3G CDMA - WCDMA and cdma2000

Rodger E. Ziemer IEEE Communications Society Distinguished Lecturer Program

Outline
v Multiple

access/channel measurement guidelines v Current 1G and 2G technology v What is Third Generation? v WCDMA features v cdma2000 features v WCDMA and cdma2000 contrasted v Summary
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 2

Rules for Efficient Multiple Access

v Three

immutable laws

v Know

the channel v Minimize interference to others v Mitigate interference received from others
v Requirements
v Channel

of wireless multiple access

measurement v Channel control and modification v Multiple user channel isolation

May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 3

Channel Measurement Guidelines

v

Wider the bandwidth = better the measurement

v

Limitations on this rule

(indoor path isolation = 10 ns delay resolution) v Complexity (combining more paths = more hardware) v Physical limitations (splitting energy over more paths = increasingly inaccurate parameter measurements)
v Regulatory

Measure at frequency > rate of change of channel v No other users: good receiver attempts to put together all received multipath components coherently v Other users present: Optimum = multiuser detection; suboptimum = power control; minimize near-far problem
v
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 4

Current 1G and 2G Technology

PDC 8% GSM 58% IS-136 8%

System Jun-00 Analog 78,339,980 cdmaOne 67,964,980 GSM 337,794,500 PDC 47,739,500 IS-136 48,079,830
USA/Canada 17% Middle East 1% Asia Pacific 32% Europe: Western 36% Europe: Eastern 3% Africa 2% Americas 9%

Analog 14% cdmaOne 12%

Source: EMC World Cellular Database

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Why CDMA?
Higher capacity v Improved performance in multipath by diversity v Lower mobile transmit power = longer battery life
v

Power control v Variable transmission rate with voice activity detection

v

Allows soft handoff v Sectorization gain v High peak data rates can be accommodated v Combats other-user interference = lower reuse factors
v
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 6

IS-95 Forward Link Xmtr Diagram [5]

8600 bps user m analog voice voice encoder 172 bits per 20 msec 9600 bps 19200 sps block interleaver 384 sym per 20 msec error detection code (CRC) & tail bits 12 bit CRC 8 bit tail R=1/2; k = 9 convolutional encoder data scrambling 19200 sps

+
mux

cl ,m
user m long code reverse link power control bit

+
wm
user m Walsh code 1.2288 Mcps

user n analog voice

voice encoder

error detection code (CRC) & tail bits

R=1/2; k = 9 convolutional encoder

data scrambling block interleaver user n long code

19200 sps

+
mux

+
user n Walsh code 1.2288 Mcps pulse shaping

cl , n
reverse link power control bit

cI , pilot

paging channel data 9600/4800/ 2400 bps

paging channel framing

R=1/2; k = 9 convolutional encoder

data scrambling block interleaver paging channel long code

19200 sps

1.2288 Mcps

coso t sino t
pulse shaping

cQ , pilot

LPA

+
cl , page

+
wp
paging channel Walsh code 1.2288 Mcps 4800 sps

synchronization channel data 1200 bps

sync channel framing

R=1/2; k = 9 convolutional encoder

block interleaver

+
w32
synch channel Walsh code 1.2288 Mcps

pilot channel data all 0's

+
w0
pilot channel Walsh code 1.2288 Mcps

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

What is Third Generation? [1]

v

Flexible support of multiple services

Voice v Messaging email, fax, etc. v Medium-rate multimedia Internet access, educational v High-rate multimedia file transfer, video v High-rate interactive multimedia video telecon-ferencing, telemedicine, etc.
v

Mobility: quasi-stationary to high-speed platforms v Global roaming: ubiquitous, seamless coverage v Evolution from second generation systems
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 8

Evolution of Standards [1]

world
GSM GPRS EDGE

Japan

PDC

W-CDMA

HSPDA

U.S.

iDEN

U.S.

