Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.

.com 2R + 2nHCl 2RCln + nH2 Cc phng php khc mi qua violet/trinhyenkhanh ti nh 200 7,3 0,4 nHCl = = 0,4 (mol) nH2 = = 0,2 (mol). I. nguyn tc ca phng php 100 36,5 2 Phng php bin lun thng s dng cc cng c ton hc nh mRCl = (m + 0,4 35,5) = (m + 14,2) g. n bt ng thc, gii phng trnh nghim nguyn, kt hp vi mdung dch sau phn ng = (m + 200 0,4) = (m + 199,6) g. nhng c im, tnh cht, ca i tng cn tm gii m+ 14,2 11 ,96 bi tp. = m = 11 II. Cc trng hp thng gp m+ 199,6 100 1. Xc nh kim loi 11 0,4 = nR = MR = 27,5n. V d 1. Ho tan hon ton 1,52 g hn hp (X) gm Fe v kim MR n loi M thuc nhm IIA trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 0,672 lt Lp bng bin lun ta c : kh (ktc). Mt khc, 0,95 g kim loi M ni trn khng kh ht n 1 2 3 c 2 g CuO nhit cao. Kim loi M l 27,5 55 82,5 MR A. canxi. B. beri. C. bagie. D. bari. Vy kim loi R phi l mangan. Hng dn gii p n B ng Gi cng thc chung ca Fe v kim loi M l R. 2. Xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c R + 2HCl RCl2 + H2 Trong mt s bi tp xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp 0,672 nH = = 0,03 (mol) nR = 0,03 mol cht hu c, nu ch s dng nhng phng php thng th2 22,4 ng i khi vic gii s rt phc tp hoc i ti b tc do 1 ,52 khng d kin. Khi , nu s dng phng php bin M= = 50,67 (g/mol) 0,03 lun s cho kt qu tt hn. Do MFe = 56 g/mol > 50,67 g/mol nn nguyn t khi ca M phi V d : t chy hon ton 22,5 g cht hu c (X) thu c < 50,67 g/mol. 49,5 g CO2 v 27 g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca (X) l Khi cho M tc dng vi CuO : A. C12H16O5. B. C3H8O3. C. C6H8O. D. C6H16O M + CuO MO + Cu Hng dn gii nM = x mol < nCuO = 0,025 mol Phn tch : Ta tnh khi lng ca C, H c trong 22,5 g (X) 0,95 0,95 ri so snh vi 22,5 ; nu tng khi lng ca hai nguyn t C, H MM = > = 38 (g/mol) 0,025 x nh hn 22,5 g th trong (X) c oxi ; nu hai khi lng bng nhau th (X) l hirocacbon. Sau lp t l nC : nH : nO v 38 g/mol < MM < 50,67 g/mol ; kt hp vi d kin M l kim loi bin lun tm ra cng thc phn t ca (X). thuc nhm IIA M l canxi (M = 40 g/mol). 49,6 p n A ng. Bi gii : mC trong 22,5 g (X) = 12 = 13,5 (g). V d 2. Ho tan m gam mt kim loi R vo 200 g dung dch 44 HCl 7,3% (va ), thu c dung dch (X) trong nng % 27 mH trong 22,5 g (X) = 2 = 3 (g). mui clorua ca R l 11,966%. Gi tr ca m v tn kim loi R l 18 A. 11 v st. B. 11 v mangan. C. 9,732 v magie. D. 9,732 Vy trong 22,5 g (X) c : 22,5 13,5 3 = 6 (g) oxi. v nhm. Ta c t l s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong (X) l : Hng dn gii Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 1

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com A(X) = N + P = 2P 13,5 3 6 : : nC : nH : nO = = 1,125 : 3 : 0,375 = 3 : 8 : 1 Ta c : (xP + P) = 58 12 1 16 2P + 4 P+2 P + 2 46,667 Cng thc phn t ca (X) c dng (C3H8O)n hay C3nH8nOn = = = %mM = 2xP'+ 2P + 4 xP'+ P + 2 58+ 2 100 Ta li c : 8n 2 3n + 2 n 1 v n l s nguyn dng n = P = 26 xP= 32 1 Do X l phi kim chu k 3 nn X ch c th l Si (P = 14) ; P Cng thc phn t ca (X) l C3H8O. (P = 15) ; S (P = 16) hoc Cl (P = 17). 