43,44), K2
(53,54), K4 (21,22) & D1 (25,28) & its contacts changes its position. As a result the coil of
the ETR550 relay loses its excitation & gets isolated from the circuit. Meanwhile the coil of
K3 continues to be excited through its hold on contacts K3 (13,14) & the coil of K2 through
the above mentioned path & the motor continues to run in the delta connection.
Now when the stop PB is pressed all the coils get de-energised and the motor stops
running.
Following are some features of a star-delta starter:

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Date: -18.06.05
• A special timer is used along with three power contactors. One contactor connects one
end of motor windings to the busbar (known as main contactor). Other two contactors
decide the star/delta connection of the motor.
• The timer is used to control the time duration for which the motor runs in star mode
and then automatic changeover to delta. The timer coil gets supply as soon as the start
command is given. There are two types of contacts, which are operated on giving
supply to the timer coil. One is immediate changeover contact and another is delayed
changeover contact. The immediate changeover contact is connected in series with
the star contactor coil, while the delayed changeover contact is connected in series
with the delta contactor coil.
• Since instantaneous contact of the timer is connected in series with the star contactor
coil, the contactor picks up as soon as start command is given. After this, the main
contactor also picks up immediately. The star contactor is closed before main
contactor to avoid arcing at the contacts while shorting the other end of motor
windings.
• After set time delay in the timer according to load characteristics, the instantaneous
contact of the timer drops down. Therefore star contactor also drops down. The
delayed contact closes after the instantaneous contact has opened. The delta
contactor therefore closes after the star contactor drops down. This is again ensured
by putting NC contact of the star contactor in series with the delta contactor coil.

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Date: -18.06.05
• Thus, the time delay in the timer consists of two parts:

1. Time for which the motor windings are connected in star. This is the time
required by the motor to reach 85%-90% of the full load speed.
2. The time required for transition from star to delta connection.
The first time delay can be set in the timer according to the load characteristics. The range
generally available with timer is upto 30s or upto 60s. The second time delay is selectable
between 60ms or 120ms. Depending on the circuit condition during transition from star to
delta, there are two types of star-delta starters:
1. Open transition: The circuit of the motor remains open in this case during the star to
delta transition. The disadvantage of this type of starter is that if the timing between
star-delta transition is not selected appropriately then the delta phase becomes
equivalent to DOL starter. The motor while changing over from star to delta draws a
large current. The advantage of using this starter is its simplicity and lesser space
requirement. The sketch “STDL01” shows open transition type of starter.
2. Closed transition: The circuit of the motor remains closed in this case during the star
to delta transition. The advantage of using this starter is that the motor keeps on
getting supply even during the transition time. A resistance of suitable rating is inserted
at the other end of the windings. Thus, the windings of motor are actually connected in
star during the transition time, only the resistance is added in series with the windings.
The disadvantage of this type of starter is larger space requirement since it requires an
additional contactor for connection of resistance and the space required for the
resistors itself. This type of starter is very rarely used since most of the motors/loads
are suitable for open transition type of starter.

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Date: -18.06.05
CONCEPT OF DRAWOUT FEEDER:

The starter circuitry is generally accommodated in draw out type of feeder in a MCC
panel. This type of feeder can be racked in or racked put with the help of racking handle,
racking screw & sliding telescopic rails. Power supply to the feeder is given through the
STABIN contact mounted on the dropper & power supply to customer is given through the
D/O O/G power contact. Control supply from external side as well as interlock/feedeback
from/to outside is given through SICs (Secondary Isolating Contacts). There are three
types of SICs (i.e. SERVICE, TEST & SERVICE + TEST). SERVICE SICs can be
mounted in front as well as rear column. However TEST & SERVICE + TEST SICs are
mounted only in front column.
Fully draw-out module has 3 distint functional positions additonal 2 positions for
maintenance purpose.
1.SERVICE: The module has stab-in type of contacts and power contacts on its rear side
(behind the base plate). The stab-in contacts get connected to the droppers and the
power contacts get connected to the outgoing power terminals in this position. In this
position SERVICE SICs & SERVICE +TEST SICs remain engaged. However TEST SICs
remain disengaged.
2.TEST: After opening the door module is racked out to bring it to TEST position. In this
position, STAB-IN as well as O/G contact gets disengaged. Hence no power supply is
available to module. In this position SERVICE SICs gets disengaged. However TEST &
SERVICE +TEST SICs remain engaged. In this position, Control circuit can be tested
selectively.
3.ISOLATED: In this position, both power and control SICs get disengaged.
4.MAINTENANCE: In this position, one can get access to all components.
5.HINGED OUT: In this position, one can get access to components on rear and incoming
contacts without removing the module.