IS-136

U.S./Asia

IS-95A

IS-95B

cdma2000

1xEV-DV

2G
May 28-June1, 2001

2.5G
R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

3G

1xEV-DO

Peak Data Rates [1]

2072.0 2000

1500

kbps

1000

614.2 473.0 500 171.0 115.2

0 GPRS IS-95B WCDMA cdma2000 EDGE

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

10

3G Spectrum Availability [2]

3G ITU
MSS*
1885 1930

3G
MSS
* Region 2

MSS*
2170

MSS
2200

1980

2010 2025

2110 2120

PHS

3G
1980

Japan Europe
DCS 1800

MSS
2010 2025 2110

3G
2170

MSS
2200

1885 1895 1918.1 DCS DECT 1800

3G

MSS 1996 2010 2025 2110

3G

MSS 2186 2200

1710 1785 1805 1880 1900

3G China
1885

MSS
2025 2110

3G
Broadcast Auxiliary

MSS
2200

USA

Unl. PCS PCS A D B E F C AD B EF C 1850 1910 1930 1990

PCS

Reserve

2110

2150

2200

All Frequencies in MHz

May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 11

Main Differences between WCDMA and GSM Air Interfaces [3]

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Reuse factor Power control freq Quality control Frequency diversity Packet data Downlink diversity
May 28-June1, 2001

GSM
200 kHz 1-18 2 Hz or lower Network planning (frequency planning) Frequency hopping Time slot base scheduling with GPRS Not supported
12

5 MHz 1 1500 Hz Radio resource management algorithms Wideband with RAKE Load based packet scheduling Supported
R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Main Differences between WCDMA and IS-95 Air Interfaces [3]

WCDMA
Carrier spacing Chip rate Power control freq Base station synchronization Inter-frequency handovers Radio resource management Packet data Downlink transmit diversity
May 28-June1, 2001

IS-95
1.25 MHz 1.2288 Mcps 800 Hz uplink; slow, DL Yes, typically via GPS Possible; measurement method not specified Not needed (speech only) Packet data xmitted as short circuit switched cells Not supported
13

5 MHz 3.84 Mcps 1500 up- & downlink Not needed Yes, measurements with slotted mode Yes, provides QoS Load-based packet scheduling Supported
R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

WCDMA Transmission Parameters

v Wideband
v 3.84

direct-sequence spreading

Mcps chip rate v Spreading gains (ratios) from 4 to 512

v Complex

QPSK spreading v Both frequency- and time-division duplex modes v Both forward and reverse fast power control v Coherent forward and reverse links using both code-division and time-division pilots v Asynchronous cells
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 14

New Features of cdma2000 vs. IS-95

v

Forward link [4]

Quadrature PSK data modulation (doubles avail. Walsh codes) v Transmit diversity v Fast power control v Quasi-orthogonal codes (more codes) v Auxiliary pilots (beam forming) v New common power control and assignment channels v Increased standby time (changes in paging channel) v Turbo codes v Variable rate v Flexible frame length (5, 20, 40, and 80 ms) v Multiframe interleaving
v
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 15

New Features of cdma2000 vs. IS-95

v Reverse

Link [4]

pilot channel assisted v Binary PSK data modulation v Complex PN spreading v Enhanced access channel = decreased setup times for traffic channeless connections (allows power control and slot reservations) v Improvements to interfrequency hard handoff to support subframe searches
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 16

v Coherent

W-CDMA Versus cdma2000 [2]

W-CDMA Chip Rate Frame Duration Base Stn Sync Base Stn Acq/Det Forward Link Pilot Antenna Beam Form
May 28-June1, 2001

IS-2000
3.6864 Mcps 20 ms Synchronous

4.096 Mcps 10 ms Asynchronous

3 step paral code srch for Sync through timebase stn det & slot/frame shifted PN correlation TDM dedicated pilot CDM common pilot TDM dedicated pilot Auxiliary pilot
17

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Technologies Considered in Arriving at Third Generation

v Wideband

Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) v Wideband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) v Wideband C/TDMA v Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) v Opportunity Driven Multiple Access (ODMA)
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 18

WCDMA Uplink Frame Structure [1]

I: data channel
N data = 10 * 2 k bits ( k = 0, K ,6)

DPDCH

Tslot = 2560 chips

Q: sync & control

Pilot:

N pilot bits

TFCI

FBI

TPC

DPCCH

0.667 ms

slot 0 slot 1

slot i radio frame = 10 ms

slot 14

TFCI = transmit format combination indicator FBI = feedback information TPC = transmit power control

DPDCH = dedicated physical data channel DPCCH = dedicated physical control channel

