CHNG VII HNH CT V MT CT Hnh ct l hnh bn trong ca mt i tng sau khi ct tng tng nhng chi tit bn trong

ong ca i tng . Mt ct trong hnh ct dng ch vt th hnh khi c ct xuyn qua. Mt ct c gch kiu gch mt ct thch hp vi vt liu ca vt th. ANSI ( American National Standard institute ) v ISO ( International Organization of Standardization) cng b nhng cu hnh chun cho mt ct. AutoCAD cho php ta chn 1 vng bao quanh v chn mu mt ct v nhng tham s nh dng mu mt ct, sau AutoCAD t ng v mt ct. 1) Khi nim mu mt ct v ng bin mt ct: Mt mu mt ct bao gm nhiu on thng c dng ng, khong cch v gc c bit. AutoCAD cung cp nhiu mu mt ct tiu chun cho ta la chn. Ta ch cn xc nh phm vi mt ct v AutoCAD t ng t y vng c chn c th vi mu mt ct chn. Mt mu mt ct c AutoCAD coi nh l 1 i tng. 2) Lnh to mt ct - BHATCH : Vi lnh BHATCH, ta c th nh ngha ng bin ca mt vng c ct n gin bng cch t con tr trong vng bao quanh ( khp kn). N hot ng trong ch hp thoi. Cc mu mt ct c to thnh l mu kt hp, ngha l mu mt ct c kt hp vi ng bin, nh vy khi hnh dng ng bin thay i th mu mt ct t ng iu chnh ph hp vi hnh dng mi. Cc bc to mt ct bng lnh BHATCH nh sau: To hnh cn mt ct. Nu ta nh a vn bn hoc kch thc vo vng ct hy a vo trc khi ct. Gi lnh BHATCH. Hp thoi Boundary HATCH xut hin. Xc nh Pattern Type ( loi mu ct s dng). Xc nh Scale v Angle Xc nh phm vi mt ct. Xem trc v iu chnh cc tham s mt ct Xc nhn cc la chn Xem xt nhng vng khc b ct b sung. V ng ct trong hnh tip gip vi hnh ct Hiu chnh ng ct, mt ct. C th nh sau: a) Bc gi lnh BHATCH: Ta gi lnh BHATCH bng mt trong cc phng php sau: G lnh BHATCH ti dng nhc lnh ( c th g tt BH ). Chn menu DRAW, chn HATCH Chn DRAW2, ri chn BHATCH ti menu mn hnh: Bm vo nt BHATCH - trn thanh cng c v: Sau thao tc ny hp thoi Boundary Hatch xut hin nh hnh sau:

b) Bc xc nh mu mt ct: Ta s dng mc Pattern Type trn hp thoi xc nh mu mt ct. Mc ny c cc ni dung sau:

 Bm vo LIST PATTERN, ta chn cc tu chn sau: *) Predefined: Dng kch hot hp thoi Hatch pattern palette hin th tn cc mu mt ct v hnh nh mu mt ct bng chn Predefined sau chn nt Pattern - , hp thoi xut hin nh hnh sau. Ta s chn mu mt ct c nh ngha trc da trn hnh mu hoa vn hoc tn ca n.

*) User- Defined: Tu chn ny xc nh mt mu hoa vn mt ct n gin, n s lm v hiu lc tu chn Pattern v Scale v lm c hiu lc tu chn Angle, spacing v Double. xc nh mu mt ct UserDefined rt d dng bng cch xc nh gc, khong cch gia cc on thng v tu to ng Double. *) Custom: Mu mt ct Custom c to ra c lu tr ti 1 ni khc vi mu User- Defined. Mu Custom c th l cc ng lin tc, ng dng chm v ng gch ni. N cho php ta to v lu mu mt ct tu . c) Bc xc nh cc tham s mu mt ct - Pattern Properties : Bc ny s dng xc nh loi mu hoa vn mt ct v cc tham s nh hng n mu mt ct. N c cc tu chn: ISO Pen Width - : tu chn ny cho php ta chn mu mt ct ISO. Pattern : l danh sch s xung hin th tn mu mt ct ta chn. Scale: H s t l c p dng cho mu mt ct Angle: gc nghing so vi mu mt ct ban u. Spacing: ch c hiu lc khi mu mt ct User-Defind c chn. Double: ch c hiu lc khi mu mt ct User-Defind c chn. d) Chn ng bin vng s gch mt ct - Boundary - : Vng Boundary dng chn ng bin vng s c gch mt ct. Cc tu chn vng ny nh sau: Pick Pints: tu chn ny l AutoCAD t ng xc nh phm vi vng ct. ta ch cn xc nh 1 im bn trong vng mun gch mt ct. Vng phi c bao kn bi cc i tng v. AutoCAD s nhc nh ta: Select internal point: Selecting everything... Selecting everything visible... Analyzing the selected data... Analyzing internal islands... Select internal point: Khi 1 im bn trong c chn, AutoCAD tm kim v lm sng ng bin. Select Object: y l cch m ta t xc nh ng bin vng cn gch mt ct. Ta phi chn ng bin bao kn th mi gch mt ct c. Tu chn ny c thay th cho tu chn trn gch mt ct tr phn vn bn hoc v ng ct ngang trn n. AutoCAD s nhc nh ta: Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found ..... Select objects:

 Remove Island: Tu chn ny cho php ta chn thnh phn ng tch ring loi khi nhng thnh phn AutoCAD tm thy trong ng bin ngoi cng. AutoCAD s nhc nh ta: Select island to remove: ...... Select island to remove: thy tc dng tu chn ny khi s dng tu chn ny, ta xem xt th d sau: - Hnh sau khng s dng REMOVE ISLAND: - Hnh sau s dng REMOVE ISLAND: View Selections: Tu chn ny th AutoCAD s chn tt c ng bin c chn. N c th s dng nh mt du chn nhm m bo vng ta cn chn. Advanced: Nt ny kch hot Advanced Options nh hnh sau:

Hp thoi ny c cc tu chn: *) Define Boundary Set: tu chn ny th AutoCAD kim tra tt c nhng i tng trn mn hnh khi xc nh ng bin bng phng php Pick Points. Nhp vo nt Make new Boundary Set s xo hp thoi v cho php ta chn i tng hoc chn mt ca s xc nh tp hp ng bin mi. *) Style: Tu chn ny cho php ta xc nh cch thc mu mt ct c v khi vng bn trong ng bin c xc nh cha vn bn hoc vng khp kn. Ta chn cc gi tr t danh sch hoc nhp vo biu tng trong ca s nh sau: Tu chn ny c p dng ch khi nhng i tng bn trong bao gm trong tp hp c chn. Ngc li th bn ngoi tp hp c chn. Cc kiu Style nh sau: - Normal: la chn ny c s dng hu ht cc ng dng ca lnh BHATCH. Van bn hoc hnh khp kn trong ng khp kn c coi l ngoi. Qu trnh k mt ctbt u ti ng bin bn ngoi v di chuyn vo trong xen k gia vic k v khng k khi gp phi ng khp kn hoc vn bn. - Outer: tu chn ny ch ct mt ngoi hnh khp kn. - Ignor: k ht khng quan tm bt k hnh dng no trong ng bin. *) Island Detection: b tu chn ny ging nh trng hp Ignor *) Retain Boundaries: Khi AutoCAD s dng phng php Pick Points xc nh phm vi mt ct, mt i tng tm thi c to cho mt ct, sau s b loi b khi kt thc qu trnh v mt ct. Chn tu chn ny s khng ch AutoCAD gi ng bin. Khi hp tu chn ny c chn th lnh BHATCH to ra 2 i - mu mt ct v i tng ng bin. *) Object Type: Lnh BHATCH to ra ng bin Region hoc Polyline. Tu chn ny ch c hiu lc khi hp Retain Boundaries c chn. e) Xem trc v iu chnh cc tham s mt ct - Preview hatch: Ta phi lun lun s dng tu chn ny sau khi xc nh cc tham s mt ct v chn ng bin, nhng trc khi chn hy n nh mt ct. Tu chn ny cho php tm kim tm thi mu mt ct trong bn v vi nhng ci t c p dng hin hnh v cho php ta iu chnh nhng ci t nu cn thit trc khi s dng Apply. Sau khi xem bn v nhn nt Continue s hin th li hp thoi Boundary Hatch hiu chnh. g) Xc nhn cc la chn: Sau khi iu chnh cc tham s mt ct t yu cu, ta bm nt APPLY xc nhn mt ct. Mt ct vi cc tham s do ta va xc nh s c AutoCAD t ng v vi cc vng c ng bin bao kn do ta xc nh. h) Mt s tu chn khc:

*) Inherit Properties: Tu chn ny cho php ta chn mu mt ct t 1 mu tn ti trong bn v. Hp thoi ny bin mt v dng nhc "Select hatch objects:" xut hin. Chn mu mt ct v trc s ci t li tt c cc tham s trong hp thoi Boundary Hatch ng dng tun t cho vng mt ct khc. *) Associative: y l tu chn bt tt c tnh kt hp p dng cho mt ct mi. Mu mt ct kt hp t ng cp nht ph hp vi hnh dng vng phm vi mi khi ng bin thay i. Mt mu mt ct khng kt hp khng thay i ngay c khi ng bin thay i. *) Exploded: Lnh BHATCH thng thng v 1 mu mt ct ging 1 i tng tng t nh khi. nh du hp ny s lm cho mu mt ct tch ra trc khi chn vo bn v. Mu mt ct b ph v cho php ta hiu chnh tng ng v ring bit. 3) Lnh v mt ct - HATCH: Lnh HATCH phi g t bn phm, khng c trn menu lnh. Lnh ny s dng nhiu tu chn ca lnh BHATCH. Khc nhau l lnh ny khng to mt ct kt hp v khng s dng phng php Pick Points to ng bin. Thng ta dng lnh BHATCH thay cho lnh HATCH tr trng hp c bit. Khi s dng lnh ny ta phi tm ng bin t cc i tng tn ti. ng bin c th l cc i tng PLINE, POLYGON, SPLINE, CIRCLE, LINE, ARC nhng phi khp kn. Nu i tng vt qu ng bin th kt qu ct s khng chnh xc. Dng thc lnh: Command: Hatch Enter pattern name or [?/Solid/user defined]<ANSI31>: Scale for pattern<1.000>: Angle for pattern: Select hatch boundaries or RETURN for direct hatch option: Select objects: ......... Select objects:Enter Command: Phng php DIRECT HATCH ca lnh HATCH l ta xc nh cc im nh ngha ng bin, ngha phng php ny l ta c th to mt mu mt ct khng s dng cc i tng tn ti nh ng bin, ta c th gi li hoc b ng bin ny khi gch mt ct xong.

Dng thc lnh: Command: Hatch Enter pattern name or [?/Solid/user defined]<ANSI31>: Scale for pattern<1.000>: Angle for pattern: Select hatch boundaries or RETURN for direct hatch option Select objects: Enter Retain polyline ?<N> : Arc/Close/Length/Undo/<Next point>: .... Arc/Close/Length/Undo/<Next point>: Arc/Close/Length/Undo/<Next point>:c From point or RETURN to apply hatch: Command:

4) Lnh hiu chnh mt ct - HATCHEDIT: Lnh ny cho php ta hiu chnh mt mt ct kt hp ang tn ti trong bn v. Ta gi lnh HATCHEDIT bng mt trong cc phng php sau: G lnh HATCHEDIT ti dng nhc lnh. Chn menu MODIFY, chn OBJECT, chn HATCH

Chn DRAW2, ri chn BHATCH ti menu mn hnh: Bm vo nt BHATCH - trn thanh cng c v: Sau thao tc ny hp thoi HATCHEDIT xut hin nh hnh sau:

R rng hp thoi HATCHEDIT v c bn ging hp thoi Boundary HATCH vi 1 s tu chn v hiu lc. 5) Hiu chnh ng bin bng Grips: Ta c th dng Grips mt cch hiu qu hiu chnh ng bin mt ct ca mt ct kt hp. Thc hin iu ny bng cch chn ng bin bng hp chn. Cn ch phi m bo l chn ng bin khng chn i tng mt ct th mi m bo khng mt tnh kt hp nh hnh v. 6) Lnh tu chn i tng ca mt ct: Khi ta chn mt i tng mt ct hiu chnh ( ch nhp vo mt on thng ca ton b mu mt ct ), ta thc s chn ton b i tng mt ct. Mc nh, khi ta nhp chn bt k thnh phn no ca mu mt ct , i tng mt ct c th di chuyn, sao chp , hiu chnh grip, v.v... tuy nhin, khi ta hiu chnh i tng mt ct nhng khng loi b kh nng kt hp ca ng bin. Trong AutoCAD R14, ta c th d dng kim sot ch mt i tng mt ct hoc i tng mt ct v ng bin c chn khi nhp vo i tng mt ct. Thc hin iu ny bng cch chn ASSOCIATIVE HATCH trong hp thoi OBJECT SELECTION SETTINGS. Nhp lnh DDSELECT hoc chn SELECTION... t menu TOOLS kch hot hp thoi OBJECT SELECTION SETTINGS ri chn tu chn ASSOCIATIVE HATCH. Khi chn tu chn ASSOCIATIVE HATCH, bm vo i tng mt ct s chn ( lm sng ) c hai i tng mt ct v ng bin, do ta lun hiu chnh i tng mt ct cng vi ng bin. Khi khng chn ASSOCIATIVE HATCH, bm chn i tng mt ct ch chn i tng mt ct, do trnh c tnh trng hiu chnh i tng mt ct c lp vi ng bin v khng lm mt i kh nng kt hp . 7) Lnh v cc ng ct: Trong hnh ct thng i hi ch ra mt ct c ct u, ta phi s dng ng ct cho bit mt ct v tr no. Cc chun cung cp 2 kiu ng ct nh hnh v:

Kiu Dashed Kiu Phantom ng ct bao bao gi cng c chiu dy ln hn nt c bn, v vy m ng ct thng c to bng lnh PLINE.