B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM VIN CNG NGH SINH HC & THC PHM

TIU LUN TM HIU QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT C PH BT (Nguyn liu u vo l c ph nhn) GVHD: SVTH: VIT PHNG L THY AN L TH DIU NGUYN TH HNG VN NGUYN TH THU THY NGUYN TH CHUNG NG TH HONG GIANG NGUYN TH HP CAO TH THIN TH THU HNG Lp: I HC THC PHM TP. H Ch Minh, Thng 10 nm 2011

L DO CHN TI Hin nay, trn th trng c rt nhiu loi thc ung khc nhau. c bit l c ph. N khng ging nh cc loi ung khc, chc nng chnh ca c ph khng phi l gii kht, mc d ngi dn M ung n nh thc ung gii kht. Chc nng chnh ca c ph l to cm gic hng phn hoc cung cp cc cht chng xi ha (antioxidant) cho c th, vai tr m trc y ngi ta ch thy hoa qu v rau xanh. C ph ng mt vai tr quan trng trong x hi xuyn sut lch s hin i. mt s nc ngi ta coi vic ung c ph nh mt thc ung ph thng (c ph thng c hm lng Cafein thp) v n km bnh tri hoc hoa qu. Vit Nam c ph l mt thc ung c a chung, c bit vo bui sng (nhng hm lng cafein rt cao ch thch hp vi nhng ngi quen dng hoc nghin c ph). Cc qun gii kht (tr cc "bar") thng gi l "qun c ph", mc d cng phc v nhng thc ung khc. T nhng vn trn Nhm chng em quyt nh chn CNG NGH SN XUT C PH T NGUYN LIU NHN lm ti nghin cu.

Tiu lun:

TM HIU QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT C PH BT

NHN XT

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GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

CHNG 1: TN GI

TNG QUAN

T "c ph" trong ting Vit c gc t ch CAF ca ting Php. Ging nh cc ngn ng thuc h ngn ng n-u, caf c gc t kahveh ca ting Th Nh K v kahveh n t Qahwa ca ting Rp. Trong ting Anh, t Coffee xut hin ln u tin t sm cho n gia nhng nm 1600, nhng th sm nht ca t ny n vo khong 10 nm cui ca nhng nm 1500. Xut pht t t Caff ca ting . T trn c gii thiu chu u thng qua nhng ngi Th Nh K Ottoman Kahve c ngun gc t ting Rp: , Qahweh. Ngun gc nguyn thy ca t Rp l khng r rng; n cng c ngun gc tn gio Kaffa pha Ty Ethiopia, ni c ph c trng trt, hoc s bi i t Qahwat Al-Bnn', c ngha l "ru ca u" trong ting Rp. Eritrea, "Bnn" (cng c ngha l "ru ca u" trong Tigrinya) cng c dng. Tn Amharic v Afan Oromo cho c ph l Bunna. LCH S PHT TRIN CY C PH TRN TH GII: NGUN GC Nhng cu chuyn v c ph th rt nhiu, thc hay h th cng t ai kim chng, i khi h phng i ln cho n ly k, th v nh chnh ci hu v li khi git c ph tan vo trong tng t bo cm gic. Trong nhng cu chuyn , t chuyn nghe c v hp l nht l cu chuyn v anh chng chn d tn Kaldi ngi x Abyssinia vi n d ca anh ta. Chuyn k rng, n d ca anh n mt loi cy l c hoa mu tng, qu c mu o ri sau c nhng biu hin l thng. Kaldi pht hin ra iu , anh liu n th v thy mnh hng phn hn ln, ng rng mnh gp mt php l bn bo ngay cho v qun nhim mt tu vin gn . Nh tu kia s rng y chnh l mt th tri cm ca qu d nn lp tc vt vo l la, th nhng khi nhng qu kia chy xm ta ra mt mi thm lng, n lc ny ngi tu s kia mi tin rng l mt mn qu ca
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT Thng ban tng nn vi ku thm nhng tng l khc n tip tay. H em rang ln, gi nh ri pha vo nc ung mi ngi cng hng thin n. n nhng cu chuyn v s c hi ca c ph, nh cu chuyn t nc Thy in, quc vng Gusitafu tam mun th xem c ph c c hay khng bn ra quyt nh bt hai anh em ti phm b kt n t hnh ang giam trong ngc mi ngy phi c cho ung th nc lm t qu y hai ln, th xem

h cht ra sao? n lc cht, v hong ny vn li di ch cho ngi k v l phi tip tc lm theo lnh ca ng ta, nh mt php l, hai t t kia qua i tui hn 80! V c l l ghi nhn u tin ca loi ngi v tnh dc l ca c ph, l truyn thuyt, cn nhng di ch kho c, nhng ghi chp ca con ngi cn li cho n ngy nay. Ngi ta bit rng, Kaffa (Ethiopia ngy nay) chnh l vng t khi nguyn ca cy c ph, t th k th IX c nhng ghi nhn y, n th k XIV nhng ngi bun n l mang c ph t Ethiopia sang x Rp. Nhng ti tn th k XV ngi ta mi bit rang c ph ln v s dng lm ung. C ph tr thnh mt thc ung truyn thng ca ngi Rp v l ni trng c ph c quyn vi trung tm giao dch c ph l thnh ph cng Mocha, hay cn c gi l Mokka, tc l thnh ph Al Mukha thuc Yemen ngy nay. Ngi Rp rt t ho v pht minh ra loi thc ung ny v gi b mt bo tn c quyn v mt loi sn phm. H a ra nhng ch ti rt cht ch trong vic sn xut v xut khu c ph nh: Ch mang ht ra khi x sau khi rang chn,ngi ngoi quc cng b cm khng cho bn mng n cc n in c ph. Th nhng d nghim ngt n mc no th cng c ngi vt qua c, nhng khch hnh hng c thng thc nc c ph ln lt mang ht ging v trng, chng bao lu khp khu vc Trung ng u c trng v truyn i mi lc mt xa hn.