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Date: -18.06.05
TEST FACILITY IN A STARTER:

Sometimes the customer asks for a facility to check whether the feeder is working OK or
not. The test facility is provided in the test position of a draw-out module since in test
position, the power contacts of the module are disengaged. The Test-SICs however are
still in contact and the module can get the control supply through the same. A test push
button is given in place of all the commands, which will give supply to contactor coil only in
test position. Wherever the customer wants some interlocks to be followed even in test
position, Service + Test SICs are to be used. This ensures the interlocks work in both the
positions. Please refer to the attached sketch ”DOLTEST” for details of the circuit.

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Date: -18.06.05
CRITICAL THINGS TO BE TAKEN CARE WHILE MAKING A STARTER SCHEME:

Following things need special attention while making a scheme drawing for any starter
feeder:
1. Control cabling: The control cables for commands coming from customer side
(remote, DCS, PLC, etc.) are generally multi-core cables. Therefore whenever control
terminals are numbered for external commands, attempt should be made to keep the
numbers of these terminals serially. This makes the cable termination at site easier.
2. Draw-Out / Fixed feeders: The starter feeders can be offered in draw-out as well as
fixed type. While making scheme, the type of feeder should be kept in mind. The type
of draw-out and fixed feeder affects the type of control terminals and power terminals.
The representation of the two types of terminals is different in a scheme diagram.
3. Control Supply: Control supply coming to the control circuit of the feeder should be
shown appropriately. It may be coming from inside the feeder or from the switchboard
or any external supply. The auxiliary bus, from which the supply is tapped, should be
named correctly in accordance with the general arrangement drawing.
4. Control circuit protection: The fuses or MCBs given for the control circuit protection
should be appropriately selected. The rating of the fuses/MCBs is to be selected
according to the equipments connected in the circuit.
According to the application, the type of SIC is to be selected.
5. SIC arrangement: The SICs have specific position in a draw-out module. Therefore
the arrangement of the SICs should be checked in a scheme. The number of SICs that
can be accommodated also should be checked with respect to the feeder size. Also it
should be kept in mind that Test SICs and Service + Test SICs can only come in the
front column of the module.
6. Star-Delta scheme logic: If any interlocks are there in a star-delta starter feeder, the
scheme should be re-checked for logic. The operation of the feeder in star and delta
modes should be analysed.


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SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

CONCEPTS OF DOL, RDOL & STAR-DELTA

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 1 OF 1

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

• Different terminology in schemes

• DOL basic concept

• DOL with additional starting/stopping commands

• DOL with L/R switch

• DOL with A/M switch

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 2 OF 2

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

Different terminology in schemes:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 3 OF 3

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 4 OF 4

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

DOL (DIRECT ON LINE) STARTER SCHEME:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 5 OF 5

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

TYPE 1: BASIC DOL STARTER:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 6 OF 6

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

TYPE 2: DOL STARTER WITH REMOTE START OPTION:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 7 OF 7

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

TYPE 3: DOL STARTER WITH LOCAL-REMOTE SELECTOR SWITCH:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 8 OF 8

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

TYPE 4: DOL STARTER WITH LOCAL-REMOTE SELECTOR SWITCH AND

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 9 OF 9

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

TYPE 5: DOL STARTER WITH AUTO-MANUAL AND LOCAL-REMOTE SELECTOR

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 10 OF 10

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

TYPE 6: REVERSIBLE DOL (RDOL) STARTER

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 11 OF 11

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

STAR-DELTA (REDUCED VOLTAGE) STARTER

Following are some features of a star-delta starter:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 12 OF 12

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 13 OF 13

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

• Thus, the time delay in the timer consists of two parts:

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT 14 OF 14

SPE-D TRAINING SESSION

DOL, RDOL, STARDELTA SCHEMES PSW/SPE-D/TVP

CONCEPT OF DRAWOUT FEEDER: