Chuyn tch phn 1

1 Cc phng php tnh tch phn

1.1 Phng php i bin
1.1.1 i bin loi I
Ta c quy tc i bin s loi I nh sau:
- t x = u(t) (u(t) l hm s c o hm lin tc trn [; ]
1
, f(u(t)) c xc nh trn
on [; ] v u() = a, u() = b ).
- Bin i f(x)dx = f[u(t)]u

(t)dt = g(t)dt.
- Tm mt nguyn hm G(t) ca g(t).
- Tnh

g(t)dt = G(t)

.
- Kt lun
b
_
a
f(x)dx = G(t)

.
Ch . Ta c mt s php th lng gic nh sau:
- Nu tch phn cha

a
2
x
2
, a > 0 ta t x = a sin t, t
_

2
;

2
_
hoc t x = a cos t, t
_
0;
_
.
- Nu tch phn cha a
2
+ x
2
, a > 0 ta t x = atgt, t
_

2
;

2
_
.
- Nu th x =

2
t th sin x = cos t v dx = dt.
1.1.2 i bin loi II
Ta c quy tc i bin s loi I nh sau:
- t t = v(x), v(x) c o hm lin tc. - Biu th f(x)dx theo t v dt, gi s f(x)dx = g(t)dt.
- Tm mt nguyn hm G(t) ca g(t).
- Tnh
v(b)
_
v(a)
g(t)dt = G(t)

v(b)
v(a)
.
- Kt lun
b
_
a
f(x)dx = G(t)

v(b)
v(a)
.
Ch . Xt tch phn dng
b
_
a
f(x)dx
- Nu f(x) c dng F(ax + b) th t t = ax + b.
- Nu f(x) c dng F(x
n+1
).x
n
th t t = x
n+1
. - Nu f(x) c dng F(cos x). sin x th t
t = cos x.
- Nu f(x) c dng F(sin x). cos x th t t = sin x.
- Nu f(x) c dng F(tgx).
1
cos
2
x
th t t = tgx.
- Nu f(x) c dng F(cotgx).
1
sin
2
x
th t t = cotgx.
- Nu f(x) c dng F(ln x).
1
x
th t t = ln x.
- Nu trong tch phn c biu thc cha cn i khi ta t t bng biu thc cha cn .
1
Nu < th xt on [; ]
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Chuyn tch phn 2
1.2 Phng php tch phn tng phn
Nu u(x) v v(x) l hai hm s c o hm lin tc trn on [a; b] th
b
_
a
u(x)v

(x)dx = (u(x)v(x))

b
a

b
_
a
v(x)u

(x)dx
Hay
b
_
a
u(x)dv = (u(x)v(x))

b
a

b
_
a
v(x)du
Ch . Xt tch phn dng
b
_
a
f(x)dx. Sau y l mt s php tch phn tng phn thng
gp:
- Nu f(x) c dng F(x). lnx, trong F(x) l a thc hoc phn thc ca x th t
_
u = ln x
v = F(x)dx
- Nu f(x) c dng F(x). cos x hoc F(x). sin x , trong F(x) l a thc ca x th t
_
u = F(x)
v = cos xdx
hoc
_
u = F(x)
v = sin xdx
- Nu f(x) c dng F(x).e
x
, trong F(x) l a thc ca x th t
_
u = F(x)
v = e
x
dx
2 ng dng hnh hc ca tch phn
2.1 Tnh tch phn cha du gi tr tuyt i
Mun tnh tch phn I =
b
_
a
|f(x)|dx, ta lm nh sau:
- Gii phng trnh f(x) = 0, x [a; b] c cc nghim l a x
1
< x
2
< < x
n
b
- Ta c
I =
x
1
_
a
|f(x)|dx +
x
2
_
x
1
|f(x)|dx +
x
3
_
x
2
|f(x)|dx + +
b
_
xn
|f(x)|dx
= |
x
1
_
a
f(x)dx| +|
x
2
_
x
1
f(x)dx| +|
x
3
_
x
2
f(x)dx| + +|
b
_
xn
f(x)dx|
2.2 ng dng tnh din tch hnh phng
Ta c cc cng thc tnh din tch nh sau:
- Hnh phng gii hn bi ng cong y = f(x), hai ng x = a, x = b v trc Ox (hoc
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Chuyn tch phn 3
hnh phng gii hn bi ng cong y = f(x), a x b v trc Ox) l:
S =
b
_
a
|f(x)|dx
- Hnh phng gii hn bi hai ng cong y = f(x), y = g(x)v hai ng x = a, x = b l:
S =
b
_
a
|f(x) g(x)|dx
- Hnh phng gii hn bi y = f(x), y = g(x) v ng thng x = a, ta lm nh sau:
+ Gii phng trnh honh giao im f(x) = g(x) c cc nghim x
1
< x
2
< < x
n
(vi x
i
= a, i = 1, n).
+ Nu x
n
< a th S =
a
_
xn
|f(x) g(x)|dx
+ Nu x
1
> a th S =
x
1
_
a
|f(x) g(x)|dx
- Hnh phng gii hn bi y = f(x), y = g(x), u tin ta gii phng trnh honh giao
im f(x) = g(x) c cc nghim x
1
< x
2
< < x
n
khi S =
xn
_
x
1
|f(x) g(x)|dx
- Hnh phng gii hn bi hai ng cong nhng khng c gii hn cn x, hoc t ba ng
cong tr ln ta phi v th cc hm s ri dng cng thc cng din tch. Phng php
v hnh l phng php c bn nht.
Ch . Ta thng s dng tnh cht i xng ca hnh phng thu gn cng thc tnh th
tch v din tch.
2.3 ng dng tnh th tch cc vt
Ta c cc cng thc tnh vt th trn xoay nh sau:
- Hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng y = f(x), x = a, x = b, y = 0 quay xung quanh trc Ox
to thnh vt th c th tch
V =
b
_
a
y
2
dx =
b
_
a
f
2
(x)dx
- Hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng x = g(y), y = a, y = b, x = 0 quay xung quanh trc Oy
to thnh vt th c th tch
V =
b
_
a
x
2
dy =
b
_
a
g
2
(y)dy
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Chuyn tch phn 4
3 Bi tp luyn tp
3.1 Tnh tch phn
I BIN S LOI I
1. I =