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT DU NHP VO CHU U

Sau nhiu ln tht bi, ngi H Lan l dn tc u tin Chu u ly c ht ging cy ny mang v th trng o Java ( khi l thuc a ca h). Nm 1723, mt s quan hi qun Php tn De Clieu c v ngh php Paris, quyt nh em cy ny v x Martinique ni anh tr ng. Sau nhiu hon nn De Clieu cng trng c cy c ph mt ni kn o vi 3 thy th canh gc ngy m. Hn 50 nm sau, Php tr thnh i th cnh tranh gay gt vi H Lan, bt ng xy ra khng th gii quyt h nh n chnh quyn Brasil ng ra dn xp. y l c hi, vi nhng qu k, Brasil mang c ht ging v nc v y l khi u cho ging c ph trng ti Brasil, bin cc quc gia Trung, Nam M tr thnh nhng quc c ph ln bc nht th gii. Trong khi , vo nm 1660 c ph c ngi H Lan truyn vo Bc M vng Amsterdam, Bn nm sau, ngi Anh chim vng ny v t tn l New York, c ph tr thnh mt thc ung quen thuc ch dnh cho gii thng lu trong khi tr l thc ung ph thng trong mi tng lp. Th nhng n nm 1773, khi Anh Hong George nh thu tr v ngi dn M ni ln chng li th tnh hnh thay i. Ngi M gi dng dn da tn cng nhng tu ch tr em xung bin. Bin c lch s di tn Boston Tea Party lm cho ngi M nghing qua ung c ph v chng bao lu thc ung ny tr thnh quc m. LCH S PHT TRIN CY C PH VIT NAM Ln u tin c ph c a vo Vit Nam vo nm 1875, ging Arabica c ngi Php mang t o Bourton sang trng pha Bc sau lan ra cc tnh min Trung nh Qung Tr, B Trch, Sau thu hoch ch bin di thng hiu Arabica du Tonkin, c ph c nhp khu v Php. Sau khi chim nc ta thc dn Php thnh lp cc n in c ph nh Chin, Xun Mai, Sn Ty chng canh tc theo phng thc du canh du c nn nng sut thp gim t 400 500 kg/ha nhng nm u xung cn 100 150 kg/ha khi cng v sau. ci thin tnh hnh, Php du nhp vo nc ta hai ging mi l c ph vi (C. robusta) v c ph mt ( C. mitcharichia) vo nm 1908 thay th, cc n in mi li mc ln pha Bc nh H Tnh (1910), Yn M (1911, Thanh Ho), Ngha n (1915, Ngh An). Thi im ln nht (1946 1966) t 13.000 ha.

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

Nm 1925, ln u tin c trng Ty Nguyn, sau gii phng din tch c ph c nc khong 20.000 ha, nh s h tr vn t quc t, cy c ph dn c ch trng, n nm 1980 din tch t 23.000 ha, xut khu trn 6000 tn. Trn sng mui nm 1994 Brasil ph hu phn ln din tch c ph nc ny, cng hng t hn hn ko di nm 1997 lm ngun cung trn ton th gii sp gim mnh, gi tng t bin khch l m rng din tch c ph Vit Nam, u t k thut canh tc thm canh, chuyn canh, nh din tch v sn lng tng nhanh, trung bnh 23,9%/nm, a tng din tch cy c ph nm 2000 ln n 516,7 nghn ha, chim 4,14% tng din tch cy trng ca Vit Nam, ng th ba ch sau hai loi cy lng thc ch lc l la (chim 61,4%) v ng (chim 5,7%). Trong thp k 90 th k XX, sn lng tng ln trn 20%/nm (v cc nm 1994, 1995, 1996 sn lng tng thm ch cn cao hn vi t l ln lt l 48,5%, 45,8% v 33%). Nm 2000, Vit Nam c khong 520 nghn ha c ph, tng sn lng t 800 nghn tn. Nu so vi nm 1980, din tch c ph ca Vit Nam nm 2000 tng gp 23 ln v sn lng tng gp 83 ln. Mc sn lng v din tch vt xa mi k hoch trc v suy on ca cc chuyn gia trong nc v quc t. Cho n nay sn lng c ph c nc chim 8% sn lng nng nghip, chim 25% gi tr xut khu v l nc xut khu c ph Robusta ln nht th gii vi hai tnh c din tch canh tc ln nht l kLc v Gia Lai, mang li vic lm n nh, thu nhp cao cho hng triu ngi. Gp phn n nh kinh t x hi nhng vng xa xi ho lnh, dn tc t ngi, SINH VT HC: C ph l tn mt chi thc vt thuc h Thin tho (Rubiaceae). H ny bao gm khong 500 chi khc nhau vi trn 6.000 loi cy nhit i. Chi c ph bao gm nhiu loi cy lu nm khc nhau.Tuy nhin, khng phi loi no cng cha caffein trong ht, mt s loi khc xa vi nhng cy c ph ta thng thy. Ch c hai loi c ph c ngha kinh t. Loi th nht c tn thng
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

thng trong ting Vit l C ph ch (tn khoa hc: Coffea arabica), i din cho khong 61% cc sn phm c ph trn th gii. Loi th hai l C ph vi (tn khoa hc: Coffea canephora hay Coffea robusta), chim gn 39% cc sn phm c ph. Ngoi ra cn c Coffea liberica v chari ( Vit Nam gi l C ph mt) vi sn lng khng ng k. C ph thuc ging coffea gm 70 loi khc nhau, nhng ch c khong 10 loi c gi tr kinh t v trng trt. Hin nay thng trng 3 loi chnh:

Ging Arabica. Ging Robusta. Ging Chari.

Ba ging ny c thi v xen k nhau to iu kin thun li cho vic trng trt v thu hoch.Ln u tin c ph c a vo Vit Nam vo nm 1875, ging Arabica c ngi Php mang t o Bourton sang trng pha Bc sau lan ra cc tnh min Trung nh Qung Tr, B Trch, Sau thu hoch ch bin di thng hiu Arabica du Tonkin, c ph c nhp khu v Php. C PH CH (ARABICA) Tn khoa hc l Coffee arabica, thng c gi l c ph ch, i din cho khong 61% cc sn phm c ph trn th gii. C ngun gc t Cao Nguyn nhit i Ethiopia ng Phi Chu. Arabica cao t 3 7 m ty iu kin t ai, kh hu, c thn hoc nhiu thn, l nh hnh oval hoc li mc, cnh nh mnh khnh t phn nhnh, tn nh, qu hnh bu dc i khi hnh trn, qu chn c ging mu vng c ging mu ti, ng knh 10 15 mm, thng c hai nhn, him khi c ba nhn, cung qu khi chn rt mm d rng, nt khi tri ma. Thi gian nui qu 6 7 thng, kh hu lnh min Bc arabica chn r vo thng 12 1 nm sau v mun hn 2 3 thng so vi Ty Nguyn. Khong 800 1200 qu/kg, c 2,5 3 kg ht cho ra 1 kg nhn, nhn c mu xm xanh, xanh lc,xanh nht, Tu theo phng php ch bin lng caffein trong nhn khong 1 3%. C PH VI (ROBUSTA) Tn khoa hc: Coffea canephora hay Coffea robusta, thng c gi l c ph vi, chim gn 39% cc sn phm c ph. C ngun gc t khu vc sng Congg v min ni thp xch o v nhit i Ty Phi Chu. Robusta cao 5 7 m, c thn hoc nhiu thn, cnh kh ln phn nhiu nhnh, tn rng, l trung bnh mt l g
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