3. Phn ng gia hai dung dch mui Mt khc, x phi l s nguyn dng nn ch c cp x = 2 V d : Cho 8,94 g mui MX (M l kim loi kim, cn X l halogen) vo dung dch AgNO3 d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu v P = 16 l tho mn. Vy M l st ; X l lu hunh v (A) l pirit st (FeS2). c 17,22 g kt ta. Cng thc ca mui MX l III. Bi tp c li gii A. NaCl. B. KCl. C. NaBr. D. KBr. 1. Bi tp trc nghim Hng dn gii Bi 1. Cho hn hp kh (X) gm 0,1 mol etan, 0,2 mol eten, MX + AgNO3 MNO3 + AgX 0,1 mol etin v 0,36 mol hiro i qua ng s ng Ni, ung Gi nguyn t khi ca M, X ln lt l M v X. nng thu c hn hp kh (Y). Dn hn hp kh (Y) qua bnh Ta c : (M + X) g MX phn ng to ra (108 + X) g kt ta. ng nc brom d, khi lng bnh nc brom tng 1,64 g v c 8,94 g MX phn ng to ra 17,22 g kt ta. hn hp kh (Z) thot ra khi bnh. Khi lng ca hn hp kh 17,22M + 8,28X = 965,52 8,61M + 4,14X = 482,76 (Z) l (1) A. 8,20 g. B. 10,28 g. C. 9,58 g. D. Do AgX kt ta nn X phi l Cl hoc Br hoc I X 35,5. 13,26 g. Mt khc, phng trnh (1) c nghim th : 4,14X < Hng dn gii (482,76 8,61 7) Ta c : m(Z) + mkh b nc brom hp th = mhn hp (Y) = mhn hp (X) X < 102,05. Vy X ch c th l clo hoc brom. = (0,1 30 + 0,2 28 + 0,1 26 + 0,36 2) = 11,92 * Nu X l clo ta c M = 39 hay M l kali. Mui MX l KCl. (g) * Nu X l brom ta c M = 17,6 (loi v khng c nghim ph m(Z) = 11,92 1,64 = 10,28 (g). hp). p n B ng. p n B ng. Bi 2. Cho a gam hn hp (M) gm hai mui NaCl v NaBr tc 4. Xc nh s ht trong nguyn t dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c kt ta c khi lV d : Hp cht (A) c cng thc phn t l MXx ; trong M l kim loi v chim 46,667% v khi lng. X l phi kim chu k ng gp m ln khi lng ca AgNO3 phn ng. Khong xc 3. Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c s proton t hn s ntron l nh ca m l A. m > 0. B. 1,8 < m < 1,9. C. 0,844 < m < 1,106. 4 ht, trong ht nhn nguyn t X c s proton bng s ntron. D. 1,023 < m < 1,189. Tng s proton trong mt phn t (A) l 58. Xc nh M, X v Hng dn gii tn gi ca (A). Gi cng thc chung ca NaCl v NaBr l NaX. Hng dn gii Gi N, Nv P, P ln lt l s notron, s proton trong nguyn t M NaX + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgX v nguyn t X. A(M) = N + P = (2P + 4) Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 2

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com D. metylamin, propylamin v phenylamin. mAgX 108+ M X = Ta c : =m Hng dn gii mAgNO3 170 Do c ba cht (X), (Y) v (Z) u tc dng vi axit HCl v cho 108+ 35,5 ra mui RNH3Cl nn c ba cht u l amin n chc, Gi s hn hp (M) ch c mui NaCl, ta c : m = = 170 bc I. 0,844 * Gi cng thc phn t ca amin (X) l CaHbN, ta c : 14 45,16 108+ 80 = 12a + b = 17 Gi s hn hp (M) ch cha mui NaBr ta c : m = = 12a + b + 14 100 170 Ch c a = 1 v b = 5 tho mn. 1,106 Cng thc phn t ca (X) l CH5N hay CH3NH2. Vy khong xc nh ca m l : 0,844 < m < 1,106 Gi cng thc phn t ca amin (Y) l CmHnN, ta c : p n C ng. 14 23,73 Bi 3. Hiro ho hon ton 4,2 g mt anehit n chc (X) = 12m + n = 45 cn va 3,36 lt kh hiro (ktc). Bit (X) cha khng qu 4 12m + n + 14 100 nguyn t C, tn gi ca (X) l Ch c cp m = 3, n = 9 l tho mn. A. etanal. B. propenal. C. propanal. D. metanal. Cng thc phn t ca (Y) l C3H9N hay C3H7NH2. * Gi cng thc phn t ca amin (Z) l CpHqN, ta c : Hng dn gii 14 15,05 Gi cng thc phn t ca (X) l CnH2n+12kCHO (n v k l s = 12p + q = 79 nguyn t C v s lin kt trong gc hirocabon). 12p + q + 14 100 CnH2n+12kCHO + (k + 1)H2 CnH2n+1CH2OH p, q u l s nguyn dng v q 2p + 3 (14n + 30 2k) g (k + 1) mol 76 = 5, 428 . 