Bai Giang LTM2 - Nguyen Viet Son

C S K THUT IN 2
Gio vin: TS. Nguyn Vit Sn

B mn: K thut o v Tin hc cng nghip
C1 - 108 - i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Email: nvson3i@gmail.com
- 2010 -
C s k thut in 2
2
C S K THUT IN 2
Ni dung chng trnh:
Chng 1: Khi nim v mch phi tuyn.
I. Khi nim v mch phi tuyn.
II. Tnh cht mch phi tuyn.
III. Tuyn tnh ha - Qun tnh ha phn t phi tuyn.
IV. Phng php xt mch phi tuyn.
Chng 2: Ch xc lp hng trong mch phi tuyn.
I. Khi nim chung.
II. Phng php th.
III. Phng php d.
IV. Phng php lp
C s k thut in 2
3
C S K THUT IN 2
Ni dung chng trnh:
Chng 3: Ch xc lp dao ng trong mch phi tuyn
I. Khi nim chung.
II. Phng php th vi gi tr tc thi.
III. Phng php cn bng iu ha.
IV. Phng php iu ha tng ng.
V. Phng php d.
VI. Phng php tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic.
Chng 4: Qu trnh qu trong mch phi tuyn.
I. Khi nim chung.
II. Phng php tham s b (nhiu lon).
III. Phng php sai phn lin tip.
IV. Phng php bin pha bin thin chm (h s tch phn).
C s k thut in 2
4
C S K THUT IN 2
Ni dung chng trnh:
Chng 5: L thuyt v mch c thng s di - ng dy di u tuyn tnh.
I. M hnh ng dy di u.
II. Ch xc lp iu ha trn ng dy di.
III. Qu trnh qu trn ng dy di khng tiu tn.
C s k thut in 2
5
C S K THUT IN 2
Ti liu thamkho:
1. C s k thut in 1 & 2 - Nguyn Bnh Thnh - Nguyn Trn Qun - Phm Khc
Chng - 1971.
2. C s k thut in - Quyn 1 - B mn K thut o v Tin hc cng nghip - 2004
3. Gio trnh l thuyt mch in - PGS - TS. L Vn Bng - 2005.
4. Fundamentals of electric circuits - David A.Bell - Prentice Hall International
Edition - 1990.
5. Electric circuits - Norman Blabanian - Mc Graw Hill - 1994.
6. Methodes detudes des circuit electriques - Fancois Mesa - Eyrolles - 1987.
7. An introduction to circuit analysis a system approach - Donald E.Scott - Mc
Graw Hill - 1994.
http://www.mica.edu.vn/perso/Nguyen-Viet-Son/Ly-Thuyet-Mach/
C s k thut in 2
6
C S K THUT IN 2
Chng 1: Khi nimv mch phi tuyn
I. Khi nimv mch phi tuyn.
II. Tuyn tnh ha - Qun tnh ha phn t phi tuyn.
III. Tnh cht mch phi tuyn.
Bi tp: 1 - 4, 6, 7, 8 - 13.
C s k thut in 2
7
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim v mch phi tuyn.
I.1. Mch v h phng trnh mch phi tuyn.
I.2. Phn t mch phi tuyn.
I.3. Hm c tnh ca phn t phi tuyn.
C s k thut in 2
8
Chng 1: Khi nim v mch phi tuyn
S mch
Lut
6000( ) = =
c
km
f
E(x, y, z, t), H(x,y,z,t)
Thit b in
Mch ha
M hnh trng M hnh h thng
u(t), i(t), p(t)
M hnh mch
(nng lng) Kirchoff
M hnh mch
tn hiu
H phng trnh
ton hc
g
tb
>> g
moi truong
Hu hn cc trng thi.
l <<
Lut Kirchoff 1, 2
Lut bo ton cng sut
Lut Ohm
Xt s truyn t nng lng
gia cc thit b in
Hnh v m phng
thit b in
C s k thut in 2
9
M hnh mch phi tuyn l m hnh mch m qu trnh xt c m t bi mt h
phng trnh vi tch phn phi tuyn trong min thi gian.
1
1 1 2
1 2
( , ,..., , )
...
( , ,..., , )
n
n
n n
dx
f x x x t
dt
dx
f x x x t
dt
Trong mch in, ta c:

Bin trng thi x
1
, , x
n
l dng in, in p, t thng, in tch
f
1
, , f
n
l cc kch thch, hm phi tuyn.
t bin c lp thi gian
C s k thut in 2
I.2. Phn t mch phi tuyn.
10
Phn t mch phi tuyn l mt phn t ca mch in m quan h cc trng thi trn
l mt phng trnh (h phng trnh) vi tch phn phi tuyn.
in tr phi tuyn:
R(i)
u,r
R(i)
u(i)
i
0
u(t) = R(i).i(t)
Cun dy phi tuyn: T in phi tuyn:
L(i) C(u)
,L
L(i)
(i)
i
0
C,q
C(u)
q(u)
u
0
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) .
( )
( ) ( ).
L
L
t i di t
u t
t i dt
di t
u t L i
dt
c c
= =
c c
=
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) .
( )
( ) ( ).
C
C
q t q u du t
i t
t u dt
du t
i t C u
dt
c c
= =
c c
=
C s k thut in 2
11
thun tin cho tnh ton, kho st, cn phn tch phng trnh trng thi cc phn t,
xc nh r nhng quan h hm c trng (hm c tnh) ca qu trnh mi phn t.
Tnh cht, c im
qu trnh mch
H phng trnh
ton hc
(B cc ton t)
Phn t + Kt cu
mch
C 2 loi hm c tnh:
c tnh trng thi: Ni ln quan h gia 2 trng thi ca cng mt phn t phi
tuyn.
V d: u = u(i), = (i), q = q(u),
c tnh h s: Ni ln tnh cht v qu trnh ca thit b in (tuyn tnh hay phi
tuyn, phi tuyn nhiu hay t, i xng hay khng i xng )
C s k thut in 2
12
Vi mt phn t phi tuyn:
nh ngha nhng hm c tnh (c tnh trng thi hay c tnh h s).
Tm cch o v biu din chng:
Bng s.
th.
Hm gii tch.
C 2 loi c tnh h s:
d
y
K
x
c
=
c
x
y
H s ng:
V d:
( ) ( )
. ( ).
d i i di di
L i
dt i dt dt
c
= =
c
H s tnh:
( )
t
y x
K
x
=

V d:
( ) ( )
( ) ; ( ) ,...
t t
u i q u
r i c u
i u
= =
C s k thut in 2
Chng 1: Khi nim v mch phi tuyn`
13
c tnh dng th:
V d: Cho mt diode
A
V
0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
c tnh dng bng s:
U(V) 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8
I(A) 0 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,1
c tnh dng gii tch:
2
. . I aU bU = +
Bng cch coi c tnh gn ng i qua 2 im B(0,2 ; 0,01) v C(0,8 ; 0,1)
2
2
0, 2. 0, 2 . 0, 01 a = 0,025

b = 0,125
0,8. 0,8 . 0,1
a b
a b
+ =

+ =

2
0, 025. 0,125. I U U = +
K A
C s k thut in 2
14
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim v mch phi tuyn - Phn t phi tuyn.
II.1. Tuyn tnh ha.
II.2. Qun tnh ha phn t phi tuyn.
C s k thut in 2
II.1. Tuyn tnh v phi tuyn
15
H phng trnh vi
tch phn phi tuyn
H thng phi tuyn
(c tnh cc phn t phi
tuyn)
H thng phi tuyn nhiu nu trong phm vi lm vic, on c tnh trng thi khc xa
vi ng thng (hoc c tnh h s ng bin thin nhiu so vi gi tr hng (ngc li
ta c h thng phi tuyn t).
Trong 1 h thng, c tnh phi tuyn ca 1 phn t c th (hoc khng) quyt nh tnh
phi tuyn nhiu / t ca h thng.
Tuyn tnh ha:
c tnh phi tuyn: Coi on c tnh lm vic gn vi 1 on thng.
Phng trnh ton hc: Coi gn ng s hng phi tuyn trong phng trnh l tuyn
tnh hoc trit tiu s hng phi tuyn (phng trnh tuyn tnh suy bin)
C s k thut in 2
II.2. Qun tnh ha phn t phi tuyn
16
Tnh qun tnh ni ln tc th ca 1 qu trnh khi c s thay i trng thi.
Phn t c qun tnh l phn t c cc thng s phi tuyn theo gi tr hiu dng
v tuyn tnh theo gi tr tc thi
V d: Xt qu trnh nhit ca bp in, l nung cao tn
Phng php xt phn t phi tuyn c qun tnh c gi l phng php qun
tnh ha (phng php iu ha tng ng).
C s k thut in 2
17
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim v mch phi tuyn v phn t phi tuyn.
C s k thut in 2
III. Tnh cht ca mch phi tuyn
18
Khng c tnh cht ca mch tuyn tnh
Tnh cht tuyn tnh
Tnh cht xp chng
Tnh to tn
C nhiu tnh cht c bit khc
V d: Tnh cht a trng thi, tnh cht t dao ng phi tuyn, .
C s k thut in 2
19
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim v mch phi tuyn v phn t phi tuyn.
C s k thut in 2
IV. Cc phng php xt mch phi tuyn
20
Phng php gii tch:
Biu din c tnh phi tuyn bng nhng hm gii tch ph hp.
Tm nghim di dng cc chui hm.
V d: Phng php cn bng iu ha, phng php bin pha bin thin chm, phng
php tham s b
Phng php th:
S dng ng cong phi tuyn tm nghim di dng th.
Thng dng gii cc mch n gin (khng qu cp 2).
Phng php s:
S dng cc thut ton, chng trnh tnh nghim dng xp x, bng s
Cho php tnh nghim n chnh xc ty .
V d: Phng php d, phng php lp, phng php sai phn lin tip
C s k thut in 2
21
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nimchung.
II. Phng php th.
III. Phng php d.
IV. Phng php lp
Bi tp: 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18 + bi thm
C s k thut in 2
22
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nimchung.
II. Phng php th.
III. Phng php d.
IV. Phng php lp
C s k thut in 2
Chng 2: Ch xc lp hng trong mch phi tuyn
I. Khi nim chung
23
Xt mch phi tuyn c kch thch hng, vy p ng trong mch c 2 trng thi:
Dao ng chu k (t dao ng phi tuyn). Khng xt
Trng thi hng (dng).
=
=
=
) , ,... , (
...
) , ,... , (
) , ,... , (
2 1
.
2 1 2
.
2
2 1 1
.
1
t x x x f x
t x x x f x
t x x x f x
n n n
n
n
=
=
=
0 ) ,... , (
...
0 ) ,... , (
0 ) ,... , (
2 1
2 1 2
2 1 1
n n
n
n
x x x f
x x x f
x x x f
Ch dng
0 , 0 = =
dt
d
t
H phng trnh vi
tch phn phi tuyn
H phng trnh i
s phi tuyn
Mch phi tuyn ch xc lp hng l mch phi tuyn thun tr.
Phng php gii: Phng php th, phng php d, phng php lp.
C s k thut in 2
24
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nimchung.
II. Phng php th.
III. Phng php d.
IV. Phng php lp
C s k thut in 2
II. Phng php th
25
S dng cc php th gii h phng trnh i s phi tuyn.
Ni dung:
Biu din cc quan h hm di dng th
Thc hin cc php i s (cng, tr) cc quan h hm.
Thc hin php cn bng cc quan h hm.
u, nhc im:
Cho kt qu nhanh.
Sai s nghim ln.
Ch thc hin i vi cc bi ton n gin.
C s k thut in 2
II. Phng php th
26
V d 1: Cho mch phi tuyn ch xc lp hng. c tnh phi tuyn ca in tr
phi tuyn cho nh hnh v. Tm dng in, in p trn cc phn t.
R=10
E=30V
U(I)
V
A
4 3 2 1
0
40
30
20
10
Gii: Lp phng trnh mch: E = U
R
+ U(I) = R.I + U(I)
Phng php tr th:
1. E - R.I = U(I) 30 - 10I = U(I)
M
% 667 , 1 % 100 .
30
30 5 . 29
%
*
=
=
E
E E
c
2. im ct: M(0.85A ; 21V)
3. Sai s: E
*
= 0.85.10 + 21 = 29.5(V)
C s k thut in 2
II. Phng php th
27
R=10
E=30V
U(I)
V
A
4 3 2 1
0
40
30
20
10
Gii: Lp phng trnh mch: E = U
R
+ U(I) = R.I + U(I)
Phng php cng th:
N
Nhn xt:
Trong trng hp ny, phng php tr
th cho kt qu chnh xc hn phng php
cng th.
1. E = R.I + U(I) 30 = 10.I + U(I)
2. im ct: N(0.85A ; 30V)
V d 1: Cho mch phi tuyn ch xc lp hng. c tnh phi tuyn ca in tr
phi tuyn cho nh hnh v. Tm dng in, in p trn cc phn t.
C s k thut in 2
II. Phng php th
28
A
V
80 60 40 20
0
2
1.5
1
0.5
Lp phng trnh mch:
= =
= +
+ =
ab
ab
U U U
E U U
I I I
3 2
1
3 2 1
Cng dng: ) ( ) ( ) (
3 2 1 ab ab ab
U I U I U I + =
Cng p: ) ( ) (
1 1 1
I U I U E
ab
+ =
c kt qu:
1
1
1.15( )
61( )
17( )
ab
I A
U V
U V
=
2
3
0.9( )
0.25( )
I A
I A
=
E=80V
U
1
(I
1
)
U
2
(
I
2
)
U
3
(
I
3
)
B
A
Gii: Phng php cng th
V d 2: Cho mch phi tuyn ch xc lp hng. c tnh phi tuyn ca cc
in tr phi tuyn cho nh hnh v. Tm dng in, in p trn cc phn t.
C s k thut in 2
II. Phng php th
29
A
V
12 9 6 3
0
4
3
2
1
Gii:
U
2
(I
2
)
U
3
(I
3
)
Lp phng trnh mch:
1 2 3
1 AB
I I I
E RI U
= +
= +
Cng dng: ) ( ) ( ) (
3 2 1 ab ab ab
U I U I U I + =
Tr p:
1 1 1
( ) 12 3
ab
U I E RI I = =
c kt qu:
1
2, 5( )
4, 2( )
ab
I A
U V
=
2
3
2,1( )
0.25( )
I A
I A
=
V d 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v bit c tnh phi tuyn ca in tr phi tuyn

R
2
v R
3
cho nh hnh v. Tnh dng in cc nhnh theo phng php th
E=12V
U
2
(
I
2
)
U
3
(
I
3
)
B
A
1
3 R = O
U
AB
(I
1
)
12 - 3I
1
C s k thut in 2
30
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nimchung.
II. Phng php th.
III. Phng php d.
IV. Phng php lp
C s k thut in 2
1
1
1
( ).
k k
k k k n n
n n
k k
x x
x x f f
f f
= +

III. Phng php d
31
Thut ton:
u, nhc im:
Ph hp vi mch phc tp ni dng xu chui.
Tnh nhanh, cho php tnh n sai s nh ty .
C th s dng my tnh tnh nghim (s dng h chuyn gia).
c y
k
f
f f
.
c c s
= Cho x
k
n
Tnh kch thch
f
k
Nghim
ng
Sai
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php d
32
Cc bc d:
E=12V
U
2
(
I
2
)
U
3
(
I
3
)
B
A
O = 3
1
R
A
V
12 9 6 3
0
4
3
2
1
U
3
(I
3
)
15
Tra U
3
(I
3
)
Kt qu d:
n Uab I
2
I
3
I
1
E
tnh
= R
1
.I
1
+ U
ab
Sai s:
11,85 12
% 100% 1, 25%
12
c

= =
V d 1: Cho mch in bit c tnh phi tuyn ca in tr phi
tuyn R
2
v R
3
cho nh hnh v. Tnh dng in cc nhnh
theo d
Cho U
ab
Tnh I
1
= I
2
+ I
3
; E
tnh
= R
1
.I
1
+ U
ab
So snh E
tnh
v E
cho
= 12V
I
3
I
2
3V 1
1.95A 9.45V
2.15A 0.2A
4.5V
3 2.2A 11.85V
2.45A 0.25A
6V 2
2.45A
14.85V 2.95A 0.5A
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php d
33
V d 2: Cho mch in: R
1
= R
2
= 4, R
3
= 8, R
4
=
10, E = 15V. Tnh dng I
5
theo phng php d.
A
V
4 3 2 1
0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
U
5
(I
5
)
Tra U
5
(I
5
)
n I
5
U
5
I
4
I
3
U
3
U
AC
I
2
I
1
E
tnh
1 0.4 3 0.3 0.7 5.6 8.6 2.15 2.85 20V > 15V
2 0.2 2.5 0.25 0.45 3.6 6.1 1.53 1.98 14V < 15V
3 0.25 2.6 0.26 0.51 4.08 6.68 1.67 2.18 15.4V
E
B
A
R
1
R
5
R
2
R
3
R
4
Cch 1: D trc tip t s mch
C
Cho I
5
U
5
5
4
4
U
I
R
=
3 4 5
I I I = +
3 3 3
U I R =
3 5 AC
U U U = +
2
2
AC
U
I
R
=
1 2 3
I I I = +
1 1 tnh AC
E R I U = +
Sai s:
15.4 15
% 100% 2, 67%
15
c

= =
I
1
I
4
I
5
I
2
I
3
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php d
34
V d 2: Cho mch in: R
1
= R
2
= 4, R
3
= 8, R
4
= 10, E = 15V.
Tnh dng I
5
theo phng php d.
A
V
4 3 2 1
0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
U
5
(I
5
)
Kt qu d:
n I
5
U
5
E
tnh
1 0.4A 3V 5V > 3.75V
2 0.2A 2.5V 3.5V < 3.75V
3 0.25A 2.6V 3.85V > 3.75V
E
h
R
v
R
5
Cch 2:
( )
4 1 2 3
/ / / /
v
R R R R R = + (

5
v
R = O
4
3 4
3.75
h
A
E R V
R R
= =
+
1 2 3 4 1
1 1 1
6.75
A A
E
V
R R R R R

| |
+ + = =
|
+
\ .
Lp phng trnh:
5 5
( )
h v
E R I U I = +
Tra U
5
(I
5
)
Cho I
5
U
5
5 5 5
( )
tnh v
E R I U I = +
Bin i mch theo s Thevenil:
Sai s:
3.85 3.75
% 100% 2, 67%
3.75
c

= =
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php d
35
V d 3: Cho mch in bit J = 12A (1 chiu), E =
20V (1 chiu), R = 30. Mng 2 ca thun tr c b
s: A
11
= 1.1 ; A
12
= 20 ; A
21
= 0.5 ; A
22
= 10. Phn t
phi tuyn c c tnh cho theo bng:
Gii:
J
A
I
1A
U
1A
I
2A
U
2A
R
E
U(I)
I(A) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.2
U(V) 0 7 10 14 20 25
Tnh dng chy qua in tr phi
tuyn.
Bin i mng 2 ca + ngun dng s Thevenil
1
2 22
2 21
0
10
20
0.5
A
vao
A
I
U A
R
I A
=
= = = = O
2
1 1
2
21 21
0
12
24( )
0.5
th ho
I
I J
E U V
A A
=
= = = = =
E
th
R
E
U(I)
R
vao
24 20
20 30
22, 4( )
1 1 1 1
20 30
th
vao
TD
vao
E E
R R
E V
R R
+
+
= = =
+ +
. 20.30
12
20 30
th
TD
th
R R
R
R R
= = = O
+ +
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php d
36
Phng trnh d:
E
th
R
E
U(I)
R
vao
. ( )
TD TD
E R I U I = +
I(A) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.2
U(V) 0 7 10 14 20 25
I(A) R
TD
.I E
tnh
= R
TD
.I + U(I)
0.5 6 13V < 22.4V
1 12 22 < 22.4V
1.5 18 32 > 22.4V
22, 4( )
TD
E V =
12
TD
R = O
p dng cng thc ni suy tuyn tnh:
1.5 1
1.5 (22.4 32). 1.02( )
32 22
I A
= + =
Vy dng in chy qua in tr phi tuyn l: I = 1.02(A)

C s k thut in 2
37
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nimchung.
II. Phng php th.
III. Phng php d.
IV. Phng php lp.
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php lp
38
Ni dung phng php:
Biu din qu trnh mch Kirhoff theo phng trnh phi tuyn dng:
x = (x)
Cho mt gi tr ca x
0
tnh gi tr x
1
= (x
0
)
Thay gi tr x
1
tnh gi tr x
2
= (x
1
)
Qu trnh tnh lp dng khi x
n
- x
n-1
nh hn sai s cho trc.
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php lp
39
Ni dung phng php:
y
x
0
y
x
0
y
x
0
y = (x)
y
x
0
y = (x)
x = (x)
Nghim l honh giao im:
ng thng y = x
ng cong y = (x)
iu kin hi t : Trong min cc
gi tr lp x
k
, tr tuyt i dc
ng y = (x) nh hn dc
ng y = x.
|(x)| < 1
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php lp
40
Thut ton:
u, nhc im:
Cn kim tra iu kin hi t ca php lp.
Tnh nhanh, cho php tnh n sai s nh ty .
C th lp trnh cho my tnh tnh nghim t ng.
Cho x
k
Tnh
x
k+1
= (x
k
)
Nghim
x = x
k+1
ng
Sai
1
.
( ) ( )
( )
k k
y c
k
x x
x

c c
= s
x
k
= x
k+1
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php lp
41
V d: Cho mch in gm in dn tuyn tnh g = 0.2(Si) mc ni tip vi phn t
phi tuyn c c tnh u(i) = 2i
2
. Ngun cung cp mt chiu E = 10V. Dng phng
php lp tnh cc gi tr dng p trong mch.
Chn bin lp i: u = Ri + 2i
2
10 = 5i + 2i
2
i = - 0.4i
2
+ 2
Gii: Lp phng trnh mch: u = u(i) + u
g
Kt qu lp:
k i
k
i
k+1
= 2 0,4.i
k
2
|i
k
| = |i
k+1
- i
k
|
0 1(A) 1,6(A) 0,6(A)
1 1,6(A) 0,976(A) 0,624(A)
2 0,976(A) 1,619(A) 0,643(A)
3 1,619(A) 0,952(A) 0,667(A)
4 0,952(A)
Khng hi t
iu kin hi t:
0,8 1
d
i
dx
= <
0 1, 25 i < <
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php lp
42
V d: Cho mch in gm in dn tuyn tnh g = 0.2(Si) mc ni tip vi phn t
phi tuyn c c tnh u(i) = 2i
2
. Ngun cung cp mt chiu E = 10V. Dng phng
php lp tnh cc gi tr dng p trong mch.
Chn bin lp u
1
: u = u
1
+ 2i
2
10 = u
1
+ 2(u
1
/ R)
2
u
1
= 10 0,08. u
1
2
g
Kt qu lp:
k u
k
u
k+1
= 10 0,08.u
k
2
|u
k
| = |u
k+1
- u
k
|
0 6(V) 7,12(V) 1,12(V)
1 7,12(V) 5,945(V) 1,176(V)
2 5,945(V) 7,173(V) 1,228(V)
3 7,173(V) 5,884(V) 1,289(V)
4 5,884(V)
Khng hi t
iu kin hi t:
1
( )
0,16 1
d x
u
dx
= <
1
0 6, 25 u < <
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php lp
43
Chn bin lp u:
g
Kt qu lp:
Hi t
2
( )
2
2
u Ri u i
u
u i i
= +
= =
10 5 10 5
2 2
u u
u u = + =
k u
k
u
k+1
= 10 5.sqrt(u
k
/2) |u
k
| = |u
k+1
- u
k
|
0 3,2(V) 3,67(V) 0,47(V)
1 3,67(V) 3,23(V) 0,44(V)
2 3,23(V) 3,65(V) 0,42(V)
3 3,65(V) 3,24(V) 0,41(V)
4 3,24(V) 3,64(V) 0,40(V)
5 3,64(V) 3,25(V) 0,39(V)
6 3,25(V) 3,63(V) 0,38(V)
7 3,63(V) 3,26(V) 0,37(V)
C s k thut in 2
44
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
V. Phng php tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic.
Bi tp: 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16 + bi thm
C s k thut in 2
Chng 3 : Ch xc lp dao ng
trong mch phi tuyn
I. Khi nimchung
Xt mch phi tuyn lm vic ch dao ng xc lp:
Kch thch khng chu k t dao ng phi tuyn.
Kch thch chu k dao ng cng bc.
45
=
=
=
) , ,... , (
...
) , ,... , (
) , ,... , (
2 1
.
2 1 2
.
2
2 1 1
.
1
t x x x f x
t x x x f x
t x x x f x
n n n
n
n
H phng trnh vi
tch phn phi tuyn
Ch xc lp dao ng
H phng trnh vi
tch phn phi tuyn
.
1 1 1 2
.
2 2 1 2
.
1 2
( , ,... , )
( , ,... , )
...
( , ,... , )
n
n
n n n
x f x x x t
x f x x x t
x f x x x t
e
e
e
Phng php gii: th vi gi tr tc thi ; Cn bng iu ha ; iu ha tng

ng ; Phng php d ; Tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic.
C s k thut in 2
46
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
II. Phng php th vi gi tr tc thi
Ni dung: Thc hin bng th nhng php i s v gii tch (o hm, tch phn )
trn cc bin thi gian v nhng hm c tnh nhm gii h phng trnh vi tch phn phi
tuyn ca mch.
V d: Cho mch in gm 1 in tr R = 50 mc song song vi mt diode bit c
tnh V-A nh hnh v. Dng in i
AB
(t) = 0,2.sin1000t (A). V in p u
AB
(t)
47
A
B
u
R
(t)
u
d
(t)
i
AB
(t)
i
d
(t)
u(t)
5 10
i
AB
(t)
0.1
0.2
T/4 T/8 3T/8
T/2 3T/4 7T/8
5T/8
T/8
T/4
3T/8
T/2
5T/8
3T/4
7T/8
T
T
t
t
u
d
(t)
u
R
(t)
u
AB
(t)
i
AB
(t)
i
R
(t)
0.2
0.1
0
0
C s k thut in 2
48
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
III. Phng php cn bng iu ha
Phng php cn bng iu ha thng s dng xt :
Mch t dao ng xc lp (khng c kch thch chu k)
Mch dao ng phi tuyn kch thch chu k.
49
1 1
( ) .cos .sin
n n
k k
x t A k t B k t e e = +

Ni dung:
Xt h phi tuyn c kch thch chu k vi tn s c bn m t bi h vi phn :
f(x, x, x, , t) = 0
Ch : Cn vn dng cc tnh cht ca mch (mch thun tr, thun khng )
n gin ha vic t nghim.
t nghim cn tm dng cc hm iu ha bi (n cp cn thit) ca :
Thay nghim x(t) vo phng trnh mch v p dng nguyn tc cn bng iu ha
tnh cc gi tr bin hiu dng A
k
, B
k
.
C s k thut in 2
t nghim:
trong mch phi tuyn
V d 1: in cm c c tnh phi tuyn (i) = 2.i 3,75.i
3
. Dng
phng php cn bng iu ha tnh iu ha bc 1 v bc 3 ca
p u(t) nu bit dng i(t) = 0,5sin314t (A)
50
2
( ) . ( ) . . ( ) 100 2 ' 11, 25 '(*)
d i
u t Ri t Ri u t i i i i
dt i t
c c
= + = + = +
c c
Gii:
Lp pt mch:
(i)
u(t)
R = 100
2 2 2
2
( ) 0, 5sin314 ( ) ' 157cos(314 )( )
' 0, 25.157sin 314 . os314 39, 25(1 os 314 ) os314
' 9,8125cos314 9,8125cos942
i t t A i t A
i i t c t c t c t
i i t t
= =
= =
=
( ) Asin314 cos314 sin942 cos942 u t t B t C t D t = + + +
Thay vo phng trnh (*):
50sin314 203,58cos314 110,39cos942 VP t t t = + +
50
203, 58
0
110, 39
A
B
C
D
=
Vy nghim:
( ) 50sin314 203,58cos314 110,39cos942 ( ) u t t t t V = + +
C s k thut in 2
t nghim: i(t) = A
m
sint + B
m
cost
trong mch phi tuyn
V d 2: Xt mch in ni tip bi cun dy tuyn tnh L
1
= 0,5H
v mt cun dy phi tuyn c c tnh (i) = a.i b.i
3
=0,5.i
0,01.i
3
vi -4A < I < 4A. Cho u(t) = 300.cos314t (V). Tm hm
iu ha c bn ca dng in xc lp trong mch.
51
L
1
(i)
u(t)
1 2
'
1
' 2 ' ' 2 '
1
( ) ( ) ( ) . . ( )
. ( 3. . ). ( ) 0, 03. . 300.cos
L L
i
u t u t u t L i u t
i t
L i a bi i u t i i i t
e
c c
+ = + =
c c
+ = =
Gii:
Lp phng trnh vi tch phn ca mch:
Thun cm
i = .I
m
.cost i
2
.i
= .I
m
3
.sin
2
(t).cos(t) = 0,5.I
m
3
.sin(2t).sin(t)
i
2
= I
m
2
.sin
2
t i
2
.i
= 0,25.I
m
3
.[cos(t) - cos(3t)]
i(t) = A
m
sint
C s k thut in 2
Thay vo phng trnh:
.I
m
.cost 0,03.0,25.I
m
3
.[cos(t) - cos(3t)] = 300.cos(t)
trong mch phi tuyn
52
L
1
(i)
u(t)
Gii:
Cn bng iu ha cng cp:
.I
m
0,0075..I
m
3
= 300
3,26. I
m
3
314.I
m
+ 300 = 0
Gii phng trnh ta c: I
1m
= 0,96 (A) ; I
2m
= 11 (A) ; I
3m
= 12 (A)
Vy dng in trong mch l:
i(t) = 0,96.sin(314t) (A)
C s k thut in 2
53
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
IV. Phng php iu ha tng ng
Phng php iu ha tng ng dng gii bi ton phn t phi tuyn c
qun tnh:
Vi tr tc thi ~ c th coi phn t phi tuyn c qun tnh nh phn t tuyn tnh.
Vi kch thch iu ha p ng rt gn vi iu ha.
B qua hin tng to tn s c th lp phng trnh phc vi tr hiu dng.
54
C (i)
u(t) = U
m
sin(t)
. . .
L C
L C
U U U
U U U
= +
=
.
L
U
.
C
U
.
I
1. Phng php th vi tr hiu dng:
V d 1: Xt mch thun khng gm t in C mc ni tip vi mt cun dy phi tuyn c
qun tnh cung cp bng 1 ngun p iu ha.
Phng trnh mch:
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
T phng trnh, ta c th dng ch N.
55
C (i)
u(t) = U
m
sin(t)
U
I
4 3 2 1
0
40
30
20
10
C
L phi tuyn
. . .
L C
L C
U U U
U U U
= +
=
c
a
b
Hin tng trig dng (a trng thi dng):
Tng p lin tc t 0 :
Dng tng t im 0 a.
Dng nhy t a c.
Dng tng lin tc t c .
Gim p lin tc t 0:
Dng gim t c b.
Dng nhy t b ~ 0 (do c in p ri
trn in tr ca cun dy).
Tnh cht:
a trng thi v dng in: mt gi tr p c 2 - 3 trng thi dng.
Tn ti 2 trng thi n nh ca p: 1 khi p tng, 1 khi p gim.
Tng (gim) dng lin tc t 0 ( 0): Ta thu c ton b c tnh ch N.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
V d 2: Xt mch thun khng gm t C mc song song vi
mt cun dy phi tuyn c qun tnh.
Phng trnh mch:
56
. . .
; L C
L C
I I I I I I = + =
.
C I
.
L
I
.
U
C
(i)
U
I
4 3 2 1
0
40
30
20
10
C
L phi tuyn
c
a
b
Hin tng trig p (a trng thi p):
Tng dng lin tc t 0 :
p tng t im 0 a.
p nhy t a c.
p tng lin tc t c .
Gim dng lin tc t 0:
p gim t c b.
p nhy t b ~ 0.
Tng (gim) p lin tc t 0 ( 0):
Ta thu c ton b c tnh.
Tnh cht:
a trng thi v in p.
Tn ti 2 trng thi n nh ca dng.
.
C
I
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
2. Phng php d phc:
Ni dung:
Thut ton d ging vi php d xt.
Thc hin php d vi cc i lng phc.
57
Sai
Nghim
ng
Cho
.
k
n
X
Tnh kch thch
.
k
F
.
.
. .
k
y c
F F
F
c c
= s
Ch : Trong phng php d phc, ni chung gc pha ca cc i lng phc c
hiu chnh sau khi d.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
2. Phng php d phc:
V d 1: Cho mch in, bit phn t phi tuyn c qun tnh c c tnh nh
hnh v. Bit , t in tuyn tnh C = 20F.
Tm in p trn cc phn t.
Gii:
58
A
V
12 9 6 3
0
4
3
2
1
U
R
(I
R
)
15
. . .
. . .
2 2
AB
R L
C R L
C R L
U U U
I I I
I I I
= =
= +
= +
.
AB U
.
R
I
.
L
I
.
0
0 ( ) AB
AB
U U V =
Tra th
.
0
.
0
0 ( )
90 ( )
R R
L L
I I A
I I A
2 2
.
0
:
C R L
C C
L
R
I I I
I I
I
arctg
I
= +
=

=
. .
. . .
1
.
. .
C
C
AB
C
U I
j C
U U U
e
= +
So snh
.
0
130 30 tinh U =
A
B
u(t)
U
L
(I) U
R
(I)
C
3 0
( ) 130 2sin(10 30 )( ) u t t V = +
Cc bc d:
Cho
Tnh Tnh
Lp phng trnh mch:
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
2. Phng php d phc:
Bng kt qu d:
59
A
V
12 9 6 3
0
4
3
2
1
U
R
(I
R
)
15
A
B
u(t)
U
L
(I)
U
R
(I)
C
n U
AB
(V) I
L
(A) I
R
(A) So snh
1
2
3
.
( ) tinh U V
.
( ) C U V
.
( ) C I A
2, 35 77, 74 117, 5 167, 74 111, 64 167, 09
3, 28 52, 43
164 142, 43
156, 97 140, 43
2, 69 68, 2
134, 5 158, 2
127, 59 156, 93
6 0
9 0
7, 5 0
2, 3 90
2, 6 90
2, 5 90
0, 5 0
2 0
1 0
127, 59 130
% 1,85%
130
tinh cho
cho
U U
U
c

= = =
Hiu chnh gc pha:
.
130 30( ) U V =
.
.
7, 5 186, 93( )
134, 5 28, 73( )
AB
C
U V
U V
. .
2, 5 96, 93( ) ; 1 186, 93( ) R
L
I A I A = =
.
2, 69 118, 73( )
C
I A =
130V <
130V >
~130V
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
2. Phng php d phc:
V d 2: Cho mch in, bit ngun iu ha E
1
= 20V, = 5 rad/s,
R
1
= 20, R
2
= 10, Z
C
= -j10. Cun dy phi tuyn c c tnh phi
tuyn theo tr hiu dng cho theo bng. Tnh cng sut pht ca
ngun v cng sut tiu tn trn R
1
, R
2.
60
.
0
0 L
L
I I =
Cc bc d:
Cho
Gii:
.
0
90
L
U I
I
e =
0 0.6 0.9 1.4 2
I(A) 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
.
0
2
2
0
R
L
U R I =
. . .
2 C R L
U U U = +
.
.
C
C
C
U
I
Z
=
. . .
1 2 R R C I I I = +
. . .
1 1
1
. R C
E R I U = + tnh
Bng kt qu d:
n
.
L I
.
L
U
.
2 R
U
.
C
U
.
C I
.
1 R I
.
1 E tnh
0
0.5 0
0
4.5 90
0
5 0
0
6.73 41.99
0
0.67131.99
0
0.584.06
0
15.7167.39
0
0.75 0
0
7 90
0
7.5 0
0
10.26 43.03
0
1.03133.03
0
0.7586.41
0
23.56 69.01
2
1
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
2. Phng php d phc:
.
61
p dng cng thc ni suy tuyn tnh:
Gii:
Bng kt qu d:
n
1
2
.
L I
.
L
U
.
2 R
U
.
C
U
.
C I
.
1 R I
.
1 E tnh
0
0.5 0
0
4.5 90
0
5 0
0
6.73 41.99
0
0.67131.99
0
0.584.06
0
15.7167.39
0
0.75 0
0
7 90
0
7.5 0
0
10.26 43.03
0
1.03133.03
0
0.7586.41
0
23.56 69.01
( )
0,5 0,75
0,5 20 15, 71 0, 64
15,71 23,56
L
I

= + =
( )
7 4,5
4,5 0,64 0,5 5,9
0,75 0,5
L
U

= + =
;
0
0.64 0
0
5.9 90
0
6.4 0
0
8.7 42.67
0
0.87132.67
0
0.64 85.53
0
20.1168.41 3
Cng sut pht ca ngun:
1
* 0 0
1 1
Re( . ) 20,11 68, 41 .0,64 85,53 12,30( )
E R
P E I W = = =
Cng sut tiu tn trn in tr:
1 1
2
2
1
20.0,64 8,19( )
R R
P R I W = = =
2
2
2
2
10.0,64 4,10( )
L
R R
P R I W = = =
1
1
1
( ).
k k
k k k n n
n n
k k
x x
x x f f
f f
= +
C s k thut in 2
62
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
V. Phng php tuyn tnh ha quanh imlmvic
1. Khi nim:
Phng php tuyn tnh ha l phng php tm cch thay th c tnh phi tuyn ca mt
phn t phi tuyn bng mt hay nhiu on thng tuyn tnh (phn t tuyn tnh):
Tuyn tnh ha on c tnh lm vic.
Tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic.
63
i
u(i)
i
1
i
2
i
5
i
4
i
3
0
Qu trnh tuyn tnh on c tnh lm vic phi m bo sai s
gia ng cong phi tuyn v ng thng tuyn tnh lun nh
hn sai s yu cu:
k

y.c
k
Sau khi tuyn tnh ha, trong mi khong tuyn tnh ha hoc
ti mi v tr im lm vic M, mch phi tuyn c xt nh
mt mch tuyn tnh.
i
u(i)
I
0
M
U
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
2. Ni dung:
Phng php tuyn tnh ha quanh im lm vic thng c s dng gii mch phi
tuyn c ngun kch thch chu k (1 chiu + xoay chiu iu ha cc tn s) trong
thnh phn 1 chiu c bin ln hn nhiu so vi thnh phn iu ha.
64
Xt thnh phn iu ha:
Xt thnh phn 1 chiu : Tm im lm vic ca mch.
Gy ra dao ng nh xung quanh im lm vic.
Thay th phn t phi tuyn bng h s ng K
d
.
Xt v gii mch tuyn tnh.
Tng hp nghim.
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
V d 1: Cho mch in bit . in tr phi tuyn c c tnh U(I) nh hnh
v. Tnh dng in qua nhnh khng ngun.
65
A
B
e
1
(t)
25V
10mH
U(I)
20F
3
1
( ) 2sin10 . ( ) e t t V =
V
A
0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1
0
40
30
20
10
Gii:
Xt thnh phn 1 chiu: U(I) = 25V dng phng php th xc
nh c im lm vic M(0,14A ; 25V).
M
Xt thnh phn xoay chiu:
Bin ngun xoay chiu nh hn nhiu so vi
ngun 1 chiu dng phng php tuyn tnh
ha quanh im lm vic.
K tip tuyn ca c tnh ti im lm vic M
Thay in tr phi tuyn bng h s ng R
d
27 22
46
0, 2 0, 09
d
U
R
I
A
= = ~ O
A
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
66
A
B
e
1
(t)
10mH
R
d
20F
Gii:
Tnh dng in trong cc nhnh
.
0
.
1
. . . . .
10
0, 0013 *0, 0247( )
.
2, 0758 *40, 4513
0, 0051 *0, 0014( ) ; 0, 0063 *0, 0233( )
C
d L
C
d L
L
R C L C R
L
E
I j A
R Z
j
Z
R Z
Z
I I j A I I I j A
R Z
= = = +
+
+
= = + = = +
+
Tng hp nghim:
3 0
0 1
( ) ( ) 0,14 0, 0052. 2.sin(10 165 )( )
R
i t i i t t A = + = + +
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
67
1
( ) 50 2sin5. ( ) e t t V = +
Gii:
Xt thnh phn 1 chiu: E
10
= 50V
V d 2: Cho mch in bit , R
1
=
10, R
2
= 15, L = 0.1H, t in phi tuyn C
x
c c
tnh q = 10
-3
u + 10
-5
u
3
. Tnh cng sut trn R
1
, R
2
.
10
1
1 2
50
2( )
25
E
I A
R R
= = =
+
im lm vic ca C
x
:
2
2 1
30( )
C R
U U R I V = = =
Tuyn tnh ha t phi tuyn bng h s ng:
3 5 2
30
'( ) 10 10 .3 0,028( )
d
u
C q u u F

=
= = + =
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
68
Gii:
1 1
.5.0,1 0,5 ; 7,14
5.0, 028
d
L C
Z j L j j Z j j j
C
e
e
= = = O = = = O
( )
1 2
/ / 14.12 24.61
d
td C L
Z R Z R Z
(
= + + = O

11
1
0,1 24, 61
R
td
E
I A
Z
= =
2 1
2
0, 044 41,51
d
d
C
R R
C L
Z
I I A
Z R Z
= =
+ +
1
2 2
10.2 10.0,1 40,10( )
R
P W = + =
2
2 2
15.2 15.0,044 60,03( )
R
P W = + =
1
( ) 50 2sin5. ( ) e t t V = + V d 2: Cho mch in bit , R
1
=
10, R
2
= 15, L = 0.1H, t in phi tuyn C
x
c c
tnh q = 10
-3
u + 10
-5
u
3
. Tnh cng sut trn R
1
, R
2
.
11
2 0 E V =
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
69
2
( ) 2 2sin1000 ( ) e t t V =
Gii:
Xt thnh phn 1 chiu:
V d 3: Cho mch phi tuyn ch xc lp iu ha. Bit E
1
=
15V (1 chiu), C = 20F, L = 20mH, , in
tr phi tuyn c c tnh cho trong bng. Tnh p u
C
(t) v cng sut
ca ngun.
on cha im lm vic: (0.4A; 13.5V) (1.6A; 16.5V)
E
1
C
e
2
(t)
R
1
R
2
L
I(A) 0 0.4 1.6 2 2.5 3
U(V) 0 13.5 16.5 20 22 23
1.6 0.4
1.6 (15 16.5). 1( )
16.5 13.5
I A
= + =
im lm vic: (1A; 15V)

Tuyn tnh ha in tr phi tuyn bng h s ng:
16.5 13.5
2.5
1.6 0.4
d
U
R
I
A
= = = O
A
C s k thut in 2
trong mch phi tuyn
70
2
( ) 2 2sin1000 ( ) e t t V =
Gii:
V d 3: Cho mch phi tuyn ch xc lp iu ha. Bit E
1
=
15V (1 chiu), C = 20F, L = 20mH, , in
tr phi tuyn c c tnh cho trong bng. Tnh p u
C
(t) v cng sut
ca ngun.
E
1
C
e
2
(t)
R
1
R
2
L
I(A) 0 0.4 1.6 2 2.5 3
U(V) 0 13.5 16.5 20 22 23
Cng sut ngun 1 chiu:
P
E1
= 15.1 = 15W
.
2
.
0.2493 85.7212
1 1 1
L
C
d C L
E
Z
U
R Z Z
= =
+ +
Vy p u
C
(t) l:
( ) 0.2493 2.sin(1000. 85.7212)( )
C
u t t V =
.
.
2
0.1 82.8678
( / / )
L
L d C
E
I
Z R Z
= =
+
Cng sut ngun xoay chiu:
*
. .
2
2
Re( . ) 0.0249( ) L
E
P E I W = =
C s k thut in 2
71
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
Bi tp: 2, 3, 7, 13 + bi thm.
C s k thut in 2
Chng 4 : Qu trnh qu trong mch phi tuyn
I. Khi nimchung
72
Mch phi tuyn
(quy lut, tnh cht)
H phng trnh vi tch
phn phi tuyn
Lut
Mch phi tuyn c m t bi nhng h phng trnh vi tch phn phi tuyn trong min thi gian.
Qu trnh qu ca h thng nghim ng h phng trnh mi, khi u t thi im t = 0
+
.
t = t
0
:
Thay i kt cu
thng s ca mch
Mch phi tuyn mi
(Quy lut, tnh cht mi)
H phng trnh vi tch
phn phi tuyn mi
Lut
K
K
ng tc ng m kt thc mt qu trnh c v khi u mt qu trnh qu hin hnh.
t
Qu trnh c Qu trnh mi
0
- +
Qu trnh qu
Qu trnh mi
xc lp Thi gian qu
C s k thut in 2
73
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
II. Phng php thams b (nhiu lon).
74
Ni dung: c s dng gii cc bi ton qu ca mch phi tuyn (tnh phi tuyn
t) c phng trnh m t dng:
f(x, x, x, , t) = .(x, x, ) (*)
trong : f(x, x, x, ) l nhng s hng tuyn tnh.
.(x, x, ) l s hng phi tuyn (t nh so vi s hng tuyn tnh).
Phng php:
Tm nghim ca phng trnh tuyn tnh ct yu: f(x, x, x, , t) = 0 x
0
(t).
t nghim ca phng trnh (*) di dng cc hm hiu chnh (s hm hiu chnh
c t ty theo chnh xc yu cu):
x(t) = x
0
(t) + .x
1
(t) +
2
.x
2
(t) +
Thay vo phng trnh (*) v cn bng theo bc ca tm cc hm hiu chnh.
C s k thut in 2
75
V d 1: Dng phng php nhiu lon tnh dng qu vi 1 hm hiu
chnh trong cun dy li thp ng vo ngun p E = 24V, bit c tnh
cun dy: (i) = 2.i 3,75.i
3
, R = 50.
E = 24V
(i)
R=50
2
50. . 24 2. ' 50. 24 11, 25. . ' (*) ( 11, 25)
i
i i i i i
i t

c c
+ = + = =
c c
Lp phng trnh mch:
t nghim gn ng vi 1 hm hiu chnh: i(t) = i
0
(t) + .i
1
(t)
' '
0 1
2 2 2 2
0 1 0 1
' .
. 2. . .
i i i
i i i i i

= +
= + +
Thay vo (*):
' ' 2 2 2 ' '
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
' ' 2 ' 2 3
0 0 1 1 0 0
2. 2. . 50. 50. . 24 .( . 2. . . )( . )
(2. 50. 24) .(2. 50. . ) .(...) .(...) 0
i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i

+ + + = + + +
+ + + + + =
Cn bng theo bc ca :
'
0 0
2. 50. 24 0 i i + =
bc 1:
' 2 '
1 1 0 0
2. 50. . 0 i i i i + =
bc 0 (phng trnh tuyn tnh suy bin)
Gii:
C s k thut in 2
76
E = 24V
(i)
R=50
Xt phng trnh tuyn tnh suy bin:
S kin: i(0) = 0; Nghim xc lp: i = 24/50 = 0,48(A)
2 2 . 2. .
0 0
' .
0
.(1 2. )
. .
t t
t
o
i I e e
i I e
o o
o
o

= +
=
Tra bng nh - Gc (dng cng thc Hevixaide):
'
0 0
2. 50. 24 0 i i + =
' 2 '
1 1 0 0
2. 50. . 0 i i i i + =
Phng trnh c trng: 2.p + 50 = 0 p = -25
Nghim l : i
0
(t) = 0,48.(1 e
-25.t
) (A) = I
0
.(1 e
-.t
) (A)
Xt phng trnh bc 1:
Thay vo ta c:
' 3 . 2. . 3. .
1 1 0
2. 50. . .( 2. )
t t t
i i I e e e
o o o
o

+ = +
Chuyn sang min nh Laplace:
3
1 0
1 2 1
2( ). ( ) . .( )
2. 3.
p I p I
p p p
o o
o o o
+ = +
+ + +
3
0
1
2
. 1 2 1
( ) .
2 ( ) ( 2. ).( ) ( 3. ).( )
I
I p
p p p p p
o
o o o o o
(
= +
(
+ + + + +

25. 50. 75.
1
( ) 0, 0555. (25. 1, 5). 2. 0, 5.
t t t
i t t e e e

( = +

Vy nghim ca bi ton l:
25. 25. 50. 75.
( ) 0, 48.(1 ) 0, 625. (25. 1, 5). 2. 0, 5.
t t t t
i t e t e e e

( = + +

C s k thut in 2
77
V d 2: Dng phng php nhiu vi 1 hm hiu chnh tnh qu trnh
in tch khi 1 t phi tuyn phng in qua 1 in tr R. Bit s kin
q(0) = Q v c tnh phi tuyn ca t u
C
(q) =q.1/C
0
+ q
3
(>0)
3
0
1
' 0 q q Rq
C
o + + = Lp phng trnh: u
C
+ u
R
= 0
t nghim vi 1 hm hiu chnh: q(t) = q
0
(t) + .q
1
(t)
' '
0 1
' . q q q = +
Thay vo (*):
( ) ( ) ( )
3
' '
0 1 0 1 0 1
0
1
R q q q q q q
C
+ + + = +
Cn bng theo bc ca :
'
0 0
0
1
2. . 0 q q
C
+ =
bc 1:
' 3
1 1 0
0
1
. R q q q
C
+ =
bc 0 (phng trnh tuyn tnh suy bin):
C
R
Gii:
3 3
0
1
' (*) Rq q q q
C
o + = =
C s k thut in 2
78
V d 2: Dng phng php nhiu vi 1 hm hiu chnh tnh qu trnh
in tch khi 1 t phi tuyn phng in qua 1 in tr R. Bit s kin
q(0) = Q v c tnh phi tuyn ca t u
C
(q) =q.1/C
0
+ q
3
(>0)
Xt phng trnh tuyn tnh suy bin:
Phng trnh c trng:
0 0
1 1
0 Rp p
C RC
| + = = =
Xt phng trnh bc 1:
'
0 0
0
1
2 0 q q
C
+ =
C
R
Gii:
0
t
q Ae
|
=
td
Nghim qu :
0 0 0
t
q q q Ae
|
= + =
qd xl td
S kin
q(0) = Q
0
0 0
.
t
q Q e
|
=
qd
3
' 3
0
1 1
t
Q
q q e
R
|
|

+ =
3
0
1
1
( ) ( )
3
Q
p Q p
R p
|
|
+ =
+
3
0
1
( )
( 3 )( )
Q
Q p
R p p | |
=
+ +
Laplace
Hevixaide
( )
3
3
0
1
( )
2
t t
Q
q t e e
R
| |
|

=
3 3
' '
0 0 0 0
0 1 0
' .
2 2
t t t
C Q C Q
q q q Q e e e
| | |
o o

= + = +
C s k thut in 2
79
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
III. Phng php sai phn lin tip
80
L phng php gn ng tnh bng s dng sai phn ha gii bi ton vi tch phn thi
gian ca cc h thng phi tuyn v tuyn tnh.
Chia trc thi gian t thnh nhng bc h = t.
t
0
= 0 ; t
1
= t ; t
2
= 2.t ; ; t
k
= k.t
t t
Sai phn ha:
1 k k
x x dx x
dt t h
+
A
~ =
A
2
2 1
2 2
2.
k k k
x x x d x
dt h
+ +
+
~
Sai phn ha h phng trnh mch bng nhng biu thc sai phn thu c mt h
sai phn lin h tr x
k
cc bc thi gian lin tip bit x
k
tnh c gi tr x
k+1
Sai phn ha l thay th gn ng nhng vi phn ca bin thi gian t ca n x bng nhng vi
phn ca chng.
Phng php sai phn lin tip chuyn h phng trnh vi phn thnh h sai phn gn ng v
dng phng php s tm dn tng bc nghim gn ng:
C s k thut in 2
IV. Phng php sai phn lin tip
81
V d 1: Dng phng php sai phn tnh dng qu khi ng mch vo
mt cun dy c c tnh (i) = 1,75i 2,8.i
3
, R = 60, vo ngun hng E
= 24V.
2
60. . 24 60. (1, 75 8, 4. ). ' 24
i
i i i i
i t
c c
+ = + =
c c
1
2
(24 60. ).
1, 75 8, 4.
k
k k
k
i h
i i
i
+

= +
E = 24V
(i)
R=60
Lp phng trnh mch:
Sai phn ha phng trnh mch:
2
1
60. (1, 75 8, 4. ). 24
k k
k k
i i
i i
h
+

+ =
Tnh bc sai phn: Xt phng trnh tuyn tnh suy bin:
1 1
1, 75. ' 60 24 1, 75. 60 0 34, 3 0, 03 .3. 10
| | 10
i i p p s h ms
p
t t + = + = = = = = ~
24
0, 4( )
60
xl
i A = = Nghim xc lp:
Bng kt qu:
t(ms) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
i(A) 0 0,14 0,24 0,32 0,37 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4
C s k thut in 2
82
V d 2: Cho mch in, bit R1 = 30, R2 = 40, C = 100F, E
= 40V, cun dy phi tuyn c c tnh (i) = 1,75i 2,8.i
3
. Tnh
10 gi tr u tin ca dng qu trn t C (cho h = 10ms)
Gii:
Bin i mch:
o hm 2 v ca phng trnh:
1 2
12
1 2
17,14
R R
R
R R
= = O
+
12 2
1 2
22,86
E
E R V
R R
= =
+
Lp phng trnh mch:
12 12 R L C
u u u E + + =
( )
2
12 12 12
1 1
. 1, 75 8, 4
di di
R i idt R i i idt E
i dt C dt C
c+
+ + = + + =
c
} }
0 ' ' ) 4 , 8 75 , 1 ( ) ' ( 8 , 16 '
2 2
12
= + +
C
i
i i i i i R
0
10
' ' ) 4 , 8 75 , 1 ( ) ' ( 8 , 16 ' 14 , 17
4
2 2
= + +

i
i i i i i
C s k thut in 2
83
3
. Tnh
Gii:
Sai phn ha:
Tnh s kin: i
0
= i(0) = 0 ; u
C
(0) = 0
0
10
2
) 4 , 8 75 , 1 ( ) ( 8 , 16 14 , 17
4 2
1 2
2 2
1 1
= +
+
+
+ + + + k k k k
k
k k
k
k k
i
h
i i i
i
h
i i
i
h
i i
) 4 , 8 75 , 1 ( 10
) ( 10 . 8 , 16 ) ( 10 . 14 , 17
2
2 4
2
1
4
1
4 2
1 2
k
k k k k k k
k k k
i
i i i i i h i h
i i i
+
=

+
+ +
) 0 ( ' ) 0 (
) 0 (
) 0 ( '
1
1 0 1
hi i i
h
i i
h
i i
i + =
~
2
17,14 (0) [1, 75 8, 4 (0)] '(0) (0) 22,86
C
i i i u + + =
Phng trnh mch ch mi:
( )
2
12 12
1, 75 8, 4 '( ) ( )
C
R i i i t u t E + + =
'(0) 13, 06( / ) i A s =
1
(0) '(0) 13.06 i i hi h = + =
C s k thut in 2
84
3
. Tnh
Gii:
Phng trnh sai phn:
t(ms)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
i(A)
0 0,0131 0,0260 0,0387 0,0513 0,0635 0,0754 0,0869 0,0979 0,1084
) 4 , 8 75 , 1 ( 10
) ( 10 . 8 , 16 ) ( 10 . 14 , 17
2
2 4
2
1
4
1
4 2
1 2
k
k k k k k k
k k k
i
i i i i i h i h
i i i
+
=

+
+ +
0
1
0
13.06
i
i h
=
=
Bng kt qu:
C s k thut in 2
85
C S K THUT IN 2
I. Khi nim chung.
C s k thut in 2
V. Phng php bin pha bin thin chm
86
Ni dung:
Phng php bin pha bin thin chm (phng php bin thin h s tch phn)
thng c dng xt bi ton mch phi tuyn Kirhoff cp 2 vi ch t dao
ng phi tuyn:
0 0 0
( ) ( ). os[ ( )] ( ).cos ( )sin x t A t c t t B t t C t t e u e e = + = +
Vi nhng dao ng gn vi iu ha, cc cp A(t), (t) hay B(t), C(t) s bin thin
chm: v nh gia tc v ly tha ca tc rt nh, c
th b qua.
.
( )
( )
dA t
A t
dt
=
.
( )
( )
d t
t
dt
u
u =
.. .
2
0
. . ( , ) 0 x x f x x e + =
Nghim ca phng trnh xt c tnh dao ng, nhng do tnh cht phi tuyn nn
dao ng rt gn vi iu ha c biu din ton hc bng cc hm iu ha c
bin v gc pha bin thin.
C s k thut in 2
87
Ni dung:
Do nghim ca bi ton rt gn vi iu ha c th coi nghim x(t) chuyn dn t
nghim dao ng iu ha x
0
(t) ca phng trnh dao ng tuyn tnh suy bin:
x
0
(t) = A
0
.cos(
0
t +
0
)
. .
0 0 0
0 0
( ) ( ) .cos ( ) ( ).cos ( )
t t
x t A A t dt t t dt A t t e u u
( (
= + + + =
( (

} }
. . .
0
.cos .( ).sin x A A e u = +
B qua nhng s
hng nh
.
0
. .sin x A e ~
.. .. . . .. . . .
2
0 0 0
.cos .( ).sin . .sin ( ). .sin ( ) . .cos x A A A A A e u u e u e u = + + +
.. . .
2
0 0 0
2. . .sin ( 2. . ). .cos x A A e e e u ~ +
B qua nhng s
hng nh
Nghim x(t) ca bi ton s c dng:
Vy ta c:
C s k thut in 2
88
V d: Cho phng trnh Vanderpol (*)
S kin x(0) = X
0
v
Phn tch phng trnh:
.
(0) 0 x =
.. .
2
.(1 ). 0 x x x x + + =
.. .
2
.(1 ). 0 x x x x + + =
tuyn tnh phi tuyn
Xt phng trnh tuyn tnh: a thc c trng p
2
+ 1 = 0 p = j
..
0 x x + =
Nghim: x
0
(t) = A
0
.cos(t +
0
) dx
0
/dt = -A
0
.sin(t +
0
)
Xt ti t = 0: x
0
(t) = X
0
.cos(t)
0 0 0
0 0
.cos
0 .sin
X A
A
Nghim ca phng trnh (*) l:

. .
0
0 0
( ) .cos ( ).cos ( )
t t
x t X Adt t dt A t t u
( (
= + + =
( (

} }
C s k thut in 2
89
V d:
Thay vo phng trnh (*):
. .
2 2
2. .sin (1 2. ). . os . os .(1 .cos ). .sin 0 A Ac Ac A A u + + + + =
3 3
. .
. .
2. .sin 2. . . os . .sin sin .sin 2
4 4
A A
A Ac A

u = + +
Bin i lng gic:
Cn bng cc iu ha cng cp:
3
3 .
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
2. .
2 4
4
2. . 0
0 do A 0
A
A
A A
A A
A
u
u
| |
=
=
|

\ .

=
= =
3
0
0
1 .
( ) . cos
2 4
t
A
x t X A dt t

(
| |
=
( |
\ .