gh. c bit, hoa robusta khng bao h ra li vo ma sau ti v tr c, qu chn mu sm, ng knh 10 13 mm, hnh bu dc hoc trn c hai nhn i khi mt nhn, v qu cng v cung dai hn arabica. C khong 3 kg qu cho ra 1 kg nhn, nhn hnh bu dc hi trn c mu xm xanh, xanh bc, vng m g,Tu thuc vo cch ch bin lng caffein c khong 1,5 3%. C PH MT (CHARI) Tn khoa hoc: Coffea chari, Vit Nam thng c goi la ca ph mit. Co ngun gc x Ubangui Chari thuc Bin H gn xa mac Xahara, du nhp vao Vit Nam nm 1905, cy ln cao 6 15 m la to hinh trng hoc hinh li mac, gn la ni ln mt di, canh ln tan rng. Qua hinh bu duc, num to va li, tuy iu kin khi hu vung t qua se chin sm hn hoc cung luc vi thi im cy ra hoa, ca ph mit co c im ra hoa tai vi tri cu vao vu k tip nn vao vu thu hoach (thang 5 thang 7) trn tai mt t canh co th co cung luc qua xanh, qua chin, nu, hoa. y la yu t bt li cho thu hoach va giam nng sut. Hoa cua ba loi ca ph trn thng n ng loat, thanh chum mau trng mut, hng thm ngao ngat. Hoa ch n trong 3 4 ngy, thi gian th phn khong 2 3 h. Mt cy c ph trng thnh c t 30.000 40.000 hoa.,5 3%. CU TO V THANH PHN HOA HOC CUA QUA CA PH CU TAO GIAI PHU Qua ca ph bao gm cac phn nh sau: Lp vo qua, lp nht, lp vo tru, lp vo lua, nhn. Lp vo qua: La lp vo ngoai cung, co mau o, o sm hoc vang tuy chung, mn, ca ph che mn hn ca ph vi va ca ph mit. Lp vo thit (lp nht): nm di lp vo, mn. Vo thit ca ph vi va ca ph che mn, ngot, mong, d bong troc khi xay xat hn ca ph mit. Vo tru: La mt lp vo cng bao boc nhn, cu tao chu yu la cellulose. Vo tru ca ph che mong hn, d v hn ca ph vi va ca ph mit. Vo lua: Nm di lp vo tru, mong, mn, co mau sc tuy chung nh a trinh bay. Nhn ca ph: Lp t bo phn ngoi ca nhn cng, c nhng t bo nh, trong c cha nhng cht du. Pha trong c nhng t bo ln v mm hn. Mt

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

qu c ph thng c t 1 ( Biculi), 2 hoc 3 nhn. Thng thng ch c 2 nhn (vi, mit, che). Trong nhn co phi mm.. CU TAO HOA HOC Vo qua: Co mau o do cht antoxian va cac vt alkaloid, trong vo cha 21,5 30% cht kh (tanin, caffein, cac enzyme, ) Vo thit: La nhng t bao mm cha nhiu ng va pectine, ngoai ra con co enzyme pectinase phn giai pectine trong qua trinh ln men va ln men ng lam pH dao ng trong khoang 5,6 6,4. Vo tru: Cha chu yu la cellulose, mt it caffein (0,4%) do khch tan t vo trong luc phi kh hoc ln men. Nhn: Nc chim 10 12%, protein chim 9 11%, lipid chim 10 13%, cac loai ng chim 5 10%, tinh bt chim 3 5%. Ngoai ra con co mt s cht thm, khoang va alkaloid. Thanh phn hoa hoc cua nhn quyt inh cht lng ca ph, no phu thuc vao chung loai, iu kin t ai, ky thut canh tac, phng phap ch bin bao quan, V trong ch bin c ph th thnh phn ha hc ca nhn l nhn t quan tm hng u.

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT Bng I.1: THNH PHN HO HC CA NHN

Vai tro cua mt s cht hoa hoc trong vic to ra mu mi v c trng ca c ph Hydratcarbon: Hm lng hydratcarbon trong c ph kh khong 60%. Phn ln l cc polysaccharide ha tan hoc khng ha tan trong nc v mt phn nh l cc ng saccharose, glucose, Trong qu trnh rang cc hydratcarbon bin i nhiu, chng c th phn hy thnh cc hp cht khc nhau hoc bin mt hu nh hon ton nh cc cht ng ni trn. Cc ng kh tham gia mt s phn ng to mu v mi cho c ph rang. Cc polysaccharide khng ha tan trong nc, chng to nn nhng thnh t bo ca ht c ph v sau khi pha tr thnh b c ph. Cc cht bo: Trong c ph nhn tng hm lng cht bo chim khong 13%. Trong qu trnh rang cc hp cht bo mt i 1 2%. Cc cht bo ch yu to thnh du c ph l trigliceride v diterpene, l dng este ca acid bo ha, nht l panmitic,
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

behenic, arachidic. Cc diterpene ny rt nhy vi acid, nhit v nh sng. Hm lng diterpene gim i trong qu trnh bo qun cng nh qu trnh rang c th l do to thnh cc terpnene bay hi, naphtalene v quinoline. Cc acid: i din quan trng nht ca nhm acid l cc loi acid chlorogenic. y l nhng loi acid c trng i vi c ph. Trong qu trnh rang chng b phn hy 30 70%, sau khi rang c s hnh thnh mt s acid d bay hi. Tt c cc acid ny u gp phn to v chua ca c ph. Cc loi protein: Hu nh khng c mt trong c ph rang, do rang nht cao nn mt phn b phn hy, phn cn li kt hp vi hydratcarbon v cc acid chlorogenic to thnh nhng cht mu nu. Bng phng php thy phn, ngi ta thy trong thnh phn protein ca c ph c nhng acid amin sau: cysteine, alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine, lysine, . Cc acid amin ny t thy trng thi t do, chng thng dng lin kt. Khi gia nhit, cc mch polypeptide b phn ct, cc acid amin c gii phng ra tc dng vi nhau hoc tc dng vi nhng cht to mi v v cho c ph rang. Trong s cc acid amin k trn ng ch nht l nhng acid amin c cha lu hunh nh cystein, methionine v proline, chng gp phn to nn hng v c trng ca c ph sau khi rang. c bit, methionine v proline c tc dng lm gim tc oxi ha cc cht thm, lm cho c ph rang gi c mi v khi bo qun. Trong qu trnh ch bin ch c mt phn protein b phn gii thnh acid amin, cn phn ln b bin thnh hp cht khng tan. Cc loi alkaloid: Trong qu trnh rang, hm lng caffein hu nh khng thay i. Trigoneline gim khong 75%, to thnh cc sn phm gm acid nicotinic (niacin), nicitinamide v cc cht thm bay hi nh pyrine v pyrol. Trong ng ch nht l niacin, trong c th con ngi c tc dng nh mt loi vitamine. Cc cht thm: Trong thnh phn ca cc hp cht thm c khong 50% aldehyde, 20% ketone, 8% ester, 7% heterocylic, 2% dimethylsulfide, mt lng t hn l cc sulfide hu c khc, cn c mt lng nh nitrile, alcohol hoc cc hydrocarbon bo ha v cha bo ha c trng lng phn t thp nh isoprene. Cc cht khong: Hm lng cht khong trong c ph khong 3 5%, ch yu l kali, nit magie, photpho, clo. Ngoi ra cn thy nhm, st, ng, iod, lu hunh, nhng cht ny nh hng khng tt n mi v c ph. Cht lng c ph cao khi hm lng cht khong cng thp v ngc li.
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

10

CHNG II: K THUT SN XUT C PH XAY 2.1. S QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT CAF XAY C ph rang xay l sn phm c sn xut t c ph nhn sn phm c ph rg xay c c tnh nh sau: - Mu nc en tuyn - Hng v c trng ca c ph - V ng mnh, hu ngt Quy trnh cng ngh:
C ph nhn

Tip nhn

Phn loi, lm sch Rang

Lm ngui

Phi trn

Xay, nghin, sng

Bao gi bo qun

SP c ph rang xay
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

11

2.2.THUYT MINH QUY TRNH 2.2.1. Tip nhn v lm sch Tip nhn c ph nhn a vo sn xut nhm m bo v s lng. Vic tip nhn c th c th bng tay hoc bng cc thit b chuyn dng nh: gu ti, vt ti, bng dng kh C ph nhn c th l c ph nhn x hoc c ph nhn qua phn loi, lm sch. Nu c ph nhn qua phn loi, lm sch th c th a i rang ngay, cn nu l c ph nhn x th ta phi tin hnh phn loi, lm sch. Lm sch: nhm loi b cc tp cht nh nh cnh cy, l cy,tp cht nng nh ct, , kim loi, kh mi tp, loi b nhng ht km phm cht nh ht b thi en, mc, su mt,... thun li cho cc giai on sn xut tip theo, ng thi m bo cht lng sn phm sc Phng php lm sch: C th dng sng, my tch kim loi hoc dng nc kh mi cho ht c ph.p dng nguyn tc kh ng: Bn cht da vo tnh cht vt l ca nguyn liu l trng lng Nguyn tc: Mt lung khng kh mnh c to ra do qut ly tm thi t di ln trn xuyn qua khi ht c ph ngay khi n c cung cp xung t mng cp nguyn liu bn trn. Ht no nng s tip tc ri xung mng hng, cn ht v tp cht nh hn s c thi bay i ra ngoi. Phn loi. Mc ch phn loi t c nhng ht c ph ng u v kch thc. Phn loi theo kch thc.C 2 cch phn loi: Da vo s khc nhau v kch thc ca nguyn liu v cc tp cht phn loi c th dng sng chn ng, sng trn, sng ny, sng bc ngangnhng ch yu ngi ta thng lm sng chn ng. 2.2.2. Rang c ph nhn 2.2.2.1Mc ch, yu cu Phng php phn loi: C th phn loi theo kch thc, khi lng ring v mu

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

12

L qu trnh gia nhit cho c ph nhn to nn nhng bin i su sc trong ht, hnh thnh nn nhng tnh cht c trng cho c ph l mu, mi v v thng qua s bin i mu sc, cu trc v thnh phn ha hc ca ht. Hin nay c rt nhiu yu cu khc nhau v dng sn phm c ph rang, v vy c rt nhiu loi rang khc nhau.Sau y l mt s loi c ph rang nh sau:
a. C ph rang nht (light roats)

Loi ny v ngi ta gi l c ph rang qu v sn phm c mu nu vng ging mu pha trong ca v bc ra t cy qu, y khng phi l mu vng nu do tm cc cht khc vo. Ht c b mt rt kh v c mu nu nh ging mu ca scla sa hoc m hn, lc pha c mi v chua du (vi loi c ph ch Arabica). Khi rang ht t mu nh vy th ht mt 3-5% khi lng kh. Trong ht c ph rang ny, hu ht cc tp cht to ra c v thm ngon cha c mt y hoc hm lng thp. Mi v c ph cha tht m , nhng nu c mi v l th chng cha b mt i v rt d nhn thy khi nm, v vy dng c ph rang ny thng s dng cho th nm nh gi cht lng cc mu c ph. b. C ph rang va (medium roast) Loi c ph ny rang theo kiu M. Sn phm c mu nu va (trung gian gia mu scla m v mu scla sa). b mt ht vn kh, cha c du tit ra b mt ht. Khi pha c mi v m cng vi v chua ngon nh. Trong loi c ph ny hu ht cc mi v c cm nhn rt r rt. Khi qu trnh rang t mu nh vy th ht mt 5-8% khi lng kh. c. C ph rang hi m (medium to dark rast) Loi c ph ny rang theo kiu Php nht. Ht c ph rang c vt du lm m trn b mt ht. N thiu i mt cht v chua ca c ph rang nht nhng c c hng v m ca c ph rang m. Ht rang theo khiu ny mt 8% khi lng kh. d. C ph rang m theo kiu Italia hay kiu Php Loi ny c ph c nhiu du tit ra trn b mt ht nhng ht cha tht bng lng v tch cn rt t v chua, mu ht nu m nhng cha en. Ht mt 8-12% khi lng cht kh. e. C ph rang rt m, rang chy. Loi ny ch p dng cho my pha ch c bit espresso cn rang rt m v xay rt mn c th trch ly nhanh cc cht tan c trong bt c ph ra tch trong vng vi giy. Ht c ph rang rt m lm cho du tit ra rt nhiu tit ra rt nhiu trn b mt rang v ht tr nn bng c mu en tht s, nu tip tc rang c ph mt ht du v c ph ging nh than. Khi lng ht mt 14%.
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT f. Loi c ph rang Torrefacto