79 12p 2p + 3 p 4,2 g 0,15 mol 14 nH = 0,15 mol 0,15(14n + 30 2k) = 4,2(k + 1) n = 79 2 = 6,583 Mt khc, 12p < 79 p < 30k 2 12 Vy 5,428 p < 6,583 ; do p l s nguyn dng nn p = 6 v 14 q=7 Do s nguyn t C trong (X) 4 n 3 ; k 2 Cng thc phn t ca (Z) l C6H7N hay C6H5NH2. Nu k = 0 n < 0 (loi) p n C ng. Nu k = 1 n = 2 (tho mn) 2. Bi tp t lun Nu k = 2 n = 4,143 > 4 (loi) Bi 1. t chy hon ton a gam mt hp cht hu c (B) Vy (X) l propenal. p n B ng. cha C, H, N thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2, 1,12 lt kh N2 v 0,25 Bi 4. Cho ba hp cht hu c (X), (Y) v (Z) u cha C, H, N mol H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (B). Bit cc th trong phn t. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca N trong (X), (Y) tch kh c o ktc. v (Z) ln lt l 45,16%, 23,73% v 15,05%. Bit (X), (Y) v (Z) u tc dng vi axit HCl cho ra mui amoni c dng RNH3Cl. Tn Hng dn gii Khi lng ca cc nguyn t thu c khi t chy hon ton a gi (X), (Y) v (Z) ln lt l gam (B) l : A. metylamin, etylamin v anilin. 2,24 1 ,12 B. etylamin, propylamin v phenylamin. mC = 12 = 1,2 (g) ; mN = 28 = 1,4 (g) ; mH = 22,4 22,4 C. metylamin, propylamin v benzylamin Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 3

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com 1 ,12 2 0,25 = 0,5 (g). 4,4 mC = 12 = 1,2 (g) ; mN = 28 = 1,4 (g). 1 0,5 1 ,2 ,4 22,4 44 : : Ta c t l : nC : nH : nN = = 0,1 : 0,5 : 0,1 = 1 : 5 : 1 12 1 14 moxi cn dng l = 0,225 32 = 7,2 (g). Cng thc thc nghim ca (B) l CnH5nNn. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c : Do 5n 2 n + 2 + n n 1 n = 1. m(A) + nO2 = mCO2 + mH2O + mN2 Vy cng thc phn t ca (X) l CH5N. 4,5 Bi 2. Oxi ho hon ton 4,6 g cht hu c (D) bng CuO un mH2O = 4,5 g mH = 2 = 0,5 (g). 18 nng nhit cao. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 1 0,5 1 ,2 ,4 (ktc) v nc, ng thi thy khi lng cht rn thu c gim : : Ta c t l : nC : nH : nN = = 0,1 : 0,5 : 0,1 = 1 : 5 : 9,6 g so vi khi lng ca CuO ban u. Xc nh cng thc 12 1 14 1 phn t ca (D). Cng thc thc nghim ca (A) l CnH5nNn. Hng dn gii Do 5n 2 n + 2 + n n 1 n = 1. S phn ng : (D) + CuO CO2 + H2O + Cu Vy cng thc phn t ca (A) l CH5N. Khi lng ca CuO gim l do mt phn oxi trong CuO chuyn vo CO2 v nc. (Khi lng oxi chuyn vo CO2 v nc = 9,6 g). Bi 4. Hn hp (X) gm mt s hirocacbon mch h l ng Nn c th tm tt s phn ng nh sau : (D) + [O] CO2 + ng lin tip nhau c tng phn t khi l 648. Cho bit phn t khi cht nng nht gp 8 ln phn t khi cht H2O nh nht. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hirocacbon. 4,48 8,8 mCO = 44 = 8,8 (g) mC = 12 = 2,4 (g). Hng dn gii 2 22,4 22 Cc hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip th phn t khi 1 0,5 1 ,2 ,4 ca chng lp thnh mt cp s cng c cng sai l 14. Gi s : : Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c : 12 1 14 hirocacbon c trong (X) l n. Ta c : 5,4 mH O = 4,6 + 9,6 8,8 = 5,4 (g) mH = Mn = 8M1 = M1 + (n 1)14 7M1 = (n 1)14 M1 = 2(n 1) 2 = 0,6 (g). 2 18 (1) mO c trong 4,6 g (D) = 4,6 2,4 0,6 = 1,6 (g). 