}
Vy nghim l:
C s k thut in 2
90
C S K THUT IN 2
Chng 5: L thuyt v mch c thng s di - ng dy di
u tuyn tnh
Bi tp: 1 - 7, 10, 11, 19 - 24 + Bi thm.
C s k thut in 2
91
C S K THUT IN 2
u tuyn tnh
C s k thut in 2
Chng 5 : L thuyt v mch c thng s ri
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
I. M hnh ng dy di u
92
6000( )
c
km
f
= =
Thit b in
M hnh trng M hnh h thng
u(t), i(t), p(t)
M hnh
trng in t
M hnh
ng dy di
E(x, y, z, t), H(x,y,z,t)
H phng trnh Macxuel
u(x, t), i(x, t)
H phng trnh Kirhoff
M hnh ng dy di m t nhng ng dy trn khng, cp c chiu di so c vi
di sng hoc di xung: l ~ 1/10 bc sng.
Thi gian truyn sng in t dc ng dy ln qu trnh dng in, in p hai
u dy sai khc r rt.
Khng th m t s phn b dng, p lin tc dc ng dy bng mt vi phn t mch.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
I. M hnh ng dy di u
93
Trong m hnh ng dy di: Bin u(x, t), i(x, t) phn b, truyn dc ng dy.
i(x, t) i + di
dx
u(x, t)
- du
- di
x
u + du
Rdx
Ldx
Gdx
Cdx
Lut Kirhoff 1: -di(x, t) = i(x, t) i(x+dx, t) = di
C
(x, t) + di
g
(x, t)
( , )
( , ) . ( , ). ( , )
g C
u x t
di x t Gu x t dx di x t C dx
t
c
= =
c
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
i x t u x t
C Gu x t
x t
c c
= +
c c
Xt nguyn t ng dy dx trn c cp i(x, t), u(x, t):
Gi C v G l in dung v in dn r tnh cho mt vi phn ng dy dx.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
I. M hnh ng dy di u
94
i(x, t) i + di
dx
u(x, t)
- du
- di
x
u + du
Rdx
Ldx
Gdx
Cdx
Lut Kirhoff 2: -du(x, t) = u(x, t) u(x+dx, t) = du
L
(x, t) + du
R
(x, t)
Gi L v R l in cm v in tr tnh cho mt vi phn ng dy dx.
( , )
( , ) dx ( , ) . ( , )
L R
i x t
du x t L du x t Ri x t dx
t
c
= =
c
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
u x t i x t
L Ri x t
x t
c c
= +
c c
M hnh ton hc ca ng dy di:
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
i x t u x t
C Gu x t
x t
u x t i x t
L Ri x t
x t
c c
= +
c c
c c
= +
c c
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
I. M hnh ng dy di u
95
Rdx
Ldx
Gdx
Cdx
M hnh ton hc ca ng dy di:
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
u x t i x t
L Ri x t
x t
i x t u x t
C Gu x t
x t
c c
= +
c c
c c
= +
c c
H phng trnh ng vi s mch to bi cc phn t
ca mch Kirhoff, nhng v cng nh: Rdx, Ldx, Cdx,
Gdx v phn b ri dc ng dy.
Bi ton ng dy di l bi ton b c s kin: Nghim
c xc nh bi iu kin b hai u ng dy (x = x
1
,
x = x
2
) v s kin ti t = t
0
.
ng dy di u l m hnh ng dy di c cc thng s c bn ca ng dy (R, L, C,
G) khng thay i theo khng gian v thi gian.
ng dy di u khng tiu tn: R = G = 0
( , ) ( , )
.
( , ) ( , )
.
u x t i x t
L
x t
i x t u x t
C
x t
c c
c c
c c
c c
C s k thut in 2
96
C S K THUT IN 2
u tuyn tnh
1. Hin tng sng chy.
2. Cc thng s c trng s truyn sng trn ng dy.
3. Hin tng mo ng dy di khng mo.
4. Hin tng phn x sng trn ng dy di.
5. S phn b p, dng dng hm lng gic Hypecbol.
6. ng dy di u khng tiu tn.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
II. Ch xc lp iu ha trn ng dy di
1. Hin tng sng chy
97
Xt ng dy h s hng c kch thch iu ha:
ch xc lp iu ha: Trng thi dng, p trn mi vi phn ng dy l mt hm
iu ha c bin pha ty thuc vo x.
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
( , ) ( , )
. . ( , )
u x t i x t
L Ri x t
x t
i x t u x t
C Gu x t
x t
c c
= +
c c
c c
= +
c c
| | | |
| | | |
( , ) ( ). 2.sin ( ) ( ), ( )
( , ) ( ). 2.sin ( ) ( ), ( )
u u
i i
u x t U x t x U x x
i x t I x t x I x x
e
e
= +
= +
Xt trong min nh phc ta c:

.
.
( , )
. . ( )
( , ) ( )
u x t
j U x
t
u x t dU x
x dx
e
c
c
.
. ( )
.
. ( )
( , ) ( ). ( )
( , ) ( ). ( )
u
i
j x
j x
u x t U x e U x
i x t I x e I x
Vy ta c m hnh ton hc trong min nh phc:

.
. .
.
. .
( . . ). .
( . . ). .
dU
R j L I Z I
dx
d I
G j C U Y U
dx
e
e
= + =
= + =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
1. Hin tng sng chy
98
2 2
0 ( . ) p p j o | = = +
Trong :
2
.
( ) . ( )
Z Y
j
o e | e
=
= +
( ) . . Z j R j L e e = +
Phng trnh c trng c dng:
.
. .
.
. .
( . . ). .
( . . ). .
dU
R j L I Z I
dx
d I
G j C U Y U
dx
e
e
= + =
= + =
.
2
. .
2
2
.
2
. .
2
2
. . .
. . .
d U
Z Y U U
dx
d I
Z Y I I
dx
= =
= =
o hm theo x
hai v phng trnh
: Tng tr trn n v di
( ) . . Y j G j C e e = +
: Tng dn trn n v di
Vy nghim tng qut c dng:
. . . . . .
. . . .
1 2 1 2 ( ) . . ; ( ) . .
x x x x
U x A e A e I x B e B e

= + = +
Mt khc:
. . .
. . .
1 2
. . . .
1 2
1
. . . .
x x x x
dU A A
I A e A e e e
Z Z
Z dx Z Z

= = =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
1. Hin tng sng chy
99
.
.
j
C c
Z
Z Z e
u
= =
1
2
.
.
1
1
.
.
2
2
.
.
j
j
A A e
A A e
=
=
Chuyn v min thi gian ta c:
1 2
1 2
.
. . . . . . . .
1 2
.
. . . . . . . . . .
1 2
( ) . . . .
( ) . . . .
j x j j x j x x
j x j j j x j j x x
C C
U x A e e A e e
A A
I x e e e e
Z Z
| | o o
| u | u o o
+ +
+ +
= +
t: l tng tr sng ca ng dy.

. . . .
.
1 2 1 2
. . . . . .
. . . .
x x x j x j
C C
A A A A
I e e e e
Z Z
Z Z
u u

= =
Gi s:
Vy ta c:
. . .
. .
1 2
. . .
. .
1 2
( ) . .
( ) . .
x x
x x
U x A e A e
I x B e B e

= +
= +
Thay vo phng trnh ta c:
. .
1 1 2 2
. .
1 2
1 2
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
x x
x x
C C
u x t A e t x A e t x
A A
i x t e t x e t x
Z Z
o o
o o
e | e |
e u | e u |
= + + + +
= + + +
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
1. Hin tng sng chy
100
Xt hm sin(.t .x) = -sin(.x - .t):
. .
1 1 2 2
. .
1 2
1 2
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
x x
x x
C C
A A
i x t e t x e t x
Z Z
o o
o o
e | e |
e u | e u |
= + + + +
= + + +
. . . x t x t
e
| e
|
A = A = A A = A
Vy hm sin(.t .x) vi 2 i s khng gian thi gian ngc du nhau m t sng
hnh sin dch theo chiu x vi vn tc u:
v
e
|
=
v
x 0
2
= .x
x
-sin(.x - .t)
Ti t = 0: -sin(.x)
Sau khong t: -sin(.x- .t)
Sng truyn i theo chiu x mt on x
tng ng vi mt on dch pha ca tn hiu
l = .t.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
1. Hin tng sng chy
101
Xt hm sin(.x + .t)
. .
1 1 2 2
. .
1 2
1 2
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
x x
x x
C C
A A
i x t e t x e t x
Z Z
o o
o o
e | e |
e u | e u |
= + + + +
= + + +
. . . x t x t
e
| e
|
A = A = A A = A
Vy hm sin(.t + .x) vi 2 i s khng gian thi gian cng du nhau m t sng
hnh sin chy theo ngc chiu x vi vn tc u:
v
e
|
=
sin(.x + .t)
v
x
= .x
x
Ti t = 0: sin(.x)
Sau khong t: sin(.x + .t)
Sng truyn i theo chiu -x mt on x
tng ng vi mt on dch pha ca tn hiu
l = .t.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
1. Hin tng sng chy
102
Vy ch xc lp iu ha:
S phn b dng, p trn dy l s xp chng ca sng chy thun v sng chy ngc
. .
1 1 2 2
. .
1 2
1 2
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
x x
x x
C C
A A
i x t e t x e t x
Z Z
o o
o o
e | e |
e u | e u |
= + + + +
= + + +
( , ) ( , ) ( , )
( , ) ( , ) ( , )
u x t u x t u x t
i x t i x t i x t
+
+
= +
Sng thun u
+
(x, t), i
+
(x, t) c dng hnh sin vi bin gim dn theo chiu truyn
sng (chiu x).
. .
. . .
. .
1 2
. .
. .
.
( ) ( ) ( ) . .
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
x x
C C
U x U x U x A e A e
U x U x
I x I x I x
Z Z
+
+
+
= + = +
= =
Sng ngc u
-
(x, t), i
-
(x, t) c dng hnh sin vi bin tng dn theo chiu x (gim dn
theo chiu truyn sng).
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
2. Cc thng s c trng s truyn sng trn ng dy
103
H s tt ():
c trng cho tc tt ca bin sng dc ng dy theo chiu truyn sng.
. .
1 1 2 2
. .
1 2
1 2
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
( , ) 2. . .sin( . ) 2. . .sin( . )
x x
x x
C C
A A
i x t e t x e t x
Z Z
o o
o o
e | e |
e u | e u |
= + + + +
= + + +
.
1
.( 1)
1
[ /m ; nep/km ; dB]
2. . ( ) ( )
ln
1 8, 68 ( 1) ( 1)
2. .
x
x
nep
A e U x U x
e
nep dB U x U x
A e
o
o
o
o
+ +
+ +
+
= = =
= + +
Xt trn mt n v di ng dy bin sng gim i exp() ln.
H s pha () [rad/m; rad/km]:
c trng cho tc bin thin gc pha ca sng dc ng dy theo chiu truyn
sng.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
2. Cc thng s c trng s truyn sng trn ng dy
104
Vn tc truyn sng v():
c trng cho tc truyn sng trn ng dy.
S phn b vn tc truyn sng theo tn s gi l s tn sc vn tc trong qu
trnh truyn sng.
v
e
|
=
Tng tr sng Z
C
():
. .
. .
.
C
U U Z Z Z
Z
Y
Z Y
I I

+
+
= = = = =
H truyn sng () :
c trng cho qu trnh truyn sng (bin thin v bin v gc pha) dc ng
dy theo chiu truyn sng.
. . j Z Y o | = + =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
3. Hin tng mo - ng dy di khng mo
105
Xt ng dy tiu tn truyn tn hiu dng (p) gm ph sng iu ha nhiu tn s.
Do , v, Z
C
l cc hm ph thuc vo tn s cc iu ha s lan truyn:
Vn tc khc nhau v()
Bin tt khc nhau: ()
Tng tr sng khc nhau: Z
C
()
Thay i t s bin cc iu ha.
Thay i v tr tng i cc iu ha.
Thay i quan h sng p - sng dng.
Hin tng mo tn hiu
Mt ng dy di c tiu tn khng lm mo tn hiu nu cc thng s ca ng dy
tha mn iu kin: R G
L C
=
1
. ; ;
.
C
R
RG v Z
G
LC
= = =
Cc ng dy thng tin mun trnh mo phi thc hin Pupin ha ng dy: Ni
thm vo ng dy nhng cun cm tp trung L c gi tr ph hp.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
4. Hin tng phn x sng trn ng dy di
106
Ta coi sng ngc l kt qu phn x ca sng thun i ti.
Ti v tr cui dy (u dy) ni ti Z
2
(Z
1
) ta c:
. .
.
. .
.
( ) ( ) ( )
. ( ) ( ) ( )
C
U x U x U x
Z I x U x U x
+
+
= +
H s phn x n(x) ti im x l t s ca sng ngc v vi sng thun

v im .
.
( ) U x
.
( ) I x
.
( ) U x
+
.
( ) I x
+
. .
. .
. . . .
( ) . ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) . ( )
( ) ( )
C
C
U x Z I x U x I x
n x
U x Z I x
U x I x

+ +
= = =
+
.
.
( )
( )
( )
U x
Z x
I x
=
Tng tr vo ti x
( )
( )
( )
C
C
Z x Z
n x
Z x Z
=
+
2 1
2 1
2 1
;
C C
C C
Z Z Z Z
n n
Z Z Z Z