13

Loi c ph rang ny c ngun gc t Ty Ban Nha, c ph rang c b sug thm ng, ng c caramel ha cho vo c ph va mi rang xong, to mu en bng b mt ht, lng ng cho vo khong 15% so vi c ph. 2.2.2.1. Cc bin i v cc yu t nh hng Trong qu trnh rang xy ra cc bin i sau: Phn ng caramel. Xy ra nhit nng chy ca ng, nhit nng chy ca ng Glucoza l 1450C 1500C, Fructoza l 95 1000C, Saccazoza l 160 1800C, Lactoza l 223 2520C, to nn cc hp cht c mu v v. Fructoza ng Saccazoza Glucoza Lactoza Phn ng melanoidin (Maillard, Ozamin) t0 Hp cht mu v v

Xy ra gia ng kh v acid amin di tc dng ca nhit (>00C) to nn cc sn phm c mu c mu v mi c trng ca hoa qu. ng kh + axit amin t0 Sn phm c mu v mi Ngoi ra cn c cc phn ng khc nh: Cracking cc hp cht cao phn t (gluxit, protein,..), s v c ha cc hp cht cacbon to hnh dng v mu sc cho sn phm. S bin i c c ph ph thuc vo nhit trong qu trnh rang nh sau: Nhit rang (0C) Khong 100 120 130 150 180 >180 Khong 270 Khong 300 Bin i mu ca c ph Mu xanh Mu vng Mu vng Mu ht d Mu ht d Mu xm Mu xm Mu ti Mu ti Mu en Mu en dng b hng v vn

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

14

a)

QU TRNH RANG Qu trnh rang tri qua 3 giai on: Giai on 1: Lm nng c ph n nhit rang, qu trnh bay hi nc lm thot cc kh d bay

hi theo, kh bay hi c mu trng c v mi hi ngi, th tch ca ht tng ln (V1), b mt ht b chai li. Khi ht n nhit rang th trong ht xy ra qu trnh caramel ha sinh ra mt lng ln kh CO2 tch t trong ht. ng thi mt phn cha cacbon b Oxy ha to mi than.

Qu trnh Cracking cc hp cht cao phn t nh protein, tinh bt cng sinh ra mt

lng CO2 lm tng p lc ca ht ln ng k. Trong qu trnh ny, du c ph trong ti du thot ln b mt ca ht to cho ht bng. Cc phn ng xy ra hnh thnh cc cht thm. b) Giai on 2: Th tch ca ht c ph tng ln t ngt (V2), ht bin thnh ht xp, kh thot ra mnh c mi c trng ca c ph. Kh c mu xanh lam, nghe thy ting n u, b mt ht tr nn rt bng. Trong qu trnh ny c mt lng cafein b tn tht do thng hoa. Pha trong ht chuyn sang mu vng nu cn pha ngoi ht c mu nu cnh gin. c) Giai on 3: giai on ny, th ht khng tng na (V3), lng kh thot ra t, ting n gim. Qa trnh caramel ha xy ra lm ht chuyn sang mu en, hm lng cht thm gim, v ng tng ln. V3 31 V2

V T(h)
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

15

th quan h gia thi gian rang (t) v th tch ht (V) Nh vy, trong qu trnh rang th tch ca ht tng t 50-80% (thm ch ti 100%) v hao ht trng lng khong 14-23% (ph thuc vo mc rang, phng php rang). Cn m bin i t 10-12% (< 13%) trong c ph nhn xung 2-2.5% trong c ph rang. Nhng bin i ca cc hp cht ha hc chnh trong c ph trong qu trnh rang nh sau: C ph c tc dng kch thch mnh m v c hng v rt c bit, nm 1820 nh bc hc Runge ngi c tch c cafein, mt cht quan trng nht to nn hng v c trng ca c ph. Tuy vy cho n tn ngy nay ngi ta vn cha phn tch c ht cc loi hp cht trong c ph v thnh phn ca c ph ht sc phc tp v l thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau. Trong qu trnh rang, mi hp cht trong c ph c th tng thm hoc gim i v Cc hp cht quan trng ca c ph nh: Hydratcacbon, cht bo, nc, protein, axit hnh thnh nhng hp cht mi, mi v ca c ph l kt qu ca qu trnh bin i ny. hu c, cc loi alcoit, cc cht thm, cc cht khong. T l cc hp cht ny rt khc nhau ty theo phn tch ca nguyn liu th, sn phm rang xay hoc trong tch c ph thnh phm. Hydratcacbon Hm lng hydratcacbon trong c ph thng 30-40%. V lng y l thnh phn cao nht, chng phn ln l cc loi polysacarit ha tan hoc khng ha tan trong nc, ngoi ra c mt phn nh l ng nh: saccaroza, glicoza,Trong qu trnh rang, cc hydratcacbon thay i nhiu, chng c th phn hy thnh cc hp cht khc nhau hoc bin i mu hu nh hon ton nh cc cht ng trn.Cc polysacarit khng ha tan trong nc, chng to thnh t bo ht c ph v sau khi pha tr thng b c ph. Nc C ph nhn c t 10-13% nc dng khng lin kt. Trong qu trnh rang nc bc hi v hm lng nc tm thi gim xung ch cn t 1-2.5% sau hm nc s tng ln. Theo quy nh ca cc nc tiu th c ph, hm lng nc trong c ph rang xay khng vt qu 5%. Qua qu trnh rang khi lng c ph, ty theo hm lng nc trong c