144 M + Mn 9M1 n Sn = 1 n = 648 = 648 hay M1 = 2,4 0,6 1 ,6 n 2 2 : : Ta c t l : nC : nH : nO = = 0,2 : 0,6 : 0,1 = 2 : 6 : 1 12 1 16 (2) Cng thc thc nghim ca (D) l C2nH6nOn. T (1) v (2), ta c phng trnh : n2 n 72 = 0 Ta c : 6n 2 2n + 2 n 1 v n nguyn dng n = 1. Gii ra ta c n = 9 (loi nghim n = 8) M1 = 16. Cng thc phn t ca (D) l C2H6O. Gi cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon ny l CxHy, ta c : Bi 3. t chy hon ton 3,1 g cht hu c (A) cn va 12x + y = 16 Ch c x = 1 v y = 4 tho mn. 0,225 mol oxi, thu c 4,4 g CO2, hi nc v 1,12 lt kh nit Vy 9 hirocacbon l : (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (A). CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12, C6H14, C7H16, C8H18 v C9H20. Hng dn gii Bi 5. Hn hp (X) gm nhiu ankan lin tip nhau. Tng Khi lng ca cc nguyn t thu c khi t chy hon ton 3,1 g phn t khi ca cc ankan trong hn hp (X) l 204. Xc (A) l : nh cng thc ca cc ankan trong hn hp (X). Hng dn gii Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 4

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com Tng t nh bi 4, ta c : Mn = M1 + (n 1)14 p n : C M1 + M n 2M1 + 14(n 1) Bi 4. Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c s proton t hn s Sn = n = n = 204 [M1 + 7(n 1)]n = ntron l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn nguyn t X c s proton bng 2 2 s ntron. Tng s proton trong hp cht MXn l 58. Cng thc 204 phn t hp cht MXn l 204 M1 + 7(n 1) = (1) A. FeS2. B. MgO. C. FeS. D. FeO. n p n : A 204 7(n 1) < 7n2 7n 204 < 0 Bi 5. Cho hn hp (X) gm a mol Mg v b mol Zn vo dung n dch (Y) cha x mol Cu(NO3)2 v y mol AgNO3. Bit a < Gii ra ta c 4,92 < n < 5,92 (n nguyn, dng) 1 n 5. y Thay cc gi tr ca n vo (1) ta thy ch c n = 4, M1 = 30 l x + ; biu thc lin h gia b vi a, x v y dung dch 2 tho mn. sau phn ng cha 3 ion kim loi l Vy hn hp (X) gm bn ankan : C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 v C5H12. y y IV. Bi tp t gii - a D. b < x + A. b > (x a) B. b < (x a) C. b < x + 1. Bi tp trc nghim 2 2 Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,448 lt hn hp kh (A) gm propan p n : C v mt hirocacbon khng no (X) thu c 2,2 g kh cacbonic v Bi 6. (X) l ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,35 mol 1,08 g nc. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon (X) l (X) cn va 31,36 lt oxi (ktc). Bit ancol (X) c kh A. C2H2. B. C2H4. C. C3H4. D. C3H6. nng ho tan Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch c mu xanh. Tn p n : B gi ca (X) l Bi 2. Cho 3 hp cht hu c (X), (Y) v (Z). Thnh phn % v A. glixerol (glixerin hay propan1,2,3triol). B. etan1,2 khi lng ca cc nguyn t trong (X) l : cacbon 24,24% ; hiro iol. 4,04% v clo 71,71%. Khi t chy 0,12 g cht (Y) thu c 0,176 C. propan1,2iol. D. propan1,3iol. g CO2 v 0,072 g H2O. Thu phn (X) hoc kh (Y) u thu c p n : C (Z). Cc cht (X), (Y), (Z) ln lt l Bi 7. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol axit hu c (X) n chc A. 1,1icloetan, etanial v etaniol. cn 3,36 lt kh oxi (ktc). Tn gi ca X l B. 1,1,2tricloetan, 2hiroxietannal v etaniol. A. axit acrylic (axit propenoic). B. axit fomic (axit metanoic). C. etyl clorua, etanal v etanol. C. axit axetic (axit etanoic). D. axit metacrylic (axit 2 D. 1,2icloetan, 2hiroxietanal v etaniol. metylpropenoic). p n : D p n : A Bi 3. Hn hp (X) gm hai hirocacbon l ng ng lin Bi 8. Oxi ho 4,0 g mt monoancol th thu c 5,6 g hn hp tip. Phn t khi trung bnh