= =
+ +
vi
Nu Z
2
= Z
C
(n
2
= 0) khng c sng phn x (ti ha hp ng dy)
Nu Z
2
= (n
2
= 1) phn x ton phn.
Nu Z
2
= 0 hoc Z
1
= 0 (n
2
= -1 ; n
1
= -1) phn x ton phn c i du
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
5. S phn b p dng dng hm lng gic Hyperbol
107
t:
Vy ta c phng trnh dng Hyperbol:
Ta c:
.
( ) . ( . ) . ( . ) U x M ch x N sh x = +
.
0
.
0
. 0 . 0
. . 0 . 0
C
U M ch N sh M
Z I M sh N ch N
= + =
= + =
| |
.
.
1 1
( ) . . . ( . ) . . ( . ) . ( . ) . ( . )
C
dU
I x M sh x N ch x M sh x N ch x
Z dx Z Z Z

= = = +
Ti gc ta x = 0 c:
. .
0 0
, U I
. . .
0 0
.
. .
0
0
( ) . ( . ) . . ( . )
( ) . ( . ) . ( . )
C
C
U x U ch x Z I sh x
U
I x sh x I ch x
Z

= +
.
2
. .
2
2
.
2
. .
2
2
. . .
. . .
d U
Z Y U U
dx
d I
Z Y I I
dx
= =
= =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
5. S phn b p, dng dng hmlng gic Hyperbol
108
Khi bit tr s dng p u dy gn gc ta x = 0 u dy, hng chiu x v
pha cui dy. Khi ta c h phng trnh:
. . .
1 1
.
. .
1
1
( ) . ( . ) . . ( . )
( ) . ( . ) . ( . )
C
C
U x U ch x Z I sh x
U
I x sh x I ch x
Z

= +
Khi bit tr s dng - p cui dy gn gc ta x = 0 cui dy, hng chiu x v

pha u dy. Khi :
( . ) ( . )
( . ) ( . )
x x
sh x sh x
ch x ch x

=
=
=
. . .
2 2
.
. .
2
2
( ) . ( . ) . . ( . )
( ) . ( . ) . ( . )
C
C
U x U ch x Z I sh x
U
I x sh x I ch x
Z

= +
= +
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
5. S phn b p dng dng hm lng gic Hyperbol
109
Mng hai ca tng ng ca ng dy di u:
Khi dng ng dy di truyn ti nng lng, ta quan tm quan h truyn t dng p
gia 2 u ng dy.
Ta coi qu trnh truyn t ca ng dy theo m hnh mng 2 ca Kifhoff.
Do kt cu i xng ca ng dy, mng 2 ca ca ng dy di l i xng.
Xt phng trnh b s A
. . .
. . .
2 1 2
2 2
1 11 12
. . .
. . .
2 2
1
1 2 2
21 22
( . ). . ( . ).
. .
( . )
. ( . ).
. .
C
C
U ch l U Z sh l I
U A U A I
sh l
I U ch l I
I A U A I
Z

= +
= +

= +

= +
2 2
11 22 12 21
11 22
. . ( . ) ( . ) 1
( . )
A A A A ch l sh l
A A ch l

= =
= =
Mng 2 ca tuyn
tnh, tng h,
i xng
T
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
6. ng dy di u khng tiu tn.
110
Mt ng dy di khng tiu tn nu cc thng s ca ng dy tha mn iu kin:
R << .L (R = 0) ; G << .C (G = 0)
c im ca ng dy di khng tiu tn:
H s tt: () = 0
( ) . . LC | e e =
. . .
2 2
.
. .
2
2
( ) . os( . ) . . .sin( . )
( ) . .sin( . ) .cos( . )
C
C
U x U c x j Z I x
U
I x j x I x
Z
| |
| |
= +
= +
H s pha:
Tng tr sng:
( ) /
C
Z L C e =
Vn tc sng: ( ) 1/ . ( ons ) v LC c t e =
H s truyn sng:
( ) . ( ) j e | e =
Phn b dng p trn ng dy khng tiu tn:
( ) .sin( . )
( ) os( . )
sh j x j x
ch j x c x
| |
| |
=
=
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
111
V d 1: Cho ng dy di u R = 0,3/Km, L = 2,88mH/Km, C = 3,85.10
-9
F/Km, G = 0.
Tnh h s truyn sng , vn tc truyn sng , bc sng v tng tr sng Z
C
ca ng
dy tn s f = 50Hz.
Gii:
6
0, 3 0, 9 / ; 1, 21.10 / Z R j L j Km Y G j C j Si Km e e

= + = + O = + =
6 3
. (0, 3 0, 9) 1, 21.10 (0,18 1, 09).10 (1/ ) Z Y j j j Km

= = + = +
H s truyn sng:
5
3
2 314
2,88.10 /
1, 09.10
f
v Km s
e t
| |

= = = =
Vn tc truyn sng:
886,1 9, 2
C
Z
Z
Y
= = O
Tng tr sng:
5
2,88.10
5760
50
v
km
f
= = =
Bc sng:
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
112
V d 2: Cho ng dy di u. Chng minh rng:
a. tn s cao:
b. tn s thp:
1
; ;
C
L
v LC Z
C
LC
| e
Gii:
a. tn s cao:
Z R j L Z j L
Y G j C Y j C
e e
e e
= +
= +
;
C
R
RG Z
G
o
. . Z Y j L j C j LC e e e = = =
LC | e =
1
v
LC LC
e e
|
e
= = =
C
Z j L L
Z
Y j C C
e
e
= = =
b. tn s thp:
Z R j L Z R
Y G j C Y G
e
e
= +
= +
. . Z Y RG o = = =
C
Z R
Z
Y G
= =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
113
V d 3: Cho ng dy di u khng tiu tn bit h s truyn sng = jl, h s phn x
cui dy n
2
. u dy cung cp bi ngun iu ha c bin U
1
, cui dy ni ti R
2
. Coi
mi trng thi dng p trn ng dy l s xp chng ca sng ti v sng phn x.
a. Tnh
. .
1 1
2
theo , , U U n j l |
+
.
1
U
2
R
.
1 I
.
2
U
l
. . . . . .
1 1 1 1 1 1
U U U U U U
+ +
= + =
.
1
U
chy t pha 2 v 1
. .
1 2
.
j l
U U e
|

=
.
. .
2
2 2
2 2
.
2
U
U n U
U
+
+
= = Mt khc: n
. .
1 2
2
. .
j l
U n U e
|
+
=
.
2
U
+
chy t pha 1 v 2
. .
2 1
.
j l
U U e
|
+ +
=
. .
2
1 1
2
. .
j l
U n U e
|
+
=
. . . . .
2
1 1 1 1 1
2
.
j l
U U U U n U e
|
+ +
= =
( )
.
.
1
1
2
2
1 .
j l
U
U
n e
|
+
=
+
( )
. .
2
1 1
2
1 .
j l
U U n e
|
+
= +
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
114
cui dy n
2
1
, cui dy ni ti R
2
. Coi
b. Tnh
.
1
U
2
R
. .
2 2
, ,
U
U U K
+
.
1 I
.
2
U
l
.
. .
1
2 1
2
2
1
j l
j l
j l
U e
U U e
n e
|
|
|
+ +
= =
+
.
. . .
1
2 2 2
2
2
2
(1 )
1
j l
j l
U e
U U U n
n e
|
|
+
= + = +
+
.
2
2
. 2
2
1
(1 )
1
j l
U
j l
n e U
K
n e
U
|
|
+
= =
+
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
115
cui dy n
2
1
, cui dy ni ti R
2
. Coi
c. Tnh cng sut P
2
theo
.
1
U
2
R
.
1
2
, , U n j l |
.
1 I
.
2
U
l
*
. .
2 2
2 2 2
Re . . U I U I

= =
`
)
Ta c: P
. .
2
2 1
2
2
(1 )
1
j l
j l
n e
U U
n e
|
|
+
=
+
( )
. .
. . . .
2 2
2
2 2 2 1
2
2
(1 )
1
j l
j l
C C
C
n e U U
I I I U
Z Z
Z n e
|
|
+
+
= = =
+
C
Z L
Z
Y C
= =
ng dy khng tiu tn
(s thc)
2
2 2 2
1 1 cos(2 ) sin(2 )
j l
n e n l jn l
|
| |
+ = + + Xt
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 cos(2 ) cos (2 ) sin (2 )
j l
n e n l n l n l
|
| | |
+ = + + +
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
116
cui dy n
2
1
, cui dy ni ti R
2
. Coi
c. Tnh cng sut P
2
theo
.
1
U
2
R
.
1
2
, , U n j l |
.
1 I
.
2
U
l
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
1 1 2 cos(2 )
j l
n e n l n
|
|
+ = + +
. . . .
2 2
2 1 2 1
2
2
2
2 2
(1 ) 1
1
1 2 cos 2
j l
j l
n e n
U U U U
n e
n l n
|
|
|
+ +
= =
+
+ +
( )
( )
. . . .
2 2
2 2 1 1
2
2
2
2 2
(1 ) 1
1
1 2 cos 2
j l
j l
C
C
n e n
I U I U
Z n e
Z n l n
|
|
|

= =
+
+ +
C s k thut in 2
117
C S K THUT IN 2
u tuyn tnh
1. Khi nim.
2. Phng php Petecxen.
3. Phn x nhiu ln trn ng dy.
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
118
Xt s truyn sng dng bt k trn ng dy di khng tiu tn khi c mt kch thch
tc ng ln ng dy (ng 1 ngun p, xung st nh hoc cm ng vo ng dy).
Xt phng trnh c bn ca ng dy khng tiu tn:
( , )
.
( , )
.
u x t i
L
x t
i x t u
C
x t
c c
c c
c c
c c
( , )
. . ( , ) . ( , 0)
( , )
. . ( , ) . ( , 0)
dU x p
p L I x p Li x
dx
dI x p
p CU x p Cu x
dx
Chuyn sang min

nh Laplace
Gi thit ti t = 0, trn ng dy khng c dng v p: u(x, 0) = 0; i(x, 0) = 0
( , )
. . ( , )
( , )
. . ( , )
dU x p
p L I x p
dx
dI x p
p CU x p
dx
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
( , )
. . . ( , ) . ( , )
( , )
. . . ( , ) . ( , )
d U x p
p LCU x p U x p
dx
d I x p
p LC I x p I x p
dx
= =
= =
o hm
theo x
1. Khi nim
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
119
1. Khi nim
Bin i ngc t nh ra gc, t:
1 1
2 2
( , ) ( , ) ; ( , ) ( , )
( , ) ( , ) ; ( , ) ( , )
U x p u x t A x p f x t
I x p i x t A x p f x t

. . . . .
1 2
. . . . . .
1 2
( , ) ( , ). ( , ).
( , ) ( , )
( , ) . .
p L C x p L C x
p L C x p L C x
U x p A x p e A x p e
A x p A x p
I x p e e
L L
C C
= +
Dch gc
. . .
1 1
. . .
2 2
( , ). ( . . )
( , ). ( . . )
p L C x
p L C x
A x p e f t LC x
A x p e f t LC x

+
t:
1
. ;
C
L
LC Z
v C
= =
Vy nghim tng qut ca phng trnh l:
1 2
( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
( , ) . ( ) . ( ) ( ) ( )
C C
x x x x
u x t f t f t u t u t
v v v v
x x x x
i x t u t u t i t i t
Z v Z v v v
+
+ +
= + + = + +
= + = +
Nghim ca phng trnh c dng:

C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
120
Nhn xt:
S phn b p l tng 2 thnh phn: p thun v p ngc
1. Khi nim
1 2
( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
( , ) . ( ) . ( ) ( ) ( )
C C
x x x x
u x t f t f t u t u t
v v v v
x x x x
i x t u t u t i t i t
Z v Z v v v
+
+ +
= + + = + +
= + = +
1
.
v
LC
=
( )
x
u t
v
+
( )
x
u t
v
+
S phn b dng l hiu 2 thnh phn: Dng thun v dng ngc ( )
x
i t
v
+
( )
x
i t
v
+
Cc sng dng, p u truyn vi vn tc u:
0
t
u
0
t
u
( ) u t ( )
x
u t
v
1
t
Nghim tng qut ca phng trnh:
1
x
t
v
=
0
t
u
( ) +
x
u t
v
1
t
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
121
2. Phng php Petecxen:
Dng tnh dng, p cui dy trong ch qu trn ng dy di khng tiu tn.
Xt mt sng ti u
ti
t pha u dy truyn ti, p vo ti tp trung Z
2
:
Gp 1 iu kin b mi, to trn ti Z
2
mt hm u
2
(t) = Z
2
.i
2
.
Ti thi im v xut pht t v tr ti s c mt sng phn x ngc li u
phn
sao
cho hp vi u
ti
va bng u
2
.
Gn gc ta vo cui dy, v chn gc thi gian l thi im sng ti p vo cui
dy, khi :
Ti ti tp trung, c quan h:
u
2
(t) = u
2ti
+ u
2ph
i
2
(t) = i
2ti
i
2ph
Z
C
. i
2ti
= u
2ti
Z
C
. i
2ph
= u
2ph
Quan h sng ti, sng phn:
2.u
2ti
= (Z
C
+ Z
2
) i
2
u
2
(t) = u
2ti
+ Z
C
.i
2ph
u
2
(t) = u
2ti
+Z
C
.(i
2ti
i
2
)
u
2
(t) = 2.u
2ti
Z
C
.i2
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
122
Dng, p cui dy u
2
(t), i
2
(t) c tnh theo mt s tp trung gm:
01 ngun p bng 2 ln sng ti: 2.u
ti
Tng tr trong ca ngun c gi tr bng tng tr sng Z
C
ca ng dy ti.
ng mch vo ti tp trung cui ng dy.
u
2ph
(t) = u
2
- u
2ti
i
2ph
(t) = i
2ti
i
2
= u
2ph
/ Z
C
Dng, p phn x truyn v pha u dy:
2.u
2ti
= (Z
C
+ Z
2
) i
2
Ti
Z
u
2
i
2
u
ti
Z
C
Ti
Z
2.u
ti
u
2
i
2
Z
C
u
ph
(x,t) = u
2ph
(t - x/v)
i
ph
(x,t) = i
2ph
(t-x/v)
(Gc: x=0
cui dy)
S Petecxen
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
123
Xt ng dy Z
C1
ni vi ng dy Z
C2
:
Sng t ng dy 1 n im ni s sinh ra sng phn x v tn hiu u
2
(t), i
2
(t)
truyn (khc x) vo ng dy 2 (sng khc x u
kx
, i
kx
)
Khi sng khc x cha truyn ti cui ng dy 2 (cha c sng phn x li) th
chng lin h vi nhau qua Z
C2
: u
2kx
(t) = Z
C2
.i
2kx
(t)
u
+
Z
C1
2.u
+
u
2
i
2
Z
C1
Z
C2
Dy 1 Dy 2
Z
C2
Nu ti im ni gia 2 ng dy c thm cc ti tp trung (L, C, ) th trong s
Petecxen cn b sung cc phn t tp trung .
S Petecxen
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
124
u
ti
Z
C1
2.u
ti
Z
C1
Z
C2
Z
C2
L/2
L/2
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
L
u
ti
Z
C1
Z
C2
C
3
2
2
2.u
ti
Z
C1
Z
C2
2
2
C
S Petecxen
S Petecxen
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
125
V d 1: Cho ng dy c Z
C1
= 300 ni vi my pht Z
2
= 1200 .
Sng p hnh ch nht U = 1000kV nh vo ng dy.
a. Tnh sng khc x vo my pht.
Z
C1
Z
2
2U
ti
(p)
2
1 2
2 ( ) 2000 1600
( ) 1200
(300 1200)
ti
my kx
C
U p
U p Z kV
Z Z p p
= = =
+ +
b. Gia dy v my c cp Z
C3
= 60. Tnh sng khc x t dy vo cp, t cp vo my.
Z
C3
Z
2
2U
ti
(p)
3
1 3
2 ( ) 333
( )
ti
cp kx C
C C
U p
U p Z kV
Z Z p
= =
+
1600
my kx
U kV =
333
cp kx
U kV =
2
3 2
2 ( ) 635
( )
ti
my kx
C
U p
U p Z kV
Z Z p
= =
+
635
cp kx
U kV =
Z
C1
Z
C3
2U
ti
(p)
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
126
V d 2: Cho ng dy c Z
C1
= 400 ni ni tip vi 3
ng dy song song c Z
C2
= 300 . Sng p hnh ch nht U
= 100kV nh vo ng dy th nht. Tnh dng, p khc x,
phn x.
p dng phng php Petecxen ta c s :
2
1
2 ( ) 2.100 0, 4
( )
(400 100)
3
ti
kx
C
C
U p
I p kA
Z
p p
Z
= = =
+
+
Z
C2
Z
C2
Z
C2
Z
C1
100kV
Z
C1
Z
C2
2U
ti
(p)
Gii:
0, 4
kx
I kA =
0, 4
133
3
mi ng kx
I A = =
2
. 133.300 40
mi ng kx kx C
U I Z kV = = = 40 100 60
phn x kx ti
U U U kV = = =
1
60
0,15
400
phn x
phn x
C
U
I kA
Z
= = =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
127
V d 3: Cho ng dy c l > 30km, Z
C
= 400, ti tp trung
c R
2
= 100, L
2
= 0,5H, ng vo mt ngun p hng 35kV.
Sau khi sng phn x chy c 30km tnh dng p khc x,
phn x ti cui dy ?
p dng phng php Petecxen ta c s :
2 2
2 ( ) 70 140
( )
(500 0, 5 ) ( 1000)
ti
kx
C
U p
I p
Z R pL p p p p
= = =
+ + + +
( )
1000
( ) 0,14 1
t
kx
i t e kA
=
70(100 0, 5 ) 140(0, 5 100) 14000 70
( )
(0, 5 500) ( 1000) ( 1000) 1000
kx
p p
U p
p p p p p p p
+ +
= = = +
+ + + +
2.U
ti
(p)
Z
C
R
2
L
2
1000
( ) 14 56 ( )
t
kx
u t e kV
= +
1000
( ) ( ) ( ) 21 56 ( )
phn kx ti
t
u t u t u t e kV
= = +
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
128
V d 3: Cho ng dy c l > 30km, Z
C
= 400, ti tp trung
c R
2
= 100, L
2
= 0,5H, ng vo mt ngun p hng 35kV.
Sau khi sng phn x chy c 30km tnh dng p khc x,
phn x ti cui dy ?
3
4
8
30.10
10
3.10
T s
= =
2.U
ti
(p)
Z
C
R
2
L
2
( ) 64, 67
( ) 13, 3
kx
kx
u t T kV
i t T A
= =
= =
1000
( )
( ) 52, 5 140
phn
phn
t
C
u t
i t e A
Z
= = +
Coi vn tc truyn sng v = 3.10
8
m/s thi gian sng chy 30km l:
Vy ta c:
( ) 29, 67
( ) 74,18
phn
phn
u t T kV
i t T A
= =
= =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
129
V d 4: Cho ng dy di Z
C
= 400. Cui ng dy ni t
C = 0,5F song song vi my pht Z
2
= 1000. Ti t = 0, mt
sng hnh ch nht U = 200kV chy ti cui ng dy. Tnh
sng khc x, phn x ca dng, p vo my.
6
1
2
2
2
2 ( ) ( ) 1 2.10
( ) / /
( 7000) ( ) 1
/ /
ti
kx
C
U p F p
U p Z
pC p p F p
Z Z
pC
| |
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .
p dng cng thc Hevixaide:
Dng khc x vo my:
2.U
ti
(p)
Z
C
Z
2
1/pC
1
2
2
0
0
7000
p
F
p
=
=

=
2
' 2 7000 F p = +
7000
( ) 285, 71(1 )
t
kx
u t e kV
=
7000
2
( )
( ) 285, 71(1 )
t
kx
kx
u t
i t e A
Z
= =
p phn x:
7000
( ) ( ) ( ) 85, 71 285, 71
ti
t
ph kx
u t u t u t e kV
= =
Dng phn x:
7000
7000
( )
85, 71 285, 71
( ) 214, 28 714, 28
400
t
ph t
ph
C
u t
e
i t e A
Z
= = =
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
130
V d 5: ng dy di Z
C1
= 500 ni vi mt ng dy di
c Z
C2
= 300. Gia 2 ng dy ni in cm L = 5mH. Tinh
p khc x v phn x khi c p
truyn t ng dy 1 ti
9
1
3 3
1 2 2
2 ( ) ( ) 5.10
( )
( 160.10 )( 25.10 ) ( )
ti
kx
C C
U p F p
I p
Z pL Z p p p F p
= = =
+ + + +
p dng cng thc Hevixaide:
p khc x vo ng dy 2:
( )
3
25.10
( ) 500 1
t
u t e kV
=
6
3
25.10
2 ( )
( 25.10 )
ti
U p
p p
=
+
3 3
160.10 25.10
( ) 1, 25 0, 23. 1, 48.
t t
kx
i t e e kA

= +
3 3
160.10 25.10
2
( ) . ( ) 375 69. 444.
t t
kx C kx
u t Z i t e e kV

= = +
2.U
ti
(p)
Z
C1
Z
C2
L
A
Dng in khc x:
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
131
V d 5: ng dy di Z
C1
= 500 ni vi mt ng dy di
c Z
C2
= 300. Gia 2 ng dy ni in cm L = 5mH. Tinh
p khc x v phn x khi c p
truyn t ng dy 1 ti
( )
3
25.10
( ) 500 1
t
u t e kV
=
Ta c:
3 3
2
( ) ( ) ( ) 5.10 ( 60.10 ). ( )
A C kx kx
U p Z pL I p p I p
= + = +
p phn x tr li ng dy 1:
3 3
25.10 160.10
1
( )
( ) 0, 25 0, 482. 0, 23
ph t t
ph
C
u t
i t e e A
Z

= = +
2.U
ti
(p)
Z
C1
Z
C2
L
A
3 3
25.10 160.10
( ) 375 259. 115, 7.
t t
A
u t e e kV

=
3 3
25.10 160.10
( ) ( ) ( ) 125 241. 115, 7.
ti
t t
ph A
u t u t u t e e kV

= = +
Dng phn x tr li ng dy 1:
C s k thut in 2
ng dy di u tuyn tnh
132
3. Phn x nhiu ln trn ng dy:
U n = 1
U
x
2.U
x
2.U
x
Ti t = 0, xt mt ngun p hng U ng vo ng dy khng tiu tn c chiu di l,
khng ni vi ti (Z
2
= ).
2
2
2
1
C
C
Z Z
n
Z Z
= =
+
0 :
l
t
v
s <
2.
:
l l
t
v v
s <
2. 3.
:
l l
t
v v
s <
U
x
x
U
3. 4.
:
l l
t
v v
s <
4. 5.
:
l l
t
v v
s <
I
x
I
x
x
x
1 2 1
1 2 1
.
.
ng th
ng th
U n U U
I n I I
= =
= =
- I
- I
I
x
1 1
1 1
2.
0
= + =
= =
th ng
th ng
U U U U
I I I
1
1
1
2 1 1
2 1 1
1
.
.
C
C
th ng
th ng
Z Z
n
Z Z
U n U U
I n I I
= =
= =
= =
4.l
T
v
= Chu k:

Bai Giang LTM2 - Nguyen Viet Son

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Bai Giang LTM2 - Nguyen Viet Son

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C S K THUT IN 2

Gio vin: TS. Nguyn Vit Sn

Trong mch in, ta c:

V d 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v bit c tnh phi tuyn ca in tr phi tuyn

Chng 2: Ch xc lp hng trong mch phi tuyn

Vy dng in chy qua in tr phi tuyn l: I = 1.02(A)

Phng php gii: th vi gi tr tc thi ; Cn bng iu ha ; iu ha tng

im lm vic: (1A; 15V)

Nghim ca phng trnh (*) l:

Xt trong min nh phc ta c:

Vy ta c m hnh ton hc trong min nh phc:

t: l tng tr sng ca ng dy.

H s phn x n(x) ti im x l t s ca sng ngc v vi sng thun

Khi bit tr s dng - p cui dy gn gc ta x = 0 cui dy, hng chiu x v

Chuyn sang min

Nghim ca phng trnh c dng:

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