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

16

ph nhn sng v mc rang, c th gim 11-20% c ngha l ty theo mc rang mi cn c ph nhn b mt t 110-200g hp cht hu c hoc v c k c nc. Cc cht bo Trong c ph nhn tng hm lng cht bo chim t 10-13%. C ph ch Arabica,

c nhiu cht bo (cn gi l du c ph) so vi c ph vi Robusta. Trong qu trnh rang hu nh cc hp cht bo hu nh khng thay i v nu tnh theo t l khi lng th hm lng cht bo tng ln trong qu trnh rang. Cc cht bo hu nh khng tan vo nc, v th chng ch xut hin mt lng rt nh trong c ph tch.
-

Cht bo ch yu tp trung ch yu thnh t bo trong ht c ph. Mt b phn nh

l lp sp c ph. Lp ny l mt mng rt mng ph xung quanh b mt ht c ph. Hai cht bo ch yu to thnh du c ph l triglyceride v diterpenester. Axit linolic v axit palmitic l hai loi cht bo quan trng nht trong cc axit bo. Cc axit bo nh axit acetic, axit formic v axit oxycarbon ch c t l thp hn rt nhiu. Cc hp cht nh kahweol v cafestol, trc y c coi trng trong nh gi c ph. Cc axit hu c Nhng i din quan quan trng nht ca nhm axit l cc loi axit chlorogen. y l nhng loi axit c trng i vi c ph , trong qu trnh rang chng s b phn hy 3070%. Hm lng ca tt c cc loi axit trong c ph nhn chim khong 4-5% trong cc loi axit chlorogen chim phn ch yu. Protein Trong c ph nhn c khong 11% protein t nhin, di tc dng ca nhit cao trong qu trnh rang, chng b phn hy v mt s c ti to li v c mt trong c ph rang. Mt s sn phm to ra t s phn hy protein kt hp vi hydratcacbon v axit chlorogen to thnh nhng hp cht mu nu. Hp cht alcaloit Alcaloit l nhng hp cht t nhin cha nit c trong mt s loi cy nht nh. i vi c ph hm lng cafein c th 0.8-2.5% ty tng chng loi. Trong qu trnh rang hm lng cafein hu nh khng thay i nhng hm lng trigonellin gim 75%. Mt s cht mi hnh thnh nh niacin, nicotin axit, ngoi ra cn mt lng nh nh theobromin v theophyllin. Cht khong

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

17

Hm lng cht khong trong mt sn phm t nhin thng bin ng. Chng c ph, khu vc trng c ph, cu to t v phn bn tc ng n t l khong cht. Ni chung trong c ph nhn c khong 4% khong cht v khong 90% khong cht ny c mt trong nc c ph. Cc cht khong nh: Kali, canxi, magie, photpho Cht thm Vi hm lng cho ti 0.1% cc cht thm c th bc hi th c ph rang l mt trong nhng loi thc phm c hm lng cht thm phong ph nht. Nhng cht thm ny khng c trong c ph nhn m chng ch hnh thnh trong qu trnh rang xay. Cc cht hng v v ny cng li to nn hng v c mt khng hai ca c ph v trong thc t tt c cc loi sn phm thc vt khc t nhiu u c hp cht ca c ph, tr cht cafein. Cht lng ca sn phm c ph rang ph thuc vo nguyn liu, qu trnh rang (phng php, thit b, k thut), qu trnh phi trn
Trong qu trnh rang nhit l yu t quan trng nht quyt nh n cht lng

ca sn phm. Theo cc kt qu nghin cu nhit rang phi bt u khong 2000C, nhit rang ti u l 210-2300C. Khi , thi gian rang s ph thuc vo nhit rang thng th vi pht (vi phng php rang lin tc), n vi chc pht (vi phng php rang gin on) v cc yu t khc. 2.2.2.2. Phng php rang C hai phng php rang l phng php rang gin on v phng php rang lin tc. Vi phng php rang gin on s dng thit b rang dng hnh tr hoc hnh cu, cn phng php rang lin tc s dng thit b rang dng trng quay, dng cho quay,Vt liu ch to thit b thng l thp en, thp chng r hoc gang. My rang dng trng ng c nh c cc cnh khuy Nguyn tc hot ng:

C ph sng s c vo mt thng dng phu, sau nguyn liu s chy xung thng rang v cnh khuy, cnh khuy s c tc dng lm gia tng t l trao i nhit gia cc ht vi nhau v gia cc ht v kh c nn, cc cnh khy quay trn mt trc nm ngang kh thi c thi ra nh qut gi t nh mt ng ng c nh lm sch. Kt thc qu trnh rang , ht c ph c tun vo mt ci ng rng cha lm ngui. Vi t l kh/ c ph cao nn thi gian rang ch 6 pht.

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

18

My rang dng trng ng c nh c cnh khuy

My rang c ph dng trng quay nm ngang.

Nguyn l: Trng rang l mt ng kim loi hnh tr c bt kn Thit b ny cho php sc nng truyn t b mt kim loi ca trng ti ht c ph bn trong. Ht c ph lun lun ln di tc ng ca qu trnh quay lin tc ca

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

19

trng khi rang, v vy ht c truyn ti tt c cc ht. Thi gian trung bnh mt m l 17-20 pht. H thng hi lu ca kh rang i ra thng qua mt thit b to gi xoay gi l xylon tch v la t pha sau, nhng gi hi lu vng li mnh, c lm sch ri i ti ng khi nh b phn xc tin hoc ca l pha sau. Trng rang l mt ng kim loi hnh tr c l cho php kh nng t l t bt kn i thng vo trong lng ca trng v xuyn qua nhng ht c ph ang ln v ra ngoi theo ng ng khi cao, hoc i qua nhng l ca b mt lc bi v v la, ri quay li l t kn tng hiu sut lm nng. Thi gian rang 10-12 pht
-

Nhit ca kh t dn vo 4590C hoc thp hn nhit rang c th t c nh hoc iu chnh nhit bng tay. Khi t n rang theo yu cu khi ht c ph c x ra mt ci khay lm ngui, mt khay c nhiu l thng khng kh, c mt ci qut ht khng kh t trn xung xuyn qua khi ht c ph ang c chuyn ng nh cc cnh o trn khay, v vy c ph c lm ngui.