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

19

WCDMA Uplink Modulator Structure [1]

DPDCH1

cd ,1
DPDCH3

+ I

pulse shape filter (SRC)

c d ,3
DPDCH2

cos( c t )
+ +

cd , 2
DPCCH

Q + +

pulse shape filter (SRC)

cc

sin( c t ) c long,1
May 28-June1, 2001

c long,2
20

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Codes

c d ,i
selected from this tree
00000000 0000 00001111 00 00110011 0011 00111100 0 0101 01011010 01 01100110 0110 01101001 01010101

Notes: 1) For fixed chip rate, desired information rate determines length of spreading sequence and therefore processing gain. 2) When a specific code is used, no other code on the path from that code to the root and or on the subtree beneath that code may be used. 3) All the codes at any depth into the tree are the set of Walsh Sequences. 4) Code phase is synchronous with information symbols. 5) FDD UL processing gain between 256 and 4 FDD DL processing gain between 512 and 4 TDD UL/DL processing gain between 16 and 1 6) Multicode used only for SF = 4

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

21

WCDMA Downlink Frame Structure [1]

DPDCH DPCCH TFCI DPDCH Data2
N data 2

DPCCH Pilot

Data1 N data1 TPC

Tslot = 2560 chips

0.667 ms

slot 0 slot 1

slot i radio frame = 10 ms

slot 14

N data 2 + N data 2 = 10 * 2 k bits ( k = 0, K ,7)

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

22

WCDMA Downlink Modulator Structure [1]

dedicated traffic channels primary & secondary common pilot channels primary & secondary common control channels other channels
s/p

cd ,1
Clong
G1

Clong
Primary Sync Code

Gn

sum

s/p

cd , n

pulse shape filter (SRC)

e j t

CP GP CS

Secondary Sync Code

c long,2 GS
23

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

WCDMA Forward Error Control

v

Convolutional Coding
rate 1/2 & rate 1/3 v 256 state v puncture to higher rates v interleave over 10, 20, 40 or 80 ms
v

Turbo Coding
parallel coding v rate 1/3 v 8 state codes v block lengths 320 to 5114 bits v interleaver designed within 3gpp
v
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 24

WCDMA Convolutional Code

Rate Code Output 1 753 (octal)

input

Output 0 561 (octal) 25.212 V3.5.0 (2000-12)

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

25

WCDMA Convolutional Code

Output 0 557 (octal) Rate 1/3 Code

input

Output 1 663 (octal)

25.212 V3.5.0 (2000-12) May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

Output 2 711 (octal) 26

WCDMA Turbo Coding

X (t )
+ + +

Y (t )

interleaver + + +

Y (t )

X (t )
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 27

Codng Performance Compared

PCTC,BER,N=5120,8st,4it,CDI int PCTC,FER,N=5120,8st,4it,CDI int
1.00E-01

conv+RS,BER,K=9,N=5120 conv+RS,FER,K=9,N=5120 PCTC,BER,N=640,8st,4it,CDI int PCTC,FER,N=640,8st,4it,CDI int

1.00E-02

conv+RS,BER,K=9,N=640 conv+RS,FER,K=9,N=640

average BER, FER

1.00E-03

1.00E-04

1 dB
1.00E-05

1.00E-06 2.50 3.00 3.50

average Ebi/N0

4.00

4.50

5.00

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

28

Diversity Strategies for Downlink

Transmit Diversity

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

29

cdma2000 Transmission Parameters

v

Wideband direct-sequence CDMA v uplink chip rates 1.2288 Mcps & 3.686 Mcps v downlink chip rate 1.2288 Mcps
v single

or 3X multicarrier downlink

factors from TBD to TBD v Complex QPSK spreading v Frequency Division Duplex v Both forward and reverse fast power control (800 Hz) v Coherent forward and reverse links using code-division pilots v Synchronous cells
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 30

v spreading

cdma2000 Uplink Frame Structure

Radio Configuration 3
modulation symbol

channel bits

CRC

encoder tail bits

Convolutional or Turbo Coder

symbol repetition

symbol puncture

block interleaver

Bits/ Frame 16 40 80 172 350 744 1512 3048 6120

CRC bits 6 6 8 12 16 16 16 16 16

tail bits 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Data Rate kbps 1.5 2.7 4.8 9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6 307.2