2
_
0
sin 2x + sin x

1 + 3 cos x
dx
2. I =

2
_
0
sin 2xcos x
1 + cos x
dx
3. I =

2
_
0
(e
sinx
+ cos x) cos xdx
4. I =
2
_
1
x
1 +

x 1
dx
5. I =
e
_
1

1 + 3 ln xln x
x
dx
6. I =
3
_
2
ln(x
2
x)dx
7. I =
2

3
_

5
dx
x

x
2
+ 4
dx
8. I =

4
_
0
1 2 sin
2
x
1 + sin 2x
dx
9. I =
2
_
0
|x
2
x|dx
10. I =
1
_
0
(x 2)e
2x
dx
11. I =

2
_
0
sin 2x

cos
2
x + 4 sin
2
x
dx
12. I =
ln 5
_
ln3
dx
e
x
+ 2e
x
3
13. I =

4
_
0
x
1 + cos 2x
dx
14. I =
1
_
0
x
3

1 x
2
dx
15. I =
ln 5
_
ln2
e
2x

e
x
1
dx
16. I =
1
_
0
x
3
e
x
2
dx
17. I =
1
_
0
x
2
+ 1
x
ln xdx
18. I =
1
_
0
x
3
x
2
+ 1
dx
19. I =
ln 3
_
0
e
x
_
(e
x
+ 1)
3
dx
20. I =
0
_
1
x(e
2x
+
3

x + 1)dx
21. I =

2
_
0
6

1 cos
3
xsin xcos
5
xdx
22. I =

3
_
0
sin
2
xtgxdx
23. I =
7
_
0
x + 2
3

x + 1
dx
24. I =
e
_
0
x
2
ln xdx
25. I =

4
_
0
(tgx + e
sin x
cos x)dx
26. I =
e
3
_
1
ln
2
x
x

ln x + 1
dx
27. I =

2
_
0
(2x 1) cos
2
xdx
28. I =

2
_
0
sin x
1 + cos x
dx
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Chuyn tch phn 5
3.2 Tnh th tch v din tch
Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi
29. y
2
= 2x, x 2y + 2 = 0 v trc Ox.
30. y = |x
2
4x + 5|, y = x + 3
31. y =
_
4
x
2
4
, y =
x
2
4

2
32. y = xln x, y = 0, x = 1, x = e
33. y = (2+cos x) sin x, y = 0, x =

2
, y =
3
2
34. y =
1
24
x
2

x
3
+ 1, y = xe
x
35. y = |x|, y = 2 x
2
36. y = x
2
, y =
x
2
27
, y =
27
x
37.
16
_
0
dx

x + 9

x
38. 1.
2
_
0
x
2

4 x
2
dx
2.
3
_
1.5
_
(9 x
2
)
3
x
6
dx
3.
ln2
_
0

1 e
2
x
dx
4.

2
_
0
e
2x
cos xdx
5.
e
_
1
ln
3
xdx
6.

2
_
0
sin
6
dx vi n N
3.3 P S
1
34
27
2 2 ln2 1
3 e +

4
1
4
11
3
4 ln2
5
116
135
6 3 ln3 2
7
1
4
ln
5
3
8
1
2
ln 2
9 1
10
5 3e
2
4
11
2
3
12 ln 3 ln 2
13

8

1
4
ln 2
14
2
15
15
20
3
16
1
2
17
e
2
+ 3
4
18
1
2
(1 ln 2)
19

2 1
20
3
4e
2

1
4
21
12
91
22 ln2
3
8
23
231
10
24
2
9
e
2
+
1
9
25 ln

2 + e
1

2
1
26
76
15
27

2
8


4

1
2
28
1
3
ln 4
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Chuyn tch phn 6
O
y
x
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