Cc thng s:

Nng sut 25kg/m Tc quay trng rang: 30v/p

Nhit rang: 210-2300C

Nhin liu s dng: gas My rang c-ph

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

20

Cng ty c phn c kh Vina Nha Trang nghin cu ch to my rang c-ph cng sut 10 kg/m. My c nguyn l hot ng nh sau: C-ph nhn c chuyn vo trng rang qua mng nguyn liu s c qut ht lm sch s b v la v tp cht nh. Trong sut qu trnh rang, c-ph nhn c o u lin tc nh cch o bn trong trng; vic cp nhit n nh bng h thng ga bn di trng rang cng vi ch ht khi lin tc. C-ph sau khi rang n chn s c chuyn vo khay lm ngui h thp nhit ca ht. Trong qu trnh lm ngui, c-ph c o u trong khay cng vi lc ht mnh ca qut chung quanh lp li ca khay lm c-ph ngui nhanh u. Khi v tp cht, v la theo ng dn qut ht thi vo mt b phn lng tp... Thi gian rang mi m t 18 n 20 pht; nguyn liu t 1,2 - 1,5 kg ga/gi. . 2.2.3 LM NGUI C PH RANG

Mc ch: C ph sau khi rang xong c em i lm ngui nhanh nhm tn nhit

cho ht, trnh cc bin i khng c li xy ra v gii phng kh CO 2 Sinh ra trong qa trnh rang to thun li cho qu trnh bao gi sau ny. Lm ngui bng cch ri c ph ra sng kt hp vi qut thi khng kh hoc tt nht l ht chn khng trnh tn tht cht thm. 2.2.4 PHI TRN C PH RANG VI CC CHT PH GIA Sau khi lm ngui, c ph c a i phi trn theo n t hng gia cc chng, hng c ph vi nhau theo mt t l nht nh hoc vi cc nguyn liu ph v cc cht ph gia theo th hiu ca ngi tiu dng (cn gi l gu) trng. 2.2.5 C PH RANG Sau khi phi trn, c ph c a i khong 40h. Mc ch nhm lm cho cc cht ph gia ngm u vo trong ht c ph nhng khng lm nh hng n cht lng ca c ph rang. Qu trnh c thc hin trong cc thng hoc cc bao kn, khi lng ph thuc vo quy m sn xut. 2.2.6 XAY C PH RANG

Trn th trng hin nay c rt nhiu loi c ph, mi loi c ph c nhng hng v

c trng, p ng khu v ca ngi ung c ph th phi trn ng vai tr rt quan

Cng on xay c ph rang cng rt quan trng, c ph rang phi xay n mn

ph hp v ng u. Nu bt th th khi pha s rt kh c th chit c ht cc cht ha

GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

21

tan ra ngoi nn dch chit s long hoc thi gian pha phi ko di. Ngc li nu bt qu mn th khi pha c ph s kh chy v c th dch chit s c ln cn. Tuy nhin, mn ca bt cng ty theo phng php pha (pha bng my th bt phi mn hn pha bng tay) hoc ni tiu th ( chu u th bt phi mn hn M). mn ph hp khong 400 m. Thit b nghin c ph dng trc liu, sau khi ng cng tc trn Panel iu khin cc cp trc (bao gm: cp trc nghin th, trung, mn) v trc vt nh ti pha di, tip l khi ng cng tc trc cp liu, lc ny nhn c ph ln lt qua cc cp trc nghin, qua trc vt nh ti v c a ra khay cha sn phm. u im Thit b nghin c ph ci tin c thay i ng knh trc nghin, thay i dng rng nghin v thm b phn nh ti sn phm sau khi nghin, cho ra sn phm sch (khng b ln tp cht do trc nghin gy ra nh mn bin dng rng), nng sut cao hn, khng b bin mu sn phm (do qu trnh nghin sinh nhit), trnh b bin dng rng trong qu trnh nghin khi c vt cng hn ln vo. Nhc im: Hin nay thit b nghin c ph bn trn th trng ph bin l dng a quay (dng li dao trn a cht nt ht c ph). Do c ma st gia li dao v ht c ph s to ra nhit. V th xay c nt, nhuyn, thi gian xay s lu. Khi nhit do s ma st sinh ra s lm hng hng v c ph. Ngoi ra c ph Vit Nam thng hay tm v to hng v bng b v caramen. Chnh nhng cht ny s bm dnh vo trc nghin, rng nghin nn s lm gim nng sut xay. D bin dng rng nghin c tt n my, nhng nu khng lm v sinh trong mt khong thi gian di th s khng nghin c. 2.2.7 BAO GI V BO QUN C PH RANG XAY Cng on bao gi cn ch n tnh cht ca sn phm c ph rang xay l kh nng d ht m, cc kh l v thot hng thm ra ngoi lm m tng ln to iu kin cho mc pht trin, tn tht hng thm v c ph c mi l lm gim cht lng thm ch
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

Nguyn tc: Nhn c ph rang c cha trn phu ng

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

22

cn lm h hng sn phm. V vy ngi ta thng s dng l thy tinh mu, hp kim loi hoc bao b hn hp (nhiu lp) tng kh nng tng hp, chng thm kh v chng nh sng xuyn thu. Phng php ng bao thng i km vi loi vt liu lm bao. ng bao chn khng dng hp kim loi Loi bao thng mi c in nht l hp kim loi (tc hp st m km v sn bng bn ngoi) c ng bao chn khng. Dung tch ca hp kim loi thng l 1 lt v c th cha khong 450g c ph nhn rang. Loi ny c nhiu u im nh ngn cn hi nc v Oxy hay khng kh i vo v i ra khi hp, v c th chu ng p sut ln. Sau khi cho c ph rang vo hp, ht ht khng kh bn trong hp v ng np hp li. Do chnh lch p sut gia bn trong v ngoi hp (p sut bn ngoi cao hn p sut bn trong hp) nn np hp c ng cht. ng bao dng bao nha kt nhiu lp cng Cc loi bao nha kt nhiu lp thng l mm do cha khng cng. N c gi l cng v sau khi cho c ph vo, p dng ht chn khng p sut cao v hn kn ming bao th bao tr nn cng nh vin gch mt cm nhn c c khi ta bp tay vo bao.
-

Vt liu cu to nn bao nha kt nhiu lp gm 3 lp khc nhau: lp polyethylene (PE) trong cng ( dy tiu chun l 12 m) d dng nhit hn bao, lp polypropyrene (PP) hoc nhm gia ( dy tiu chun l 12 m) trnh c ph ht m v polyester ( dy tiu chun 70 m) ngoi cng cho php s dng cc loi mc dung mi hu c in cc thng tin v sn phm trn bao b.