Code Rate 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/2

Repeats 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1

Delete 1 of 5 1 of 9 none none none none none none none

Symbols 1536 1536 1536 1536 1536 3072 6144 12288 12288

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.1.1-8

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

31

cdma2000 Uplink Modulator

Secondary Traffic 2 C

wS 2
Pilot A

sum

+ _

pulse shape

cos( c t )
+ +

Control

wC
Primary C Traffic

c
d

sum

wD1
Secondary Traffic 1 C

pulse shape

wS 1
May 28-June1, 2001

c long, I

c long, Q

sin( c t )
32

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000 Long Code Generator

X1
+ + +

X 42

M m,1

M m,2

M m,3

walsh 2 (0 1) Mm,j identifies user + 1-chip delay dec by 2

1 + X + X 2 + X 3 + X 5 + X 6 + X 7 + X10 + X 16 + X17 + X18 + X19 + X 21 + X 22 + X 25 + X 26 + X 27 + X 31 + X 33 + X 35 + X 42

I-channel PN Q-channel PN May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 33

Short PN Pilot Sequence: 1.2288 Mcps

inphase PN sequence + + + + +

insert zero

1 + X 5 + X 7 + X 8 + X 9 + X13 + X 15
+ + + + + + +

quadrature PN sequence

insert zero

1 + X 3 + X 4 + X 5 + X 6 + X 10 + X 11 + X 12 + X 15

C.S0002-A-1 paragraph 2.1.3.1.12.1

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

34

cdma2000 UL Convolutional Codes

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.4.1.1-1 May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 35

cdma2000 Turbo Code

+ + input + + + symbol puncture and repeat

output

+ interleaver + + + + +

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.4.2.1-1

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

36

cdma2000 3X Code Generators

1X long code
1 s 1.2288
C.S0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.12-1

MUX

Long Code Generator Output (3.6864 Mcps)

1 s 1.2288

Short Pilot Code Truncate and use delay different segments for I and Q + + +

insert zero

1 + X 3 + X 5 + X 9 + X 20
R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 37

May 28-June1, 2001

cdma2000 Uplink Data Rates

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

38

cdma2000 1X Downlink Common Channels

Pilot Channel all 0s 01 1 -1 channel gain

XI XQ

Sync Channel

conv encode

2X repeat

interleave 4800 ksps

01 1 -1

channel gain

XI

XQ
Paging Channel conv encode 01 1 -1 channel gain

repeat

interleave

+
decimate

XI

C.S0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-1

long code

XQ

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

39

cdma2000 1X DL Modulation Processing

W modulation symbol rate power control bits fwd pwr ctrl gain

DEMUX

channel gain

power control symbol puncture

01 1 -1

YI

YQ

I/Q scrambling bit extract

puncture timing 800 Hz

long code mask

long code

decimate

pwr ctrl bit pos

C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-18

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

40

cdma2000 Downlink Convolutional Codes

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

41

cdma2000 3X Downlink Common Channels

Pilot Channel all 0s 01 1 -1 channel gain

XI

XQ
conv encode 01 1 -1

Sync Channel

2X repeat

interleave 4800 ksps

channel gain

XI

XQ
C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.2-1

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

42

cdma2000 1X Downlink Modulation

other channels

XI

+ -

pulse shape

YI
Walsh code QOF code

phase rotate for QOF

cos( c t )

YQ
other channels

+ +

pulse shape

XQ
I channel pilot PN May 28-June1, 2001 Q channel pilot PN

sin( c t )

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

43

cdma2000 Downlink Frame Structure

Radio Configuration 3
channel bits modulation symbol

CRC

encoder tail bits

Convolutional or Turbo Coder

symbol repetition

symbol puncture

block interleaver

Bits/ Frame 16 40 80 172 360 744 1512 3048

CRC bits 6 6 8 12 16 16 16 16

tail bits 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Data Rate kbps 1.5 2.7 4.8 9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6

Code Rate 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4

Repeats 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1

Delete 1 of 5 1 of 9 none none none none none none

Symbols 768 768 768 768 1536 3072 6144 12288

Other similar tables in specification.