ca hn hp (X) l 31,6. Cho 6,32 (X) gm anehit, ancol v nc. Cho hn hp (X) tc dng ht vi g hn hp (X) li qua 200 g dung dch cha cht xc tc thch dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th khi lng bc thu c l hp th thu c dung dch (Y) v thy thot ra 2,688 lt kh kh A. 10,8 g. B. 21,6 g. C. 16,2 g. D. (Z) ktc. Phn t khi trung bnh hn hp (Z) l 33. Bit rng 43,2 g. dung dch (Y) cha anehit. Nng % ca anehit trong p n : D dung dch (Y) l Bi 9. (X) l mt hirocacbon mch h. 0,1 mol (X) tc dng A. 1,043%. B. 1,208%. C. 1,305%. D. 1,407%. va vi 300 ml dung dch Br2/CCl4 1M to ra mt dn xut Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 5

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com c cha 90,22% brom v khi lng. Bit hirocacbon (X) tc khng kh n khi lng khng i c 6 g cht rn (D). dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta. Cng thc cu to Thm NaOH d vo dung dch (B), lc kt ta, ra sch ri nung ca hirocacbon (X) l nhit cao n khi lng khng i th c 5,2 g cht A. CH C C CH. B. CH2 = CH C CH. rn (E). Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca tng C. CH2 = CH CH2 C CH. D. CH C CH2 C CH. kim loi trong hn hp (A). Gi thit rng cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. p n : B Bi 10. Hn hp (X) cha hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc l p n : Zn (28,38%) ; Fe (36,68%) ; Cu (34,94%) ng ng k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Trn u hn Bi 4. Cho 0,702 g mui RX (R l kim loi kim cn X l hp (X) vi mt axit thuc dy ng ng ca axit acrylic c halogen) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d. Sau khi phn ng hn hp (Y). Ly 2,96 g hn hp (Y) cho tc dng vi dung dch kt thc thu c dung dch (A) v 1,722 g kt ta (B). Xc NaOH va , sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 4,06 g nh cc nguyn t R v X. hn hp mui khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 5,92 g hn p n : R l natri v X l clo hp (Y) thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tn gi ca cc axit trong Bi 5. Cho 2 dung dch : dung dch (A) cha Al2(SO4)3 v hn hp (Y) l dung dch (B) cha NaOH u cha bit nng . Tin hnh A. axit metanoic, axit etanoic, axit acrylic. hai th nghim sau : B. axit metanoic, axit etanoic, axit metacrylic. Th nghim 1 : Trn 100 ml dung dch (A) vi 120 ml dung dch C. axit etanoic, axit propanoic, axit acrylic. (B) thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i D. axit etanoic, axit propanoic, axit metacrylic. c 2,04 g cht rn. p n : A Th nghim 2 : Trn 100 ml dung dch (A) vi 200 ml dung dch 2. Bi tp t lun (B) thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i Bi 1. Np mt hn hp kh (X) gm hirocacbon (A) v oxi (d) c 2,04 g cht rn. theo t l th tch 1 : 4 vo kh nhin k. Sau khi cho n v a) Xc nh nng mol ca hai dung dch (A) v (B). ngng t hi nc ri a v nht ban u th thu c hn hp b) Phi thm vo 100 ml dung dch (A) bao nhiu mililt dung kh (Y). p sut ca hn hp (Y) bng mt na p sut ca hn dch (B) cht rn thu c sau khi nung kt ta c khi lhp kh (X). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon (A). ng 1,36 g ? p n : Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon (A) l C2H6 p n : a) [Al2(SO4)3] = 0,3M ; [NaOH] = 1M (etan) b) VB = 80 ml hoc VB = 640/3ml Bi 2. Hn hp (X) gm x hirocacbon mch h c dng tng Bi 6. Cho 3,72 g hn hp (A) gm hai kim loi Zn v Fe vo qut l CnHm ; trong m lp thnh cp s cng c tng bng 200 ml dung dch (B) cha hn hp HCl 0,5M v H2SO4 0,15M. 32 v c cng sai bng 4. Tng phn t khi ca cc a) Hn hp (A) tan ht trong dung dch (B) hay cha ? hirocacbon trong hn hp (X) l 212. Phn t khi ca cc b) Nu khi lng kh hiro bay ln l 0,12 g th khi lng mui hirocacbon t M1 n Mx1 cng lp thnh cp s cng c cng khan thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng l bao nhiu sai bng 16. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hirocacbon gam ? trong hn hp (X). p n : a) Hn hp (A) tan ht trong dung dch (B) p n : C2H2, C3H6, C4H10 v C6H14 b) 8,23 g khi lng mui 8,73 g Bi 3. Cho 4,58 g hn hp (A) gm ba kim loi Zn, Fe v Cu vo Bi 7. Cho 2,2 g hn hp (A) gm hai kim loi Al v Fe phn cc ng 85 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c ng hon ton vi 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,3M (D = 1,05 g/ml). dung dch (B) v kt ta (C). Lc tch kt ta (C) ri nung trong a) Tnh th tch kh hiro bay ln ktc. Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 6

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com b) Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c sau Bi 13. Hn hp (A) gm hai kim loi X v Y c ho tr khng phn ng. i v khc ho tr I. Ly 7,68 g hn hp (A) chia thnh hai phn bng nhau : p n : Vhiro = 6,72 lt ; C%AlCl3 = 1,27% Phn (1) nung trong oxi d n phn ng hon ton thu c Bi 8. Cho 3,94 g hn hp (A) gm hai kim loi M v M (c ho tr khng i v u ng trc hiro trong dy hot ng ho 6,0 g hn hp cht rn (B) gm hai oxit. Phn (2) ho tan hon ton trong dung dch cha HCl v hc) tan hon ton trong dung dch hn hp HCl v H2SO4 long H2SO4 long, thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch (C). C thy c 1,12 lt kh hiro bay ln (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui cn dung dch (C) c m gam mui khan. thu c. a) Tnh V v tm khong xc nh ca m. p n : 7,49 g khi lng mui 8,74 g b) Xc nh hai kim loi X v Y, bit s mol ca hn hp (A) Bi 9. Ho tan 19,2 g kim loi R trong dung dch H2SO4 c, ng vi mi phn trn l 0,1 mol v MX, MY > 20 g/mol. nng, d thu c SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cho kh ny p n : a) 13,425 < m < 16,8 ; b) X v Y l nhm v hp th hon ton vo 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,7M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 41,8 g cht rn khan. Xc nh kim km Bi 14. t chy hon ton 1 mol axit cacboxylic n loi R. chc (X) cn va 3,5 mol oxi. p n : Kim loi R l ng Bi 10. un nng mt ankan (A) th kh vi cht xc tc thch a) Tm cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca (X). hp xy ra phn ng tch mt phn t H2, sau phn ng thu b) Trn 7,4 g (X) vi mt lng va ancol no (Y) ri un nng hn hp vi axit H2SO4 c. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh (A) c t khi so vi hiro bng 12,571. Lp cng thc phn t ca (A) v tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tch c 8,7 g este (Z). Trong phn t (Z) ch c nhm chc este. Tm cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca ancol hiro. (Y), bit t khi ca (Y) so vi oxi nh hn 2. p n : C hai trng hp : p n : a) Cng thc phn t ca (X) l C3H6O2 * C2H6 (H = 19,3%) (CH3CH2COOH) * C3H8 (H = 75%) b) Cng thc phn t ca (Y) l C2H6O2 Bi 11. Cho hn hp (X) gm hai kim loi Al v M, trong s (HOCH2CH2OH) mol M nhiu hn s mol Al. Ho tan hon ton 1,08 g hn hp Bi 15. Nhit phn hon ton 20 g hn hp (A) gm MgCO3, (X) bng 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c 1,176 lt kh (ktc) v CaCO3 v BaCO3 thu c kh (B) v cht rn (D). Cho kh (B) dung dch (Y). Cho dung dch (Y) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 hp th ht vo nc vi trong thu c 10 g kt ta v dung d thu c 17,9375 g kt ta. Bit M c ho tr II, tnh nng dch (E). un nng dung dch (E) ti phn ng hon ton thy mol ca dung dch HCl v xc nh kim loi M. to thnh thm 6,0 g kt ta. Tm khong xc nh ca p n : [HCl] = 1,25M ; M l magie thnh phn % v khi lng ca MgCO3 trong hn hp (A). Bi 12. Mt hn hp kh (A) gm ba hirocacbon (X), (Y), (Z), trong (Y) v (Z) c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v s p n : 52,5% < % m MgCO3 < 86,75% mol (X) gp 4 ln tng s mol ca (Y) v (Z) c trong hn hp. Bi 16. Khi lng ring ca hn hp (X) gm C2H4, C3H6 v H2 t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp (A) thu c 1,568 lt kh CO2 (ktc) l a g/lt. Khi cho hn hp (X) i qua bnh kn c xc v 2,025 g nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ba hirocacbon tc Ni un nng mt thi gian th thu c hn hp kh (Y). Vi trong hn hp kh (A), bit cc th tch kh u o ktc. nhng gi tr no ca a th hn hp (Y) khng lm mt mu p n : Hn hp (A) gm ba hirocacbon CH4, C3H8, C3H4 dung dch brom ? hoc ba hirocacbon CH4, C3H8, C3H6 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing! 7

Chuyn cc phng php gii bi tp ha hc: Phng php bin lun - Trinh.hoaTHPT.edu@gmail.com p n : C hai trng hp : 0,6696 < a < 0,9821 hoc a 0,6696 Bi 17. Cht hu c (A) cha C, H, O v N. Khi t chy hon ton (A) thu c s mol nc gp 1,75 ln s mol CO2. Tng s mol CO2, H2O to thnh bng hai ln s mol oxi phn ng ; M(A) < 95 g/mol. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (A). p n : Cng thc phn t ca (A) l C2H7O2N Bi 18. Hn hp kh (A) gm mt olefin v hiro (c t l mol l 1 : 1) 820oC, 1 atm. Cho hn hp (A) i qua ng ng bt Ni un nng (lm xc tc) ; sau mt thi gian phn ng thu c hn hp kh (B) c t khi so vi hiro bng 23,2. Bit hiu sut phn ng cng hiro l H, xc nh cng thc phn t ca olefin v tnh H. p n : C ba trng hp tho mn : *C4H8 ; H = 75% *C5H10 ; H = 44,8% * C6H12 ; H = 14,6% Bi 19. Ho tan ln lt a gam Mg, b gam Fe v c gam mt oxit st trong dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c 1,23 lt kh hiro ( 270C, 1 atm) v dung dch (B). 1/5 lng dung dch (B) tc dng va vi 60 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,05M thu c 7,314 g mui trung ho. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st dng. p n : Fe3O4 Bi 20. Nguyn t brom c hai ng v A1 v A2. Tng s cc ht khng mang in trong A1 v A2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2 g Ca tc dng va vi brom thu c 5,994 g canxi bromua (CaBr2). Bit t l s khi ca A1 v A2 l 605 : 495. a) Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom, A1 v A2. b) C bao nhiu nguyn t A1 v bao nhiu nguyn t A2 trong 1 phn t Br2 ? p n : a) M = 79,9 ; A1 = 79 v A2 = 81
79 b) * S nguyn t ng v 35 Br = 3,313. 1023 * S nguyn t ng v 81 Br = 2,71. 1023 35

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca nhng k li bing!