C ph sau khi cho vo bao, c ht chn khng v c hn kn ming bao, sau bao ny c cho vo mt hp ng kht bn. Do c ng bao chn khng nn thng p sut khng kh bn ngoi bao lun cao hn p sut khng kh bn trong bao, v vy bao c ph lun lun cng v c th nhn khng p mt.

Trong iu kin khng mong mun no , ch cn c mt l thng trong bao hoc do hn bao khng kn, ngay lp tc khng kh bn ngoi lt vo bn trong bao cn bng p sut, v lm bao tr nn xp, khng cn cng nh trc na. y l iu khng ng c v gy ra nguy c xung cp cht lng c ph rang, nhng n vn
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

23

c chp nhn v ngi tiu dng do bao xp p hn v t nhn nhm hn bao cng. ng bao dng bao mm hay xp Phng php ng bao dng bao mm rt thng dng. vt liu lm bao rt a dng, c th dng bao kn bng hoc bao nha kt nhiu lp. Bao mm cng c th c gn van mt chiu khng cho hi m v Oxy khng kh bn ngoi xm nhp vo bn trong v cho php kh thot ra ngoi trnh gy phng bao. Loi ny c gi l mm v khng s dng trong ng bao chn khng. Vic gim khng kh v Oxy trong bao mm trc khi ng gi c thc hin bng cch n c ph nhn rang trong bao cng cht cng tt, v sau hn kn ming bao. Vi loi bao gn van mt chiu, cn ch s dng bao dy v trnh vic hn khng kn bao hoc b thng bao. 2.2.8 KIM TRA CHT LNG C PH RANG Vic nh gi phn loi c ph rang s da vo mt s ch th mang tnh nh tnh nh mu sc v lng bng ca b mt ht, s ng nht ca khi ht, mu sc v n ca rnh gia ht. nh gi mu sc ca khi ht ng mu: hu nh khng c ht khc mu Lc c ht khc mu 1-3% s ht vng c Lm m 5-10% s ht vng c ng gi lng bng ca b mt ht c ph rang Khi b mt ht vn kh, trn v c nh sng phn quang ging nh c du chiu, mc d khng c du hay b. y l c trng ca c ph c cht lng tt nht. Mu sc v n ca rnh gia ht Mu sc: Trng trng nht nhum nu nu m m: Rng- trung bnh- kht Mt s sn phm trn th trng

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

24

CHNG 3: QUY TRNH SN XUT C PH HA TAN C ph nhn sau khi rang c a i xay lm c ph bt pha phin, t c ph bt pha phin ta tip tc ch bin c ph ha tan 3.1.QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT C PH HA TAN T BT C PH RANG
BT C PH RANG TRCH LY, LM TRONG

Thu hi cht thm

C C

SY KH

B sung cht thm

C PH HA TAN

3.2.THUYT MINH QUY TRNH 3.2.1.Trch ly,lm sch Mc ch : nhm thu cc cht ha tan c trong bt c ph rang . Dng nc nng nhit 80-900C trch ly. Khng dng nc c nhit cao hn v s trch ly nhng cht khng tt cho sn phm. Kch thc bt c ph rang sn xut c ph ha tan cn c kch thc ln v tin hnh trch ly nhiu ln hn ch lng bt mn tan su vo trong nc khi trch ly.
GVHD: VIT PHNG SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

25

Thit b s dng trong giai on ny l thit b trch ly gian on: nc s c bm t y thp ln, qua ct bt c ph rang trong thp. Ti y xy ra hin tng trch ly cc cht ha tan.dung dch c ph c thu ti nh thp.Phi ln lt thay th bt c ph cc thp sao cho dung dch trch ly khi i qua cc thp cha bt c ph c lng cht tan tng dn. trnh hin tng bt c ph khng c thm t,th ta lm m bt c ph bng hi nc bo ha trc khi bm nc vo trch ly.Nng dung dch c ph trch ly c th t ti 20-22% 3.2.2.C c + Mc ch:To iu kin thun li cho qu trnh tip theo Nng dch c ph sau khi trch ly l 20-22% (do nng ca dch c ph qu cao v th ta cha th sy kh c).Do phi tin hnh c c trch ly n nng 30-33% mi thun li cho qu trnh sy Phng php c c thng dng l phng php c c chn khng: Dung dch c ph c bm vo thit b gia nhit.Ti y nc nhn nhit v bay hi chn khng c to ra nh baromet s ht hi nc v ngng t ti bnh ngng. Qu trnh din ra cho n khi nng dung dch t yu cu th dng. 3.2.3.Sy kh Sy kh nhm a dch trch ly c ph c dc thnh dng bt kh tin li cho qu trnh bo qun v s dng Phng php sy kh thng dng l phng php sy phun: Dch c ph c c c bm vo nh cyclo. Ti y c mt a c nhiu l nh, c tc quay rt ln, lm cho dch c ph vo cyclo dng sng m. Khng kh nng kh c thi vo cyclo sy kh c ph dng sng m thnh dng bt. C ph dng bt ha tan c thu y cyclo. Sau khi sy kh ta thu c bt c ph ha tan c m 1-2%, c mu nu en m. Nu nguyn c ph bt em i ch bin th cht thm ca bt c ph s b tn tht rt nhiu, nht l trong qu trnh sy phun. Do vy ngi ta thu hi cht thm ca c ph bt trc khi trch ly ri b sung tr li cho bt c ph ha tan . + Kh hp ph Qa trnh kh hp ph c tin hnh trong thp ng v tc nhn hp ph l kh tr (N2). C ph bt c lm nng trong thp s tot ra cc cht thm. Sau bm dng kh tr

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7

CNG NGH SN XUT CAFE BT

26

c t nng trong thp s tot ra cc cht thm. Sau bm dng kh tr c t nng n nhit nht nh (900C) vo t y thp. Trn nh thp c qut ht c tc dng ht hn hp kh ra khi thp , ng thi to p sut thp qu trnh hp ph xy ra d dng. Ta thu c hn hp kh N2 v cc cht thm. + Hp ph Bt c ph ha tan sau khi sy c m 1-2% v rt xp nn rt d hp phu. Qu trnh hp ph cng c tin hnh ti thp ng. hn hp kh vo c lm lnh ( nhit thng l 8-90C), khi i qua bt c ph ha tan s hp ph cc cht thm c trong hn hp kh ta thu c bt c ph ha tan thnh phm

GVHD: VIT PHNG

SVTH: NHM 7