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

44

cdma2000 3X DL Modulation Processing

W modulation symbol rate

power control bits

fwd pwr ctrl gain

DEMUX

channel gain

power control symbol puncture

01 1 -1

Y1

Y0

I/Q scrambling bit extract

puncture timing 800 Hz

long code mask

long code

decimate

pwr ctrl bit pos

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

45

cdma2000 3X Downlink Common Channels

Pilot Channel all 0s 01 1 -1 channel gain

XI XQ

Sync Channel

conv encode

2X repeat

interleave 4800 ksps

01 1 -1

channel gain

XI

XQ

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

46

cdma2000 Downlink Frame Structure

Radio Configuration 9
channel bits modulation symbol

CRC

encoder tail bits

Convolutional or Turbo Coder

symbol repetition

symbol puncture

block interleaver

Bits/ Frame 21 55 125 267 552 1128 2280 4584 9192 20712

CRC bits 6 8 10 12 16 16 16 16 16 16

tail bits 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Data Rate kbps 1.8 3.6 7.2 14.4 28.8 57.6 115.2 230.4 460.8 1036.8

Code Rate 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2

Repeats 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Delete none none none none none none none none none 2 of 18

Symbols 576 576 576 576 1152 2304 4608 9216 18432 36864

Other similar tables in specification.

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

47

cdma2000 3X DL Modulation Processing

W modulation symbol rate

DEMUX

channel gain

power control symbol puncture

01 1 -1 power control bits

YI1 YI2 YI3

YQ1 YQ2 YQ3

fwd pwr ctrl gain

I/Q scrambling bit extract

puncture timing 800 Hz

long code mask

long code

decimate

pwr ctrl bit pos

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

48

cdma2000 3X Downlink Modulation

YI1 same as below YQ1 output carrier 1

YI2 YQ2

output carrier 2

YI3 same as above YQ3 May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

output carrier 3

49

cdma2000 Downlink Data Rates

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

50

cdma2000 vs WCDMA
v Chip

rate v Coherent Pilot Channels v Transmit Diversity v Underlying Network v Single Carrier versus Multicarrier Spreading v Cell Site Synchronization

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

51

References
[1] R. L. Peterson, Third Generation Personal Communications: Physical Layer Status, Presentation at Clemson University, Feb. 1, 2001 [2] Manjit Singh and Manoneet Singh, 3G Wireless with Respect to IMT-2000 and Beyond, Telecom 99 [3] Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, New York: Wiley, 2000 [4] CDMA Evolution from IS-95, IS-2000, to 1XTREME, Technology Transfer Training Class, Motorola, Inc., July 2000 [5] R. Ziemer and R. Peterson, Introduction to Digital Communications, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Chapter 10, 2001

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

52

WCDMA: More Information?

v

http://www.3gpp.org
21.101 guide to all other documents v 25.XXX series radio access network (RAN)
v
v 25.211 v 25.212 v 25.213 v 25.214 v 25.321 v 25.322

frame structure etc. channel coding etc. spreading and modulation physical layer procedures (tx diversity, etc.) medium access control (MAC) radio link control (RLC)

26.XXX series voice coding

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 53

May 28-June1, 2001

GSM/GPRS/EDGE: More Information?

v http://www.3gpp.org
3GPP 45.001 45.002 45.003 45.004 45.005 45.008 45.009 44.060
May 28-June1, 2001

ETSI 05.01 05.02 05.03 05.04 05.05 05.08 05.09 04.60

description general description multiple access, logical channels, etc channel coding modulation radio transmission and channel models radio link control link adaptation RLC/MAC
54

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

cdma2000: More Information?

v http://www.3gpp2.org
v Technical

Specification Group C cdma2000 v C.S0002-A-1 Physical Layer Standard v C.S0003-A-1 Medium Access Control (MAC) v C.S0004-A-1 Signaling Link Access Control v C.S00024 1XEV-DO (high speed packet) v C.S0005 Upper Layer Signaling (L3)

May 28-June1, 2001

R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO

55

3G Information Sources
v

Third Generation Partnership Projects v http://www.3gpp.org v http://www.3gpp2.org CDMA Development Group (CDG) v http://www.cdg.org International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000 v http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/imt2k/ Japan ARIB IMT-2000 proposal v http://www.arib.or.jp/IMT-2000/ARIB/Document/
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 56